Primerofgothicl00wrig BW PDF
Primerofgothicl00wrig BW PDF
Primerofgothicl00wrig BW PDF
B. H, Blackvvell,
Bookseller,
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4^fatenion ^veea ^ertee
A PRIMER
OF
GOTHIC LANGUAGE
CONTAINING THE
BY
SECOND EDITION
©Xfotrb
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1899
LIBRARY
Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies
OCT 02^931
PREFACE" TO THE FIRST EDITION
these languages.
Considerable care and trouble have been taken in the
selection of the matter contained in the chapters relating to
phonology, and I venture to say that anyone, who con-
scientiously works through the book, will not only gain a
thorough elementary knowledge of Gothic, but also of the
principles of Germanic philology in general. I should
however advise the beginner not to \york right through the
phonology at first, but to read Chapter I on Gothic pro-
nunciation, and then to learn the Accidence. As soon as
the paradigms havfe been learnt, he ought then to begin
reading the Gothic Text and to work systematically at the
phonology.
In the plan and scope of the book I have for the most
part followed the lines adopted in my Old and Middle High
German Primers, published by the Clarendon Press in 1888.
viii PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.
In all the three books my chief aim and object have been
to furnish beginners with an accm*ate outline of the main
features of the languages in question. But in the present
book I thought it advisable to enter rather more fully into
details, because most students, who worked through the
two German Primers, would almost be sure to continue their
light which these throw upon the grammar of the other old
Germanic languages, it is important that everything they
require for that purpose should be put together in a
convenient form. In fact a careful examination of the
p)honology and accidence will show that these parts of the
work are much more complete than the title of the book\
indicates.
JOSEPH WRIGHT.
OxYO'R.J), January, 1892.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
the book would become too large, and that through the
necessary introduction of a great many details concerning
the other languages, I should have been obliged to omit
many important points relating to Gothic itself, and thus
I should have defeated the object with which the book was
originally written.
years all my spare time has been taken up with the English
Dialect Dictionary. Ere long, however, I hope to have
sufficient leisure to publish the book.
In compliance with the requests of several Examining
Bodies, and of the Delegates of the Clarendon Press, I have
included in new edition the whole of the Gospel
this of
St. Mark which has come down to us in Gothic.
JOSEPH WRIGHT.
Oxford, April^ 1899.
CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION (§§ 1, 2) '. . . . . . i
CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER II.
PAGE
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV.
eu (§ 84).
CHAPTER V.
CHAPTER VI.
CHAPTER VIL
Ablaut (§§ 105-108) 37-42
CONTENTS, xiii
CHAPTER VIII.
CHAPTER IX.
CHAPTER X.
Declension of Nouns 68-81
PAGE
C. Minor Declensions :
— stems in -r (§ 177) ; stems in
-nd (§§ 178, 179); masculines (§§ 180, 181); feminines
(§§ 182, 183); neuters (§ 183).
CHAPTER XI.
Declension of Adjectives 82-94
A. Strong Declension : —a-stems (§§ 187, 188) ; ja-stems
(§§ 189-192); wa-stems (§ 193); i-stems (§§ 194, 195) ;
CHAPTER XII.
Pronouns 94-102
Personal (§§ 220, 221); possessive (§§ 222,223); demon-
strative (§§ 224-228); relative (§§ 229-231); interro-
CHAPTER XIII.
Verbs 102-124
On Gothic verbs in general (§§ 239-242).
A. Strong Verbs : —
The conjugation of the model strong
verbs niman and Milan (§ 243). Class I (§§ 245, 246) ;
Class II (§§ 247, 248); Class III (§§ 249, 250); Class IV
(§§ 251, 252) ; Class V
(§§ 253, 254) ; Class VI (§§ 255,
256); Class VII (§§ 257-259).
B. Weak Verbs :
— First weak conjugation (§§ 260-265) ;
PAGE
CHAPTER XIV.
Appendix . 125-127
Adverbs (§§ 283-287). Prepositions (§ 288). Con-
junctions (§ 289).
CHAPTER XV.
Syntax 1 28-141
Cases : —Accusative ($ 290) ;
genitive (§ 291) ; dative
(§ 292). Adjectives (§§ 293, 294). Pronouns (§ 295).
Verbs :— Tenses (§ 296) ; voices (§ 297) ; subjunctive
(§ 298) ; infinitive (§ 299) ;
participles (§ 300).
TEXT :—
Introduction 142-146
St. Matthew 147-153
St. Mark 154-199
St.Luke 200-211
St.John 212-222
The Second Epistle to Timothy 223-229
NOTES 230-241
GLOSSARY 243-277
GRAMMAR.
INTRODUCTION.
§ 1. Almost the only source of our knowledge of the Gothic
language consists of the fragments of the biblical translation
made by Ulfilas (b. about 311 a.d.^ d. 383), the Bishop of
the West Goths. See p. 142.
§ 2. Gothic forms one member of the Germanic (Teutonic)
branch of the Indo-Germanic family of languages.
The Germanic branch consists of:
I. Gothic.
p
1
2 ALPHABET, [§ 3.
PHONOLOG v.
CHAPTER I.
j\ B r iV 6 u z h t tl
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
a b g d e q z h > i
K A n H q n n ^ )^
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
k 1 m n J u P
- r
S T Y I'
X G Q t
200 300 400 500 60c ) 700 800 900
s t w f X > —
in Xristus {Christ) and one or two other words, where X had probably
the sound- value k. The Gothic character 1 was used at the beginning
of a word and medially after a vowel not belonging to the same syllable,
thus 13l<VQj\5 iddja (/ went) ; t:Rj\lTld), fra-itip {he devours).
2. When the letters were used as numerals a point was placed before
and after them, or a line above them, thus W A, 'l* 1 = 30.
3. In words borrowed from Greek containing v in the function of
a vowel, it is transcribed by y, thus avuayooyrj, synagoge, synagogue,
y may be pronounced like the i in English bit. See p. 280.
In our transcription the letter \ is borrowed from the OE. or O. Norse
alphabet.
In some books q, h;, w are represented by kw (kv), hw (hv), v
respectively.
A. The Vowels.
§ 4. The Gothic vowel-system is represented by the five
B 2
4 PRONUNCIATION OF VOWEIS. [§§4-6.
/ thought ;
]?ah6, clay ; unwahs, blameless.
are: qeins = qens, Luke ii. 5; faheid = fahef), Luke ii. 10.
spewands = speiwands, Mark vii. 33 mi]?J:>ane=niif>f>anei, ;
qens, ivoman ;
jer, year ; slepan, to sleep ; in the preterite
]?u, thou ; nu, now ; faihu, cattle ; sunu (ace. sing.), son ;
pi. and pp. of strong verbs belonging to the second and third
ablaut-series, and in the pp. of those belonging to the fourth,
as drusum (§ 247), we fell, pp. drusans bundum, we ;
blindai, dat. sing. fern, and nom. pi. masc. of blinds, bli7td.
B. The Consonants.
§ 14. According to the transcription adopted in § 3, the
Gothic consonant-system is represented by the following
letters, which are here re-arranged after the order of the
English alphabet :—b, d, f, g, h, hr, j, k, 1, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
I>,
w, z.
dragan, to draw ;
of consonants.
1. laggs, long ; laisjan, to teach ; hails, hale^ whole ; haldan,
to hold ; skal, / shall \ mel, time,
wisan, to be ;
Jjusundi, thousand ] gasts, guest ;
hras ? who ? ; bus, house ;
gras, grass.
br6J>ar, brother ]
qi]?an, to say ; bruf»s, 3r/(^^
skadwjan, to overshadow.
§ 31. z was a voiced spirant like the z in English freeze,
and only occurs medially in regular native Gothic forms, as
huzd, hoard, treasure ; hazjan, to praise ; maiza, greater.
But see § 141.
14 PRONUNCIATION OF CONSONANTS. [§§ 33, 33.
Guttural i
S^^""' *' *^' "
I Long a, 6, an, u
Palatal / Short ai, 1
I Long e, al, ei
To these must also be added the nasals m, n, and the
liquids 1, r in the function of vowels. See § 13L
B. Consonants.
Inter-
Labial. Dental. Guttural.
dental.
( Voiceless p t, tt k, kk: q
Explosives
( Voiced b d, dd
I Voiceless f s, ss h, (g?) : hr
Spirants
( Voiced b d z g
Nasals m, mm n, nn g(gg)
Liquids 1,11; r,;rr
Semi-vowels w, j (palat:an
Stress (Accent).
CHAPTER 11.
Short vowels a, e, i, o, u
Long „ a, e, i, o, u
Diphthongs ai, ei, oi, au, eu, ou
Short vocalic 1, m, n, r
omitted from the above table as being of little importance for the
purposes of this book. It became a in all the Indo-Germanic lan-
guages, except in the Aryan branch, where it became i, as Gr. irar-qp^
Lat. pater, O. Ir. athir, Goth, fadar, Skr. pitdr- (from *p8t^r-),/^M^r.
For further details concerning this vowel, the reader must be referred
to Brugmann's *
Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der indoger-
manischen Sprachen,' 2nd ed., vol. i. p. i7off.
2. Strictly speaking the combination a, e, or + nasal or liquid is
also a diphthong. Cp. § 110 note 3.
/ eat, OE., OS. etan, OHG. ez^an, O. Icel. eta, to eat ; Lat.
pellis, Gr. TTtXXa, OE. fell, OHG. fel, skin, hide.
§ 37. i (Lat. i, Gr. t) remained, as Lat. vidua (adj. fern.),
O. Icel. flotS, flood, tide] Lat. flos, Goch., OE. bloma, OS.
blomo, OHG. bluoma, blossom, flower.
mus, mouse ; Goth, fuls, OE., OHG. ful, O. Icel. full, foul,
C
1 8 THE IND 0- GERMANIC VO WEL-SYSTEM. [§§47-52.
§ 48. au (Lat. au, Gr. au, Goth, au, OE. ea, OS. o, OHG.
ou (o), O. Icel. au) remained, as Lat. augere, Goth, dukan,
O. Icel. auka, to add, increase ; Lat. auris, Goth, auso, OE.
eare, OS., OHG. ora, ear] Lat. aurora, Gr. dial. a{/(o-)aj$,
dawn, OE. east (av.), in the east, OS., OHG. ostar (av.),
See § 61.
§ 53. r (Lat. or, Gr. ap, pa) became ur, ru, as Goth, ga-
daursan, OS. gi-durran, OHG. turran, /o dare, venture, cp.
§ 54. 1 (Lat. ol, Gr. a\, Xa) became ul, lu, as prim. Indo-
Germ. *wlqos, Skr. vfkas, Goth, wulfs, OE., OS. wulf, OHG.
wolf, wolf; Skr. prthivi, OE. folde, OS. folda, O. Icel. fold,
earth, cp. Gr. irXarvs, flat, broad \ Goth, fulls, OE., OS. full,
Note. —The u inum, un, ur, ru, ul, lu had the same further
development in the Germanic languages as Indo-Germanic u. See § 60.
CHAPTER III.
Short vowels a, e, i, o, u
Long „ 8§, e, i, 6, u
Diphthongs ai, au, eu
Note. — »1. was an open e-sound like OE. §1. § had the sound of
the e in NHG. reh, roe. The origin of this vowel has not yet been
satisfactorily explained. See § 75.
C 2
20 THE PRIM, GERMANIC VOWEL-SYSTEM. [§§ 55-58.
§§ 42, 46.
Note. — The a in the above and similar examples was still a nasalized
vowel in prim. Germ., as is seen by its development to 6 in OE. It is
also probable that the i (§ 58, (t)) and u (§ 60) were also nasalized
vowels in prim. Germ.
sound-law was the reason why the verb passed from the third
into the first class of strong verbs (§ 245), cp. the isolated
older *esti, cp. Gr. eWc ; Goth, satja, / set, from *satij6,
O. Icel. fcetr, feet, from *f6tiz, older *fotez, cp. Gr. TroSes,
Lat. pedes.
to live, &c.
§ 60. u, followed originally by an a or o in the next
syllable, became o, except when protected by a following
nasal + consonant or an intervening i ( j), as OHG. joh, OE.
