Aquaflow

HDPE Pressure Pipe Systems

SA’s leading producer of HDPE pipe

 SA’s leading producer of HDPE pipe

Sangio Pipe is a manufacturer and supplier of High and Low Density Polyethylene and
Polypropylene extruded pipe. Our products enjoy widespread acceptance in Civil
Engineering, Agricultural, Mining and Domestic applications.

Sangio Pipe is one of only 3 manufacturers countrywide who have been awarded SABS
accreditation for PE 100 pipe. There are even fewer who are able to provide the co-
extruded colour identification stripes in their product. These are two stripes set 45o
apart along the entire length of the pipe and colour coded to indicate pipe type. This
highly identifiable marking is a clear statement of total confidence in our product and
is also of direct benefit to contractors. Selection of pipes for loading in a yard, or
inspection of pipe in situ before trenches are closed, are made considerably easier by
means of this colour identification.

Our SABS/ISO accredited pipes are manufactured at our Cato Ridge factory near
Durban and we provide a countrywide delivery service through our competent sales
and distribution network.

Sangio Pipe employs in excess of 80 staff, predominantly from previously disadvantaged

backgrounds and we are committed to providing training and upliftment for our staff.

Contents
Aquaflow HDPE pressure pipe 2

Applications 2

Quality 2

Characteristics of HDPE pipe 3

Specifications 4

Product range 4

Pipe dimensions 5

Temperature/Pressure derating 6

Design guidelines 7

Codes of Practice 7

Flow/Friction loss chart 8

Chemical resistance tables 9

01
Aquaflow HDPE Pressure
Pipe Systems
High density polyethylene pipe has been used extensively around the world since
the 1950’s.The unique properties of High density polyethylene pipe have offered an
alternative to traditional material like steel and copper and also in non pressure
applications where clay and fibre cement pipes were used .

The material has been developed internationally from PE 80 to today's PE 100 material
which has shown a saving of approximately 30% on the wall thickness from the early
days of Polyethylene. This mass saving relates back to a cost saving and a better
performance as the internal diameter of the pipe is bigger. In many cases, because
of the excellent flow characteristics of Polyethylene, pipes could be down sized while
still performing within the expected parameters.

The pipes’ properties such as impact resistance and resistance to abrasion have
made HDPE pipe the obvious choice in the Mining and Industrial markets.

Piping made from polyethylene is a cost effective solution for a broad range of piping
applications in the municipal, industrial, marine, mining, landfill, duct and agricultural
industries. It has been tested and proven effective for above ground, surface, buried,
slip-lined, floating and sub-surface marine applications.

High-density polyethylene pipe (HDPE) can carry potable water, wastewater, slurries,
chemicals, hazardous wastes, and compressed gases. In fact, polyethylene pipe has
a long and distinguished history of service in the gas, oil, mining and other industries.
It has the lowest repair frequency per kilometer of pipe per year compared with all
other pressure pipe materials used for urban gas distribution.

Polyethylene is a strong, extremely tough, very durable product which offers long
service and trouble-free installation.

Applications
Aquaflow High Density Polyethylene pressure pipes are specified with confidence
in the following applications:

• Civil engineering. Water mains and reticulation systems

• Building. House connections and cold water reticulation systems
• Agriculture. Irrigation and water supply schemes
• Industrial. Sewer effluent control and water purification. Conveyance of chemicals
and water in most industrial plants
• Mining. Conveyance of water and air in underground operations. Used extensively
in treatment and recovery plants.

HDPE is generally used for high pressure applications ranging from 3.2 to 25 Bar,
in conjunction with compression, buttweld or electrofusion fittings. Aquaflow HDPE
piping conforms to the SABS ISO 4427: specification.

Quality
Aquaflow HDPE pipe is manufactured to the relevant SABS and international quality
specifications.

SA’s leading producer of HDPE pipe 02

 Characteristics of HDPE pipe

HDPE Material
Polyethylene pressure pipe systems product can often be done by hand
offer many advantages when compared allowing ease of installation in confined
to traditional products, namely: spaces and difficult terrain.

