DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Ahluwalia AI, Bedi VS, Indrajit IK, Souza DJ. 2003. Evaluation and management
of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int. J. Diab. Dev.
Countries. 23 : 61–5.

American Diabetes Association (ADA). 2003. Peripheral arterial disease in

diabetes. Diabetes Care. 12 (26) : 3333–41.

_______. 2004. Peripheral arterial disease in diabetes. In : Diabetes &

Cardiovascular Disease Review. American Diabetes Association. Issue 6.

American Heart Association (AHA). 2004. Peripheral arterial disease—statistics.

www.americanheart.org. 14 September 2009.

_______. 2009. Diabetes mellitus.

http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4546 . 14 Desember
2009.

Bistok Sihombing. 2008. Prevalensi penyakit arteri perifer pada populasi penyakit
diabetes melitus di puskesmas kota medan.
http://library.usu.ac.id/index.php/component/journals/index.php?option=com
_journal_review&id=9870&task=view. 14 Desember 2009.

Colorado Prevention Center. 2009. Ankle-brachial index.

http://www.coloradopreventioncenter.org/clinical-research/equip/site-
quality/ankle-brachial-index.html. 25 Desember 2009.

Dono A, Dasnan I. 2006. Penyakit arteri perifer. Dalam : Aru WS, Bambang S,
Idrus A, Marcellus SK, Siti S (Penyunting). Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam.
Edisi ke-4. Jakarta : Pusat Penerbitan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK-
UI. h. 1688.

Doobay AV, Anand SS. 2005. Sensitivity and specificity of the ankle–brachial
index to predict future cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 25 : 1463-9.

Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM. 2005. Gray’s anatomy for student.
Philadelphia : Elsevier Inc. p.579-580, 590, 592, 594, 673, 735, 740.

56
 57

Eason SL, Petersen NJ, Suarez–Almazor M, Davis B, Collins TC. 2005. Diabetes
mellitus, smoking, and the risk for asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease :
whom should we screen? J Am Board Fam Pract. 18 : 355–61.

Em Yunir, Suharko Soebardi. 2006. Terapi non farmakologi pada diabetes

melitus. Dalam : Aru WS, Bambang S, Idrus A, Marcellus SK, Siti S
(Penyunting). Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam. Edisi ke-4. Jakarta : Pusat
Penerbitan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK-UI. h.1887.

Gregg EW, Sorlie P, Paulose-Ram R, Qiuping Gu, Eberhardt MS, et al. 2004.
Prevalence of lower-extremity disease in the U.S. adult population ≥ 40 years
of age with and without diabetes. Diabetes Care. 27 (7) : 1591–7.

Grenon SM, Gagnon J, York Hsiang. 2009. Ankle–brachial index for assessment
of peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med. 361:e40.

Hallett Jr JW. 2008. Peripheral arterial disease. In : The Merck Manual Online
Medical Library. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec07/ch080/ch080f.html.
20 Agustus 2009.

Harris MI, Flegal KM, Cowie CC, et al. 1998. Prevalence of diabetes, impaired
fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The Third
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Diabetes
Care. 21 (4) : 518–24.

Hiatt WR. 2001. Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease and claudication.
N Engl J Med. 344 (21) : 1608-21.

_______. 2006. Pathophysiology of intermittent claudication in peripheral arterial

disease. Cardiology Rounds. 10 (1).

Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D. 2001. Peripheral arterial disease

detection, awereness, and treatment in primary care. JAMA. 286 (11) :
1317–24.

Hughes S. 2008. Ankle-brachial index improves CV risk prediction.

http://canadiancpd.medscape.com/viewarticle/577282. 13 Juli 2009.

Irwin ML, Yasui Y, Ulrich CM, Bowen D, Rudolph RE, et al. 2003. ffect of
exercise on total and intra-abdominal body fat in postmenopausal women: a
randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 289(3) : 323-30.
 58

JAMA. 2009. Glossary of methodologic terms. http://jama.ama-

assn.org/misc/auinst_term.dtl. 16 November 2009.

Jude EB, Oyibo SO, Chalmers N, Boulton AJ. 2001. Peripheral arterial disease in
diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 24 (8) : 1433–7.

Jue Li, Buaijiaer Hasimu, Jinming Yu, Jing Wang, Dayi Hu. 2006. Prevalence of
peripheral arterial disease and risk factors for the low and high ankle-brachial
index in chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Health Science. 52
(2) : 97–102.

Khammash MR, Obeidat KA, El-Qarqas EA. 2008. Screening of hospitalised

diabetic patients for lower limb ischemia : is it necessary. Singapore Med J.
49 (2) : 110–3.

Khan NA, Rahim SA, Anand SS, Simel DL, Panju A. 2006. Does the clinical
examination predict lower extremity peripheral arterial disease?. JAMA. 295
(5): 536–46.

Lemeshow S, Hormer DW, Klar J, Iwaga SK. 1992. Statistical methods for
sample size determination. In : WHO. Adequancy of sample size in health
study. Chichester : John Willey & Sons.

Levin ME, Sicard GA, Rubin BG. 1997. Peripheral vascular disease in the
diabetic patient. In : D Porte, RS Sherwin. Ellenberg & rifkin’s diabetes
mellitus. Stamford : Appleton & Lange. p. 1127-58.