QeoQ,yoke, cp. Lat. jugum, Gr. (vyov, OE., OS. god, OHG.
got, god, from an original neuter form *ghut6m, beside
22 THE PRIM. GERMANIC VOWEL-SYSTEM, [§§60-62.
Short vowels a, e, i, o, u
Long ,, a, 8B, e, i, 6, u
Diphthongs ai, au, iu, eu
CHAPTER IV.
e.
Note. — The stem-vowel in Goth, walla (cp. OE., OS. wel, OHG.
wela), well\ and in Goth, aippau (cp. OE. eppa, oppe, OHG. eddo,
edo), or, has not yet been satisfactorily explained in spite of the explana-
tions suggested by various scholars.
Note. — For nih, a7td not^ from older *ni-h;i = Lat. neque, we should
expect *naih, but the word has been influenced by the simple negative
ni, not.
i.
o.
u.
e.
i.
Goth, flodus, OE., OS. flod, OHG. fluot. O. Icel. fio^, flood,
*afd6jan.
Here probably belong also bauan, to inhabit, OE., OHG.
buan, to till, dwell) bnauan, to rub trauan, OHG. truen, ;
u.
au.
Goth, kaus, OE. csas, OS., OHG. kos, O. Icel. kaus, inf,
iu.
eu.
CHAPTER V.
cp. Lat. pedem, Gr. TrdSa (see § 51). In Gothic sibun, seven^
and taihun, ten, for older *sibu, *taihu, the final -n was re-
horna beside Goth, haurn, horn\ nom. sing. gastiR beside Goth,
gasts, guest, stranger.
of tongues, from Indg. -om but ace. sing, giba, gift, from
;
Indg. -am, cp. ace. sing. fern, ni aino-hun, no one ; nom. sing.
hana, cock, from Indg. -en, cp. Gr. T:oi[ir]v, shepherd) ace.
sing, bandja, band, from Indg. -jem, cp. Lat. faciem, from
*faciem, shape.
a. Short Vowels.
sing, ^umin, Lat. homini, to man, cp. Gr. noifievi ; dat. sing.
Note. — The law of final vowels does not affect originally mono-
syllabic words, cp. e.g. nom. sing. Goth, is, -^^ = Lat. is, beside gasts =
Lat. hostis ; Goth. h;a, wkaf — Lat. quod, beside juk, yoke — Lat.
jugum.
b. Long Vowels.
§ 87. Prim. Indg. long final vowels, or those which be-
came final in prim. Germanic (§ 85 and note), became
shortened in polysyllabic words, when the vowels in question
originally had the ^
broken '
accent, but remained unshortened
when they originally had the '
slurred ' accent.
Examples of the former are : — fem. nom. sing, giba, from
^'ge156, gift (cp. so, § 224), cp. Gr. x<^P"j la7id, Indg. -a; neut.
nom. ace. pi. juka, from *juko (cp. neut. nom. ace. pi.
J?6,
baira, Lat. fero, Gr. (p€pco, I bear, Indg. -6 ; mena, 7noon, cp.
menojjs, month ;
particle -6 preserved in forms like ace.
sing, hran-6-h, each, everyone, but shortened in ace. forms like
hran-a, whom ? ;
}>an-a, this ;
}>at-a, that ; bindan-a, blind,
gibos, gifts, cp. Skr. a9vas, ma7'es\ dat. pi. gibom, to gifts nemeip, ;
tawides, thou didst, beside tawida, he did-, wileis, thou wilt, beside
will, he will.
On final long vowels when originally followed by a nasal see § 85.
§§ 88-90.] GERM, EQUIVALENTS OF GOTH, VOWELS, 35
c. Diphthongs.
§ 88. Originally final -ai became -a in polysyllables, as
bairada, he is borne =^Gy. mid. (pfperai ; bairanda, /hey are
borne ^=^Gv. mid. (f>€povTat; faura, before, cp. Gr. Trapal.
Xa)pa for *x^P^'j d3,t. sing, sunau, to a son, from loc. form
*suneu ; dat. sing, anstai, to a favour, from locative form
*anstei, cp. Gr. TroXrj'i; habais, from *x^^®i2(i), thou hast,
habaif from
5 *x^''^®i^(i)? ^^ ^^•^*
CHAPTER VI.
a. Short Vowels.
§90. Gothic a = Germ, a, as feidav, father ; Bik.vs, field;
tagr, tear] gasts, guest ; ahtau, eight; hand, he bound ; nam,
he took; gaf, he gave, Cp. § 63.
D 2
36 GERM. EQUIVALENTS OF GOTH. VOWELS* [§§ 91-99.
niman, to take ;
giban, to give, pp. gibans. Cp. § 64.
b. Long Vow^els.
c. Diphthongs.
CHAPTER VII.
I. u. ni. IV.
I. ei ai i(ai) i(ai)
VI. a a
VII. e 6 e
f>aursus, withered.
bairan, to bear: barn, child: hevusjos, parents : batr,
son : qiman, to come : ga-quni]>s, a coming together, assembly ;
Ablaut-series I.
§107.
Gothic ei ai i(ai) i(ai)
Prim. Germ, i ai i i
II.
III.
IV.
see § 68.
2. To this class belong all strong verbs whose stems end in a single
liquid or a nasal.
Prim. Germ, e a ae e
giban, /^ gwe gaf gebum gibans
saihran, to see sahr sShrum saihrans
VI.
Goth. a 6 a
Prim. Germ, a 6 a
faran, to go for forum farans
slahan, to strike sloh slohum. slahans
VII.
Goth. e(ai) 6 6 e(ai)
Prim. Germ, se 6 o se
CHAPTER VIII.
Nasals m n 11 ^
Liquids 1, r
Semivowels w(u) j(i)
former case they are said to be voiced (e.g. the mediae), and in the
44 THE FIRST SOUND-SHIFTING. [§ no.
latter voiceless (e.g. the tenues). The aspiratae are pronounced like
the simple tenues and mediae followed by an h, e.g. like the th in
English pothook^ ph in haphazard^ or dh in madhouse.
The palatal explosives are formed by the front or middle of the
tongue and the roof of the mouth (hard palate), like g, k (c), e.g.
get^ goodJ kidy could whereas the velars are formed by the root of the
;
vowels is that the latter always bear the stress (accent) of the syllable
in which they occur, thus e.g. in English cow, std-in the first element
of the diphthong is a vowel, the second a consonant but in words like ;
French rwd (written roi, king), bjer (written bidre, beer), the first
u in this book, when the first element is the bearer of the stress, thus
ai, du, &c., but j, w when the second element has the stress, thus jd.,
w^, &c.
4. In the writing down of prim. Germanic forms the signs p ( = th in
thin), d (= th in then), 'b (=a bilabial spirant, which may be pro-
nounced like V in vine), S (= g often heard in German sagen), x
( = German ch).
OHG. fuoz, O. Icel. fotv, foot] Lat. pecu, Goth, faihu, OE.
feoh, OS. fehu, OHG. fihu (fehu), O. Icel. fe, catlk] Lat.
piscis, Goth, fisks, OS., OHG. fisk, OE. fisc, O. Icel. fiskr,
hlifan, to steal.
t>f>. Lat. tres, Gr. rpely, Goth. *f)reis, OE. }>ri, OS.
thrie, O. Icel. })rir, OHG. dri, three] Lat. tu, Gr. Dor. tv,
kt>xt: Gr. oktoj, Lat. octo, Goth, ahtd^u, OE. ealita, OS., OHG.
ahto, eight; Gr. o-pcKTos, stretched out, Lat. rectus, Goth, raihts,
OE. riht, OS., OHG. reht, right, straight.
qt>xt: gen. sing. Gr. vvktos, Lat. noctis, nom. Goth, nahts,
OE. neaht, OS., OHG. naht, night,
k, k(kw).
b>p. O. Bulgarian, slabu, slack, weak, Goth, slepan,
OE. slsepan, OS. slapan, OHG. slafan, to sleep, originally,
to be slack; Lat. lubricus for *slubricus, slippery, Goth.
§ 112.] THE FIRST SOUND-SHIFTING, 47
g>k. Lat. genu, Gr. yow, Goth, kniu, OE. cneo, OS.,
OHG. kneo, O. Icel. kne, knee\ Lat. gusto, / taste, Gr. yevo),
kvikr, quick, alive; Gr. ^aivo^ for *j3aiy*a), I go^ Lat. venio for
*gwemjo, / come, Indg. form *ginj6, Goth, qiman, OHG.
queman, OE., OS. cuman, O. Icel. koma, to come ; Gr.
epe^oy, Goth. riqis (stem riqiza-), prim, form *regos, dark-
ness.
48 THE FIRST SOUND-SHIFTING. [§§ 113-115-
bear, Skr. bharami, Gr. c^epco, Lat. fero, I bear ; Goth, brojjar,
OE. broSor, OS. brothar, OHG. bruoder, O. Icel. brotSer,
(j)paT(op.
Goth, rauj^s (stem rauda-), OE. read, OS. rod, OHG. rot,
ascend, Gr. o-reixco, prim, form *steigh6, / go, cp. also Lat.
vestigium, foot-step ; Goth, ga-wigan, OE., OHG. wegan,
E
50 THE FIRST SOUND-SHIFTING, [§§ 116-118.
Note. —g
was dropped in the initial combination a;w = Indg. gh,
Goth, warmjan, to warm, OE. wearm, OS., OHG. warm, warm,
Verner's Law.
The combinations sp, st, sk, ss, ft, fs, hs, and ht were not
subject to this law.
jtihiza (§§ 60, \2'^), younger, juggs, young OE. teon (from
\
thus
bt
ps
bht
dt K^
" ds I
.
*"
dht ] dhs \
gt
ks
ght I
ghs J
9* }<lt
ght 1
1* 9L>qs
§hs /
Skr. loc. pi. patsu, beside loc. sing, padi, on foot \ Lat. rexi,
rectum, beside regere, to rule\ Lat. vexi, vectum, beside
§ I20.] VARIOUS CONSONANT CHANGES. 55
Skr. yukta-, Gr. feu/cro?, Lat. junctus, j'(?^^<i, rt. jeug- ; &c.
Then pt, kt, qt ;
ps, ks, qs were shifted to ft, xt ; fs, x^
at the same time as the original Indg. tenues became voice-
less spirants (§ 111). And tt, ts became ss through the
intermediate stages of )>t, J)s respectively, ss then became
simplified to s after long syllables and before r, and then
between the s and r there was. developed a t.
gg before the principal accent, then later bb, dd, gg; and
in like manner Indg. bn-, dn-, gn- gn- became bb, dd, gg.
And these mediae were shifted to pp, tt, kk at the same time
as the original Indg. mediae became tenues. Examples are
wanting in Gothic, but are common in the West Germanic
languages. See Paul-Braune's '
Beitrage/ ix. p. 169 fF. ; xii.
p. 504 ff.
§122. Indg. z-f media became s-f- tenuis, as Goth, asts,
Goth, huzd, OE. hord, hoard, treasure, cp. Lat. custos, rt.
kuzdh-.
§ 123. Guttural n (p) disappeared before x ; for examples
see §§ 57, 58 (i), 60.
Liquids 1, r
Semi-vowels w j (palatal)
CHAPTER IX.
Semi-vowels,
w.
skadwjan, to overshadow.
For the Gothic treatment of 6w, owj, see §§ 78. 79.
u (when the preceding vowel was u). The conditions under which this
sound-change took place have not yet been satisfactorily explained. The
examples are : — Goth,
bliggwan, OE. *bleowan, OHG. bliuwan,
to strike Goth, triggws, O. Icel. tryggr, OE. triewe, OS., OHG.
;
gleaw, OHG. glau (inflected form glau^wer), wise, prudent cp. also \
J.
gen. midjis.
For the treatment of sej see § 74.
Note. — In a few words medial -j- (or -jj- the origin of which is ?)
Labials.
help]
Note. —p does not occur initially in Gothic in pure Germanic
words.
b, b.
Note. —In occasional forms like grob beside grof, he dug) hldib
beside hldif, the b had been transferred from forms where it was
regular.
Gutturals.
k.
k"w.
h, X.
Xw.
Germanic xw (OE., OS., OHG. initial hw, O. Icel. hv)
became hr (§ 20) in Gothic, as luas? who?) hjopan, to boast)
64 PRIM. GERM. GUTTURALS IN GOTHIC. [§§ 135, 136.
near.
