General Physics 2
General Physics 2
General Physics 2
Common Core Alignment Software version 2.05 Last revised July 2015
Infinite Geometry supports the teaching of the Common Core State Standards listed below.
High School ‐ Geometry (G)
Experiment with transformations in the plane
G‐CO‐1 Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel
line, and line segment, based on the undefined notions of point, line,
distance along a line, and distance around a circular arc.
G‐CO‐2 Represent transformations in the plane using, e.g., transparencies
and geometry software; describe transformations as functions that
take points in the plane as inputs and give other points as outputs.
Compare transformations that preserve distance and angle to those
that do not (e.g., translation versus horizontal stretch).
G‐CO‐3 Given a rectangle, parallelogram, trapezoid, or regular polygon,
describe the rotations and reflections that carry it onto itself.
G‐CO‐5 Given a geometric figure and a rotation, reflection, or translation,
draw the transformed figure using, e.g., graph paper, tracing paper, or
geometry software. Specify a sequence of transformations that will
carry a given figure onto another.
Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions
G‐CO‐6 Use geometric descriptions of rigid motions to transform figures and
to predict the effect of a given rigid motion on a given figure; given
two figures, use the definition of congruence in terms of rigid motions
to decide if they are congruent.
Prove geometric theorems
G‐CO‐9 Prove theorems about lines and angles. Theorems include: vertical
angles are congruent; when a transversal crosses parallel lines, alternate
interior angles are congruent and corresponding angles are congruent;
points on a perpendicular bisector of a line segment are exactly those
equidistant from the segment’s endpoints.
G‐CO‐10 Prove theorems about triangles. Theorems include: measures of interior
angles of a triangle sum to 180°; base angles of isosceles triangles are
congruent; the segment joining midpoints of two sides of a triangle is
parallel to the third side and half the length; the medians of a triangle
meet at a point.
G‐CO‐11 Prove theorems about parallelograms. Theorems include: opposite
sides are congruent, opposite angles are congruent, the diagonals
of a parallelogram bisect each other, and conversely, rectangles are
parallelograms with congruent diagonals.
Make geometric constructions
G‐CO‐12 Make formal geometric constructions with a variety of tools and
methods (compass and straightedge, string, reflective devices,
paper folding, dynamic geometric software, etc.). Copying a segment;
copying an angle; bisecting a segment; bisecting an angle; constructing
perpendicular lines, including the perpendicular bisector of a line segment;
and constructing a line parallel to a given line through a point not on the
line.
G‐CO‐13 Construct an equilateral triangle, a square, and a regular hexagon
inscribed in a circle.
Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations
G‐SRT‐2 Given two figures, use the definition of similarity in terms of similarity
transformations to decide if they are similar; explain using similarity
transformations the meaning of similarity for triangles as the equality
of all corresponding pairs of angles and the proportionality of all
corresponding pairs of sides.
G‐SRT‐3 Use the properties of similarity transformations to establish the AA
criterion for two triangles to be similar
Prove theorems involving similarity
G‐SRT‐4 Prove theorems about triangles. Theorems include: a line parallel to one
side of a triangle divides the other two proportionally, and conversely; the
Pythagorean Theorem proved using triangle similarity.
G‐SRT‐5 Use congruence and similarity criteria for triangles to solve problems
and to prove relationships in geometric figures.
Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles
G‐SRT‐6 Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are
properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of
trigonometric ratios for acute angles.
G‐SRT‐8 Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve right
triangles in applied problems.
Understand and apply theorems about circles
G‐C‐2 Identify and describe relationships among inscribed angles, radii,
and chords. Include the relationship between central, inscribed, and
circumscribed angles; inscribed angles on a diameter are right angles;
the radius of a circle is perpendicular to the tangent where the radius
intersects the circle.
G‐C‐3 Construct the inscribed and circumscribed circles of a triangle, and
prove properties of angles for a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle.
G‐C‐4 (+) Construct a tangent line from a point outside a given circle to the
circle.
Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles
G‐C‐5 Derive using similarity the fact that the length of the arc intercepted
by an angle is proportional to the radius, and define the radian
measure of the angle as the constant of proportionality; derive the
formula for the area of a sector.
Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically
G‐GPE‐4 Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically. For
example, prove or disprove that a figure defined by four given points in the
coordinate plane is a rectangle; prove or disprove that the point (1, √3) lies
on the circle centered at the origin and containing the point (0, 2).
G‐GPE‐5 Prove the slope criteria for parallel and perpendicular lines and use
them to solve geometric problems (e.g., find the equation of a line
parallel or perpendicular to a given line that passes through a given
point).
G‐GPE‐7 Use coordinates to compute perimeters of polygons and areas of
triangles and rectangles, e.g., using the distance formula.
Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems
G‐GMD‐3 Use volume formulas for cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres to
solve problems.
High School ‐ Algebra (A)
Interpret the structure of expressions
A‐SSE‐1a Interpret parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and
coefficients.
A‐SSE‐1b Interpret complicated expressions by viewing one or more of their
parts as a single entity. For example, interpret P(1+r)ⁿ as the product
of P and a factor not depending on P.
