SEMESTER 2

APPLIED MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER – MAY 2018

N.B:- (1) Question no. 1 is compulsory.

(2) Attempt any 3 questions from remaining five questions.

∞ 𝟐
Q.1.(a) Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝟓−𝟒𝒙 𝒅𝒙 [3]

∞ 𝟐
Ans: Let I = ∫𝟎 𝟓−𝟒𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟐
put 𝟓−𝟒𝒙 = 𝒆−𝒕
taking log on both sides,
4𝒙𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 = 𝒕
𝒕 √𝒕
𝒙𝟐 = => 𝒙=
𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟐√𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟓

diff. w.r.t x,
𝒕−𝟏/𝟐
𝒅𝒙 = 𝒅𝒕 lim⟶[ 0, ∞ ]
𝟒√𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟓

∞ 𝒆−𝒕
∴ I = ∫𝟎 𝒕−𝟏/𝟐
𝟒√𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓

𝟏 ∞
∴I=
𝟒√𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓
∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒕 . 𝒕−𝟏/𝟐 dt

√𝝅 ∞
∴I= ………..{ ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒕 . 𝒕−𝟏/𝟐 𝒅𝒕=√𝝅 }
𝟒√𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓

𝒅𝒚
(b) Solve = 𝒙. 𝒚 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 help of Euler’s method ,given that y(0)=1 and find
𝒅𝒙

y when x=0.3 [3]

(Take h=0.1)

𝒅𝒚
Ans : = 𝒙. 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎 , 𝒚𝟎 = 𝟏
𝒅𝒙

𝒚𝒏 = 𝒚𝒏−𝟏 + 𝒉. 𝒇(𝒙𝒏−𝟏, 𝒚𝒏−𝟏 )

Iteration (n) 𝒙𝒏 𝒚𝒏 f(𝒙𝒏 , 𝒚𝒏 ) 𝒚𝒏+𝟏
= 𝒚𝒏
+ 𝒉. 𝐟(𝒙𝒏 , 𝒚𝒏 )
0 0 1 0 1
1 0.1 1 0.1 1.01
2 0.2 1.01 0.202 1.0302

∴y(0.3)=1.0302
𝒅𝟒 𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚
(c) Evaluate +2 + y=0 [3]
𝒅𝒙𝟒 𝒅𝒙𝟐
𝒅
Ans: put =D
𝒅𝒙

∴ 𝑫𝟒 𝒚 + 𝟐𝑫𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒚 = 𝟎
∴ 𝑫𝟒 + 𝟐𝑫𝟐 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
Put 𝑫𝟐 = 𝒕
=> 𝒕𝟐 + 𝟐𝒕 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
=> 𝒕 = −𝟏, −𝟏
Roots are : D=+i,-i,+i,-i
The complementary solution of given eqn is
𝒚𝒄 = 𝒚𝒈 = (𝑪𝟏 + 𝒙𝑪𝟐 )𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + (𝑪𝟑 +𝒙𝑪𝟒 )𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙

𝟏
(d) Evaluate ∫𝟎 √√𝒙 − 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 [3]

𝟏
Ans : Let I = ∫𝟎 √√𝒙 − 𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝟏
I = ∫𝟎 √(√𝒙 − √𝒙. √𝒙 𝒅𝒙

Take √𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒐𝒏 ,
𝟏
I =∫𝟎 𝒙𝟏/𝟒 √𝟏 − 𝒙𝟏/𝟐 dx

Put 𝒙𝟏/𝟐 = t
Squaring both sides,
2
 ∴ 𝒙 = 𝒕𝟐
Differentiate w.r.t x,
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐𝒕. 𝒅𝒕
Limits after substitution : Lim ⟶[ 0,1 ]
𝟏
∴ I = ∫𝟎 𝒕𝟏/𝟐 √𝟏 − 𝒕 . 2.t dt
𝟏
= 2 ∫𝟎 𝒕𝟑/𝟐 √𝟏 − 𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏
= 2 𝜷( , ) ……{ ∫𝟎 𝒕𝒎 . (𝟏 − 𝒕)𝒏 = 𝜷(𝒎 + 𝟏, 𝒏 + 𝟏) }
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅
∴I=
𝟖
𝑥
(e) Solve: (1+log x.y)dx + (1+ )dy = 0 [4]
𝑦

Ans : Compare given eqn with Mdx+Ndy=0

𝒙
∴ M = (1+log x.y) ∴ N =1+
𝒚

𝝏𝑴 𝟏 𝟏 𝝏𝑵 𝟏
= 𝒙= =
𝝏𝒚 𝒙𝒚 𝒚 𝝏𝒙 𝒚

𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
=
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

Hence the given differential eqn is exact.