Note. —The reasons for assuming that Goth, hr was a simple sound,
and not a compound one composed of h + w, are: — (i) Ulfilas uni-
formly represented it by a single letter 0. (2) Ulfilas wrote hw only
incompound words where h and w came together by composition, e. g.
ubuhwopida = uf + uh + wopida, and he cried out pairhwakandans ;
day ; wig, way ; b%, Ifear mag, ; he can, may ; nom. sing.
Dentals,
t.
twai, two.
leitils, little ; wato, water ] itan, to eat ] witan, to know ]
V-
]>wahan, to wash,
qijjan, to say] brojjar, brother \ air]?a, earth, land] fra}>-
jan, to understand ] wairj>an, to become,
qa}), he said] war}), he became] ace. sing. aif>, oath.
d, d.
d became J)
after vowels both finally and before final -s
Sibilants.
S.
F 2
68 DECLENSION OF NOUNS, [§§ 142, 143.
ACCIDENCE.
CHAPTER X.
DECLENSION OP NOUNS.
§ 142. Gothic nouns have two numbers — singular and
plural ; three genders —masculine, feminine, and neuter, as in
the other Old Germanic languages, from which the gender
of nouns in Gothic does not materially differ ; four cases
Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, and Dative. The Vocative
is mostly like the Nominative, but in the singular of some
classes of nouns it regularly fell together with the Accusative,
see §§ 85, 86.
Gothic nouns are divided into two great classes, according
as the stem originally ended in a vowel or a consonant.
Nouns, whose stems originally ended in a vowel, belong to
the vocalic or so-called Strong Declension. Those, whose
stems end in -n, belong to the Weak Declension. All other
consonantal stems are in this grammar put together under
the general heading of *
Minor Declensions.'
The learner, who wishes to compare the Gothic case-end-
ings with the corresponding forms of Latin, Greek, &c., will
find it useful to master Chapter V before attempting to do
so, as what has already been stated there will not, as a rule,
b3 repeated in the chapter on the Accidence.
clension (Gr. masc. -oy, neut. -oi/, Lat. -us, -um), for
a. Pure a-stems.
§ 144. Masculines.
Sing.
Plur.
§ 146. Neuters
Sing.
Plur,
Nom. Voc. Ace. waurda haubida
Gen. 'waurde haubide
Dat. w^aurdam haubidam
year ;
juk, yoke ; kaum, corn ; laun, pay^ reward ; leik,
b. ja-stems.
Masculines.
§ 148. In this class of nouns the nom. and gen. sing, end
in -jis when the stem-syllable is short ; but in -eis when the
stem-syllable is long, or when the stem (apart from any prefix)
Sing.
Plur.
Nom. haijos hairdjds
Ace. haijans hairdjans
Gen. harje hairdje
Dat. haijam hairdjam
§ 150. USTeuters.
Sing. Plur.
Nom. Ace. Voc. kuni, race kurga
Gen. kunjis kuiije
Dat. kunja kunjam
c. Wa-stems.
L52. Masculines.
Sing. Plur.
Nom. J>ius, servant f>iwos
Ace. J>iu }>iwans
Gen. Jjiwis fiwe
Dat. Jjiwa J^iwam
Note. — Of the masculine wa-stems there are only traces extant, viz.
the nom. and gen. pi. of *pius, and the nom. sing. sndi"ws, snow, the
ace. sing, of which would be sndiw, gen. sndiwis, see § 129.
§153. Neuters.
Sing. Plur.
Nom. Aee. Voc. kniu, knee kniTva
Gen. kniwis kniwe
Dat. kniwa kniwam
Note.— I. Only pi Liral forms of kniu are extant. Like kniu is also
declined triu, wood.
2. fraiw, seed\ hl^iw, ^rave; lew, occasion \ waiirstw, work^
retain the w in the nom. ace. sing, according to § 129, and are declined
like waiird. /
2. The 6-declension.
sunja, truth.
Sing. Plur.
Nom. bandi, band bandjos
Ace. bandja bandjos
Gen. bandjos bandjo
Dat. bandjai bandjom
3. The i-declension.
§ 162. b. Feminines,
Sing. Plur.
Nom. QXi!&\j^, favour ansteis
Voc. anst
Ace. anst anstins
Gen. anstais anste
Dat. anstai anstim
§§ 162-164.] THE I'DECLENSION. 75
taikns, /(^te ;
)>aurfts, «^^^ ; urrists, resurrection ; wens,
hope.
§ manner are
164. In the same also declined the abstract
nouns formed from weak verbs of the second and third con-
jugation ; as lajjons, invitation^ inf. lajjon, to invite) mitons,
a thought, inf. miton, to think over) salbons, ointment, inf.
save.
76 THE U'DECLENSION, [§§ 164-167.
The u-declension.
b. Neuters.
Gen. faihaus
Dat. faihau
Note. —The gen. fafhaus does not occur, but it can be inferred from
fild,us, the adverbial gen. of filu, much, gdiru (nom. sing.),^<?<2flf, and
sihu (ace. sing.), victory^ occur only once, and as glosses ; the latter is
§ 170, a. Masculines.
Sing. Plur.
Nom. hana, cock hanans
Ace. hanan hanans
Gen. hanins hanane
Dat. hanin hanam
well spring
J ; bloma, flower ; fana, bit of cloth ; galga, cross,
gallows I
gajuka, companion ;
garda, fold ;
gataura, tear^
78 THE WEAK DECLENSION, [§§171-173.
Note. — aba, wa;/, has in the gen. pi. abne, dat. pi. abnam ; and
aubsa, ox, has in the gen. pi. aiihsne. See § 108.
§ 172. b. Feminines.
Sing.
}>eih;6, thunder,
strife.
))aurstei, thirst.
§ 175. c. Weuters.
Sing. Plur.
Nom. Ace. hairto, heart hairtona
Gen. hairtins hairtane
Dat. hairtin hairtam
§ 176. Like hairto are declined the following nouns :
—
Note. wato, water has in the dat. pi. watnam, and namo, name^
^
has in the nom. ace. pi. namna other plural cases of these two words
;
C. Minor Declewsions.
§ 177. 1. Stems in -r.
Sing. Plur.
Nom. br6f>ar^ brother br6J?rjus
Ace. brojjar brofjruns
Gen. brojjrs bro}>re
Dat. br6J>r bro]?runi
8o MINOR DECLENSIONS, [§§ 177-180.
Note. —The nom. pi. is a new formation after the analogy of sunjus
(§ 166).
2. Stems in -nd.
Sing. Plur.
Nom. frijonds, /r tend frijonds
Voc. Ace. frijond frijonds
Gen. frijondis frijonde
Dat. frijond frijondam
3. Masculines.
Sing. Plur.
Nom. manna mans, mannans
Kc:c. mannan mans, mannans
Gen. mans manne
Dat. mann mannam
§§ 181-184.J MINOR DECLENSIONS, 81
menojjis ?), dat. meno)?, pi. nom. ace. menojjs, dat. meno-
)>uin sing. nom. reiks, ruler
; gen. reikis, dat. reik, pi.
^
nom. ace. reiks, gen. reike, dat. reikam sing. nom. weit- ;
§ 182. 4. Feminines.
Sing. Plur.
Nom. baurgs, city batirgs
Ace. baurg baurgs
Gen. baiirgs baurge
Dat. baurg baurgim
Note. —The dat. pi. was formed after the analogy of the i-declension
(§ 162).
waihts, thing.
declension (§ 162).
6. Neuters.
§ 184. Sing. nom. ace. fon, fire, gen. funins, dat. funin.
No plural forms occur.
82 STRONG DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES, [§§ 185-187.
CHAPTER XL
Declension of Adjectives.
A. STBOisra Declewsiow.
§ 186. The strong declension contains a-stems, i-stems,
and u-stems.
a-stems.
Pure a-stems.
Sing. .
Plur.
Nom. blinds/ blinda blindos
Ace. blindans blinda blindos
Gen. hlinddzze hlinddtze hlinddtzo
Dat. hlinddtm blinda/>?2 hlinddim
Note. — On adjectives like Idus, empty (gen. l^usis) ; gaqiss, con-
senting (gen. gaqissis) ; see § 141.
§§ i88, 189.] STRONG DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES, 83
ja-stems.
§ 189. The ja-stems are divided into two classes like the
Sing.
/
Plur.
Masc, NeuL Fern,
Norn. midj^/* midja midjos
Ace. midjans midja midjos
Gen. lanA^dize mididize jxiidi at zo
masc. freis.
§ 191.
Sing.
Masc. Neut. Fern.
Nom. wil}>eis, wild wil})i, wilpja/a wil)?i
wa-stems.
i-stems.
and in the nominal form of the nom. ace. sing. neut. The
gen. sing. fem. of an adjective of this class is not extant
nor is the -ata form of the nom. ace. sing. neut.
Sing.
Masc, Neut, Fem.
Nom. hrdins, clean hrdin hrains
Ace. hrdinj^wa hrdin hrainja
Gen. hrainis hrdinis *hrdinj^/2^f
Dat. \\xkvc^amma \ixk\n^amma hrainjai
Plur.
Nom. hrainjtf/ hrainja hrainjos
Ace. hrdinjans hrdinja hrdinjos
Gen. hrainidize hx^injdtze YnoBin^dizo
Dat. hrsiinidim hrainidzm hv^iuidim
others.
u-stems.
genders and in the ace. sing. neut. The gen. and dat. sing,
of all genders are wanting. The ending of the gen. sing. masc.
and neut. would probably be -due; cp. the adverbial gen.
fildus (§ 291). The nom. ace. neut. pi. are also wanting.
All the other extant cases have passed over into the ja-
declension.
86 WEAK DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES. [§§ 196--198.
Sing.
Masc. Neut, Fern.
Norn. hardus, hard hardu, hscrdjafa hardus
Ace. hsirdj ana hardu, hardja/a hardja
Gen. *hardaus *hardaus *h.Sirdidtzds
B. Weak DECLEisrsiON-
§ 198. The weak declension of adjectives agrees exactly
with that of the three nouns hana (§ 170), hairto (§ 175), and
tuggo (§ 172).
Sing.
Masc. Neut. Fern,
Nom. blinda, blind blindo blindo
Ace. blindan blindo blindon
Gen. blindins blindins blindons
Dat. blindin blindin blindon
Plur.
Nom. blindans blindona blindons
Ace. blindans blindona blindons
Gen. blindane blindane blindono
Dat. blindam blindam blindom
§ I99-] fVEAX DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES. 87
stems, thus :
ja-stems.
Sing.
Masc, Neut. Fern,
Nom. niuja, new niujo niujo
Ace. niujan niujo niujon
&c. &c. &c.
-
Sing.
Nom. wiljyja, wild wil)?j6 wiljjjo
Ace. wil}?jan wiljjjo wilfjon
&c. &c. &c.
i -stems.
Sing.
Masc. Neut, Fern,
Nom. hrainja, cleat I hrainjo hrainjo
Ace. hrainjan hrainjo hrainjon
&c. &c. &c.
u-stems.
Sing.
Masc, Neut. Fern,
Nom. hardja, hard hardjo hardjo
Ace. hardjan hardjo hardjon
&c. &c. &c.
88 DECLENSION OF PARTICIPLES, [§§ 200-202.
C. DECIiENSIOIjr OF Pabticiples.
§ 200. In the nom. sing. masc. the present participle has
Sing.
Masc, Neut, Fern,
Nom. nimands, nimanda, taking nimandS nimandei
Ace. nimandan nimando nimandein
Gen. nimandins nimandins nimandeins
Dat. nimandin nimandin nimandein
Plur.
Nom. nimandans nimandona nimandeins
Ace. nimandans nimandona nimandeins
Gen. nimandane nimandane nimandeino
Dat. nimandam nimandam nimandeim
§ 201. The past participle has both the strong and the
weak declension. In the former case it is declined like blinds
§ 20;2. Strong.
rSlNG.
§ 203. Weak.
Sing.
Masc. Neut, Fern.
Arc
f miTTianan numano numan6n
i- i.\^V^.
Positive. Comparative.
manags, great managiza
iu^S^, young juhiza(§§ 60, 119)
s-winj^s, strong swinjjoza
alj>eis, old al}>iza
2. The Superlative.
3. Irregular Comparison.
Numerals.
1. Cardinals.
pp. 11-17. The numerals 200, 300, 500, 900 are formed
from the units and the neut. noun hund, hundred, which is
2. Ordinals.
3. Other Numerals.
seven times ; cp. OE. »ne sitJa, once ; f if siSum, five times.
