Occurrence of Cystacanths of Centrorhynchus Sp. (Acanthocephala: Centrorhynchidae) in Toads of The Genus Eupsophus in Chile

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 91(6): 717-719, Nov./Dec.
1996 717
Necropsies of 27 adult E. calcaratus from

RESEARCH NOTE
Yaldad (43°5’S, 73°43’W), on the island of Chiloé,
and 10 E. roseus from Isla Teja (39°48’S,
Occurrence of Cystacanths 73°15’W), in the city of Valdivia, were carried out
between July 1994 and January 1995.
of Centrorhynchus sp. Adult male and female toads were collected by
(Acanthocephala: hand. Live acanthocephalans were placed in water
at 4°C for about 10 hr, fixed in alcohol-formalin-
Centrorhynchidae) in Toads acetic acid, preserved in 70% ethanol, and cleared
of the Genus Eupsophus in in lactophenol. Liver samples infected with acan-
thocephalans were fixed in buffered neutral 10%
Chile formalin. Paraffin-embedded sections were cut and
stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Drawings were
Patricio Torres+, Sonia Puga made with the aid of a camera lucida.
Morphological characteristics (Figs 1-2) and
Instituto de Parasitología, Universidad Austral de
Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
measurements (in µm unless otherwise indicated)
of three males were as follows: trunk 3.2-4.4 (3.9)
mm long by 663-881 (795) at the greatest width.
Key words: Centrorhynchus - cystacanths - Proboscis 1.0-1.2 (1.1) mm long by 491-554 (517)
Eupsophus - toads - Chile at the greatest width, with 30-32 rows of 18-20
hooks each. Proboscis receptacle 1.1-1.2 (1.2) mm
long. Lemnisci extending beyond the end of the
proboscis receptacle to the level of the testes. Tes-
In Chile, there are about 43 anuran species. tes in ligament sac 94-117 (103) long by 62-78
However, research on their helminth fauna is lim- (72) at the greatest width in two specimens, in other
ited to nine parasite species: the trematodes one 460-480 long by 420-460 wide.
Gorgoderina chilensis Dioni, 1947, Gorgoderina Cystacanths of Centrorhynchus sp. were found
valdiviensis Puga, 1979 and Rudolphitrema in liver and/or peritoneum of 3 (11.1%) E.
chilensis Puga, 1986; the cestodes Ophiotaenia calcaratus with one to three specimens per host;
noei Wolfhügel, 1950 and Baerietta chilensis Puga while in only one specimen (10%) of E. roseus 2
and Franjola, 1983; the nematodes Aplectana cystacanths were found in the liver.
chilensis Lent and Freitas, 1948 Cosmocerca Specimens found in the hepatic tissue were
chilensis Lent and Freitas, 1948 and Oswaldocruzia surrounded by a fibrotic capsule (Fig. 3) as has
neghmei Puga, 1981; and the acanthocephalan been reported for other Centrorhynchus spp. in
Acanthocephalus caspanensis Fernández and frogs (F Cox 1971 J Biol Educ 5: 35-51, O Amin
Ibarra, 1989. These helminths were reported from 1982 Classification of Living Organisms, p. 933-
nine host species (S Puga 1994 Bol Chil Parasitol 940. In ED Parker, New York).
49: 81-84). Centrorhynchus sp. is the first helminth re-
This note presents the occurrence of cystacanths ported for E. calcaratus. O. neghmei and R.
of acanthocephalans of the genus Centrorhynchus chilensis have been reported previously for E.
in toads of the genus Eupsophus (Leptodactylidae) roseus (Puga loc. cit.).
for the first time. The genus Centrorhynchus includes about 75
The genus Eupsophus includes endemic spe- species (O Amin 1985 Biology of Acanthocephala,
cies that live in leaf beds of the temperate forests p. 27-72. In DWT Crompton, BB Nickol, Cam-
of South America (R Formas 1979 Univ Kansas bridge) the definitive hosts of which are diurnal or
Mus Nat Hist Monograph 7: 341-369). nocturnal rapacious birds (Falconiforms or
Strigiforms). Their intermediate hosts are terres-
trial isopods or insects, Orthoptera or Coleoptera,
and their various paratenic hosts, amphibians, rep-
tiles, and mammals, play a fundamental role in their
This work was supported by grant S-94-34 (Dirección transmission to birds (J Buron & Y Golvan 1986
de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Austral de Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 5: 581-592).
Chile)
+Corresponding author. Fax: +56-63-214475 E. calcaratus and E. roseus perhaps serve as
Received 26 January 1996 paratenic hosts for Centrorhynchus sp. for which
Accepted 3 April 1996 the definitive and intermediate hosts are unknown.
718 Centrorhynchus sp. in Eupsophus spp. in Chile • P Torres, S Puga
Cystacanth of Centrorhynchus sp. in toads of genus Eupsophus from Chile. Fig. 1: general view. Fig. 2: proboscis with details
of hooks.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 91(6), Nov./Dec. 1996 719
Hepatic histological section with cystacanth of Centrorhynchus sp. in toads of genus Eupsophus from Chile. Fig. 3: cystacanth,
surrounded by capsule (arrow) of the host, tegument (t), region of proboscis (p).
The diet of s (Formas loc. cit Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
that these hosts would be infected through the con- (IPUAT No. 0247-0248).
sumption of insects. Acknowledgements: to Dr Ramón Formas (Instituto
de Zoología, Universidad Austral de Chile) for the iden-
collection of the Institute of Parasitology, tification of toads.
720 Centrorhynchus sp. in Eupsophus spp. in Chile • P Torres, S Puga

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Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 91(6): 717-719, Nov./Dec.

Necropsies of 27 adult E. calcaratus from

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