The solution of exact differential eqn is given by,
𝝏
∫ 𝑴𝒅𝒙 + ∫(𝑵 − 𝝏𝒚 ∫ 𝑴𝒅𝒙) 𝒅𝒚 = 𝒄 -------------------(1)

∫ 𝑴𝒅𝒙 = ∫(𝟏 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙𝒚) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙𝒚. 𝒙 − 𝒙 = 𝒙. 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙𝒚

𝝏 𝒙
𝝏𝒚
∫ 𝑴𝒅𝒙 = 𝒚
𝝏 𝒙 𝒙
∫(𝑵 − 𝝏𝒚 ∫ 𝑴𝒅𝒙) dy = ∫ (𝟏 + 𝒚 − 𝒚) 𝒅𝒚 = 𝒚

From eqn (1), the solution of given differential eqn is ,

x.log xy + y = c

𝟏 √𝟏+𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙.𝒅𝒚
(f) Evaluate I = ∫𝟎 ∫𝟎 [4]
𝟏+𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐

3
 𝟏 √𝟏+𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙.𝒅𝒚
Ans : I = ∫𝟎 ∫𝟎
𝟏+𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐

I = ∫𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
[𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏
𝒚
]√𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 dx
√𝟏+𝒙𝟐 √𝟏+𝒙𝟐 𝟎
𝟏𝝅 𝟏
∴ I = ∫𝟎 dx
𝟒 √𝟏+𝒙𝟐

𝝅 𝟏
∴I= [𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒙 + √𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) ]
𝟒 𝟎
𝝅
∴I= 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝟏 + √𝟐)
𝟒

𝒅𝒚
Q.2. (a) Solve xy(1+x𝒚𝟐 ) =𝟏 [6]
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙
Ans: ∴ = 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑
𝒅𝒚

𝟏 𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝟏
∴ - 𝒚 = 𝒚𝟑 Now, put − = 𝒗
𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚 𝒙 𝒙

𝒅𝒗 𝟏 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒗
∴ + 𝒗𝒚 = 𝒚𝟑 ……………………( = )
𝒅𝒚 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚

This is linear differential eqn.

𝒚𝟐
∴ Integrating Factor=𝒆∫ 𝒚𝒅𝒚 = 𝒆 𝟐

The solution of linear diff. eqn is given by,

𝒗.(I.F.) = ∫(𝑰. 𝑭. )(𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺) + c
𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟐
𝒗 𝒆 = ∫ 𝒆 .𝒚𝟑 dy + c
𝟐 𝟐

𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟐
𝟏
- 𝒆 = 𝒆 (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐) + c
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙

Where c is constant of integration.

(b) Find the area inside the circle r=a sin𝜽 and outside the cardioide
r=a(1+cos𝜽 ) [6]

Ans : Intersection of cardioide and circle is,

r=a(1+cos𝜽) and r=asin𝜽

4
 r=asin𝜃 y a

2a 2a x

r=a(1+cos𝜃)

asin𝜽 = a(1+cos𝜽) => 𝜽 = 𝟗𝟎°

a(1+cos𝜽) ≤ r ≤ asin𝜽
𝝅
≤ 𝜽≤ 𝝅
𝟐

Area of region bounded by given circle and cardioide ,

𝝅 𝒂(𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽)
I = ∫𝝅 ∫𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒓 𝒅𝒓𝒅𝜽
𝟐

𝝅 𝒂𝟐
= ∫𝝅 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏 − 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽) d𝜽
𝟐 𝟐