CHAPTER XII.
Pronouns.
220. 1. Personal.
First Person,
Sing. Dual. Plur.
Nom. ik,/ wit weis
Ace. mik ugkis, ugk uns, unsis
Gen. meina ugkara unsara
Dat. mis ugkis uns, unsis
Second Person,
Nom. ])u, thou *jut jus
Ace. J>uk igqis i2wis
Gen. feina igqara izwara
Dat. J)us igqis izwis
§§ 220-222.] REFLEXIVE AND POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS, 95
Third Person.
Sing.
Masc, Neut Fem>
Norn, is, he ita, it si, she
Ace. ina ita Ua
Gen. is is izos
Dat. imma imma izai
Plur.
Nom. eis . ya *ijos
Aee. ins *ija ijos
Gen. ize *ize izo
Dat. im im im
§ 221. 2. Reflexive.
Note. — sik, seina, sis are used for both numbers and all genders of
the third person.
3. Possessive.
The nom. of the possessive pronoun for both sing, and plural
all genders is expressed by the gen. case of the personal
pronoun (§ 220). See § 295.
§ 223. The possessive pronouns are declined according to
the strong declension like blinds (§ 187). The possessive
pronouns ending in -ar do not have the form in -ata in the
nom. ace. sing. neut. On the nom. sing. masc. unsar, &c.,
see § 141 :
Sing.
Masc, Neut, Fem,
Nom, meins mein, meinata meina
unsar unsar unsara
Ace. meinana mein, meinata meina
unsarana unsar unsara
seinana sein, seinata seina
4. Demonstrative.
Sing.
Masc, Neut. Fem.
Nom. sa }>ata so
Ace. J>ana J>ata fo
Gen. J,i8 ],i8 ]>izos
Plur.
Nom. Jjai ],o ]}OS
Sing.
Masc, Neut, Fern.
Nom. sah, this, that }>atuh soh
Ace. Jjanuh Jjatuh ]>oh
Geri. Jjizuh Jjizuh Jjizozuh
Dat. Jjammuh Jrammuh Jjizaib
Plur.
Nom. Jjaih fob Jjozuh
Ace. Jjanzuh Jjoh })6zuh
Gen. ])izeh J)izeh J>iz.6h
Note. — i. Of the plural of all genders only the nom. masc. is extant,
blinda (§ 198).
H
98 RELATIVE PRONOUNS. [§§ 229 231,
5. Relative.
Sing.
Masc. Neut. Fein,
Nom. saei Jjatel soei
Ace, ])anei Jjatei J36ei
Gen. J>i2ei J}izei Jjizozei
Dat, ^ammei ^ammei ]>izaiei
Plur.
Nom. faiei fpel J)6zei
Ace. Jjanzei J)oel Jjozei
Gen. J>izeei J>izeei *J>iz6ei
Dat. Jjaimei Jjaimei Jjaimei
6. Interrogative.
§ 233. Nom.
masc. and neut. hraj>ar, which of two,
sing.
inflected like midjis (§ 189), except that the neut. nom. sing,
7. Indefinite.
Note. — Of the fern, only the nom. occurs. Ace. pi. masc, luanzuh
^Iso occurs (§ 232 note).
'
Sing.
Note. — i. Of the neut. only the nom. and of the fem. only the ace.
occur.
2. The uninflected form ain- prefixed to hjarjizuh forms the com-
pound dinh;arjizuh, every one. The foUowmg cases are found masc. :
clined as follows :
Masc. Neut.
Nom. J>ishrazuh saei J)ish;ah J>ei or Jjatei
Ace. J>ishranoh saei ])ishrah J>ei or Jjatei
Gen. wanting }>ishrizuh Jjei
Sing.
Masc. Neut. Fern.
Nom. ainshun ainhun ainohun
^i^^^^^^
Ace. 1 I ainhun ainohun
\ ainohun J
CHAPTER XIII.
Verbs.
wanting.
Three persons : The third person of the dual is wanting.
In the present passive there is only one form for all three
persons of the plural.
Two tenses : present and preterite.
Two complete moods : indicative and subjunctive (origin-
Conjugation.
§ 240. The Gothic verbs are divided into two great classes
(strong and weak) according to the formation of the preterite
tense. Besides these two great classes of strong and weak
verbs, there are a few others which will be treated under the
general heading Minor Oroups,
§ 241. Strong verbs form their preterite by ablaut (nima,
/ take, nam, / took), or simply by reduplication (haita, / call,
haihait, / called), or else by ablaut and reduplication com-
bined (teka, / touch, tait6k, / touched). The strong verbs
are subdivided into two classes : non-reduplicated and re-
duplicated verbs. The non-reduplicated verbs are divided
into six classes according to the first six ablaut-series given
in § 105. The reduplicated verbs, which form their preterite
by ablaut and reduplication combined, belong to the seventh
ablaut-series (§ 105). Both these and those which form
their preterite by reduplication simply, are here put together
and called Class VII
§ 242. Weak verbs form their preterite by the addition of
the syllable -da, (-ta), as sokja, / seek, sokida, / sought',
A. Strong Verbs.
§ 243. The conjugation of niman, to take, and haitan, to
a. ^.ctive.
Present.
In0ic. SuBj.
Sing. I. nima haiita nimau haitau
2. nimis haitis nimais haitais
3- nimijj haitij) nimai haitai
Dual t. nimos haitos niinaiwa haitaiwa
2. nimats haitats nimaits haitaits
Plur. I. nimam haitam riimaima haitaima
2. nimi]) haitij) nimaij) haitaij)
Imperative.
Sing. 2. nim hait
3. nimadati haitadau
Dual 2. nimats haitats
Plur. I. nimam haitam
2. nimij> haitij}
3. nimandau haitandau
Infinitive.
niman haitan
Participle.
nimands haitands
Preterite,
Indic. SuBJ.
Participle.
numans haitans
b. Passive.
Present.
Indic. Subj \,
See § 120.
io6 STRONG VERBS, CLASSES /, //. [§§ 244-247,
(3) I pers. pi. pret. indie, (4) the past participle. See
§§ 105, 107.
§245. CliASS I.
cease ;
ga-teihan, to tetl ;
Jjeihan, to thrive ;
J>reihan, to press
upon ; weihan, to fight ; weipan, to crown ; in-weitan, to
worship.
Class III.
CLASS IV.
§ 251. To this class belong strong verbs whose stems end
in a single nasal or liquid, and a few others. Cp. § 107.
Class V.
§ 253. To this class belong strong verbs having i (ai) in
wrikan, to persecute.
Class VII.
§ 257. The reduplicated verbs are most conveniently
divided into two classes :
Note. —In verbs beginning with two consonants, only the first is
Class (a).
Note. — i. The following verbs, the preterites of which are not extant,
also belong us-alpan, to grow old blandan, to mix
here : ana- ; ;
pp. gaggans, the wanting pret. *gaigagg is supplied by the weak pret.
iddja (§ 265).
Note. — 3. Here belongs also uf-blesan, to blow up^ puff tip^ which
only occurs in the pres. pass., 3 pers, sg. and the pp.
112 REDUPLICATED STRONG VERBS. [§§258-260.
Class (b).
Note. —Of waian only the pres. part. masc. dat. sing, ("waiandin),
and the pret. 3 pers. pi. occur. The 2 pers. sing. pret. of saian is
saisost, with the ending -st, instead of -t, from verbs like last, where -st
was regular, see § 120.
B. Weak Vebbs.
two classes :
— (i) verbs with a short stem-syllable, as nasjan,
to save\ or with a long open syllable, as stojan, to judge) (2)
verbs with a long closed syllable, as sokjati, to seek] and
polysyllabic verbs, as glitmunjan, to shine.
The two classes only differ in the 2 and 3 pers. sing, and
the 2 pers. pi. of the pres. indie, and in the 2 pers. pi.
imperative. Class (i) has -ji-, but class (2) -ei-. See § 130.
a. Actitre.
Present,
Indicative.
Subjunctive.
Sing. I. nasjau stojau sokjau
2. nasjais stojais sokjais
3. nasjai stojai sokjai
Dual I. nasjaiwa stojaiwa sokjaiwa
2. nasjaits stojaits sokjaits
Plur. I. nasjaima stojaima sokjaima
2. nasjaijj stojaijj sokjaijj
Imperative.
Infinitive.
Participle.
Preterite,
Indic.
SUBJ.
Sing. I. nasidedjau stauidedjau sokidedjau
2. nasidedeis stauidedeis sokidedeis
3. nasidedi stauidedi sokidedi
Dual I. nasidedeiwa stauidedeiwa sokidedeiwa
2, nasidedeits stauidedeits sokidedeits
§§ 261-263.] FIRST WEAK CONJUGATION. 11
Participle.
b. Passive.
Prese7it.
Indic.
SuBj.
Sing. I. nasjaidau stojaidau sokjaidau
2. nasjaizau stojaizau sokjaizau
3. nasjaidau stojaidau sokjaidau
Plur. 1.2.3. nasjaindau stojaindau sokjaindau
Note. — On stojan beside stauida, see §§ 78, 79.
§ 262. Like nasjan are conjugated the following and many
other verbs: arjan, to plough) gatamjan, to tame] hazjan,
to praise] huljan, to hide] kukjan, /6> kiss] lagjan, to lay \
I 2
ii6 FIRST WEAK CONJUGATION. [§§ 263-265.
see § 120. On the vowel lengthening in brahta, pahta, see § 57, and
265, 266.] SECOND WEAK CONJUGA TION, 117
puhta, § 60. The pp. pahts, puhts occur only in compound adjectives,
anda-pahts, cautious, vigilant hauh-puhts, high-minded.
;
a. Active.
Present,
Indic. SuBJ. Imperative.
Sing. I. salbo, I anoint salbo —
2. salbos salbos salbo
3. salboj) salbo salbodaa
Dual I. salbos salbowa
2. salbo ts salbots salbots
Plur. I. salbom salboma salbom
2. 8albo]> salbo]) salbo])
3. salbond salbona salbondau
Infin. Participle.
salbon salbonds
Preterite.
Indic. SuBj.
Sing. I. salboda salbodedjdu
2. salbodes salbodedeis
[&c. like nasida] [&c, like nasi-dedjdu]
ii8 THIRD WEAK CONJUGATION, [§§266-268.
Participle.
salbo]>s
b. Passive.
Present,
Indic. SuBj.
Sing. I . salboda salbodau
2. salboza salbozau
3. salboda salbodau
Plur . I. 2. 3. salbonda salbondau
to forget.
a. Active.
Present,
Indic. SuBj. Imperative.
Sing. I. haba, I have habau
2. habais habais habai
3. habdij) habai habadau
§§ 268, 269.] THIRD WEAK CONJUGA TION. 119
Preterite.
Indic. Subj.
Sing. I. habaida habaidedjau
2. habaides habaidedeis
[&c. like nasida] [&c. like nasidedjau]
Participle.
hab«i|)s
b. Passive.
Present,
Indic. Subj.
Sing. I. habada habaidau
2. habaza habaizdu
3. habada habaiddu
Plur. I. 2.3. habanda habaindau
Present.
Indiq. SuBJ. Imperative.
Sing. I. fullna, I become full fuUnau
2. fullnis '^
fuUnais fiilln
Preterite.
Sing. I. fuUnoda fuUnodedjau
2. fuUnodes fuUnodedeis
[&c. like nasida] [&c. like nasidedjdu]
Note.— All verbs belonging to this class are intransitive, and accord-
ingly have no passive voice.
§§ 27I-274-] PRETERITE-PRESENTS. 1 2
hecome blind ;
ga-dauj)nan, to die ;
ga-haftnan, to he attached
to ;
ga-hailnan, to hecome whole ;
ga-qiunan, to he made alive ;
C. MINOR GROUPS,
A. Preterite-Presents.
§ 272. These verbs have strong preterites with a present
meaning, like Greek otSa, Lat. novi, / know, to which new
weak preterites have been formed. The following verbs,
most of which are very defective, belong to this class
§ 277. V. Ablaut-series.
mag, / can, may, 2 sing, magt, dual m.agu, maguts, i pi.
magum, subj. magjau, pret. indie, mahta, pret. subj. mah-
tedjau, infin. "^magan, pres. part, magands, pp. mahts.