• Weather resistance in above

ground applications
High strength and flexibility
• Highly corrosion resistant HDPE material has a high degree of
• Ease of handling and installation, impact resistance and is robust and
exceptional toughness ductile. Pipes can bend quite easily
• Excellent abrasion resistance allowing for savings in design as less
• Manufactured in long lengths and critical angle changes can be made
coils
without bends. HDPE pipe can be laid
• Manufactured to internationally
across uneven surfaces and in narrow
accepted standards
trenches. Pipe can be joined outside
• Service performance in excess of
50 years of the trench before installation into the
trench. The ability to absorb pressure
surges makes the product superior to
Resistance to weather
other plastic pipe materials.
degradation
Even in sub zero temperatures HDPE
The high percentage of carbon black
can still perform to expectation.
in the formulation of the pipe raw
material enables HDPE pipe to resist
Resistance to abrasion
degradation by ultraviolet rays. The
Where very abrasive mediums have to
pipe is impervious to rain and wind
be transported HDPE has proved itself
conditions.
to be the pipe product of choice. HDPE
Chemical resistance outperforms traditional pipe materials
such as steel and steel with sacrificial
HDPE pipes are chemically inert but
layers (rubber lined steel).
there are some chemicals which could
affect the pipe. As the product is also The product is used extensively in mine
not electrically conductive, reactions tailings and washing plants.
cannot take place within the pipe and
affect its performance. Co-efficient of friction
The smooth internal surface of the pipe
HDPE has excellent corrosion
and the impermeability of HDPE allows
resistance and is virtually inert so it
a greater flow capacity and minimal
does not need expensive cathodic
friction loss. It has less drag and a lower
protection. It offers better resistance to
tendency for turbulance at high velocity.
corrosive acids, bases and salts than
Its superior chemical resistance and
most piping materials and also has
non-stick surface combines to eliminate
good resistance to many organic
scaling and pitting. This preserves the
substances such as solvents and fuels.
excellent hydraulic characteristics
Natural soil chemicals cannot degrade throughout the pipe’s service life.
the pipe in any way.
When designing pipelines, use the
Ease of handling Hazen-Williams C factor of 150 and an
n factor of 0.009, when using the
Conventional materials are much
Manning formula.
heavier than HDPE and will require
cranes and lifting gear. Handling of the

03
Specifications 4427

The SABS 533 specification has been superceded in part

by the adoption of the SABS ISO 4427 of 1996 for HDPE
pipe systems. Notes:
• The HDPE pipe dimensions and pressure classes in
The following table shows which specifications are currently the SABS ISO 4427 specification remain unchanged
applicable for LDPE and HDPE pipe systems: when compared to the SABS 533: Parts 2 and 3
specification, except where calculated in terms of
ISO 4065.
SANS 533:1982 SABS ISO 4427:1996 • The adoption of the ISO 4427 specification has resulted
and 1995
in the change of notation for HDPE piping from Types
Part 1: LDPE Type I - IV and V to PE 63 and 80. The 63, 80 and 100 refer
to various grades of HDPE polymer and their design
Part 2: HDPE Type IV PE 63 HDPE
stresses.
Part 3: HDPE Type V PE 80 HDPE • The SABS 533: Part 1 specification remains in force
and is applicable to LDPE systems only.
- PE 100 HDPE

Product range
HDPE PE 80 (Type V) is based on a design stress value HDPE PE 100 pipe is based on a design stress value of
of 6.3MPa, which results in the manufacturing of pipe with 8.0MPa, which results in an even thinner pipe wall thickness
a thinner wall, and consequently greater ID than the PE than PE 80 pipe due to the higher grade of material.
63 (Type IV) specification. This results in material savings
and improved flow characteristics.

