Theory Assignment 02

Deadline 07 May,19

(1) Introduction to C-language

C- language is a general-purpose high-level language which was developed by Dennis Ritchie
for Unix operating system. It was used in computer in 1972 for the very first time. C is basically
a procedural programming language to write operating system. The main features of C induce
access to memory, simple set of keywords, and clean style, these features make C language
suitable for system programming like operating system or compiler development. Many later
languages have borrowed syntax directly or indirectly from C language. C++ is nearly a
superset of C language (There are few programs that may compile in C, but not in C++).

(2) Benefits of C-language

As a middle level language, C combines the features of both high level and low-level
languages. It can be used for low-level programming, such as scripting for drivers and it also
supports functions of high-level programming languages, such as scripting for software
applications etc. C is a structured programming language which allows a complex program
to be broken into simpler programs called functions. It also allows free movement of data
across these functions. C language is case-sensitive. C is a general-purpose programming
language and can efficiently work on enterprise applications, games, graphics, and
applications requiring calculations. C language has a rich library which provides a number
of built-in functions.

(3) Comparison of C & Java

C is a Procedural Programming Language. Java is Object-Oriented language.

C is more procedure-oriented. Java is more data-oriented.

C is a middle-level language because Java is a high-level language because

binding of the gaps takes place between translation of code takes place into
machine level language and high-level machine language using compiler or
languages. interpreter.

C generally breaks down to functions. Java breaks down to Objects.

C supports pointers. Java does not support pointers.

It is not portable. It is portable.

(4) Input and Output Ports
A connection point that act as a connection bridge between computer and external devices
like mouse, keyboard, USB etc. is called a port. There are two types of ports
 Internal port- It connects mother-board to internal devices like hard-disk drive, CD
drive, etc.
 External port- It connects the motherboard to external devices like modem, mouse,
printer, flash drives, etc.

(5) Exe file

Exe is a file extension for an executable file format. An executable is a file that contains a
program - that is, a particular kind of file that is capable of being executed or run as a program
in the computer. An executable file can be run by a program in Microsoft DOS or Windows
through a command or a double click. A file whose name ends in ".exe" is really a program
that when opened causes the operating system to run the program.

(6) Buses (data buses)

A data bus is a system within a computer or device, consisting of a connector or set of wires,
that provides transportation for data. Different kinds of data buses have evolved along with
personal computers and other pieces of hardware. In general, a data bus is broadly defined.
The first standard for the data bus was 32-bit, whereas newer data bus systems can handle
much greater amounts of data. A data bus can transfer data to and from the memory of a
computer, or into or out of the central processing unit (CPU) that acts as the device's "engine."
A data bus can also transfer information between two computers Data buses are fundamental
tools for helping facilitate all of the data transfer that allows so much on-demand data
transmission in consumer and other systems.

(7) Data Server

A data server (DS) is a software program/platform used to provide database services like
storing, processing and securing data. These database services are consumed by other
software programs or components. Sometimes the computer hardware, where the database
is running, is also referred to as a database server. Therefore, the data server can be seen as
the combination of software and hardware platform that runs the installed database and
provides relevant services. Some of the widely used database servers include Oracle, SQL
Server and DB2 etc.

(8) Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer program or a machine to think and learn.
It is also a field of study which tries to make computers "smart". They work on their own
without being encoded with commands. John McCarthy came up with the name "artificial
intelligence" in 1955. In general use, the term "artificial intelligence" means a machine which
mimics human cognition. At least some of the things we associate with other minds, such
as learning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the same way as
we do. An ideal (perfect) intelligent machine is a flexible agent which perceives its
environment and takes actions to maximize its chance of success at some goal or objective.
(9) Smart Phone
A smartphone is a cell phone that allows you to do more than make phone calls and send text
messages. Smartphones can browse the Internet and run software programs like a computer.
Smartphones use a touch screen to allow users to interact with them. There are thousands of
smartphones apps including games, personal-use, and business-use programs that can all run
on the phone. A smartphone is expected to have a more powerful CPU, more storage space,
more RAM, greater connectivity options and larger screen than a regular cell phone.

(10) Super Computers

A supercomputer is the fastest computer in the world that can process a significant amount
of data very quickly. The computing Performance of a "supercomputer" is measured very high
as compared to a general-purpose computer. The computing Performance of a
supercomputer is measured in FLOPS (that is floating-point operations per second) instead of
MIPS. The supercomputer consists of tens of thousands of processors which can perform
billions and trillions of calculations per second, or you can say that supercomputers can
deliver up to nearly a hundred quadrillion of FLOPS.

The End