The pres. part, of the real old infin. still survives in un-
agands, fearless.
§§ 279-281,] VERBS IN -ML 123
—
Note. In the pres. h was regular in the i, 3 pers. sing, indie. (§ 119),
and g in all other forms of the present. But in a few cases we find h
where we should expect g, and in one case g instead of h. The figures
in brackets give the number of times h and g occur in forms of the
present.
Present,
Indic. Subj.
ing. I. im, I am sijau
2. is sijais
3- ist sijai
Indic. SuBj.
Plur. I. sijum sijaima
2. sijuj> sijaij?
3. sind sijaina
Preterite,.
Indic. SuBj.
Sing. I. was wesjau
2. wast weseis
[&c. like nam, § 243] [&c. like nemjau]
Participle wisans
Note. — i. For the imperative the subj. forms sijais, &c., are used.
2 . Observe the elision of the vowel in nist = ni ist, patist = pata ist,
3. will 3. wileina
Dual 2. wileits
Prete^'ite,
Indic. Subj.
Sing. I. wilda wUdedjau
[&c. like nasida, § 261] [&c. like nasidedjau]
§§283-286.] ADVERBS. 125
CHAPTER XIV.
Appendix.
1. Adverbs.
day ;
gistradagis, to-mo7'row ; dagis hrizuh, day by day
ni aiw, never; fram himma nu, henceforth.
§ 288. 2. Prepositions.
ana, on, upon ; at, at, by, to ; bi, by, about, around, against,
according to ; hindar, behind, beyond, among ; uf, under ;
ufar,
over, above; und, with ace, until, up to, with dat y^r.
into, towards, with dat. in, into, ainong, with gen. on account of.
§ 289.] CONJUNCTIONS, 127
§ 289. 3. Conjunctions.
but also,
(7) Final: ei, ]>atei, Jjeei, Jjei, that; du]>e, duj>])e ei, du
J>aninia ei, to the end that ; ei, swaei, swaswe, so that; ibai
(iba), lest, that . . . not.
not.
CHAPTER XV.
Syntax.
Cases.
Abraha?n as father,
§ 291. Genitive. Many verbs govern the direct or in-
direct object in the genitive, as hilp meinaizos ungalaubei-
nais, help thou my unbelief] fraihna jah ik izwis ainis
waurdis, I will also ask you one word] saei allis skamaij)
sik meina aijjfau meinaize waurde, J)izuh sunus mans
skamaij) sik, for whosoever shall be ashamed of me or my
words^ of him shall the son of man be ashamed. Other ex-
amples are brukjan, to use] fuUjan, to fill] fulhian, to be-
come full] gairnjan, to long for ]
ga-hrainjan, to make clean]
ga-J)arban, to abstain from \
ga-weis6n, to visit] hailjan, to
K
130 GENITIVE CASE, [§291.
she is free from that law ; similarly filu, much ; laus, empty,
void] wans, lacking, wanting] wairjjs, worthy, etc.
utana (iitajjro), from without, out of] ufaro (also the dat.),
over, above.
§§ 291, 292.] GENITIVE AND DATIVE CASES. 131
Adjectives.
'
§ 293. Adjectives agree with their nouns in number,
gender, and case not only when used attributively, but also
Pronouns.
Verbs.
dijjein seinai,_/2?r this reason a man shall leave his father and
this who forgiveth sins P ] nih allis ist hra fulginis J>atei ni
manifested.
fast.
140 VERBS, [§§298-300.
qij>and usstass ni wisan, they say that there is not any resur-
rection.
UliFlIiAS.
Ulfilas (Gothic Wulfila) was born about the year 311 A.D., but where
his birthplace was in the wide tract of country then inhabited by the
Goths, is not known. Although Ulfilas was born and grew up among
the Goths, he was of Cappadocian descent. According to the testi-
Goths, during an irruption made by this people into the northern parts
of Asia Minor in the year 267.
In the year 332 he accompanied an embassy to Constantinople, where
he remained until 341. In the latter year he was consecrated bishop of
the Goths dwelling North of the Danube. For seven years (341-8)
he laboured zealously among the Goths in Dacia, and won over a great
multitude of them to the Christian faith. But the persecution and
oppression, which Ulfilas and his converts suffered through Athanaric,
became so great that he applied to Constantinus in 348 for permission
across the Danube, and settled near Nicopolis in Moesia, at the foot of
the Balkan mountains, where he preached and laboured until his death,
which took place in 383 while on a visit to Constantinople.
By far the most important source of our knowledge of the life and
work of Ulfilas is found in the account of him given by Auxentius, from
which we extract the following passage (for the full account the
TEXT. 143
penitus tacere non audeo ; cui plus omnium ego sum debitor, quantum
et amplius in me laborabit, qui me a prima etate mea a parentibus meis
discipilum suscepit et sacras litteras docuit et veritatem manifestavit
et per misericordiam dei et gratiam Cristi et carnaliter et spiritaliter
so as not to excite the warlike spirit of his people. The latter remark
was no doubt a pure invention on the part of Sokrates, because the
books of Joshua and Judges would have even been more likely to stimu-
late the Gothic passion for fighting than the books of Kings. The
probability is, as Bradley points out, that Ulfilas did not live to finish
his translation, and that he intended to leave to the last the books
which he thought least important for his great purpose of making good
Christians.
were written in Italy about the year 500. The fragments of the New
Testament all point to one and the same translator, but the two small
fragments of the books of Ezra and Nehemiah differ so much in style
from those of the New Testament, that scholars now regard them as
being the work of a later translator. It is also highly improbable that
Ulfilas was the author of the fragments of a commentary on the Gospel
of St. John, first published by Massmann under the title :
* Skeireins
aiwaggeljons J)airh Johannen,' Munich, 1834.
The Manuscripts, containing the fragments of Gothic, which ha.ve
and Colossians.
For other fragments of Gothic which have come down to us, see the
article '
Gotische Literatur,' by E. Sievers, in Paul's Grundriss der
germanischen Philologie, vol. ii. pp. 69, 70.
The following short list of books and articles will be useful to
students wishing to pursue a further study of Gothic :
(i) The history of the Goths and the life of Ulfilas. t)ber das
Leben und die Lehre des Ulfila, by G. Waitz, Hannover, 1840. Uber
das Leben des Ulfilas und die Bekehrung der Gothen zum Christentum,
by W. Bessel, Gottingen, i860. Ulfilas, Apostle of the Goths, by Ch.
A. A. Scott, Cambridge, 1885. The Goths, by H. Bradley, London, 1890.
(2) Editions. Ulfilas, by H. C. von der Gabelentz and J. Loebe,
2 vols., Altenburg und Leipzig, 1836-1846. Volume i, containing the
text, Latin translation, and critical notes, is now antiquated. But
vol. ii, containing the glossary and grammar, is very valuable, especially
for the accidence and syntax. Ulfilas, by H. F. Massmann, Stuttgart,
1857, containing also a Latin and a Greek text, notes, glossary,
rediviva folia, 1857 > Fragmenta gothica selecta, 1861 ; Codices gotici
ambrosiani, 1 864-1 868). Vulfila, oder die gotische Bibel, by E. Bern-
hardt, Halle, 1875, containing a most valuable introduction, Greek
text, and commentary. The first Germanic Bible, translated from the
Greek by the Gothic bishop, Wulfila, in the fourth century, and the
other remains of the Gothic language. With an introduction, a syntax,
and a glossary, by G. H. Balg, Milwaukee, Wis., 1891. Ulfilas, by
M. Heyne, ninth edition, Paderborn, 1896, containing also a grammar
and glossary. It is from this edition that our specimens have been
taken.
For a fairly complete list of the various editions of Ulfilas, see the
introduction to Bernhardt's edition, pp. Ixii-lxv.
L
146 TEXT,
(5) For a list of other works and articles relating to Gothic, see
K. Goedeke's Grundriss zur Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung, second
edition, Dresden, 1884, vol. i. pp. 7-1 1: and the two articles by
E. Sievers mentioned above.
AfWAGGELJO I^AIRH MAl>i>AIU.
CHAPTER VL
1 AtsaihriJ) armaion izwara ni taujan in andwairj^ja manne
du saihran im ; aif)]5au laun ni habaij> fram attin izwa-
ramma J)amma in himinam.
2 tan nu taujais armaion, ni haiirnjais faiira ]?us, swaswe
}>ai liutans taujand in gaqumj)im jah in garunsim, ei
L 2
148 AIIVAGGELJO pAIRH MAhpAIU. [Ch. vi. 9-2.:^.
17 If) J^u fastands salbo, haubij? J>ein, jah ludja f>eina fjwah,
i8, ei ni gasaihraizau mannam fastands, ak attin J>einamma
fjamma in fulhsnja, jah atta f>eins saei saihrif) in fulhsnja,
usgibif) f)us.
23 ij5 jabai augo J^ein unsel ist, allata leik J?ein riqizein wairj^i]^.
Jabai nu liuha]? f>ata in })us riqiz ist, J^ata riqiz hran filu
Ch. vi. 24; Ch. viii. 3.] AIWAGGELJO pAIRH MAppAIU, 149
CHAPTER VIII.
in jainai hreilai.
hairda sweine ;
jah sai, run gawaurhtedun sis alia so
hairda and driuson in marein, jah gadauj^nodedun in
watnam.
33 If) f>ai haldandans gaf)lauhun jah galeif)andans gataihun
in baurg all bi J)ans daimonarjans.
34 Jah sai, alia so baiirgs usiddja wif>ra lesu, jah gasaihran-
dans ina bedun ei uslij)i hindar markos ize.
CHAPTER XI.
CHAPTER I.
imma.
2 Jah galif)un in Kafarnaum, jah suns sabbato daga galei-
bokarjos.
ah unhulf>ons uswairpands.
Ch. i. 40 ; Ch. ii. 6.] AIWAGGELJO pAIRH MARKU, 157
42 Jah bif)e qaf) J^ata lesus, suns f)ata l^rutsfill aflaif) af imma,
jah brains warf).
CHAPTER II.
hairtam izwaraim?
9 hraf)ar ist azetizo du qij)an J^amma uslif>in : afletanda
f>us frawaurhteis J^einos, f)au qij^an : urreis jah nim f)ata
1 )?us qif)a : urreis nimuh J?ata badi f)ein jah gagg du garda
f)einamma.
12 Jah urrais suns jah ushafjands badi usiddja faiira and-
wairf)ja allaize, swasvve usgeisnodedun allai jah hauhidedun
mikiljandans guj>, qij^andans ]?atei aiw swa ni gasehrun.
13 Jah galaij? aftra faur marein, jah all manageins iddjedun
du imma, jah laisida ins.
wisandam ?
CHAPTER III.
f)ahaidedun.
imma.
9 Jah qa]? ]:>dim siponjam seinaim ei skip habaij? wesi at
imma in f)izos manageins, ei ni J)rafheina ina.
M
1 62 AiWAGGELJO pAIRH MARKU. [Ch. iii. 28; Ch. iv. 5.
brof)rjus meinai ?
CHAPTER IV.
seinai
namma.
4 Jah warf), mif)f)anei saiso, sum raihtis gadraus faiir wig,
jah qemun fuglos jah fretun f>ata.
5 AnJ)aruj5-f)an gadraus ana stainahamma, f>arei ni habaida
Ch. iv. 5-19.] AtWAGGELJO pAIRH MARKU. 163
10 IJ> bij^e warf) sundro, frehun ina f)ai bi ina mif) J^aim twa-
Hbim )?izos gajukons.
1 Jah qaf) im : izwis atgiban ist kunnan runa f)iudangard-
jos guf>s, ij) jainaim f)aim uta in gajukom allata wair]?if),
1 ei saihrandans saihraina jah ni gaumjaina, jah hausjandans
hausjaina jah ni fra}>jaina, nibai hran gawandjaina sik jah
afletaindau im frawaiirhteis.
gajukons kunneif) ?
14 Sa saijands waiird saijif>.
15 Af)J>an f)ai wif)ra wig sind, f)arei saiada f)ata waiird, jah f)an
M 2
1 64 AIWAGGELJO pAfRH MARKU. [Ch. iv. 19-32.
20 Jah ]5ai sind f)ai ana airf)ai ]?izai godon saianans \>i\^\
hausjand ])ata waiird jah andnimand, jah akran bairand,
ain 'l* jah ain j* jah ain t*.