PE 63 (Type IV) PE 80 (Type V) PE 100

Pressure classes PN 3.2, 4, 6.3, 8, 10, 12.5 and 16 PN 3.2, 4, 6.3, 8, 10, 12.5, 16 and 20 PN 4, 6.3, 8, 10, 12.5, 16, 20 and 25

Working pressures 320, 400, 630, 800, 1000, 320, 400, 630, 800, 1000, 400, 630, 800, 1000, 1250,
1250 & 1600 kPa 1250, 1600 & 2000 kPa 1600, 2000 & 2500 kPa

Design stress 5.0 MPa 6.3 MPa 8.0 MPa

Pipe size Pipe lengths

16 to 63mm 6m 9m 12m 30m 50m 100m

75 and 90m 6m 9m 12m 30m 50m 100m on request. Not standard

110mm to 1000mm 6m 9m 12m 24m on request only. Transport dependant

Jointing systems
HDPE pipes can be joined using the following methods:

Compression fittings Electrofusion and buttweld fittings

Size 16 to 160mm Size 20 to 800mm

Pressure PN 16 (16 to 110mm) Pressure31 PN 16

PN 10 (160mm)
Range Complete range of elbows,
Range Complete range of elbows, couplings and adaptors
couplings and flange adaptors
Takstubs and victaulic stubs
Stub flange and backing ring Size 63 to 315mm
Size 50 to mm Pressure PN 16 (Takstubs)
Drilling TD T10 to 16 PN 10 (Victaulic)
and ASA 150 Range Fitted to either coils or straight lengths

SA’s leading producer of HDPE pipe 04

Nominal Working Pressure HDS
(CLASS) PN 3.2 (CLASS) PN 4
5 mpa PE 63
Nominal Working Pressure HDS
(CLASS) PN 3.2 (CLASS) PN 4
6.3mpa PE 80
Nominal Working Pressure HDS
(CLASS) PN 4 (CLASS 5) PN 5 (CLASS 6) PN 6.3
8 mpa PE 100
Standard Diameter Ratio SDR 41 SDR 33 SDR 26
Mean Outside Ovality Outside
Norm Size Wall Thickness PipeID & Mass Wall Thickness Pipe ID & Mass Wall Thickness Pipe ID & Mass
Diameter Dameter
mm
Min Max Min Max Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m
16 16 16.3 15.55 16.75 Non SABS Specification
20 20 20.3 19.4 20.6
25 25 25.3 24.4 25.6
32 32 32.3 31.4 32.7 1.6 1.75 28.65 0.15
40 40 40.4 39.3 40.7 1.6 1.75 36.65 0.19
50 50 50.5 49.3 50.7 1.6 1.75 46.65 0.24 1.6 1.75 46.65 0.24 2.0 2.15 45.85 0.29
63 63 63.4 62.2 63.8 1.6 1.75 59.65 0.30 1.9 2.05 59.05 0.36 2.5 2.70 57.80 0.47