𝝅 𝒂𝟐
= ∫𝝅 (−𝟏 − 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽) d𝜽
𝟐 𝟐

𝒂𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝜽 𝝅
= [ -𝜽 − 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 − ] 𝝅
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝒂𝟐 𝝅
I = [ (-𝝅 − 𝟎 − 𝟎) - (- − 𝟐 − 𝟎) ]
𝟐 𝟐

𝒂𝟐 𝝅
Required area is = I = (2 - )
𝟐 𝟐

(c) Apply Rungee-Kutta Method of fourth order to find an approximate value

𝒅𝒚
of y when x=0.2 given that = 𝒙 + 𝒚 when y=1 at x=0 with step size
𝒅𝒙
h=0.2. [8]
𝒅𝒚
Ans: =𝒙+𝒚 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎 , 𝒚𝟎 = 𝟏 , h= 0.2
𝒅𝒙

f(x,y)= x + y
𝒌𝟏 = h.f(𝒙𝟎, 𝒚𝟎 ) = 0.2 f(0,1) = 0.2
𝒉 𝒌𝟏
𝒌𝟐 = h.f(𝒙𝟎 + , 𝒚𝟎 + ) = 0.2 f(0.1,1.1) = 0.24
𝟐 𝟐

5
 𝒉 𝒌𝟐
𝒌𝟑 = h.f(𝒙𝟎 + ,𝒚𝟎 + ) = 𝟎. 𝟐𝒇(𝟎. 𝟏, 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐) = 0.244
𝟐 𝟐

𝒌𝟒 = h.f(𝒙𝟎 + 𝒉, 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒌𝟑 ) = 0.2 f(0.2,1.244) = 0.2888

𝒌𝟏 +𝟐𝒌𝟐 +𝟐𝒌𝟑 +𝒌𝟒 𝟎.𝟐𝟒+𝟎.𝟒𝟖+𝟎.𝟒𝟖𝟖+𝟎.𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟖
k= = = 0.2428
𝟔 𝟔

The value of y at x=0.2 is given by,

y(0.2) = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒌 = 1+ 0.2428
y(0.2) = 1.2428

Q.3 (a) Show that the length of curve 9a𝒚𝟐 =𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟑𝒂)𝟐 𝒊𝒔 𝟒√𝟑a. [6]
Ans : Curve : 9a𝒚𝟐 =𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟑𝒂)𝟐 ………… (1)
The given curve is strophoid.

(0,0) (3a,0) x

Differentiate eqn (1) w.r.t x,

𝒅𝒚
18a𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟑𝒂) + (𝒙 − 𝟑𝒂)𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
∴ 18𝒂𝒚 = 𝟑(𝒙 − 𝟑𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒂)
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚 (𝒙−𝟑𝒂)(𝒙−𝒂)
∴ =
𝒅𝒙 𝟔𝒂𝒚

Squaring both the sides,

𝒅𝒚 (𝒙−𝟑𝒂)𝟐 (𝒙−𝒂)𝟐
( )𝟐 =
𝒅𝒙 𝟑𝟔 𝒂𝟐 𝒚𝟐

𝒅𝒚 (𝒙−𝟑𝒂)𝟐 (𝒙−𝒂)𝟐
∴ ( )𝟐 = ……………… from (1)
𝒅𝒙 𝟒𝒂 𝒙 (𝒙−𝟑𝒂)𝟐

𝒅𝒚 (𝒙−𝒂)𝟐
∴ ( )𝟐 =
𝒅𝒙 𝟒𝒂𝒙

The perimeter of given curve is ,

6
 𝟑𝒂 𝒅𝒚 𝟑𝒂 (𝒙−𝒂)𝟐 𝟑𝒂 (𝒙+𝒂)𝟐
S =∫𝟎 √𝟏 + ( )𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 √𝟏 + 𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 √ 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝟒𝒂𝒙 𝟒𝒂𝒙

𝟑𝒂 𝒙+𝒂
∴ S = ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙
𝟐 √ 𝒙√ 𝒂
𝟏 𝟑𝒂 𝒙+𝒂
∴S= ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝟐√ 𝒂 𝟎 √𝒙

𝟏 𝟐 𝒙 √𝒙 𝟑𝒂
= [ + 2√𝒙 ]
𝟐√𝒂 𝟑 𝟎
𝟏 𝟐 𝒂√𝟑𝒂
= ( + 2√𝟑𝒂 )
𝟐√𝒂 𝟏

∴ S = 2√𝟑 ---------------- ( Half curve length)

∴ The total length of given curve = 2 S = 4 √𝟑 units.

