Assignment 11 Solutions

Networks and systems

October 13, 2017

1. If the voltage across an inductor of inductance 1H for t ≥ 0 is vL (t) = r(t)

and the initial current in the inductor is iL (0− ) = 1A then find the current
i(t) through the inductor?
Solution : A
d
v(t) = L i(t) =⇒ V (s) = L(sI(s) − I(0))
dt
1
V (s) = 2
s
1
= sI(s) − 1
s2
1 1
I(s) = 3 + =⇒ i(t) = (1 + 0.5t2 )u(t)
s s

2. For the circuit shown below, the switch is closed at t = 0. What is the
Laplace transform of the current signal i2 (t) ?

Solution : D

At t = 0− , the right part of the circuit is open and hence no current flows
through the inductor on the right. But as the left part of the circuit is in

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 steady state, the inductor on the left is essentially a short circuit and a
current of 4A flows through it.
For t = 0+ , replacing each element in the given circuit with its correspond-
ing Laplace transform, we get the circuit below.

In the left part of the above circuit, the two current sources of equal
magnitude but opposite direction cancel each other and hence the left
part has essentially no current source.
Removing these two current sources from the left part and replacing the
current source and resistor on the right part with an equivalent voltage
source and resistor(using Thevenin’s theorem), we get the circuit shown
below.

Applying KVL along with the mutual inductance relation for the currents
through the inductors, we get the following two equations,

(2s + 2)I1 (s) = sI2 (s)

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2(s + 1)I2 (s) − sI1 (s) =
s
Solving for I2 (s), we get

8(s + 1) 8(s + 1)
I2 (s) = =
2
s(3s + 8s + 4) 3s(s + 32 )(s + 2)

3. For the circuit shown below, the switch is closed at t = 0. What is the
current signal i2 (t) ?

Solution : B
By partial fraction expansion of the solution of the previous question,

2
 2 1 1
I2 (s) = − 2 −
s s+ 3
s+2
2t
⇒ i2 (t) = (2 − e− 3 − e−2t )u(t)

4. For the following circuit, find Laplace transform of the current flowing in
the 6 ohm resistor i, as indicated. The switch is closed at t = 0.

Solution : D
Using the initial conditions we get the following equivalent circuit.

Writing loop equations we get

 10    
s +2 = 5+s −s − 2 Io (s)
−2 −s − 2 8+s I(s)

Solving these equations we get

4s + 20
I(s) =
9s(s + 4)
5. For the following circuit, find the current flowing in the 6-ohm resistor, i,
as a function of time. The switch is closed at t = 0
Solution : D

i(t) = L−1 (I(s))

 
4s + 20
= L−1
9s(s + 4)
 
5 1
= L−1 −
9s 9(s + 4)
 
5 1 −4t
= − e u(t)
9 9

6. If the transfer function of a system H(s) = s2s+1 then find the forced
response for the input et (Hint: Use eigen function property).
Solution : D

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 Response to et is H(1)et

7. If the circuit shown below is given i as input. If vC (0− ) = 2 then the

voltage across the capacitor at t = 2s is closest to?

i(t)
+
i(t) in A

2Ω 0.5F vC (t)
1
−

1 t in s

Solution : C

1 − e−s
i(t) = u(t) − u(t − 1) =⇒ L[i(t)] =
s
dvC
i(t) = iR (t) + iC (t) =⇒ + vC (t) = 2i(t)
dt
2 vC (0− )
sVC (s) − vC (0− ) + VC (s) = 2I(s) =⇒ VC (s) = I(s) +
s+1 s+1
−(t−1) −1
vC (t) = 2u(t) − 2[1 − e ]u(t − 1) =⇒ vC (2) = 2e = 0.72V

8. In the circuit below vC (0− ) = 1 V , iL (0− ) = 2 A and v(t) = u(t) V .Then

vC (1) is closest to
1.5Ω 0.5H i (t)
L

+ 1F
v(t) vC (t)
−

Solution : A

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 Using the voltage source model for the Inductor and current source model
for the capacitor we get
s2 + 5s + 2 1 2 −2
VC (s) = = + +
s(s + 1)(s + 2) s s+1 s+2
=⇒ vC (t) = (1 + 2e−t − 2e−2t )u(t)
=⇒ vC (1) = 1.46V

9. In the circuit below i(t) = δ(t) , iL (0− ) = 1 A and vC (0− ) = 1 V .Then

vC (1) is closest to

1Ω

i(t)
+

1Ω 1F vC (t) 1H

−
iL (t)

Solution : D
Writing the nodal equations we get

(s + 2)VC (s) − VL (s) = 2

s+1 1
−VC (s) + VL (s) = −
s s
Solving the above set of equations we get

2(s + 1) − 1
VC (s) =
(s + 1)2 + 1
2(s + 1) 1
= −
(s + 1)2 + 1 (s + 1)2 + 1
vc (t) = e−t [2 cos(t) − sin(t)]u(t)
=⇒ vC (1) = e−1 [2 cos(1c ) − sin(1c )]
≈ e−1 [2 cos(57◦ ) − sin(57◦ )] ≈ 0.1

10. In the circuit below i(t) = δ(t) , iL (0− ) = 1 A and vC (0− ) = 1 V .Then
vL (2) is closest to
Solution : C

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By solving the nodal equations above we also get that

s+1 3
VL (s) = −
(s + 1)2 + 1 (s + 1)2 + 1
vL (t) = e−t [cos(t) − 3 sin(t)]u(t)
vL (2) ≈ e−2 [cos(2 ∗ 57◦ ) − 3 sin(2 ∗ 57◦ )] ≈ −0.42