21 Jah qaf) du im : ibai lukarn qimij? duj>e ei uf melan
satjaidau aiJ^J^au undar ligr ? niu ei ana lukarnastaf)an
satjaidau ?
27 Jah slepif) jah urreisi]? naht jah daga, jah J>ata fraiw keini]?
jah liudij> swe ni wait is.
skipa ;
jah f)an anf)ara skipa wesun mif) imma.
37 Jah warf) skura windis mikila jah wegos waltidedun in
41 Jah ohtedun sis agis mikil, jah qej^un du sis misso : hras
J^annu sa sijai, unte jah winds jah marei ufhausjand
imma ?
CHAPTER V.
»
5 Jah sinteino nahtam jah dagam in aurahjom jah in fair-
gunjam was hropjands jah bliggwands sik stainam.
7 jah hropjands stibnai mikilai qaj? : hra mis jah f>us, lesu,
sunau guj^s J)is hauhistins ? biswara J^uk bi guf)a, ni balw-
jais mis
8 Unte qa}> imma : usgagg, ahma unhrainja, us J^amma
mann
9 Jah frah ina : hra namo f>ein ? Jah qaj) du imma : namo
mein Lafgafon, unte managai sijum.
10 Jah baj? ina filu ei ni usdrebi im us landa.
1 Wasuh J^an jainar hairda sweine haldana at f)amma fafr-
gunja.
1 Jah bedun ina alios f)os unhulj^ons qij)andeins : insandei
unsis in ]?o sweina, ei in \o galeij^aima.
waurf)ano.
15 Jah atiddjedun du lesua, jah gasaihrand f)ana wodan
sitandan jah gawasidana jah fraf)jandan f)ana saei habaida
lafgafon, jah ohtedun.
16 Jah spillodedun im f)aiei gasehrun, hraiwa warf) bi f)ana
wodan jah bi \o sweina.
17 Jah dugunnun bidjan ina galeif>an hindar markos seinos.
1 Jah inn gaggandan ina in skip baj? ina, saei was wods, ei
42 Jah suns urrais so mawi jah iddja ; was auk jere twalibe ;
CHAPTER VL
1 Jah usstoj) jainf)ro jah qam in landa seinamma, jah laisti-
jah luse jah ludins jah Seimonis ? jah niu sind swistrjus
is her at unsis ? Jah gamarzidai waurf)un in ]?amma.
4 QaJ) )?an im lesus f>atei nist praiifetus unswers, niba in
gabaurf^ai seinai jah in ganif)jam jah in garda seinamma.
23 Jah swor izai f)atei J^ishrah j^ei bidjais mik, giba f)us und
halba J^iudangardja meina.
24 If) si usgaggandei qaj? du aif)ein seinai : hris bidjau ? If)
53 jah duatsniwun.
CHAPTER VII.
aif>ein seinai,
anafulhuf) ;
jah galeik swaleikata manag taujif).
CHAPTER VIII.
f)amma taikne.
qef>un : sibun.
21 Jah qaf> du im : hraiwa ni nauh fraf>ji]:? ?
Xristus.
31 Jah dugann laisjan ins f)atei skal sunus mans filu winnan
jah uskiusan skulds ist fram ))aim sinistam jah f>aim aiihu-
mistam gudjam jah bokarjam, jah usqiman jah afar f)rins
dagans usstandan.
32 Jah swikunf>aba f>ata waurd rodida ;
jah aftiuhands ina
Paitrus dugann andbeitan ina
33 ij? is gawandjands sik jah gasaihrands f>ans siponjans
seinans andbait Paitru qif)ands gagg hindar mik, Satana,
:
CHAPTER IX.
N
178 AiWAGGELJO pAfkH MARKU. [Ch. ix. 10-23.
marein.
43 Jah jabai marzjai f)uk handus J?eina, afmait J)o; goj? J?us
45 J^h jabai fotus J^eins marzjai J^uk, afmait ina; go)? f>us
ist galeif>an in Hbain haltamma, f)au twans fotuns haban-
din gawairpan in gafainnan, in fon f)ata unhrapnando,
46 )?arei ma)?a ize ni gaswiltij? jah fon ni afhrapni]?.
47 Jah jabai augo f>ein marzjai f)uk, uswafrp imma; gof) J?us
ist haihamma galeij>an in ]?iudangardja guf>s, f)au twa
augona habandin atwairpan in gafainnan funins,
48 f)arei maf)a ize ni gadauj)nij? jah fon ni afhrapnif>.
49 hrazuh auk funin saltada jah hrarjatoh hunsle salta
saltada.
Ch. ix. 50 ; Ch. X. 14.] AIIVA GGELJO pAtRH MARKU. 1 8
CHAPTER X.
barna gaggan du mis jah ni warjif) J)o, unte f)ize ist f)iu-
dangardi guf)s.
.l82 AfWAGGELJO pAIRB MARKU, [Ch» x. 15-27.
mans frumans.
32 WesunuJ)-f)an ana wiga gaggandans du lairusaulymai jah
faurbigaggands ins lesus, jah sildaleikidedun jah afarlaist-
daupjada, ei daupjaindau .?
1 84 AIWAGGELJO pAtRH MARKU. [Ch. x. 39-52.
CHAPTER XI.
imma ni waiht bigat ana imma niba lauf ; ni auk was mel
smakkane.
14 Jah usbairands qa]? du imma: ni f)anaseif>s us J^us aiw
manna akran matjai. Jah gahausidedun J^ai siponjos is.
missadedins izwaros.
26 If) jabai jus ni afletif), ni f)au atta izwar sa in himinam
afletif) izwis missadedins izwaros.
andhafjif) mis.
CHAPTER XII.
CHAPTER XIII.
16 wastja seina.
1 Af>]:>an wai f)aim qij^uhaftom jah daddjandeim in jainaim
dagam.
18 Af)f)an bidjaij) ei ni wafrf)4i sa J^ladhs izwar wintrdu.
19 Wairf>and auk )?ai dagos jainai agio swaleika, swe ni was
swaleika fram anastodeindi gaskaftais f>oei gaskop guf),
nehra sijuf) at
CHAPTER XIV.
6 IJ? lesus qaf) : letif) j?o ; duhre izai usf)riutif) ? j^annu gof>
waiirstw waiirhta bi mis.
7 Sinteino auk f>ans unledans habaij? mif) izwis, jah }^an
wileif), magu]^ im waila taujan; i)? mik ni sinteino habaij).
taihswo.
48 Jah andhafjands lesus qaj? du im : swe du waidedjin
urrunnu]^ mi]? hairum jah triwam greipan mik.
o
194 AfWAGGEiyO pAfRH MARKU, [Ch. xiv. 55-68.
galeika ist.
CHAPTER XV.
1 Jah sunsaiw in maiirgin garHni taujandans J^ai auhumis-
tans gudjans mij? }?aim sinistam jah bokarjam, jah alia so
gafaurds gabindandans lesu brahtedun ina at Peilatau.
2 Jah frah ina Peilatus \m is f)iudans ludaie : ? If) is
2
1 96 AIWAGGELJO pAlRH MARKU, [Ch. xv. 10-25.
ushramif)s wesi.
16 If) gadraiihteis gataiihun ina innana gardis, f)atei ist
hrairneins staf)S.
33 Jah bi]:)e war]? hreila saihsto, riqis war)^ ana allai airj^ai
und hreila niundon.
34 Jah niundon hreilai wopida lesus stibnai mikilai qif>ands:
ailoe ailoe, lima sibak]9anei, J^atei ist gaskeiri}) : guj?
meins, gu]^ meins, duhre mis bilaist ?
Helian wopei)^.
36 i^ragjands f>an ains jah gafulljands swam akeitis, galag-
jands ana raus, dragkida ina qij^ands let, ei safhjam :
CHAPTER XVI.
CHAPTER 11.
seinamma.
20 Jah gawandidedun sik l^ai hairdjos mikiljandans jah haz-
jandans guj? in allaize )?izeei gahausidedun jah gasehrun
swaswe rodif) was du im.
2 Jah bif>e usfulnodedun dagos ahtau du bimaitan ina. jah
Israela.
jah dagam.
Ch. ii. 38-51.] AtWAGGELJO pAIRH LUKAN. 203
sokjandona ina.
46 Jah warj? afar dagans f)rins, bigetun ina in alh sitandan
in midjaim laisarjam jah hausjandan im jah fraihnandan ins.
seinamma»
204 aIwA GGELJO pAIRH LUKAN, [CK ii. 52 ; Ch. iv. 1 1
52 Jah lesus f)aih frodein jah wahstau jah anstai at gu]?a jah
mannam.
CHAPTER IV.
du gafastan J>uk,
sunjane landis.
38 Usstandands ]:>an us })izai synagogai galaif) in gard
Ch. iv. 38 ; Ch. xiv. 14.] AfWAGGELJO pAfkH LVKAN, 207
CHAPTER XIV.
land baiihta, jah f)arf galei]^an jah saihran j^ata ; bidja J^uk,
habai mik faiirqij^anana.
19 Jah anf>ar qa)^ : juka aiihsne usbauhta fimf, jah gagga
kausjan f>ans ; bidja J^uk, habai mik faurqipsanana.
20 Jah sums qaf) : qen liugaida, jah duf>e ni mag qiman.
21 Jah qimands sa skalks gataih fraujin seinamma ]^ata>
i^anuh J)wafrhs sa gardawaldands qa)^ du skalka sei-
namma : usgagg sprauto in gatwons jah staigos baiirgs,
CHAPTER XV.
?
210 AlWAGGELJO pAiRH LUKAN, [Ch. xv. 6-19.
17 Qimands f)an in sis qaf): hran filu asnje attins meinis ufa-
rassau haband hlaibe, if> ik huhrau fraqistna.
p 2
AIWAGGELJO l>AIRH JOHANNEN.
CHAPTER XII.
8 lip f>ans unledans sinteino habai]? milp izwis, i]> mik ni,
sinteino habaif>.
9 Fanj5 f)an manageins filu ludaie J)atei lesus jainar ist, jah
qemun, ni in lesuis ainis, ak ei jah Lazaru sehreina J^anei
urraisida us dauj^aim. •
•'*^
Ch. xii. 10-23.] AhVAGGEiyO pAIRH JOHANNEN. 2 1
gamelif)
15 ni ogs f»us, dauhtar Sion, sai, J)iudans f>eins qimi}^ sitands
ana fulin asilaus.
hreilai.
izwara.
31 Nu staua ist ]5izai manasedai, nu sa reiks f>is fairtiraus us-
wairpada ut.
galaubidedun imma,
38 ei J^ata waurd Esaeiins praiifetaus usfullnodedi J^atei qa)?
frauja, hras galaubida hauseinai unsarai? jah arms frau-
jins hramma andhulif>s warf) ?
nasjau manased.
48 Saei frakann mis jah ni andnimi]^ waiirda meina, habaid
)?ana stojandan sik. Waurd f)atei rodida, f>ata stoji]? ina
in spedistin daga.
CHAPTER XIV.
3 Jah J)an jabai gagga /(^^ manwja izwis stad, aftra qima
jah franima izwis du mis silbin, ei ]?arei im ik, f)aruh siju]?
jah jus.
4 Jah f'adei ik gagga kunnu)^, jah f)ana wig kunnuf).
5 i'aruh qaf) imma t'omas : frauja, ni witum hraf> gaggis,
9 taruh qa]:) imma lesus : swalaud melis mif) izwis was, jah
ni ufkunf>es mik, Filippu? saei gasahr mik, gasahr attan,
23 Andhof lesus jah qaf) du imma : jabai hras mik frijof) jah
waiird mein fastai]^, jah atta meins frijo]^ ina, jah du imma
galeif>os jah salif)wos at imma gataujos.
24 IJ) saei ni frijo]? mik, J)o waiirda meina ni fastaij? ;
jah
f)ata waiird f)atei hauseif) nist mein, ak f>is sandjandins
mik attins.
laubjaif).
gaggam f^apro.
CHAPTER XV.
friaf)wai is.
izwara usfulljaidau.
1 fata ist anabusns meina, ei frijoj) izwis misso, swaswe ik
frijoda izwis.
izwis.
bi mik.
27 Jah f)an jus weitwodeif>, unte fram fruma mif) mis sijuj).
CHAPTER XVII.
hauhjai f)uk ;
8 unte J50 waurda \ot\ atgaft mis, atgaf im, jah eis nemun
bi sunjai f>atei fram f)us urrann, jah galdubidedun J^atei
swaswe wit.
