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    Adriano A. Bordalo & Joana Savva-Bordalo

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    Waqar Ahmed
    The document summarizes water issues and solutions in Bolama, Guinea-Bissau. It finds that only 13.6% of the population has access to potable water, leading to high rates of cholera, diarrhea, and other diseases. Water is often contaminated with fecal matter and acidic. Simple, low-cost solutions like adding oyster shells to reduce acidity or bleach to disinfect have potential to improve water quality and public health. Sustainable access to clean water remains a critical need.

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    Adriano A. Bordalo & Joana Savva-Bordalo

    Uploaded by

    Waqar Ahmed
    44 views32 pages
    The document summarizes water issues and solutions in Bolama, Guinea-Bissau. It finds that only 13.6% of the population has access to potable water, leading to high rates of cholera, diarrhea, and other diseases. Water is often contaminated with fecal matter and acidic. Simple, low-cost solutions like adding oyster shells to reduce acidity or bleach to disinfect have potential to improve water quality and public health. Sustainable access to clean water remains a critical need.

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    The document summarizes water issues and solutions in Bolama, Guinea-Bissau. It finds that only 13.6% of the population has access to potable water, leading to high rates of cholera, diarrhea, and other diseases. Water is often contaminated with fecal matter and acidic. Simple, low-cost solutions like adding oyster shells to reduce acidity or bleach to disinfect have potential to improve water quality and public health. Sustainable access to clean water remains a critical need.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views32 pages

    Adriano A. Bordalo & Joana Savva-Bordalo

    Uploaded by

    Waqar Ahmed
    The document summarizes water issues and solutions in Bolama, Guinea-Bissau. It finds that only 13.6% of the population has access to potable water, leading to high rates of cholera, diarrhea, and other diseases. Water is often contaminated with fecal matter and acidic. Simple, low-cost solutions like adding oyster shells to reduce acidity or bleach to disinfect have potential to improve water quality and public health. Sustainable access to clean water remains a critical need.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 32

    THE WATER QUESTION UNDER EXTREME POVERTY

    THE EXAMPLE OF BOLAMA, GUINEA-BISSAU


    Adriano A. Bordalo & Joana Savva-Bordalo
    GUINEA-BISSAU

    28,000 km2 land area


    (32,000 km2)
    Tropical rain forest (85%)
    Wet - June to November
    Dry - December to May

    1,600,00 inhabitants
    AIDS - 7% [30%]
    GDP - $188

    13.6% “potable” water


    Cholera
    Diarrheas
    Malaria
    Respiratory diseases
    WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON

    EUROPE - 150 liters


    WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON

    AFRICA - 50 liters
    WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON

    AFRICA - 50 liters

    RURAL POPULATION URBAN POPULATION


    network network

    52 L 72 L
    WATER USES
    THE ORIGIN OF WATER
    THE ORIGIN OF WATER
    WATER CONSTRAINS
    WATER CONSTRAINS
    WATER CONSTRAINS
    WATER CONSTRAINS
    WATER CONSUMPTION

    21 liters
    40 liters (Muslim areas)
    RATIONALE

    • Seasonal water quality

    • Disease

    • Sustainable measures
    SAMPLING STRATEGY

    28 - 43 wells
    PRECIPITATION

    1998 - 2007
    Bolama precipitation (1998-2007)

    600

    500

    400

    mm
    300

    200

    100

    0
    J F M A M J J A S O N D
    Month
    PRECIPITATION

    1998 - 2007
    Bolama precipitation (1998-2007)

    600

    500

    400

    mm
    300

    200

    100

    0
    J F M A M J J A S O N D
    Month

    900 Bolama - Precipitation

    800
    2007
    700 2006
    2005
    600 2004
    2003
    500
    2002
    mm
    400 2001
    2000
    300 1999
    1998
    200

    100

    0
    J F M A M J J A S O N D

    Month
    WATER ACIDITY

    wet season

    dry season
    EU
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    pH
    FECAL CONTAMINATION

    EU
    wet season

    dry season

    0 25 50 75 100 125
    fecal coliforms 100 ml-1
    IRON

    wet season
    EU
    dry season

    0 50 100 150 200 250


    µg l-1
    FECAL COLIFORMS

    uncontaminated zone
    WATER QUALITY INDEX

    50-60% - reasonable
    40-50% - mediocre
    <40% - bad
    WATER NETWORK?
    PRECIPITATION & DISEASE

    Bolama 2006/07

    400 Patients 600


    Precipitation
    350
    500
    300
    400
    250

    200 300
    No patients
    150 Precipit
    200
    100
    100
    50

    0 0
    J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
    Month
    2006 2007
    PRECIPITATION & DISEASE

    50 Intestinal 600
    Precipitation
    45
    500
    40

    35
    400
    30

    25 300
    No patients
    20
    Prec
    200
    15

    10
    100
    5

    0 0
    J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
    Month
    2006 2007
    CHILD MORTALITY

    Malaria 35%
    Respiratory infections 15%
    Diarrhea 15%

    UNDP, 2002
    CHOLERA EPIDEMICS

    1986, 1987,
    1994, 1996, 1997,
    2002, 2003, 2005

    2008
    SOLUTIONS

    PROBLEM

    Acidic water 400 g of oyster shells

    8.0

    7.0 EU
    6.0
    pH
    5.0

    4.0

    3.0
    23:32 0:32 1:32 2:32 3:32 4:32 5:32 6:32 7:32 8:32 9:32
    Time (UTC)
    SOLUTIONS

    PROBLEM

    Fecal materials 1 drop bleach in one liter of water

    14000
    12000
    10000
    8000
    6000
    4000
    2000 EU
    Fecal coliforms (cfu 100 ml-1)
    0
    0 20 40 60 80
    Time (minutes)
    MORE SOLUTIONS

    wells
    X 
    MORE SOLUTIONS

    latrines X 
    acknowledgments

    AMI - International Medical Assistance


    Portuguese Embassy - Bissau
    AIDA - Spanish Cooperation
    Bolama Regional Health Authority
    ICBAS - University of Porto
    IPO - Porto

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