185 Sample Chapter

Noun 2
CHAPTER
A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing (anything

that we can think of).
Kinds of Noun
1. Common Noun: A common noun is a noun referring to a person, place,
or thing in a general sense. Common here means ‘shared by all.’
∑ The class is studying grammar.
∑ The nearest town is 60 miles away.
∑ She is a good girl.
2. Proper Noun: A proper noun represents the name of a specific person,
place, or thing. Proper nouns are always written with a capital letter at the
beginning.
∑ Jawaharlal Nehru was the first prime minister of India.
∑ India is a democratic country.
∑ Hari is a good boy.
3. Collective Noun: A collective noun is the name of a number of persons
or things taken together and considered as one unit, as;
∑ The flock of geese spends most of its time in the pasture.
∑ The police dispersed the crowd.
∑ I saw a fleet of ships in the harbour.
4. Abstract noun: An abstract noun is a noun which names quality, action,
virtue or state, which one cannot perceive through one’s five physical
senses.
∑ We all love honesty.
∑ Cleanliness is next to godliness.
∑ I love to remember the happy days of childhood.
Abstract nouns are formed:
i. From Adjectives Kind Kindness
Noun 9
If the individual or things are thought of separately, it is called a Noun of

Multitude. Some examples of collective nouns are class, army, crowd, parlia-
ment.
Remember
1. Some nouns have the same form for the plural as for the singular:
∑ sheep, deer, fish, series, species etc.
2. Some nouns are singular in form but plural in sense:
∑ cattle, people, poultry, gentry, company, police, alphabet etc.
3. Some nouns are always used in the plural:
∑ spectacles, thanks, trousers, savings, lodgings, scissors, compasses,
people etc.
4. Some nouns though plural in form are used in the singular:
∑ means, news, innings, scissors, spectacles, assets, tongs, wages, riches
etc.
5. Some nouns have no plural:
∑ information, advice, knowledge, furniture, progress etc.
Case
1. Nominative Case: When a noun is used as the subject of a verb, it is said
to be in the Nominative Case. To find the nominative, put ‘who’ or ‘what’
before the verb.
∑ Hari threw the ball. (‘Hari’ is in the nominative case)
2. Objective/ Accusative case: When a noun is used as the object of a verb,
it is said to be in the Objective Case. To find the objective, put ‘whom’ or
‘what’ before the verb and its subject.
∑ Hari threw the ball. (‘ball’ is in the objective case)
If a noun comes after a preposition it is also said to be in the objective case.
∑ The pen is on the desk.
Remember:
The nominative generally comes before the verb and the objective after the
verb.
∑ The window was broken. (nominative)
∑ He broke the window. (objective)
3. Possessive Case: Possessive case is used to express ownership or pos-
session.
∑ I like to read Shakespeare’s tragedies.
∑ Ratan’s business is flourishing.
10 Professional Communication
A possessive case is also used to denote authorship, origin, kind etc.

∑ Shelley’s poems
∑ A mother’s love
∑ Hari’s school
∑ A week’s holiday
Remember:
a. The use of apostrophe with ‘s’ denoting possessive case should be re-
stricted to:
i. Living things; as,
∑ the Director’s secretary, the baker’s shop, a boy’s foot, a cat’s tail
ii. Thing personified; as,
∑ Nature’s law, India’s heroes, fortune’s favourite
iii. Certain dignified objects; as,
∑ At duty’s call, the court’s decree
iv. Space, time or weight; as,
∑ A day’s journey, in a year’s time, a foot’s length, an hour’s talk
v. A few familiar phrases; as,
∑ At his wit’s end, at a stone’s throw, for mercy’s sake
Except these the use of possessive case with other nouns sounds awkward.
We must say;
∑ The leg of the table is bent. (not, ‘The table’s leg)
∑ The attitude of the public seems uncertain. (not, ‘The public’s atti-
tude’)
b. The apostrophe ‘s’ is omitted;
i. After plural ending in ‘s’, we should never put the apostrophe with ‘s’.
∑ Horses’ tail, boys’ school, monkeys’ chatter
But after those plurals which do not end in ‘s’, apostrophe should be used.
∑ Men’s club, women’s dresses, children’s books
ii. Where too many hissing sounds come together.

∑ For conscience’ sake, for goodness’ sake, for Jesus’ sake
iii. The words his, hers, its, theirs, yours, ours, mine are possessive and they
are not written with the possessive sign (’).
∑ Yours faithfully, its colour
c. The words; church, house, shop etc. are often omitted after possessive
case.
Noun 11
∑ I will dine at my uncle’s.

∑ You can get good biscuits at Polson’s.
d. Avoid the use of double possessives. We should say
∑ The wife of my uncle’s secretary, (not, ‘My uncle’s secretary’s wife’)
Nouns in Apposition
When one noun follows another to describe it, the noun which follows is said to
be in ‘apposition’ to the noun which comes before it.
∑ Kapil, our captain, made fifty runs.
∑ George, my uncle, is a very humorous person.
REVIEW EXERCISES
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable collective nouns.
1. A _________ of birds flew high in the sky.
2. They saw a _____ of lions at the zoo.
3. The farmer has a _____ of cattle on his farm.
4. He ate a _____ of grapes today.
5. Our friend shows us a _____ of stamps.
6. We saw a _____ of sheep on our way home.
7. Police have arrested a _____ of thieves.
8. She bought a _____ of bananas from the market.
9. The _____ of pupils are listening attentively to their teacher.
10. You can put the _____ of tools in that box.
Answers
1. flock 2. troop 3. herd
4. bunch 5. collection 6. flock
7. gang 8. bunch 9. class
10. set
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with abstract nouns from the nouns in brackets.
1. I had a very happy ______ (child).
2. I forgot to renew my _____ (member) in the sailing club.
3. We formed a deep and lasting_________(friend)
4. He hopes to take over the _____ (leader) of the party.
Noun 13
7. berry _________
8. half ________
9. knife ________
10. colony ________
Answers
1. teeth, 2. leaves, 3. keys,
4. searches, 5. pencils, 6. guesses,
7. berries 8. halves 9. knives
10. colonies
Exercise 4
In each sentence, select the proper noun(s).
1. Is Hari coming to the dance?
a. Hari
b. dance
c. Hari, dance
2. Hari invited Ram and Mohan to the zoo.
a. Hari, Ram
b. Hari, Ram, Mohan
c. Hari, Ram, Mohan, Zoo
3. Carol and I went to the beach.
a. Carol
b. I
c. Carol, I
4. Buffalo sponsored this free concert.
a. Buffalo
b. concert
c. The city, concert
5. Ram doesn’t like this location.
a. location
b. Ram
c. like
6. Rose, Honey, and I went to see the new reptile house.
a. Rose, Honey, I
b. Rose, Honey, I, reptile house
c. Rose, Honey
7. Lisa does not like certain bands.
a. Lisa, bands

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Noun 2

A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing (anything

If the individual or things are thought of separately, it is called a Noun of

A possessive case is also used to denote authorship, origin, kind etc.

ii. Where too many hissing sounds come together.

∑ I will dine at my uncle’s.

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