𝟏 𝟏+√𝟏−𝒚𝟐
(b) Change the order of integration of ∫𝟎 ∫−√𝟐𝒚−𝒚𝟐 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚. [6]

𝟏 𝟏+√𝟏−𝒚𝟐
Ans : Let I = ∫𝟎 ∫−√𝟐𝒚−𝒚𝟐 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚

Region of integration : −√𝟐𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏 + √𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐

𝟎≤𝒚≤ 1

Curves : (i) 𝒙 = −√𝟐𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 => 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝐲 => 𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏

Circle with centre (0,1) and radius 1.

(ii) 𝒙 = 𝟏 + √𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 => (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏

Circle with centre (1,0) and radius 1.
(iii) 𝒚 = 𝟎 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒊. 𝒆 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔.
(iv) 𝒚 = 𝟏 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔.

𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏

y=1

R1 R2

(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏

7
 Divide the region R into R1 and R2
∴ R = R1 ∪ R2
After changing the order of integration ,

For region R1 : 𝟎 ≤ 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏 − √𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐
𝟎≤𝒙≤𝟏

For region R2 : 0 ≤ 𝒚 ≤ √𝟏 − (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐

𝟏≤𝒙≤𝟐
As the region is divided in two parts the integration will be the union of the two
region limits.
𝟏 𝟏−√𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝟐 √𝟏−(𝒙−𝟏)𝟐
I = ∫𝟎 ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + ∫𝟏 ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙

This is the integration after changing order from dx dy to dy dx

of given integration region.

(c) Find the volume of the paraboloid 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4z cut off by the plane 𝒛 = 𝟒
[8]
Ans: Paraboloid : 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒛 Plane : 𝒛 = 𝟒
z

𝒛=𝟒

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒛
y

Cartesian coordinate cylindrical coordinates

8
 (𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) (𝒓, 𝜽, 𝒛)
Put 𝒙 = 𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 , 𝒚 = 𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 , 𝒛 = 𝒛 ∴ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
∴ Paraboloid : 𝒓𝟐 = 𝟒𝒛 and Plane : z = 4
If we are passing one arrow parallel to z axis from –ve to +ve we will get limits of z
𝒓𝟐
∴ ≤𝒛≤𝟒
𝟒

𝟎≤𝒓≤𝟒
𝝅
0≤𝜽≤
𝟐

Volume of given paraboloid cut off by the plane is given by ,

𝝅
𝟒 𝟒
𝑽 = 𝟒 ∫𝟎 ∫𝟎 ∫𝒓𝟐 𝒓 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝜽 𝒅𝒛
𝟐

𝝅
𝟒 𝒓𝟒
𝟒
=𝟒 ∫𝟎 ∫𝟎 [
𝟐 𝟒𝒓 − ] 𝒓𝟐 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝜽
𝟏𝟔
𝟒
𝝅
𝟒 𝒓𝟑
= 𝟒 ∫𝟎 ∫𝟎 ( 𝟒𝒓 −
𝟐 ) 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝜽
𝟒
𝝅
𝒓𝟒 𝟒
= 𝟒 ∫𝟎 [ 𝟐 𝒓𝟐 −
𝟐 ] 𝐝𝛉
𝟏𝟔 𝟎
𝝅
= 𝟒 ∫𝟎 (𝟑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔) 𝐝𝛉
𝟐

𝑽 = 𝟑𝟐 𝝅 cubic units

𝟏 𝒙𝒂 −𝟏
Q.4 (a) Show that ∫𝟎 dx = log (a+1) [6]
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
𝟏 𝒙𝒂 −𝟏
Ans : let I = ∫𝟎 dx
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙

Taking ‘a’ as parameter ,

𝟏 𝒙𝒂 −𝟏
I(a) = ∫𝟎 dx -------- (1)
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙

differentiate w.r.t a ,
𝒅𝑰(𝒂) 𝒅 𝟏 𝒙𝒂 −𝟏
= ∫ dx
𝒅𝒂 𝒅𝒂 𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙

𝒅𝑰(𝒂) 𝟏 𝝏 𝒙𝒂 −𝟏
∴ = ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 ………{ D.U.I.S f(x)}
𝒅𝒂 𝝏𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙

9
 𝒅𝑰(𝒂) 𝟏 𝒙𝒂 .𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝒂
∴ = ∫𝟎 dx ………{ = 𝒙𝒂 . 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 }
𝒅𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝒅𝒂

𝒅𝑰(𝒂) 𝟏
∴ = ∫𝟎 𝒙𝒂 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒂

𝒅𝑰(𝒂) 𝒙𝒂+𝟏 𝟏
∴ =[ ]
𝒅𝒂 𝒂+𝟏 𝟎
𝒅𝑰(𝒂) 𝟏
∴ = −𝟎
𝒅𝒂 𝒂+𝟏
𝒅𝑰(𝒂) 𝟏
∴ =
𝒅𝒂 𝒂+𝟏

now , integrate w.r.t a,

𝟏
I(a) = ∫ 𝒅𝒂
𝒂+𝟏

I(a) = log (a+1) + c -------- (2)

where c is constant of integration
put a=0 in eqn (1),
𝟏
I(0) = ∫𝟎 𝟎 𝒅𝒙 = 0

And
From eqn (2), I(0)= c
∴c=0
∴ I = log(a+1) Hence proved.

𝒅𝒚
(b) If 𝒚 satisfies the equation = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝟏 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎, 𝒚𝟎 = 𝟏 using
𝒅𝒙
Taylor’s Series Method find 𝒚 𝒂𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟏 (take h=0.1). [6]
𝒅𝒚
Ans : = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝟏 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎, 𝒚𝟎 = 𝟏 , 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟏
𝒅𝒙

To find : 𝒚(𝟎. 𝟏)
𝒚 ′ = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝟏 , 𝒚′𝟎 = −𝟏
𝒚′′ = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚′ + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 , 𝒚′′
𝟎 = 𝟎

𝒚′′′ = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚′′ + 𝟐𝒚′ 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝒙 𝒚′ , 𝒚′′′

𝟎 =𝟐

Taylor’s series is :

10
 𝒉𝟐 𝒉𝟑
𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒉. 𝒚′𝟎 + 𝒚′′
𝟎 + 𝒚′′′
𝟎 +⋯
𝟐! 𝟑!

(𝟎.𝟏)𝟑
∴ 𝒚(𝟎. 𝟏) = 𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟏(−𝟏) + 𝟎 + (𝟐)
𝟑!

∴ 𝒚(𝟎. 𝟏) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟑

𝟏 𝒙𝟐
(c) Find the value of the integral ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 using (i)Trapezoidal rule (ii)
𝟏+𝒙𝟑

Simpson’s (𝟏/𝟑)𝒓𝒅 rule (iii)Simpson’s (𝟑/𝟖)𝒕𝒉 rule. [8]

𝟏 𝒙𝟐
Ans : Let I = ∫𝟎 dx
𝟏+𝒙𝟑

a=0 , b=1
𝒃−𝒂 𝟏
Dividing limits into 4 parts i.e n=4 ∴h= = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
𝒏 𝟒

𝒙𝟎 =0 𝒙𝟏 =0.25 𝒙𝟐 =0.50 𝒙𝟑 =0.75 𝒙𝟒 =1.0

𝒚𝟎 =0 𝒚𝟏 =0.06153 𝒚𝟐 =0.2222 𝒚𝟑 =0.39560 𝒚𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟓

𝒉
(i) Trapezoidal rule : I = [ 𝑿 + 𝟐𝑹] -----------------(1)
𝟐

𝑿 = 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 = 𝒚𝟎 +𝒚𝟒 = 𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟓

𝑹 = 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 = 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟑
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟏𝟓𝟑 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟔𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟗𝟑𝟑
𝟎.𝟐𝟓
I= (𝟎. 𝟓 + 𝟐(𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟔𝟎)) ……………….(from 1)
𝟐

