The Physiology of Digestive System
The Physiology of Digestive System
The Physiology of Digestive System
Arranged by:
11th Group
- Gracia Ayu Christina (P1337420617004)
- Mohamad Fauzan (P1337420617016)
i
PREFACE
Thanks to Almighty God Who has given bless to the writer for finishing the article “The
Physiology of Digestive System” without any hindrance.
The writer also wish to express the deep and sincere gratitude for Mr. Wagiyo, Skp.,
Mkep., Sp.Kep.Mat. as lecturer who have guided in completing this article.
In writing this article we have tried to introduce the subject of The Physiology of
Digestive System in as simple a form as possible for anatomy and physiology in the Bachelor of
Applied Science in Nursing, Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry Semarang.
It is to be hoped that the student will be able to acquire a sound knowledge of the subject,
by using this article as well as from the next. We hope that this article may not only be of value
to the student nurse but to lecturers and other majors.
The writer
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CONTENTS
PREFACE …………………………………………………………………………………….. ii
CHAPTER I
I. Definition ……………………………………………………………………………. . 1
II. The Phases ……………………………………………………………………………. 1
- Mouth………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
- Esophagus …………………………………………………………………………….. 2
- Stomach ………………………………………………………………………………. 3
- Small Intestine ………………………………………………………………………... 3
- Large Intestine ………………………………………………………………………... 4
IV. Accessory Organs the Glands ………………………………………………………... 4
CHAPTER II
Conclusion ………………...………………………………………………………......... 6
CHAPTER III
Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………. 7
iii
CHAPTER I
Definition
Digestion System
The digestive system is the system which deals with the food we eat. As food pass through
the walls of some organs of the digestive tract into the bloodstream and lymph vessels within the
body. Therefore they are excreted in the form of faeces.
Phases Include
3. Absorption the process by which digested food substance pass through the
walls of some organs of the digestive tract into the bloodstream and lymph
vessels.
4. Elimination food substances which have been eaten but cannot be absorbed
are excreted from the bowel as faeces.
Types
Chew (Mastication)
Tear
Grind
Mash
Mix
2. Chemical
Proteins
Lipids
3. Structures
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Mouth
Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with saliva
(contains amylase, which helps break down starch).
Epiglottis is a flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea
preventing food from entering it. It is located in the Pharynx.
Esophagus
Approximately 20 cm long.
Functions include:
2
1. Secrete mucus
2. Moves food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis
Stomach
J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces.
Mixes food with Digestive Juices that contain enzymes to break down Proteins and
Lipids.
Peristaltic action in the stomach consist of a churning movement (causes further
mechanical break-down of the food and mixing of the food with gastric juice).
Acid (HCl) in the stomach Kills Bacteria.
Food found in the stomach is called Chyme.
Small Intestine
Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections called villi, to increase surface area.
The villi are covered in microvilli which further increases surface area for absorption.
Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls.
Absorbs:
Vitamins
Minerals
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
3
Large Intestine
Functions
Bacterial digestion
Ferment carbohydrates
Concentrate wastes
Liver
filters out toxins and waste including drugs and alcohol and poisons.
Gall Bladder
Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the small intestine.
4
Pancreas
5
CHAPTER II
CONCLUSION
The digestive system is the system which deals with the food we eat. As food pass through
the walls of some organs of the digestive tract into the bloodstream and lymph vessels within the
body. Therefore they are excreted in the form of faeces.
6
CHAPTER III
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ross, Janet S., and Wilson, Kathleen J. W. 1963. Foundations of Anatomy and
Physiology. Edinburgh and London: E & S. Livingstone LTD.
https://www.google.co.id/search?q=system+pencernaan+manusia&client=ms-
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hWBe7wKHXy-CBMQ_AUICygB#imgrc=mvtalvQKk6imzM%3A
Digestive system
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