12 f'an was mi]^ im in })amma fafrhrau, ik fastdida ins in
namin J^einamma, tanzei atgaft mis gafastaida, jah
ainshun us im ni fraqistnoda, niba sa sunus fralustais, ei
J^ata gamelido usfullij) waiirj^i.
'
jodes ins, swaswe mik frijodes.
24 Atta, f)atei atgaft mis, wiljau ei f)arei im ik, jah f)ai sijaina
CHAPTER I.
fahedais usfullnau,
mahtai guf>s,
jdinamma daga ;
jah hran filu mdis in Aifaison and-
bahtida mis, waila f>u kant.
CHAPTER II.
afaiki]^ uns
1 jabai ni galaubjam, jains triggws wisif) ; afaikan sik silban
ni mag.
14 I'ize gamaudei, weitwodjands in andwafr]?ja fraujins.
f>aim hausjondam.
1 Usdaudei ]?uk silban gakusanana usgiban guf>a waurstwjan
unaiwiskana, raihtaba raidjandan waurd sunjos.
16 I]? \o dwalona usweihona lausawaurdja biwandei; unte
filu gaggand du afgudein,
17 jah waurd ize swe gunds ali]^; j^izeei ist Ymainaius jah
Filetus,
18 ]:aiei bi sunja uswissai usmetun, qi]^andans usstass ju
waurf)ana, jah galaubein sumaize uswaltidedun.
19 Af)f)an tulgus grunduwaddjus gups standi]?, habands
sigljo ]?ata : kun]:>a frauja ]?ans J^aiei sind is, jah : afstandai
af unselein hrazuh saei namnjai namo fraujins.
Q
226 DU TEIMAdpAiAU ANpARA. [Ch. ii. 20; Ch. iii. 5.
CHAPTER IIL
unmanariggwai, unseljai,
4 fralewjandans, untilamalskai, ufbduliddi, frijondans wiljan
seinana mais f>au guf>,
5 habandans hiwi gagudeins, Vp maht iz5s inwidandans ;
jah
J>ans afwandei.
Ch. iii. 6-17.] DU TEIMa6J?AIAU ANGARA. 227
Q 2
228 DU TEIMAUpAfAu ANpARA. [Ch. iv. 1-13.
CHAPTER IV.
nassu is
St. Matthew.
CHAPTER VI.
your father will not forgive your trespasses. For ni pdu. the Gr. version
has ovhkj and not, nor.
23. pata riqiz hran filu! supply ist; and on the -z in riqiz, see
§ 141 note I.
24. jabai . . . aippau, either . . . or. Ulfilas seems to have read «t,
dat. of the things compared, dependent upon mais. Cp. the similar
idiomatical construction in Greek and Latin, where the former has the
gen. and the latter the ablative, as fxel^ojv tov ddekcpov = rj 6 db€\(p6s
CHAPTER VIII.
gg q and k.
before
24. swaswe pata skip gahulip wairpan fram wegim. To indicate
consequence or result swaswe with the inf. is sometimes used, in imita-
tion of the Greek coare with inf. ; cp. (ucrre to ttXolov /caXviTTeaOai. In
the pi. wegs fluctuates between the a- and i-declension ; cp. wegos in
30. haldana, pp. with act. meaning like the Gr. ^oaKOfi^vrj, agreeing
with hairda.
31. qipandans, masc. agreeing with the natural gender.
32. hairda has the verb in the pi. because of its collective meaning.
Cp. Mark ii. 13.
232 NOTES.
CHAPTER XI.
St. Mabk.
CHAPTER I.
24. h;a uns jah. pus ? see note to Matth. viii. 29.
27. mip sis misso, see § 295. h;6 so Idiseino so niujo ? IVkat
is this new 07te of doctrines ? The Gr. has tls ^ hidax^ rj KaivT) avrrj ; see
§§ 164, 291.
32. ubil habandans, having an illness^ a lit. translation of the Gr.
KaKOJs exovras. See also eh. ii. 17.
CHAPTER II.
God, and is always masculine, although it retains its nom. voc. ace.
form gup. The MSS. have regularly the contracted forms nom. voc.
:
KaKCVS €XOVT€S.
more common than the ace. with the inf. in Gothic. For an example of
the latter construction, see Luke iv. 36.
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER V.
14. hdimom, see § 164 note. qeraun, they \the people of the
villages^ came,
18. wods, see § 139 note.
23. afturaist habaip, is at the point of deaths a literal translation
of the Or. (dxarcws ex^t. habaip supply bidja puk.
After
26. jah ni waihtdi botida, ak mais wairs habaida, a literal ren-
CHAPTER VI.
2. jah hjo so handugeino so gibano imma ? the Gr. has KaX t[s 37
generally used the dat. in such instances corresponding to the Gr. gen.
absolute, but he has here used the nom. See also v. 26.
CHAPTER VII.
4. anpar ist manag, lit. other {thing there) is many. The Gr. has
the pi. aAAa ttoWcl €Otlv.
5. bi pammei anafulhun pai sinistans, according to that tuhich the
CHAPTER VIII.
23. frah ina ga-u-h;a selui, he asked him whether he saw anything.
See § 238.
26. 27. wehsa = weihsa, see § 6.
uskiusan skulds
31. ist, is liable to be rejected, on the inf. see § 299.
Similarly usqiman.
CHAPTER IX.
2. ainans, see § 210.
CHAPTER X.
21. dinis pus wan ist, lit. there is lacking to thee of one thing.
25. azitiz6 = azetizo, see § 6.
32. poei habaidedun ina gadaban, those things which were about
to happen to him, cp. the Gr. ra fiiWopra avrw avfj-^aiveiv.
CHAPTER XT.
Tov iraTpbs tjijlwv Aaveid, or €i/ ovofxari /cvpiov tov irarpos -^fxcuu Aaveld.
Possibly fraujins has been inadvertently omitted in the Gothic version.
12. usstandandam im, the dat. absolute, see § 300.
14. usbairands, answering, only occurs here in this meaning. The
Gr. has diroKpiOeis.
15. in alh, see §§ 182, 183.
18. gudjane, gen. pi. dep. on aiihumistans.
21. fraqast, 2 pers. sing. pret. of fraqipan, but see p. 56.
23. pisluazuh ei, see § 235.
CHAPTER Xn.
2. akranis, partitive gen., see § 291, p. 130.
the stem-syllable has not yet been satisfactorily explained. See Feist,
^
Grundriss der gotischen Etymologic,' p. 53.
14. kara puk manshun, on the construction see § 290. skuldu =
skuld + u, see note to Matth. vi. 25.
J>du niu gibdima ? the Gr. has dw/xev rj 8cDju€i/ (jltj ;
CHAPTER XIII.
CHAPTER XIV.
70. jah duk razda peina galeika ist, after duk supply Galeilaius
is jah. Cp. the Gr. koX ycLp Va\i\aios d mi rf \a\id <fov dfjioid^ei.
CHAPTER XV.
9. wileidu = wileij) + u, fraleitan = fraldtan, see § 6.
34. ailoe ailoe, lima aibakjjanei = the Gr. text ^EKcul ekoul Xi/xd
42. fruma sabbato, Gr. irpoaa^^arov, the day before the Sabbath.
CHAPTER XVL
9. frumin sabbato, Gr. irpwrr) ffa(Bpdtov, on the first day of the week,
i. e. the first day after the Sabbath, Cp. ch. xv. 42, where fruma sabbato
means the day before the Sabbath,
238 NOTES,
St. Luke.
Before reading the chapters from St. Luke, the beginner should refer
to §§ 6, 7, 8, and the notes to §§ 133, 139, 166.
CHAPTER II.
Kyreinaiau = Kyrenai^u.
4. sei, see § 230 note 3.
CHAPTER IV.
5. diabuldus = diabulus.
6. Jjisluammeh pel, see § 235.
8. gamelid = gameli]? ; also in vv. 10, 17.
NOTES. 239
1 3. frdistobnjo = fr^lstubnjo.
14. bisitande, of those that dwell round about
15. niikilids=inikilij>s.
17. praiifetus — praufetdus. stad==stap.
25. menops, ace. pi.
CHAPTER XIV.
1 2 . qapup-pan = Q[aj)-uh-pan.
19. auhsne, see § 171 note.
22. anabdust, see § 120. stads = staps.
2 3. usfulndi = usfullndi.
manwipo is the gen. pi. used partitively and dep. upon habdiu =
hab^i + u.
31. du wigana. The codex argenteus has wiga na. The Gr. ^U
TToKcfjiov suggests that du wigana means to war, in which case it i^
related to weihan, to fights
pankeip = pagkeip.
si^iu for sijai + u, whether he may he.
CHAPTER XV.
St. John.
chapter xii.
CHAPTER XIV.
2. stad=sstap, also in v. 3.
CHAPTER XV.
6. inbranjada for inbrannjada.
7. patahrah pei, see § 235.
CHAPTER XVII
CHAPTER II.
3. g6ds = g6ps.
22. friapwa = frijapwa.
CHAPTER III.
aba. af-gaggan.
ain-luarjiz-uh (234 note 2), indef. akran (147), sn. fruit ; akran
pr. everyone, each. giban, to bear fruit.
*dinlif (208), num. eleven. akrana-ldus, ^'.unfruitful, barren.
ains (210), 7itim. one, alone, only ;
akrs (145), sm. field.
indef. pr. (238), one, a certain ala-brunsts, sf. burnt offering,
one ains
;
jah ains, the . . . holocaust.
one . . . and the other. alakjo, av. together, collectively,
ains-hun (237), ijidef. pr. v^ith alan (255), sv. VI, to grow,
the neg. particle ni, no one, no, ala-parba, weak aj. very needy,
none, very poor,
air, av. {comp. diris), soon, early. aids, sf. age, life,
airinon (267), wv. II, to be a aleina, sf. ell.
messenger. alew, sn. olive oil.
^iris (284) av. earlier. alews, aj. of olives fairgnni ;
gospel. . , . but.
aiwaggellista, W7n. evangelist. alls (188), aj. all, every, much.
diweins (188), aj. eternal, ever- all-waldands (179), m. the Al-
lasting. mighty,
diws, sm. time lifetime, age, alpeis (192), aj. old.
world, eternity ni aiw (285), ; amen {dfirjv, Hebrew loan word ,
fadreins (163), sf. family, race, faura-gaggan (258 note i), sv.
lineage. VII, to go before.
faginon (267), wv. II, to rejoice, faura-gaggja (171), wm. go-
be glad. vernor.
fagrs (188), aj. beautiful, fit. faura-gateihan, sv. I, to inform
fahan (258), sv. VII, to seize, beforehand, foretell.
catch. faura-hah, sn. curtain, veil.
faheps (163), sf. joy, gladness. faura-qipan, sv. V, to prophesy,
fair-aihan, to partake of. See foretell.
ga-raihtei (174), wf. righteous- injured in, suffer the loss of.
ness. ga-smeitan (246), j-z^. I, to smear.
ga-raihteins, sj. righteousness, ga-s6pjan, wv. I, to fill, satisfy.
ga-raihts, aj. righteous, just. ga-stagqjan, wv. I, to dash
ga-raij)s (ga-raids), aj. due. against.
ga-rapjan (256), sv. VI, to count. ga-staldan (258), sv. VII, to
ga-razna, W7n. neighbour. possess.
ga-razno, wf. female neighbour. ga-standan, sv. VI, to stand fast,
gar da (171), wrn. fold. stand remain, be restored.
still,
gredags (188), aj. hungry. h^ihs, aj. half-blind, with one eye.
greipan (246), sv. I, to seize, lay hdiljan (264), wv. I, to heal.
hold of, take (prisoner). hails (188), aj. whole, sound, safe.
gretan (239), sv. VII, to weep, hdimopli, S7t. homestead, lands.
lament. hdims (164 note), sf. village,
grets, sm. weeping. country place.
groba, sf. den, hole, cave. hairda (156), sf. herd, flock.
grundu-waddjus, sf. foundation. hairdeis (148), sm, shepherd.
guda-faiirhts, aj. devout, god- hair to (175), wn. heart.
fearing. hairus (167), sm. sword.
gudisks, aj. divine. haitan (258), sv. VII, to call,
gudja (171), wm. priest. name, order, command, invite.
gulp, sn. gold. h^iti (158), sf, command.
gulpeins (188), aj. golden, hdipi (158), sf field, heath.
guma wm. man.