75 75 75.5 74.2 75.8 1.8 1.95 71.25 0.41 2.3 2.45 70.25 0.51 2.9 3.10 69.00 0.64
90 90 90.6 89.1 90.9 2.2 2.35 85.45 0.59 2.7 2.90 84.40 0.72 3.5 3.75 82.75 0.93
110 110 110.7 108.8 111.1 2.7 2.90 104.40 0.89 3.3 3.55 103.15 1.08 4.2 4.50 101.30 1.36
125 125 125.8 123.8 126.3 3.0 3.25 118.75 1.13 3.8 4.10 117.10 1.42 4.8 5.10 115.10 1.76
140 140 140.9 138.6 141.4 3.4 3.65 132.95 1.43 4.2 4.55 131.25 1.76 5.4 5.75 128.85 2.22
160 160 161.0 158.4 161.6 3.9 4.15 151.95 1.86 4.8 5.10 150.10 2.28 6.2 6.60 147.20 2.92
180 180 181.1 178.2 181.8 4.4 4.65 170.95 2.35 5.5 5.80 168.70 2.92 6.9 7.30 165.80 3.64
200 200 201.2 198.0 202.0 4.9 5.20 189.90 2.92 6.1 6.45 187.45 3.61 7.7 8.15 184.15 4.51
225 225 226.4 222.8 227.3 5.5 5.80 213.70 3.68 6.8 7.20 211.00 4.53 8.6 9.10 207.30 5.67
250 250 251.5 247.5 252.5 6.1 6.45 237.45 4.54 7.6 8.00 234.40 5.60 9.6 10.15 230.25 7.03
280 280 281.7 275.1 284.9 6.8 7.20 266.00 5.67 8.5 9.00 262.50 7.04 10.7 11.30 258.00 8.78
315 315 316.9 309.5 320.6 7.7 8.15 299.15 7.22 9.7 10.25 295.05 9.02 12.1 12.80 290.10 11.17
355 355 357.2 348.8 361.3 8.7 9.20 337.10 9.19 10.9 11.50 332.60 11.42 13.6 14.35 327.05 14.13
400 400 402.4 393.0 407.0 9.8 10.35 379.85 11.65 12.3 13.00 374.70 14.53 15.3 16.15 368.55 17.92
450 450 452.7 442.1 457.9 11.0 11.60 427.40 14.70 13.8 14.55 421.65 18.32 17.2 18.15 414.65 22.66
500 500 503.0 491.3 508.8 12.2 12.95 474.85 18.18 15.3 16.15 468.55 22.58 19.1 20.15 460.75 27.96
560 560 563.4 550.2 569.8 13.7 14.45 531.85 22.79 18.2 18.65 523.15 29.59 21.4 22.55 516.05 35.06
630 630 633.8 619.0 641.1 15.4 16.25 598.35 28.82 19.3 20.35 590.35 35.87 24.1 25.40 580.50 44.43
710 710 716.4 See Note 17.4 18.35 674.25 36.69 21.8 22.95 665.25 45.63 27.2 28.65 654.15 56.49
800 800 807.2 See Note 19.6 20.65 759.75 46.55 24.5 25.80 749.70 57.79 30.6 32.20 737.20 71.57
900 900 908.1 See Note 22 23.15 854.85 58.74 27.6 29.05 843.35 73.22 34.4 36.35 829.25 90.71
1000 1000 1009.0 See Note 24.5 25.80 949.70 72.71 30.6 32.05 937.35 89.99 38.2 40.20 921.60 111.70

