PLT 208 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

TUTORIAL 2

CHAPTER 2: AMPLITUDE MODULATION

1. Define the AM demodulation process.

2. A 500W carrier is to be modulated to a 90 percent modulation. Determine the total
transmitted power.
3. An AM broadcast station operates at its maximum allowed total output of 50kW
and at 95 percent modulation. Determine the total sideband power
4. A transmitter with a 10kW carrier transmits 11.2 kW when modulated with a
single sine wave. Calculate the modulation index. If the carrier is simultaneously
modulated with another sine wave at 50 percent modulation, calculate the total
transmitted power.
5. An AM transmitter has a 1kW carrier and is modulated by three different sine
waves having equal amplitudes. If total modulation index is 0.8, calculate the
individual values of m and the total transmitted power.
6. An Amplitude Modulation (AM) radio broadcasting station with its carrier
frequency of 500 kHz is amplitude-modulated by a 3 kHz audio signal to produce
an AM envelope. The maximum and minimum peaks voltages of the envelope are
150Vp and 50Vp respectively. The equivalent resistance of the transmitting
antenna is 50  . Determine:
(i) The peak amplitudes of the audio, carrier and sideband voltages.
(ii) The modulation index, m.
(iii) Using the above results, write the complete AM mathematical
representation to express the waveform, showing its carrier, lower
sideband and upper sideband parameters.
(iv) Determine the bandwidth of the modulated signal.
(v) Power of the carrier signal and total sidebands power.
(vi) Sketch and label the power spectrum of the modulated signal.
7. A telecommunication engineer is given a task to assess the output power levels of
a transmitter with respect to different kind of modulation modes with the same
intelligibility received. Given that the antenna transmits a 15 kW of total power at
90% modulation, determine:
(i) The amount of carrier power, Pc delivers through the antenna.
(ii) The amount of power using Double-Side Band Suppressed Carrier
(DSBSC).
(iii) The amount of power using Single-Side Band Suppressed Carrier
(SSBSC).
(iv) The percentage power saving of SSBSC compares to Double-Side
Band Full Carrier (DSBFC).
(v) State TWO (2) disadvantages of SSBSC.
8. Transmitter efficiency for an AM Double Side Band Full Carrier (DSBFC) is
stated as the ratio of the average power from sidebands to the total power
absorbed. From the AM power distribution,
2
 Ec 
 
Pc   2
R
Show that the efficiency:
m2

m2  2
9. An input AM Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier (DSBSC) wave is an
unmodulated carrier voltage Vc = 20Vp, frequency of 250 kHz, and a load
resistor of 50. The frequency of the modulating signal is 15 kHz and modulation
index, m = 0.9. Determine the following:
(i) Powers of each of the upper and lower sidebands
(ii) Total power of the modulated wave
(iii) Bandwidth of the transmitted wave
(iv) Sketch the power and frequency spectrum
(v) Compare the power saving ratio (in percentage) if an AM Single Side
Band Suppressed Carrier (AM SSBSC) is used
 (vi) Sketch the power and frequency spectrum for an AM SSBSC
calculated in (e).
10. An AM modulated wave with the output wave changes of  7.5V p is

represent
by the following equation.

Vam ( t )  20 sin(2500  103 ) t  3.75 cos(2510  103 ) t  3.75 cos(2490  103 ) t

Based on the information given,

(i) Calculate the modulation coefficient, m and percent modulation.

(ii) Calculate the peak amplitude of the modulated carrier, upper and lower
side frequency voltages.
(iii) Calculate the maximum and minimum amplitude of the envelope.
(iv) Draw and label the frequency spectrum.
(v) Sketch and label the output envelope.
11. Draw a block diagram of a basic filter type system SSB transmitter. Briefly
describe its operation.
12. Differentiate between coherent and non-coherent type of AM receiver.
13. Give three significant importance of modulation in electronic communications.
.
CHAPTER 3: ANGLE MODULATION

1. Discuss the advantages of Frequency Modulation (FM) over Amplitude Modulation

(AM).

2. Give three (3) comparisons between the narrowband FM (NBFM) and the
wideband (WBFM).

3. A message signal v m (t )  2 sin(10000t ) volt is used to frequency modulate the

carrier v c (t )  10 sin(180 x10 t ) volt. Given the percent modulation is 70%.
6

Determine:
i) The deviation sensitivity of the modulator circuit.
ii) The frequency deviation of the modulated carrier.

4. A message signal v m (t )  2 sin(30000t ) volt is used to frequency modulate the

carrier vc (t )  10 sin(200 x10 6 t ) volt. The frequency sensitivity of the
modulating circuit is k1 = 25 kHz/V. Determine the modulation index.

5. Input to an FM modulator with a modulation index m=1.5, is a modulating signal

Vm(t)=Vm sin (2π1000t), and an unmodulated carrier Vc(t)=20 sin(2π500kt).Using
the Bessel graph, determine
i) number of sets of significant side frequencies
ii) Their amplitudes
iii) Draw the frequency spectrum showing their relative amplitudes
iv) Assume load resistance RL =50Ω; determine the unmodulated carrier
power
v) The total power in the angle modulated wave.

6. Explain the relationship between the power in the unmodulated carrier and the
power in the modulated wave for FM.

7. A sinusoidal signal of frequency 15 kHz modulates the frequency of a 10V 100

MHz carrier, causing a frequency deviation of 75 kHz. Using Bessel Table,

(i) Sketch the amplitude spectrum of the FM signal.

(ii) Determine the fraction of the total power contained in the frequency
band 99.93 MHz to 100.07 MHz.

8. A 5 kHz signal of 5V serves as the modulating signal for two modulator circuits.
One of FM modulator of sensitivity 15 kHz/V and the other a PM modulator of
sensitivity 0.6 rad/V. Determine the Carson’s bandwidth of each of an angle
modulated signal.
9. When the carrier signal v (t )  10 sin(10 t ) V is frequency modulated by the
6

message signal v (t )  2 sin(10 t ) , the carrier frequency varies within  4%

4

of its unmodulated value.

i) What is the modulation index?

ii) What is frequency sensitivity of the modulator?
iii) Determine the Carson’s bandwidth and actual transmission bandwidth
iv) Sketch the amplitude spectrum of the FM signal
v) Determine the percentage of total power contained in the frequency
band 473 kHz to 526 kHz.

10. Determine deviation ratio and bandwidth for the worse case(widest bandwidth)
modulation index

i) For an FM broadcast band transmitter with a maximum frequency

deviation of 75 kHz and a maximum modulating signal frequency of
15 kHz.
ii) For an equal modulation index in (a) with only half the peak frequency
deviation and modulating signal.
iii) Discuss your observation for the answers given in (a) and (b) in terms
of bandwidth occupied in FM.

11. There are two ways to produce Frequency Modulation (FM) signal which are
direct method and indirect method. Briefly explain both of them.

12. With the aid of diagram, briefly explain the operation of the PLL demodulator.

13. Given an FM modulated waveform VFM ( t )  20 cos(1x10 6 t  sin 20x10 3  t )

transmitted through an antenna with a load resistance R L  12 . Determine the
following:

(i) The carrier frequency, fc, modulating frequency, fm and modulation

index, mf.
(ii) The average power in unmodulated carrier.
(iii) The power in each significant side frequencies and thus, the total
power in modulated carrier. (Hint: Use the Bessel Function table).
(iv) Sketch and label the power spectrum of the modulated output wave
with their respective power amplitudes.
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2