∴ I = 0.2323
(ii) Simpson’s (𝟏/𝟑)𝒓𝒅 rule :
𝒉
I = [ 𝑿 + 𝟐𝑬 + 𝟒𝑶 ] ---------------(2)
𝟑

𝑿 = 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 = 𝒚𝟎 +𝒚𝟒 = 𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟓

𝑬 = 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 = 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝑶 = 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒅𝒅 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 = 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟏𝟓𝟑 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟔𝟎 =
𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟑
𝟎.𝟐𝟓
I= (𝟎. 𝟓 + 𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟒 × 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟑) ……………(from 2)
𝟑

∴ I = 0.23108
11
 (iii) Simpson’s (𝟑/𝟖)𝒕𝒉 rule :
𝟑𝒉
I= [ 𝑿 + 𝟐𝑻 + 𝟑𝑹 ] -------------(3)
𝟖

𝑿 = 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 = 𝒚𝟎 +𝒚𝟒 = 𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟓

𝑻 = 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 = 𝒚𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟔𝟎
𝑹 = 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 = 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟏𝟓𝟑 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟕𝟑
𝟑×𝟎.𝟐𝟓
I= (𝟎. 𝟓 + 𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟔𝟎 + 𝟑 × 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟕𝟑)
𝟖

∴ I = 0.2008

Q. 5 (a). Solve (𝒚 − 𝒙𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 − (𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 [6]

Ans : (𝒚 − 𝒙𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 − (𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 -----------------------(1)
Comparing the given eqn with M dx +N dy = 0
∴ M = (𝒚 − 𝒙𝒚𝟐 ) ∴ N = −(𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚)
𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
= 𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 = −(𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚)
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
≠
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

The given differential eqn is not exact diff. eqn.

But the given diff . eqn is in the form of 𝒚. 𝒇(𝒙𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙𝒇(𝒙𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Integrating factor = I.F. = = =
𝑴𝒙−𝑵𝒚 𝒙𝒚−𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 +𝒙𝒚+𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝟐𝒙𝒚

Multiply the I.F. to eqn (1)

𝟏 𝒚 𝟏 𝒙
(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐) 𝒅𝒙 − (𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐) 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝟏 𝒚 𝟏 𝒙
∴ 𝑴𝟏 = ( − ) 𝑵𝟏 = − ( + )
𝟐𝒙 𝟐 𝟐𝒚 𝟐

𝟏 𝒚 𝟏 𝒙𝒚
∫ 𝑴𝟏 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐) 𝒅𝒙 = (𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙) −
𝟐 𝟐
𝝏 −𝒙
𝝏𝒚
∫ 𝑴𝟏 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐

𝝏 −𝟏 −𝟏
∫[ 𝑵𝟏 − 𝝏𝒚 ∫ 𝑴𝟏 𝒅𝒙 ]𝒅𝒚 = ∫ 𝟐𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟐
(𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒚)

The solution of given diff. eqn is given by,

12
 𝝏
∫ 𝑴𝟏 𝒅𝒙 + ∫[ 𝑵𝟏 − 𝝏𝒚 ∫ 𝑴𝟏 𝒅𝒙 ]𝒅𝒚 = 𝒄
𝟏 𝒙𝒚 𝟏
∴ (𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙) − − (𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒚) = 𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

√𝒙 𝒙𝒚
∴ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 ( )− =𝒄
√𝒚 𝟐

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
(b) Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ √𝟏 − 𝟐 − 𝟐 − 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒛 over the ellipsoid 𝟐 + +
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝟐 𝒂 𝒃𝟐

𝒛𝟐
= 𝟏. [8]
𝒄𝟐
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐
Ans : Ellipsoid : 𝟐
+ 𝟐
+
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝟐

z
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐
𝒂𝟐
+ 𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟏

Cartesian coordinates spherical coordinate system

(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) (𝒓, 𝜽, ∅)
Put 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ∅ , 𝒚 = 𝒃 𝒓 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 ∅ , 𝒛 = 𝒄 𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒛 = 𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒓𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝜽 𝒅∅
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐
∴ 𝟐
+ 𝟐
+ = 𝒓𝟐
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝟐

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) = √𝟏 − 𝟐
− 𝟐
− = √𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐 = 𝒇(𝒓, 𝜽, ∅)
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝟐

Limits : 𝟎≤𝒓≤𝟏
𝝅
𝟎≤𝜽≤
𝟐
𝝅
𝟎≤∅≤
𝟐

13
 ∴ I = 𝟖 ∫ ∫ ∫ √𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐 𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒓𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝜽 𝒅∅
𝝅 𝝅
𝒓
= 𝟖 ∫𝟎 ∫𝟎 ∫𝟎 √𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐 𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒓𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝜽 𝒅∅
𝟐 𝟐

𝝅 𝝅
𝒓
= 𝟖 𝒂𝒃𝒄 ∫𝟎𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒅𝜽 ∫𝟎𝟐 𝒅∅ ∫𝟎 √𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝟐 𝒅𝒓
𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
= 𝟖 𝒂𝒃𝒄 [−𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽] 𝟐 [ ∅ ] 𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕. 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒕. 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕 𝒅𝒕 ---------{ put r = sint}
𝟐

𝟎 𝟎
𝝅 𝝅
= 𝟖 𝒂𝒃𝒄 ( ) ( ) …………{ usi𝜷 𝒇𝒏 }
𝟐 𝟖

𝝅𝟐
∴I = (𝒂𝒃𝒄)
𝟒

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
(c) Evaluate (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 = 𝟔𝒙 [8]
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
Ans : (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 𝟐
− 𝟐(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 = 𝟔𝒙 …………(1)
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒆𝒛 −𝟏
Put (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) = 𝒆𝒛 => 𝒙=
𝟐
𝒅𝒛 𝟐 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒛 𝒅𝒚 𝟐 𝒅
= but = = 𝟐 = Dy where D=
𝒅𝒙 (𝟐𝒙+𝟏) 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒛 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒛 (𝟐𝒙+𝟏) 𝒅𝒛

𝒅𝒚
∴ (2x+1) = 𝟐 𝑫𝒚
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝟐 𝒚
∴ (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐 𝑫 (𝑫 − 𝟏)𝒚
𝒅𝒙𝟐

From (1),
𝒆𝒛 −𝟏
𝟒𝑫(𝑫 − 𝟏)𝒚 − 𝟒 𝑫𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 = 𝟔( )
𝟐

(𝟒 𝑫𝟐 − 𝟖𝑫 − 𝟏𝟐)𝒚 = 𝟑(𝒆𝒛 − 𝟏)
For complementary solution ,
(𝟒 𝑫𝟐 − 𝟖𝑫 − 𝟏𝟐) = 𝟎
∴ 𝑫 = −𝟏, 𝟑
∴ 𝒚𝒄 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆−𝒛 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆𝟑𝒛
For particular integral ,
𝟏
𝒚𝒑 = 𝑿
𝒇(𝑫)

14
 𝟏
𝒚𝒑 = (𝟑(𝒆𝒛 − 𝟏))
𝟒𝑫𝟐 −𝟖𝑫−𝟏𝟐
𝟑 𝟏
∴ 𝒚𝒑 = (𝒆𝒛 − 𝟏) put D = a = 1 and D = a = 0
𝟒 𝑫𝟐 −𝟐𝑫−𝟑
𝟑 𝟏 𝒆𝒛
∴ 𝒚𝒑 = ( − )
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒

The general solution of given differential eqn is ,

𝟑 𝟏 𝒆𝒛
∴ 𝒚𝒈 = 𝒚𝒄 + 𝒚𝒑 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆−𝒛 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆𝟑𝒛 + ( − )
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒

Resubstituting 𝒛 ,
𝟑 𝟏 (𝟐𝒙+𝟏)
∴ 𝒚𝒈 = 𝒄𝟏 (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)−𝟏 + 𝒄𝟐 (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟑 + ( − )
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒

Q.6.(a) A resistance of 100 ohms and inductance of 0.5 henries are connected
in series With a battery of 20 volts. Find the current at any instant if
𝒅𝒊
the relation between L,R,E is L + 𝑹𝒊 = 𝑬. [6]
𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒊
Ans : L + 𝑹𝒊 = 𝑬
𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒊 𝑹𝒊 𝑬
∴ + =
𝒅𝒕 𝑳 𝑳

