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    Torque Thesis Work

    Uploaded by

    stanyeah
    Torque

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Torque Thesis Work

    Uploaded by

    stanyeah
    17 views2 pages
    Torque

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    Torque Thesis work

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    Torque

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    17 views2 pages

    Torque Thesis Work

    Uploaded by

    stanyeah
    Torque

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Torque

     Overcoming friction 90% torque


    o Head friction = 50% torque
    o Thread friction = 40% torque
     Clamp preload = 10 % torque.

    Torque to yield.

    Used in applications where deformation of the bolt is necessary. This allows the bolt to induce a
    high preload and therefore inhibit the diminishing of the clamping load of the parts.

    The theory holds that the farther we stretch a fastener toward the threshold of yield, the more
    load it exerts on the joint.

    The deformation of the bolt intends to impede the joint to loosen by the outer applied forces in
    the joint. If the preload is high and the bolt cannot longer, return to its elastic phase is won´t be
    loosen.

    Now you might say, "If we want more load, we can always use a bigger diameter fastener." That’s
    correct. Let’s use our (hypothetical) gasket example from Victor Reinz. We need 11,900 lbs. of load
    on each bolt. We can get that load by stretching a 7/16" diameter bolt to the threshold of yield or
    by putting a very moderate load (requiring very little stretch) on a 9/16" diameter bolt. The
    concern is on a head bolt application is that you get lots of change in the joint. Both gasket
    relaxation on a new installation, as well as thermal expansion on bi-metal designs will cause
    changes to the joint dimension once the installation is complete. Head gasket relaxation causes
    loss of load from the fastener. The less stretch you have on the fastener, the more the loss of load.
    Let’s work our theoretical example:

    7/16" fastener stretched .070" equals 11,900 lbs. of load;

    9/16" fastener stretched .030" equals 11,900 lbs. of load;

    A composition gasket installed at .045" relaxes 25%, for a net loss of .011";

    7/16" fastener loses 1/7 of the load, leaving 10,200 lbs.; and

    9/16" fastener loses 1/3 of the load, leaving 7,933 lbs.

    As you can see, we’ve got a major sealing issue with the 9/16" fastener. Obviously, it’s a big
    advantage to keep the fastener diameter small and use maximum stretch to seal engines. Also,
    keep in mind that the longer in length the fastener is, the more it stretches to get the desired load.
    Just look at modern engine designs today. We have a predominance of long yet relatively small
    diameter head bolts. You’ll also notice that on the good designs all the bolts are the same length.
    This makes only one engineering exercise to do rather than two or three as a tightening theory is
    developed.

    Turn to torque.

    With a conventional head bolt, a torque specification is applied to create enough stretch in the
    bolt to provide sufficient clamp load to keep the gasket in place throughout the operating
    temperature range of the engine. Torque loads are specified to the conventional bolts to give
    enough stretch to maintain the correct clamp load but most importantly, remain within the elastic
    limit of the bolt allowing the bolt to return to its static dimensions and reused. With the bolt, in
    situ trying to return to its static length is what provides the clamp load on the gasket. A great
    example of this bolt movement was quite clearly evident in the early Sigma cylinder heads which
    suffered from a softening of the cylinder head when overheated allowing the bolt to return to its
    original length by driving the bolt head washer into the surface of the cylinder head which in turn
    caused a major reduction in clamp load and consequently gasket sealing capacity and failure.

    http://wbtools.com.au/how-to-understand-angular-torque-and-torque-to-yield/

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