Nominal Working Pressure HDS

(CLASS 6) PN 6.3 (CLASS) PN 8
5 mpa PE 63
Nominal Working Pressure HDS
(CLASS 6) PN 6.3 (CLASS) PN 8 (CLASS) PN 10
6.3mpa PE 80
Nominal Working Pressure HDS
(CLASS ) PN 8 (CLASS) PN 10 (CLASS) PN 12.5
8 mpa PE 100
Standard Diameter Ratio SDR 21 SDR 17 SDR 13.6
Mean Outside Ovality Outside
Norm Size Wall Thickness Pipe ID & Mass Wall Thickness Pipe ID & Mass Wall Thickness Pipe ID & Mass
Diameter Dameter
mm
Min Max Min Max Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m
16 16 16.3 15.55 16.75
20 20 20.3 19.4 20.6 1.6 1.75 16.65 0.09
25 25 25.3 24.4 25.6 1.6 1.8 21.65 0.12 2.0 2.15 20.85 0.14
32 32 32.3 31.4 32.7 1.7 1.8 28.50 0.16 2.0 2.2 27.85 0.18 2.4 2.60 27.00 0.22
40 40 40.4 39.3 40.7 2.0 2.2 35.85 0.23 2.4 2.6 35.00 0.28 3.0 3.25 33.75 0.34
50 50 50.5 49.3 50.7 2.4 2.6 45.00 0.35 3.0 3.2 43.80 0.43 3.7 3.95 42.35 0.52
63 63 63.4 62.2 63.8 3.0 3.2 56.80 0.55 3.8 4.1 55.15 0.69 4.7 5.00 53.30 0.84
75 75 75.5 74.2 75.8 3.6 3.9 67.55 0.79 4.5 4.8 65.70 0.97 5.6 5.95 63.45 1.19
90 90 90.6 89.1 90.9 4.3 4.6 81.10 1.13 5.4 5.8 78.85 1.40 6.7 7.10 76.20 1.70
110 110 110.7 108.8 111.1 5.3 5.7 99.05 1.70 6.6 7.0 96.40 2.08 8.1 8.60 93.30 2.52
125 125 125.8 123.8 126.3 6.0 6.4 112.65 2.18 7.4 7.9 109.75 2.65 9.2 9.75 106.05 3.25
140 140 140.9 138.6 141.4 6.7 7.1 126.20 2.72 8.3 8.8 122.90 3.33 10.3 10.90 118.80 4.07
160 160 161.0 158.4 161.6 7.7 8.2 144.15 3.57 9.5 10.1 140.45 4.35 11.8 12.45 135.75 5.32
180 180 181.1 178.2 181.8 8.6 9.1 162.30 4.49 10.7 11.3 158.00 5.51 13.3 14.05 152.65 6.75
200 200 201.2 198.0 202.0 9.6 10.2 180.25 5.57 11.9 12.6 175.55 6.81 14.7 15.50 169.80 8.28
225 225 226.4 222.8 227.3 10.8 11.4 202.80 7.04 13.4 14.2 197.45 8.63 16.6 17.50 190.90 10.51
250 250 251.5 247.5 252.5 11.9 12.6 225.55 8.62 14.8 15.6 219.60 10.58 18.4 19.40 212.20 12.95
280 280 281.7 275.1 284.9 13.4 14.2 252.45 10.88 16.6 17.5 245.90 13.30 20.6 21.70 237.70 16.24
315 315 316.9 309.5 320.6 15.0 15.8 284.20 13.68 18.7 19.7 276.60 16.84 23.2 24.45 267.35 20.57
355 355 357.2 348.8 361.3 16.9 17.8 320.30 17.37 21.1 22.3 311.65 21.43 26.1 27.50 301.40 26.09
400 400 402.4 393.0 407.0 19.1 20.2 360.75 22.14 23.7 25.0 351.35 27.10 29.4 30.95 339.65 33.10
450 450 452.7 442.1 457.9 21.5 22.7 405.85 28.01 26.7 28.1 395.25 34.31 33.1 34.85 382.05 41.92
500 500 503.0 491.3 508.8 23.9 25.2 450.95 34.58 29.7 31.3 439.05 42.44 36.8 38.80 424.40 51.81
560 560 563.4 550.2 569.8 26.7 28.2 505.15 43.32 33.2 35.0 491.85 53.15 41.2 43.35 475.45 64.91
630 630 633.8 619.0 641.1 30.0 31.6 568.45 54.69 37.4 39.4 553.25 67.33 46.3 48.70 535.00 82.06
710 710 716.4 See Note 33.9 35.7 640.45 69.64 42.1 44.3 623.60 85.43 52.2 54.90 602.90 104.25
800 800 807.2 See Note 38.1 40.1 721.80 88.23 47.4 49.9 702.75 108.35 58.8 61.80 679.40 132.28
900 900 908.1 See Note 42.9 45.1 812.00 111.70 53.3 56.1 790.65 137.07 66.2 69.60 764.20 167.56
1000 1000 1009.0 See Note 47.7 50.2 902.15 138.00 59.3 62.4 878.35 169.41 72.5 76.20 851.30 204.10
Nominal Working Pressure HDS