Lilly LS, Ramos Y. 2007. Peripheral arterial disease. In : L.S. Lilly (Ed.).
Pathophysiology of heart disease a collaborative project of medical students
and faculty. 4th Ed. USA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 356-9.

Maiti R, Agrawal NJ. 2007. Atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus : role of

inflammation. Indian J Med Sci. 61 : 292-306.

Migliacci R, Nasorri R, Ricciarini P, Gresele P. 2008. Ankle-brachial index

measured by palpation for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease. Family
Practice. 25 : 228–32.
 59

Mostaza JM, Suarez C, Manzano L, Cairols M, López-Fernández F, Aguilar I, et

al. 2008. Sub-clinical vascular disease in type 2 diabetic subjects: relationship
with chronic complications of diabetes and the presence of cardiovascular
disease risk factors. Eur J Intern Med.19 (4) : 255-60.

Murtopo F. 2005. Korelasi gambaran color doppler arteri ekstremitas bawah dan
arteri karotis pada penderita stroke iskemik di RSUPN-CM Tahun 2004-
2005. Tesis. Jakarta.

NHLBI (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute). 2008. Peripheral arterial
disease. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/pad/pad_what.html.
26 Agustus 2009.

Norman PE, Davis WA, Bruce DG, Davis TME. 2006. Peripheral arterial disease
and risk of cardiac death in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 29 (3) : 575-80.

PERKENI. 2006. Konsensus pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2

di Indonesia 2006. Jakarta : PB PERKENI.

Parks R. 2007. Ankle-brachial index test. http://www.webmd.com/heart-

disease/ankle-brachial-index-test. 17 September 2009.

Pittman L. 2003. Mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus.

Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Powers CA. 2008. Diabetes mellitus. In : DL Kasper, AS Fauci, DL Longo, E

Braunwald, SL Hauser, JL Jameson (Eds). Harrison’s principles of internal
medicine. 17th Ed. USA : The McGraw–Hill Companies, Inc. p. 2275.

Pusponegoro HD, Wirya IGNW, Pudjiadi AH, Bisanto J, Zulkarnain SZ. 2002.
Uji diagnostik. Dalam : Sastroasmoro S., Ismael S. (Penyunting). Dasar-
dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Edisi ke-2. Jakarta : Bagian Ilmu
Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.

Raden Ayu TK, Wayan W, Made B, Anwar S. 2009. Risks for peripheral arterial
disease in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus : their correlation with
high sensitivity c-reactive protein and ankle-brachial index. E-journal Of
Biomedics-Unud. 3 (2).
 60

Redberg RF, Greenland P, Fuster V, Pyorola K, Blair SN, et al. 2002. Prevention
conference VI: diabetes and cardiovascular disease writing group III: risk
assessment in persons with diabetes. Circulation. 105:e144-e152.

Sarwono W. 2006. Komplikasi kronik diabetes : mekanisme terjadinya, diagnosis

dan strategi pengelolaan. Dalam : Aru WS, Bambang S, Idrus A, Marcellus
SK, Siti S (Penyunting). Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam. Edisi ke-4. Jakarta :
Pusat Penerbitan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK-UI. h. 1906-10.

Shen R, Wiegers SE, Glaser R. 2008. The evaluation of cardiac and peripheral
arterial disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. In : BJ Goldstein, D Müller-
Wieland (Eds). Type 2 diabetes principles and practice. 2nd ed. New York :
Informa Healthcare Inc. p. 447-50.

Slamet Suyono. 2006. Diabetes melitus di indonesia. Dalam : Aru WS, Bambang
S, Idrus A, Marcellus SK, Siti S (Penyunting). Buku ajar ilmu penyakit
dalam. Edisi ke-4. Jakarta : Pusat Penerbitan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit
Dalam FK-UI. h. 1876.

Society of Vascular Surgery. 2009. Ankle-brachial index.

http://www.vascularweb.org/patients/NorthPoint/Ankle_Blood_Pressure_Me
asurement_ABI.html. 13 Agustus 2009.

Sophia Utami. 2006. Gambaran ultrasonografi duplex penyakit arteri perifer pada
penyandang diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan ankle brachial index (ABI)
normal. Laporan. Jakarta : UI.

Vascular Disease Foundation. 2008. ABI.

http://www.vdf.org/diseaseinfo/pad/anklebrachial.php. 2 Desember 2009.

Voter SR, Peters AL. 2009. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - A Review.

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766143-overview. 6 Agustus 2009.

Walters DP, Gatling W, Mullee MA, Hill RD. 1992. The prevalence, detection,
and epidemiological correlates of peripheral vascular disease : a comparison
of diabetic and non–diabetic subjects in an English community. Diabet Med.
9 : 710–5.

Weatherley BD, Nelson JJ, Heiss G, Chambless LE, Sharrett AR, et al. 2007. The
association of the ankle-brachial index with incident coronary heart disease:
the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study, 1987–2001. BMC
Cardiovascular Disorders. 7 (3).
 61

World Health Organization. 2006. Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

and intermediate hyperglycemia : report of a WHO / IDF consultation.
Geneva : WHO Press. p. 5.

_______. 2009. Country and regional data.

http://www.who.int/diabetes/facts/world_figures/en/index.html.
4 Desember 2008.

_______. 2009. Country and regional data.

http://www.who.int/diabetes/facts/world_figures/en/index5.html.
4 Desember 2008

Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. 2004. Global prevalence of

diabetes estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care.
27 (5) : 1047–53.