Solution is given by ,
𝑹 𝑹
)𝒅𝒕 )𝒅𝒕 𝑬
𝒊. 𝒆∫( 𝑳 = ∫ 𝒆∫( 𝑳 . 𝒅𝒕 + 𝒄
𝑳

𝑬 𝒆(𝑹𝒕/𝑳)
∴ 𝒊. 𝒆(𝑹𝒕/𝑳) = +𝒄
𝑹
𝑬
At t=0, i=0 ∴c=-
𝑹

𝑬 𝒆(𝑹𝒕/𝑳) −𝑬
∴ 𝒊. 𝒆(𝑹𝒕/𝑳) = +
𝑳 𝑹
𝑬
∴𝒊 = (𝟏 − 𝒆−(𝑹𝒕/𝑳) )
𝑹

For given condition R = 100, L = 0.5, E = 20

∴ 𝒊 = 𝟎. 𝟐(𝟏 − 𝒆−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒕 )

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 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒙
(b) Solve by variation of parameter method 𝟐 +𝟑 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝒆𝒆 .
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
[6]
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒙
Ans : +𝟑 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝒆𝒆
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒅
Put D = ∴ 𝑫𝟐 𝒚 + 𝟑𝑫𝒚 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙

For complementary solution,

f(D)=0
∴ 𝑫𝟐 + 𝟑𝑫 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
𝑫 = −𝟏 , −𝟐
∴ 𝒚𝒄 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆−𝒙 +𝒄𝟐 𝒆−𝟐𝒙
Particular integral is given by ,
−𝒚𝟐 𝑿
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒚𝟏 𝒑 𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒑 𝟐 where 𝒑𝟏 = ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒘
𝒚𝟏 𝑿
𝒑𝟐 = ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒘
𝒚𝟏 𝒚𝟐
𝒘 = | 𝒚′ 𝒚′𝟐 |
𝟏
−𝒙
∴ 𝒘 = | 𝒆 −𝒙 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 | = −𝒆−𝟑𝒙
−𝒆 −𝟐𝒆−𝟐𝒙
𝒙
𝒆−𝟐𝒙 .𝒆𝒆 𝒙 𝒙
𝒑𝟏 = ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒆𝒆 . 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒆𝒕 𝒅𝒕 = 𝒆𝒆 ……{ put 𝒆𝒙 = 𝒕 => 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒅𝒕}
𝒆−𝟑𝒙
𝒆−𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝒑𝟐 = ∫ −𝟑𝒙 . 𝒆𝒆 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒆𝒆 . 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒕. 𝒆𝒕 𝒅𝒕 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒆𝒆 − 𝒆𝒆
−𝒆
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
∴ 𝒚𝒑 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒆𝒆 − (𝒆𝒙 𝒆𝒆 − 𝒆𝒆 ). 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 = 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 . 𝒆𝒆
The general solution of given differential eqn is given by ,
𝒙
𝒚𝒈 = 𝒚𝒄 + 𝒚𝒑 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆−𝒙 +𝒄𝟐 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 + 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 . 𝒆𝒆

(c) Evaluate ∫ ∫ 𝒙𝒚(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚 over the region bounded by 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟒, 𝒚 =

𝟎, 𝒙 = 𝟏 and 𝒙 = 𝟒 [8]
Ans : Let I = ∫ ∫ 𝒙𝒚(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
Rectangular hyperbola : 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟒 Lines : 𝒙 = 𝟏 , 𝒙 = 𝟒 , 𝒚 = 𝟎
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Intersection of line 𝒙 = 𝟏 and 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟒 is (1,4).
Intersection of line 𝒙 = 𝟒 and 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟒 is (4,1)

y x=1 x=4

xy=4

𝒙
∴ 𝟎≤𝒚≤
𝟒

𝟏≤𝒙≤𝟒
𝒙
𝟒
∴I= ∫𝟏 ∫𝟎𝟒( 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒙𝒚)𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙
𝑥
𝟒 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙
= ∫𝟏 [ 𝒙𝟐 − ] 4 𝐝𝐱
𝟐 𝟐 0
𝟒 𝟖
= ∫𝟏 (𝟖 − ) 𝒅𝒙
𝒙
𝟒
= [ 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟖𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 ] 𝟏

∴ I = 𝟖(𝟑 − 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐)

17