18. The shaded square of the lattice shown has area 1.

What is the X

MT
UK
area of the circle through the points X, Y and Z?

UK
MT
9π 25π Y
A B 8π C D 25π E 50π
2 2
Z UKMT

19. How many prime numbers p are there such that 199p + 1 is a perfect square? UK SENIOR MATHEMATICAL CHALLENGE

A 0 B 1 C 2 D 4 E 8 Thursday 6 November 2008

Organised by the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust
20. The diagram shows four semicircles symmetrically
placed between two circles. The shaded circle has area 4 and supported by
and each semicircle has area 18. What is the area of the
outer circle?
A 72 2 B 100 C 98 D 96 E 32 3

RULES AND GUIDELINES (to be read before starting)

2008 1 1. Do not open the question paper until the invigilator tells you to do so.
21. The fraction may be written in the form a + where a, b, c and d
1998 1 2. Use B or HB pencil only. Mark at most one of the options A, B, C, D, E on the
b +
1 Answer Sheet for each question. Do not mark more than one option.
c +
d 3. Time allowed: 90 minutes.
are positive integers. What is the value of d ? No answers or personal details may be entered on the Answer Sheet after the 90
A 2 B 4 C 5 D 199 E 1998 minutes are over.
4. The use of rough paper is allowed.
22. A pentagon is made by attaching an equilateral triangle to a Calculators, measuring instruments and squared paper are forbidden.
square with the same edge length. Four such pentagons are placed 5. Candidates must be full-time students at secondary school or FE college, and must
inside a rectangle, as shown. be in Year 13 or below (England & Wales); S6 or below (Scotland); Year 14 or
What is the ratio of the length of the rectangle to its width? below (Northern Ireland).
A 3:1 B 2:1 C 2:1 D 3:2 E 4: 3 6. There are twenty-five questions. Each question is followed by five options marked
A, B, C, D, E. Only one of these is correct. Enter the letter A-E corresponding to
the correct answer in the corresponding box on the Answer Sheet.
23. How many pairs of real numbers (x, y) satisfy the equation 7. Scoring rules: all candidates start out with 25 marks;
(x + y)2 = (x + 3) (y − 3) ? 0 marks are awarded for each question left unanswered;
A 0 B 1 C 2 D 4 E infinitely many 4 marks are awarded for each correct answer;
1 mark is deducted for each incorrect answer.
24. The length of the hypotenuse of a particular right-angled triangle is given by 8. Guessing: Remember that there is a penalty for wrong answers. Note also that
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + … + 25. The lengths of the other two sides are given by later questions are deliberately intended to be harder than earlier questions. You
1 + 3 + 5 + … + x and 1 + 3 + 5 + … + y where x and y are positive integers. are thus advised to concentrate first on solving as many as possible of the first 15-
What is the value of x + y? 20 questions. Only then should you try later questions.
A 12 B 17 C 24 D 28 E 32 The United Kingdom Mathematics Trust is a Registered Charity.
25. What is the area of the polygon formed by all points (x, y) in the plane satisfying http://www.ukmt.org.uk
the inequality ||x| − 2| + ||y| − 2| ≤ 4 ?
A 24 B 32 C 64 D 96 E 112
1. What is the value of 2 × 2008 + 2008 × 8 ? 9. What is the remainder when the 2008-digit number 222 ... 22 is divided by 9?
A 4016 B 16064 C 20080 D 64256 E 80020 A 8 B 6 C 4 D 2 E 0

2. A giant thresher shark weighing 1250 pounds, believed to be the heaviest ever 1 1
10. Which one of the following rational numbers cannot be expressed as + where
caught, was landed by fisherman Roger Nowell off the Cornish coast in November m n
2007. The fish was sold by auction at Newlyn Fish Market for £255. Roughly, what m, n are different positive integers?
was the cost per pound? 3 3 3 3 3
A B C D E
A 5p B 20p C 50p D £2 E £5 4 5 6 7 8

1 1 11. The distance between two neighbouring dots in the dot lattice
3. What is the value of 6
+ 2? is 1 unit. What, in square units, is the area of the region
2 6 where the two rectangles overlap?
1 1 1 5 7
A B C D E
10 9 3 24 24 A6 B 6 14 C 6 12 D 7 E 712

4. In this subtraction, P, Q, R and S are digits. What is the value of 8 Q 0 S

P + Q + R + S? 12. Mr and Mrs Stevens were married on a Saturday in July 1948. On what day of the
− P 0 R 2
week did their diamond wedding anniversary fall this year?
A 12 B 14 C 16 D 18 E 20 2 0 0 8
A Monday B Tuesday C Thursday D Friday E Saturday
5. 200 T-shirts have been bought for a Fun Run at a cost of £400 plus VAT at 1712 %.
13. Positive integers m and n are such that 2m + 2n = 1280. What is the value of m + n?
The cost of entry for the run is £5 per person. What is the minimum number of
entries needed in order to cover the total cost of the T-shirts? A 14 B 16 C 18 D 32 E 640
A 40 B 47 C 80 D 84 E 94 14. Five touching circles each have radius 1 and their centres are at
the vertices of a regular pentagon. What is the radius of the circle Q P
6. It is required to shade at least one of the six small squares in the through the points of contact P, Q, R, S and T ?
diagram on the right so that the resulting figure has exactly one R T
A tan 18° B tan 36° C tan 45° D tan 54° E tan72° S
axis of symmetry. In how many different ways can this be done?
A 6 B 9 C 10 D 12 E 15
15. A sequence of positive integers t 1, t 2, t 3, t 4, … is defined by:
7. A newspaper headline read ‘Welsh tortoise recaptured 1.8 miles from home after t 1 = 13; t n + 1 = 12 t n if t n is even; t n + 1 = 3t n + 1 if t n is odd.
8 months on the run’. Assuming the tortoise travelled in a straight line, roughly What is the value of t 2008?
how many minutes did the tortoise take on average to ‘run’ one foot?
A 1 B 2 C 4 D 8 E None of these.
[1 mile = 5280 feet]
A 3 B 9 C 16 D 36 E 60 16. The numbers x, y and z satisfy the equations
x + y + 2z = 850, x + 2y + z = 950, 2x + y + z = 1200.
8. In the figure shown, AB = AF and ABC, A
AFD, BFE and CDE are all straight lines. B What is their mean?
F
Which of the following expressions gives z in 1000
terms of x and y? A 250 B C 750 D 1000 E More information is needed.
x° y° z° 3
C D E
y − x x y − x x 17. Andy and his younger cousin Alice both have their birthdays today. Remarkably,
A B y − C D y − E y − x Andy is now the same age as the sum of the digits of the year of his birth and the
2 2 3 3 same is true of Alice. How many years older than Alice is Andy?
A 10 B 12 C 14 D 16 E 18