(171), haipiwisks, aj. wild.
guma-kunds, aj. male, of the h^ipno, wf. a heathen woman.
masculine gender. hakuls, s?ti. cloak.
gumeins, aj» manlike, male. halbs, aj. half.
gunds, sm. or sf. cancer, canker. haldan (258), sv. VII, to hold,
guj), sm. God; neut. pi. guda, take care of, tend, feed.
heathen gods. See note to halja (156), sf hell.
Mark ii. 7. hals, sm. neck.
hals-agga (for the probably cor-
H. rupt bals-agga of the manu-
script), wm. neck.
haban (268), wv. Ill, to have, halts (188), aj. lame.
possess, hold, take, esteem, hamfs, aj. one-handed, maimed.
count, consider, keep, observe, hana (170), wm. cock.
be able to do ; ubil and ubi- handugei, 7vf. cleverness, wisdom.
laba haban, to be ill wairs ; handugs (188), aj. clever, wise.
haban, to be worse gafahana ; handus (166), sf hand.
haban, to hold captive; poei handu-waiirhts, aj, wrought by
habaidedun gadaban,
ina hand.
what things should happen unto hansa, sf. a company, band of
him; aftumist habail, to lie men.
at the point of death ; fairra harduba (283), av. hardly, severe-
haban sik, to be far from ly, grievously.
habai]? wisan at, to be held, hardu-hairtei, wf. hardness of
be ready for. heart, hard-heartedness.
hafjan (256), sv. VI, to raise, lift, hardus (196), aj. hard.
bear up, carry. harjis (148), S7ii. army, host.
haftjan, ivv. I, to join. hatan (269 and note 3), wv. Ill,
hahan (258), sv. VII, to hang. to hate.
haidus, sm. manner. hat is, sn. hatred, wrath.
haifstjan, wv. I, to strive, fight. haubip (146), sn. head, haubip
haifsts, sf. fight. waihstins, corner-stone.
hauheins. 259 hrot.
S 2
hrugga. 260 in.
krusts, sf gnashing,
K. kukjan (262), wv. 1, to kiss.
*kumbjan, see ana-kumbjan.
kaisar (Lat. Caesar, Gr. Kaiaap), kumei {Kovfiei, from Syriac),
sm. Caesar, emperor, governor, i?nper. arise
kaisara-gild, sn. tribute-money. kuni (150), sn. race, generation,
kalbo (173), wf, calf, tribe.
kalds (188), a/\ cold, kunnan {2*jc^),pret.-pres. to know,
kalkinassus, sm. adultery, forni- kunpa, see § 275.
cation. kunpi (151), sn. knowledge,
kalkjo, w/, harlot, kunps, //. of kunnan, known ;
*liusan, jz;. II, to lose; see fra- mdipms (145), sm. gift.
liusan. maiza (206), aj. greater.
malaii. 264 iiiij>-s6kjan.
namd (176 note), wn. name, niujis (190), aj. new, young.
naqaps, aj. naked. niun (208), 7tum. nine.
nardus (Gr. va^hos)^ sm. nard. niunda (214), num. ninth.
naseins (164), sf. salvation, niuntehund (208), num. ninety.
nasjan (261), wv. I, to save, niutan (248), sv. II, to enjoy.
nasjands (176), 7it. saviour. nota (171), wm. stern of a ship.
nati (151), sn. net. nu (289), az^. now, so, consequently;
n^udi-bandi, chain, fetter.
sf. aj. present, existing ; subs, pre-
naiih, av. still, yet ni naiih or; sent time nu, nunu, ; nuh, av.
naiih ni, not yet, not as yet. and cj. therefore.
naiih-panuh, av. still, yet. nuh (287), interrog. particle J then.
naiihup-pan, av. and also. nuta, wm. fisher, catcher of fishes.
ndus (160 note i), sm. corpse,
naupjan, wv. I, to force, compel.
n^ups (163), sf need. O.
ne (287), av. nay, no.
tielu, av. near, close by. *ogan {2"]^), pret.-pres. to fear.
nelua {2%%), prep. c. dat, nigh to, ogjan (264), wv, I, to terrify,
near ; av. near. osanna {yjaavva), hosanna.
pdida. 266 reiro.
rikan (254), sv, V, to heap up. salhs tigjus (208), num. sixty.
rinnan (250), sv. Ill, to run, saihran (253), sv. V, to see, take
hasten. heed; saihran faura, to be-
riqis, riqiz (147), sn, darkness. ware of.
riqizeins, aj. dark. sSiwala (156), sf. soul, spirit, life.
riqizjan, wv. I, to become dark, sakan (256), sv. VI. to rebuke,
be darkened. dispute, strive.
rodjan (264), wv. I, to speak, sakjo (173), wf strife.
rohsns, sf. hall. sakkus (Lat. saccus, Gr. gclkkos),
rums, sm. room, space. sm. sackcloth.
runa (156), sf. secret, mystery, salbon (266), zuv. II, to anoint.
runs, S7n. running, issue, course salbons (164), sf ointment.
run ga-waiirkjan sis, to rush salipwos, sf.plur. dwelling, abode,
violently. mansion, guest-chamber.
saijan, wv. I, to dwell, abide,
S. remain.
saijan, wv. I, to bring an offering,
sa (224), dejn.pr. this, that; pers. sacrifice.
pr. he def. art. the.
; salt, sn, salt.
sabbato (aa^^aTov), indeclinable, saltan (258 note i), jz;. VII, to salt.
Sabbath; sabbatus {crdPI3aTos), sama (228), /r. same.
sm. Sabbath //. fluctuates be-
;
sama-leiko, av. likewise, in like
tween the i- and u- declension. manner, equally.
sa-ei (230), rel. pr. who, he who, sama-leiks, aj. agreeing together.
which, samana, av. together, in the same
saggqjan = sagqjan, wv. I, to place, one with another.
sink, go down, sandjan, wv. I, to send.
saggqs = sagqs, sm. sinking, going satjan, wv. I, to set, put, place.
down (of the sun), he^ice West, saps (18S), aj. full, satisfied; saps
see saggqjan. wairpan, to be filled, be full.
saggws (161), sm. song, music. saiihts (163), sf. sickness, disease.
sah. (225), pr. dem. {fern, soh, sauil (77), S7t.sun.
neut, psituh) = sa, + enclilzc uh, saiirga, sf. care, grief, sorrow.
that, this. saiirgan (269), wv. Ill, to sorrow,
sa-luaz-uh izei (235), indef. pr. trouble, take thought.
whosoever, saups (161), sm. sacrifice, burnt-
sa-hraz-uh saei (235), indef. pr. offering.
whosoever. sei = si + ei (230 note 3), rel. pr.
sdi, interj. see lo
! behold cp.
!
! ; fem. who, which.
OHG. se, se-nu. seins {ii'^^ pass. pr. his.
saian, saijan (259, 74), sv. VII, seipus (197), aj. late.
to sow. sels (195), aj. kind.
saAsindSjpres. pari, t?/" saian (259), sibja (156), sf. relationship.
one sowing, sower, sibun (208), num. seven.
saihs (208), num. six. sibuntehund ^^208), mmi. se-
saihsta (214), num. sixth. venty.
sidon 268 sleideis.
I
timrja 271 J>auh-jabai.
pei (289), r;'. that, so that ; rel. *preis tigjus (208), num. thirty.
part, that, as used with salua-
; pridja (214), num. third.
zuh, pishraduh, pishrah, pata- prija (212), num. three.
luah, where it gives the force of priskan (250), sv. Ill, to thresh,
a relative. pruts-fill, sn. leprosy. .
piupjan, wv. I, to do good, bless, pata ubil, pata ubilo, the evil
praise. ubil haban, to be ill ubil ;
nf-blesan (258), sv. VII, to blow undar (288), prep. c. ace. under.
up, puff up. undaro {2^^), prep. e. dat. under.
uf-brikan, sv. IV, to reject, de- undaTirni-mats, sm, breakfast,
spise. dinner.
uf-brinnan, sv. Ill, to bum up, und-greipan, sv. I, to seize, lay
scorch. hold of.
uf-daupjan, wv, I, to baptize. und-rinnan, sv. Ill, to run to
uf-gairdan (250), sv. III, to gird one, fall to one, fall to one's
up. share.
uf-graban, sv. VI, to dig up. un-ga-habands (sik), pres, part,
uf-haban, wv. Ill, to hold up, incontinent.
bear up. un-ga-luairbs, aj, unruly, disobe-
uf-hausjan {c. dat.), wv. I, to dient.
submit, obey, listen to. un-ga-ldubeins, sf. unbelief.
uf-hropjan, wv. I, to cry out. un-ga-ldubjands, pres. part, un-
uf-kunnan, wv. Ill (but pret. uf- believing.
un-handu-walirhts 274 us-fulljan.
I
us-fallnan. 275 us-J>riutan.
T 2
UB-wairpan. 276 waurts.
us-wairpan, sv. Ill, to drive out, wairpan (250), sv. Ill, to throw,
cast forth, overthrow, reject. cast.
us-waltjan, wv. I, to overthrow, wairs (284), av. worse,
overturn. wairsiza (206), aj. worse,
us-walteins, sf. overthrow, a sub- wairpan (249), sv. Ill, to become,
verting. happen, come to pass.
be,
us-waurhts, aj. right, just, right- wairps (188), aj. worthy.
eous. w^it, see § 273.
us-weihs, aj. unholy, profane. waja-mereins, sf. blasphemy,
us-windan, sv. Ill, to plait. waja-merjan, wv. I, to blaspheme,
us-wiss, aj, dissolute, vain. slander.
ut (286), av. out, forth; uta, out, wakan (256), sv. VI, to wake,
without utapro, utana, c.gen.
; watch.
from without. waldan (258 note i), sv. VII, to
uz-eta, wm. manger. rule, govern.
uzuh, prep, whether from. waldufni, S7i. power, might, do-
minion, authority.
walis (141), aj. chosen, true, dear,
beloved.
waddjus (168), sf. wall. waljan (262), wv. I, to choose.
•waggari, sn. pillow. waltjan, wv. I, to roll, beat upon,
wagjan, wv. I, to move, shake. dash against.
"wahsjan (256), sv. VI, to grow, walw^ison, wv. II, to wallow.
increase. wamba, sf. belly, womb.
wahstus, sm. growth, size, stature. wan, sit. want, lack wan wisan ;
I
wegs. 277 wunns.
Daikapatilis ;
^lXtjtos, Filetus *l5ov/xaia, Idumaia
; ^vpia^ ;
^vpecovy Symaion.
Saulaiimon.
It is represented by au in Lauidja, AcoiV ; Trauada,
Tpcods; cp. the end of § 12. And by u in Ruma, Lat.
Roma.
Greek ai, which was a long open e-sound like the m in OE.
slaepan, is regularly represented by ai, as 'AXc^aloy, Alfaius
Naijuai/, Waiman ; *l5ov/xaia, Idumaia ; ^apiaalos, Fareisaius
cp. the close of § 11.
at is represented by aei, as Br^Oa-didd, Bejjsaeida; 'Ho-amy,
Esaeias.
Greek et, which was a long i-sound, is regularly repre-
sented by ei (§ 4), as Aaveld, Daweid ; 'Ideipos, Jaeirus.
Greek av is represented by aw, as Aaveid, Daweid ; IlavXos,
Kafarnaumi.
The Gothic representation of the Greek consonants in
* Hermogenes.* nerges.'
Aiwneika (EvviKfj), sf, * Eunice * Bepania, Bi]>ajiia.(BrjOavia),/em.
dat. Aiwneikd-i. *
Bethany dat. Bipaniin, Be-
'
;
us *
;
gen. Alfaidus. phage dat, Bepsfagein.
; '
;
laurdanau.
gen. pi. Gairgaisaine, of the '
Helian. karioten.
Herodes, -is ('HpcOS?;?), sm. Israel {'IffparjX) Israel dat. ,
'
'
;
'
Herod dat. Heroda. ' ;
Israela gen. Israelis, ;
Herodia ('HpcuSm?), zvf. Hero- ' ludaia ('louSaia), Judaea ace. ' '
;
THE END.
OXFORD
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