(CLASS) PN 10 (CLASS 12) PN 12.5 (CLASS) PN 16
5 mpa PE 63
Nominal Working Pressure HDS
(CLASS 12) PN 12.5 (CLASS) PN 16 (CLASS) PN 20
6.3mpa PE 80
Nominal Working Pressure HDS
(CLASS) PN 16 (CLASS) PN 20 (CLASS) PN 25
8 mpa PE 100
Standard Diameter Ratio SDR 11 SDR 9 SDR 7.4
Norm Mean Outside Ovality Outside
Wall Thickness Pipe ID & Mass Wall Thickness Pipe ID & Mass Wall Thickness Pipe ID & Mass
Size Diameter Dameter
mm Min Max Min Max Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m Min Max ID Kg/m
16 16 16.3 15.55 16.75 1.6 1.75 12.65 0.07 2.0 2.15 11.85 0.09 2.3 2.50 11.20 0.10
20 20 20.3 19.4 20.6 2.0 2.15 15.85 0.11 2.3 2.50 15.20 0.13 3.0 3.20 13.80 0.16
25 25 25.3 24.4 25.6 2.3 2.50 20.20 0.16 3.0 3.20 18.80 0.20 3.5 3.75 17.75 0.23
32 32 32.3 31.4 32.7 3.0 3.20 25.80 0.27 3.6 3.85 24.55 0.31 4.4 4.70 22.90 0.37
40 40 40.4 39.3 40.7 3.7 3.95 32.35 0.41 4.5 4.80 30.70 0.49 5.5 5.85 28.65 0.58
50 50 50.5 49.3 50.7 4.6 4.90 40.50 0.64 5.6 5.95 38.45 0.76 6.9 7.30 35.80 0.90
63 63 63.4 62.2 63.8 5.8 6.15 51.05 1.01 7.1 8.00 47.90 1.24 8.6 9.10 45.30 1.42
75 75 75.5 74.2 75.8 6.8 7.20 61.00 1.41 8.4 8.90 57.70 1.70 10.3 10.90 53.80 2.02
90 90 90.6 89.1 90.9 8.2 8.70 73.10 2.04 10.1 10.70 69.20 2.46 12.3 13.00 64.70 2.90
110 110 110.7 108.8 111.1 10.0 10.55 89.45 3.04 12.3 13.00 84.70 3.65 15.1 15.95 78.95 4.35
125 125 125.8 123.8 126.3 11.4 12.05 101.55 3.94 14.0 14.80 96.20 4.72 17.1 18.05 89.85 5.60
140 140 140.9 138.6 141.4 12.7 13.40 113.90 4.91 15.7 16.55 107.75 5.92 19.2 20.25 100.55 7.04
160 160 161.0 158.4 161.6 14.6 15.40 130.00 6.45 17.8 18.80 123.40 7.69 21.9 23.05 115.05 9.17
180 180 181.1 178.2 181.8 16.4 17.30 146.30 8.15 20.1 21.20 138.70 9.76 24.6 25.90 129.50 11.59
200 200 201.2 198.0 202.0 18.2 19.20 162.60 10.05 22.4 23.60 154.00 12.07 27.4 28.85 143.75 14.34
225 225 226.4 222.8 227.3 20.5 21.65 182.85 12.75 25.2 26.55 173.25 15.28 30.8 32.40 161.80 18.12
250 250 251.5 247.5 252.5 22.7 23.90 203.40 15.66 27.9 29.35 192.75 18.79 34.2 36.00 179.80 22.37
280 280 281.7 275.1 284.9 25.4 26.75 227.85 19.64 31.3 32.85 215.85 23.58 38.3 40.30 201.40 28.05
315 315 316.9 309.5 320.6 28.6 30.10 256.30 24.86 35.2 37.05 242.75 29.88 43.1 45.35 226.55 35.51
355 355 357.2 348.8 361.3 32.2 33.90 288.90 31.56 39.7 41.75 273.55 37.96 48.5 51.00 255.50 45.04
400 400 402.4 393.0 407.0 36.3 38.20 325.50 40.07 44.7 47.15 308.15 48.22 54.7 57.50 287.80 57.22
450 450 452.7 442.1 457.9 40.9 43.00 366.10 50.77 50.3 52.90 346.80 60.97 61.5 64.65 323.85 72.38
500 500 503.0 491.3 508.8 45.4 47.75 406.85 62.63 55.8 58.65 385.55 75.14
560 560 563.4 550.2 569.8 50.8 53.40 455.80 78.48 62.5 65.70 431.80 94.27
630 630 633.8 619.0 641.1 57.2 60.15 512.65 99.42 70.3 73.90 485.80 119.29
710 710 716.4 See Note 64.5 67.80 577.70 126.31 79.3 83.35 547.35 151.63
800 800 807.2 See Note 72.6 76.30 651.10 160.20 89.3 93.85 616.85 192.39
900 900 908.1 See Note 81.7 85.85 732.45 202.79
1000 1000 1009.0 See Note 90.2 94.80 815.00 248.95
 Design guidelines
Physical and mechanical properties

Physical properties Units HDPE

3
Density kg/m 0.958 x 103

Co-efficient of linear expansion K-1 16 x 10-5

Thermal conductivity at 20oC W/m/K 0.50

Specific heat J/kg/K 2.3 x 103

o
Softening point (Vicat) C 67

Flammability - Flammable

Mechanical properties Units HDPE

Tensile strength at yield MPa 26

Elongation at yield % 10

Modulus of elasticity MPa 900

Rockwell hardness (Shore) - 61

Dielectric strength kV/mm 70

Codes of Practice
Handling
Pipes manufactured in HDPE are strong, durable and easy-to-handle. In common
with most construction materials, they should nevertheless be handled with care
to avoid damage being caused to the pipes.

Storage
Pipes should be stored on level, flat ground, free of stones or sharp protrusions.
The height of the stacked pipe should not exceed 5 coils. Normal exposure to
direct sunlight during the contract will not damage the pipe.

Cutting
Carefully cut the pipe ends square using a fine-toothed hand saw. Remove burrs
and cutting debris.

Jointing
Compression fittings
Clean the pipe end, lightly lubricate both the interior of the fittings and the pipe
end. Slacken the nut and insert the pipe fully into the fitting. Tighten the nut -
hand tight and a quarter turn with a strap wrench or nut spanner. NOTE: Do not
overtighten. Overtightening may cause the assembly to leak.

Buttweld and Electrofusion fittings

Buttweld and electrofusion fittings have a separate set of jointing instructions. Ensure
that you obtain and follow the specific information when you purchase them.

07
Flow/friction loss chart
For use with PE 63, 80 and 100

A B C D
Inside Diameter Delivery Velocity Pressure Loss
mm /sec m/sec m/100m

Use of flow chart 1. Determine inside diameter: DIA - (2 x wall thickness)

110 - (2 x 10.0) = 90.0mm
Example: HDPE 110 Class 10 pipe,
2. Select the velocity: Say 1.0 metres per second
PE63 (Type IV)
3. Method: Place ruler on 90 in Column A and on 1.0 in
column C. The delivery and friction loss are read from
Columns B and D.

SA’s leading producer of HDPE pipe 08

 Chemical resistance table
The following chart rates the resistance of unplasticised applicable to all working conditions. Should there be any
polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene and two doubt about the behaviour of the pipe under specific
conditions, please contact the Technical Department.
commonly used rubber seal rings to various chemicals at
various concentrations and temperatures. The chart is Use the index below as a reference guide to the tables
intended as a guide only and should not be regarded as which follow.

Maximum permissible
temperatures (water)
Abbreviations Material Remarks
Constant Short Term
oC oC

Good resistance to most solutions of acids, alkalis and salts,

PVC-U Unplasticised 60 60 and to solvents miscible with water. Not resistant to aromatic
polyvinylchloride and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
PE Polyethylene 60 80 Good resistance to solutions of acids, alkalis and salts, as well
as to large numbers of organic solvents. Unsuitable for concentrated
(High Density) oxidising acids.
PP Polypropylene 90 110 Chemical resistance similar to that of PE, but suitable for higher
temperatures.

CR Chloroprene 80 110 Chemical resistance similar to that of PVC-U and between that
Rubber (Neoprene) of Nitrile and Butyl Rubber

NR Natural Rubber 70 110 Unsuitable with oil and oxidizing media.