A‐SSE‐2 Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it. For
example, see x⁴ – y⁴ as (x²)²– (y²)², thus recognizing it as a difference of
squares that can be factored as (x² – y²)(x² + y²).
Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials
A‐APR‐1 Understand that polynomials form a system analogous to the integers,
namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction,
and multiplication; add, subtract, and multiply polynomials.
Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
A‐CED‐1 Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to
solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic
functions, and simple rational and exponential functions.
A‐CED‐2 Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships
between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels
and scales.
A‐CED‐3 Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of
equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or non‐
viable options in a modeling context. For example, represent inequalities
describing nutritional and cost constraints on combinations of different
foods.
Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain
the reasoning
A‐REI‐1 Explain each step in solving a simple equation as following from the
equality of numbers asserted at the previous step, starting from the
assumption that the original equation has a solution. Construct a
viable argument to justify a solution method.
Solve equations and inequalities in one variable
A‐REI‐3 Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including
equations with coefficients represented by letters.
Solve systems of equations
A‐REI‐6 Solve systems of linear equations exactly and approximately (e.g., with
graphs), focusing on pairs of linear equations in two variables.
High School ‐ Functions (F)
Analyze functions using different representations
F‐IF‐7a Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts,
maxima, and minima.
Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities
F‐BF‐1a Determine an explicit expression, a recursive process, or steps for
calculation from a context.
Construct and compare linear, quadratic, and exponential models
and solve problems
F‐LE‐2 Construct linear and exponential functions, including arithmetic and
geometric sequences, given a graph, a description of a relationship, or
two input‐output pairs (include reading these from a table).
High School ‐ Number and Quantity (N)
Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
N‐Q‐1 Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution
of multi‐step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in
formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and
data displays.
N‐Q‐2 Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.
High School ‐ Statistics & Probability (S)
Understand independence and conditional probability and use them
to interpret data
S‐CP‐1 Describe events as subsets of a sample space (the set of outcomes)
using characteristics (or categories) of the outcomes, or as unions,
intersections, or complements of other events (“or,” “and,” “not”).
S‐CP‐2 Understand that two events A and B are independent if the probability
of A and B occurring together is the product of their probabilities, and
use this characterization to determine if they are independent.
S‐CP‐3 Understand the conditional probability of A given B as P(A and
B)/P(B), and interpret independence of A and B as saying that the
conditional probability of A given B is the same as the probability
of A, and the conditional probability of B given A is the same as the
probability of B.
S‐CP‐5 Recognize and explain the concepts of conditional probability and
independence in everyday language and everyday situations. For
example, compare the chance of having lung cancer if you are a smoker
with the chance of being a smoker if you have lung cancer.
Use the rules of probability to compute probabilities of compound
events in a uniform probability model
S‐CP‐6 Find the conditional probability of A given B as the fraction of B’s
outcomes that also belong to A, and interpret the answer in terms of
the model.
S‐CP‐7 Apply the Addition Rule, P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B), and
interpret the answer in terms of the model.
S‐CP‐8 (+) Apply the general Multiplication Rule in a uniform probability
model, P(A and B) = P(A)P(B|A) = P(B)P(A|B), and interpret the answer
in terms of the model.
S‐CP‐9 (+) Use permutations and combinations to compute probabilities of
compound events and solve problems.
Grade 8 Standards ‐ Geometry (8.G)
Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies,
or geometry software.
8.G‐1a Verify experimentally the properties of rotations, reflections, and
translations: Lines are taken to lines, and line segments to line segments of the
same length.
8.G‐1b Verify experimentally the properties of rotations, reflections, and
translations: Angles are taken to angles of the same measure.
8.G‐3 Describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations, and reflections
on two‐dimensional figures using coordinates.
8.G‐5 Use informal arguments to establish facts about the angle sum and
exterior angle of triangles, about the angles created when parallel lines
are cut by a transversal, and the angle‐angle criterion for similarity of
triangles. For example, arrange three copies of the same triangle so that
the sum of the three angles appears to form a line, and give an argument
in terms of transversals why this is so.
Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
8.G‐7 Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths
in right triangles in real‐world and mathematical problems in two and
three dimensions.
8.G‐8 Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between two
points in a coordinate system.
Solve real‐world and mathematical problems involving volume of
cylinders, cones, and spheres.
8.G‐9 Know the formulas for the volumes of cones, cylinders, and spheres
and use them to solve real‐world and mathematical problems.
Grade 8 Standards ‐ Expressions and Equations (8.EE)
Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
8.EE‐7a Give examples of linear equations in one variable with one
solution, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions. Show which
of these possibilities is the case by successively transforming the
given equation into simpler forms, until an equivalent equation of
the form x = a, a = a, or a = b results (where a and b are different
numbers).
8.EE‐7b Solve linear equations with rational number coefficients, including
equations whose solutions require expanding expressions using
the distributive property and collecting like terms
8.EE‐8b Solve systems of two linear equations in two variables
algebraically, and estimate solutions by graphing the equations.
Solve simple cases by inspection. For example, 3x + 2y = 5 and 3x +
2y = 6 have no solution because 3x + 2y cannot simultaneously be 5
and 6.
Standards are © Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and
Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved.