IB Math SL Review

Functions and Equations

This worksheet is not required, and it will not be graded. A question from this topic will appear on the quiz on
§2.1-2.3. Answers, but not worked out solutions, will appear on my web site. We will not be working on them in
class.
2.1 Concept of function f : x ! f (x). Domain, range; image (value). Composite functions. Identity function. Inverse function f –1.
2.2 The graph of a function; its equation y = f (x). Function graphing skills. Investigation of key features of graphs, such as maximum
and minimum values, intercepts, horizontal and vertical asymptotes, symmetry, and consideration of domain and range. Use of
technology to graph a variety of functions, including ones not specifically mentioned. The graph of y = f –1(x) as the reflection in
the line y = x of the graph of
y = f (x). Note the difference in the command terms “draw” and “sketch”.
2.3 Transformations of graphs. Translations: y = f (x) + b; y = f (x – a). Reflections (in both axes):
y = –f (x); y = f (–x). Vertical stretch with scale factor p: y = pf (x). Stretch in the x-direction with scale factor 1 : y = f (qx).
q

Composite transformations. Note: translation by vector æ 3ö denotes horizontal shift of 3 units right and vertical shift of 2 down.
ç ÷
è -2 ø
2.4 The quadratic function x ! ax + bx + c: its graph, y-intercept (0, c). Axis of symmetry. The form x ! a(x – p)(x – q), x-intercepts
2

(p, 0) and (q, 0). The form x ! a(x – h) + k, vertex (h, k). Candidates are expected to be able to change from one form to another.
2

2.5 The reciprocal function x ! 1 , x ≠ 0: its graph and self-inverse nature. The rational function ax +b and its graph. Vertical and
x!
x cx + d
horizontal asymptotes. Diagrams should include all asymptotes and intercepts.
2.6 Exponential functions and their graphs: x ! a , a > 0, x ! e . Logarithmic functions and their graphs:
x x
x ! log a x , x > 0, x ! ln x,
x > 0. Relationships between these functions: a = e ; log a x = x; aloga x = x , x > 0.
x x ln a

a
2.7 Solving equations, both graphically and analytically. Solutions may be referred to as roots of equations or zeros of functions. Use of
technology to solve a variety of equations, incl. those where there is no appropriate analytic approach. Solving ax + bx + c = 0, 2

a ≠ 0. The quadratic formula. The discriminant ∆ = b – 4ac and the nature of the roots, that is, two distinct real roots, two equal real
2

roots, no real roots. Solving exponential equations.

2.8 Applications of graphing skills and solving equations that relate to real-life situations.

1. (no calculator) The function f is given by f (x) = 1n ( x - 2) . Find the domain of the function.

x
2. (no calculator) Let f (x) = e–x, and g (x) = , x ¹ –1. Find
1+ x
(a) f –1 (x); (b) (g ° f ) (x).

3. (calculator allowed) Solve the equation ex = 5 – 2x, giving your answer correct to four significant
figures.

4. (no calculator) The diagram represents the graph of the function f : x ! (x – p)(x – q).
y

– 12 2 x

(a) Write down the values of p and q.

(b) The function has a minimum value at the point C. Find the x-coordinate of C.
5. (no calculator) Consider the function f (x) = 2x2 – 8x + 5.
(a) Express f (x) in the form a (x – p)2 + q, where a, p, q Î .
I y II y
(b) Find the minimum value of f (x).
4 2
2
6. (no calculator) The quadratic equation 4x + 4kx + 9 = 0, k > 0 has exactly one solution
1 for x.
2
Find the value of k. 1 1 3
x
–p – –p –p p –p
2 –1 2 2
x
7. (no calculator) Three of the following diagrams–p I, II,1 III, IV represent
– –p
2
1
–p
2
p the
3
–p
2
graphs of –2
(a) y = 3 + cos 2x (b) y = 3 cos (x + 2) (c) y = 2 cos x + 3.
Identify which diagram represents which graph.
y y
I y II y III IV
3
5
4 2 2
4

1 1
3
2 x
x
1 1 3 2
–p 1
– –p 1
–p p 3 –p
–p – –p –p p –p
2 2 2 2 2 2
–1 1
x
–p 1
– –p 1
–p p 3
–p x
–2
2 2 2 1 1 3
–p – –p –p p –p
–3 2 2 2

y y
8. III (calculator
3
allowed) A group
IV of ten leopards is introduced into a game park. After t years the
5
0.4t
number
2 of leopards, N, is modelled by N = 10 e .
4
(a) How
1
many leopards are there after 2 years?
3
(b) How long will itx take for the number of leopards to reach 100?
1 2
–p –Give
–p
2 your–p12 answers
p 3
2to an appropriate degree of accuracy.
–p
1

x
9. (no calculator) Find the
–p
exact
1
– –p
value–p
1 of xpin each
3
–p
of the following equations.
–3
x+1 2 2 2
(a) 5 = 625 (b) loga (3x + 5) = 2

16
10. (calculator allowed) Consider the function f (x) = + 8, x ¹ 10.
x - 10
(a) Write down the equation of
(i) the vertical asymptote; (ii) the horizontal asymptote.
(b) Find the
(i) y-intercept; (ii) x-intercept.
(c) Sketch the graph of f , clearly showing the above information.
16
(d) Let g (x) = , x ¹ 0.
x
The graph of g is transformed into the graph of f using two transformations.
æ10 ö
The first is a translation with vector çç ÷÷. Give a full geometric description of the second
è0ø
transformation.

11. (no calculator) f (x) = 4 sin æç 3x + p ö÷.

è 2ø
For what values of k will the equation f (x) = k have no solutions?