Chemical Resistance
o
Medium Concentration C PVC-U PE PP NR CR
Acetic acid, aqueous Up to 25% 40 Ø
Up to 25% 60 Ø Ø
80% 40 Ø Ø Ø
80% 100 - - - - -
85% 80 - - Ø - -
85% 100 - - - - -
Ammonia water Warm saturated 40
Warm saturated 60 Ø
Warm saturated 80 - Ø Ø -
Saturated 100 - - Ø - Ø
Battery acid 60 Ø
Benzene Technically pure 20 - - - - -
Benzine (Petrol) Technically pure 60 - - -
Butane gaseous 50 % 20 -
Carbon dioxide, dry 100% 60
100% 80 - Ø -
Carbon monoxide 100% 60
Caustic soda solution Up to 40% 60
50 / 60% 60
Chlorine, gaseous, dry 100% 20 Ø Ø - -
Chlorine, liquid 20 - - - -
Chlorine water Saturated 20 Ø - - Ø -
Citric acid, aqueous Up to 10% 40
Up to 10% 60 Ø
Saturated 60 Ø
Coconut oil Technically pure 60 Ø Ø - Ø
Corn oil 20 Ø - Ø
Cyclohexanol Technically pure 20 - - Ø
Diesel Oil 60 Ø Ø Ø -
Ethyl alcohol, denatured (with 2% toluene) 95% 20 Ø Ø
Ethylene glycol Technically pure 20
Technically pure 60 Ø Ø
Fatty acids Technically pure 60 Ø Ø -
Formaldehyde, aqueous Diluted 40
Diluted 60
40% 60
Fruit juices Usual concentration 60
100 - Ø -
Fuel oil 20 Ø Ø Ø -
Hydrochloric acid, aqueous Up to 30% 40 -
Up to 30% 60 Ø -
Over 30% 20 - Ø
09 Over 30% 60 Ø - Ø
Chemical Resistance Table (continued)
Chemical Resistance
o
Medium Concentration C PVC-U PE PP NR CR
Hydrochloric acid, aqueous Over 30 % 80 - - - - Ø
Hydrogen 100 % 60
100 % 100 - - - -
Linseed oil Technically pure 80 Ø Ø Ø
Technically pure 100 - - - -
Lubricating oils Technically pure 20 - Ø -
Methyl alcohol Technically pure 40
Technically pure 60 Ø - Ø
Technically pure 65 - Ø Ø - Ø
Milk Usual commercial 20
Mixed acids 1 (sulphuric acid/nitric acid/water) 48 / 49 / 3 % 20 - - - Ø
48 / 49 / 3 % 40 Ø - - - Ø
50 / 50 / 0 % 20 Ø - - - Ø
50 / 50 / 0 % 40 - - - - Ø
10 / 87 / 3 % 20 Ø - - - Ø
50 / 31 / 19 % 30 - - - Ø
Motor oils Usual commercial 60 Ø Ø Ø -
Nitric acid, aqueous Up to 30 % 50 - Ø
30 / 50 % 50 Ø - - Ø
40 % 70 - - - - Ø
40 % 90 - - - - Ø
48 % 80 - - - - Ø
70 % 20 Ø - - Ø
70 % 60 Ø - - - Ø
98 % 20 - - - - Ø
98 % 60 - - - - Ø
Oleum 10 % 20 - - - - -
Oxygen All 60 - Ø
Palm oil 20 - - Ø
60 - Ø Ø - Ø
Paraffin 60 Ø -
Paraffin oil 60 Ø -
Petroleum Technically pure 60 Ø Ø -
Sea water 40 Ø
60 Ø
100 - - Ø -
Soap solution, aqueous Concentrated 20
Concentrated 60
Soda, aqueous Diluted 40
Diluted 60
Saturated 60
Starch, aqueous All 40
All 60
Sulphuric acid, aqueous Up to 40 % 40
Up to 40 % 60 Ø Ø
70 % 20 - -
70 % 60 Ø Ø Ø - -
80 – 90 % 40 Ø Ø - -
96 % 20 Ø Ø - -
96 % 60 Ø Ø - - -
Toluene Technically pure 20 - - - -
Turpentine oil Technically pure 60 Ø Ø - - -
Urine Normal 40
Normal 60
Vinegar (wine vinegar) Usual commercial 40
Usual commercial 100 - - - - -
Water, distilled 40
100 - Ø -
Water, potable, chlorinated see Water distilled

Explanation of symbols:
Resistant
Ø Conditionally resistant (more favourable at temperatures lower than those quoted)
- Not Recommended
10
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