Second Law of Motion

03/05/2018
National Training of Teachers

for
Critical Content in Grade 8 Science
April 23 – May 4, 2018
Grade 8 Science
Force, Motion and Energy
Session 3: Circular Motion
Angelo G. Cabic
Faculty, Caloocan City Science High School
SDO-Caloocan, National Capital Region
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Session Objectives
• Describe the motion of an object moving in a circular path.
• Using diagrams, determine the direction of the force,
acceleration and velocity of an object moving around a
circular path.
• Explain the relationship between the centripetal force and
the speed/velocity of an object moving in UCM
• Explain the relationship between the speed/velocity of an
object moving in UCM and the radius of the circular path
Recall: Determine which among

Newton’s three laws would apply
to the following situation.
A. Newton’s First Law
B. Newton’s Second Law
C. Newton’s Third Law
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
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03/05/2018
1. When you dive off of a diving

board, you push down on the
springboard. The board springs back
and forces you into the air
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
1. When you dive off of a diving

board, you push down on the
springboard. The board springs back
and forces you into the air
ANSWER: C Newton’s Third Law

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2. You are driving your car at a very

high speed and hit something, like a
brick wall or a tree, the car will come
to an instant stop, but you will keep
moving forward.

2. You are driving your car at a very

high speed and hit something, like a
brick wall or a tree, the car will come
to an instant stop, but you will keep
moving forward.
ANSWER: A. Newton’s First Law

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3. It is easier to push an empty

shopping cart than a full one,
because the full shopping cart has
more inertia (mass) than the empty
one

3. It is easier to push an empty

shopping cart than a full one,
because the full shopping cart has
more inertia (mass) than the empty
one
ANSWER: B. Newton’s Second Law

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When an object is acted upon by a net

force, it accelerates – it changes its state
of motion. So when a force acts on an
object, the following may happen:
• It moves from being at rest
• It stops from being in motion
• It changes its speed (speed up or slow down)
• Maintains constant speed but changes its direction
“Wall of Death”
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b9UgPo6j_JU/Uygi1FhDzvI/AAAAAAAASqo/ofAAITs3y0g/s1600/38.jpg
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How are the daredevils able

to perform the “Wall of
Death” stunt?
Marble Lift Challenge (15 minutes)

The task of the group is to lift the marble
with an inverted wine glass or a wide-
mouthed jar.
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• What enabled you to transfer the marbles without touching

the marbles?
• What kind of motion is required to transfer the marbles?
• Is it necessary to sustain the motion of the marbles inside
the jar to keep it from falling? What would happen to the
marble if this motion suddenly stopped?
• As the marble moves around the jar, how many forces are
acting on it?
• Draw the forces ACTING ON the marble while moving inside
the jar. Use ½ Manila Paper to Draw your illustration
• The friction between the jar

and the marble and the force of
the earth on the marble
(Gravitational force) would
balance out each other,
otherwise the marble will drop
• Nothing will balance the
Support force of the glass on
the marble so it would be the
NET FORCE on the marble.
• Since there is a Net Force on
the Marble, what will happen
to it?
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• The object is accelerating

because it’s changing its
direction of motion in every
point in the circular path
while maintaining its
constant speed (noting that
the object travels the same
distance because the radius
of the circular path is not
changing)
UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

•a type of motion of an object in a
circular path with a constant speed
but changing direction due to a net
force.

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Circular Motion
• In circular motion, the direction of the velocity
changes every point along the circular path. This
change in direction is an indication that the object is
accelerating, and the direction of acceleration is
towards the center of the circular path – thus it is
called as Centripetal Acceleration.
• Following Newton’s Second Law, centripetal
acceleration is caused by a NET FORCE – the
Centripetal Force
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“Wall of Death”
How are the daredevils able

to perform the “Wall of
Death” stunt?
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•draw the possible

forces that will act on
the motorcycle and
the rider while moving
along the “Wall of
Death
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Let’s view the “Wall of Death” from the top.
Let’s view the “Wall of Death” from the top.
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Think
•What will happen to the
motion of an object moving in
circular motion when the
centripetal force “suddenly
disappears”?
• At point A, The velocity vector

of a body moving in circular
motion is directed TANGENT to
the circular path. Hence the
term TANGENTIAL VELOCITY.
• Because of the centripetal
force, even if the speed of the
moving object remains
constant, the direction of the
motion changes, and so the
velocity changes in every point
along the circumference of the
path.
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03/05/2018
•In the event that the

centripetal force
“suddenly disappears”,
there will be no net force
that would make the
object accelerate, and so
due to the object’s
inertia, it will continue to
move in a straight path,
tangent to the original
circular path.
•Which path in the

figure at right would
the ball most closely
follow after it exits
the channel at "r" and
moves across the
frictionless table top?
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•Which path in the

figure at right would
the ball most closely
follow after it exits
the channel at "r" and
moves across the
frictionless table top?
•Answer: B
• A steel ball is attached to a string

and is swung in a circular path in
a horizontal plane as illustrated
in the accompanying figure on
the left. At the point P indicated
in the figure, the string suddenly
breaks near the ball. If these
events are observed from
directly above as in the figure,
which path would the ball most
closely follow after the string
breaks?
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03/05/2018
• A steel ball is attached to a string

and is swung in a circular path in a
horizontal plane as illustrated in
the accompanying figure on the
left. At the point P indicated in the
figure, the string suddenly breaks
near the ball. If these events are
observed from directly above as in
the figure, which path would the
ball most closely follow after the
string breaks?
• ANSWER: B
Are you familiar with the Hammer Throw?
http://media.almasryalyoum.com/News/Large//2012/08/03/228/2012-08-
03t115018z_1015843940_lm2e8830wvnxg_rtrmadp_3_oly-athl-atmham-atm054901.jpg
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What if Thor really do Hammer throw?
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/e5/6b/a6/e56ba6c90f838fc00b818db4dda52f7d--hammer-
throw-thors-hammer.jpg
• The velocity of an
object moving in UCM
is Tangent to the
circular path
• The Centripetal force
and Centripetal
acceleration are both
directed radially
inward, towards the
center of the circular
path
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03/05/2018
Thor is participating in an
Olympic game of Hammer
Throw (Literally!). He aims to
throw his hammer with the
fastest speed as possible.
Tony Stark (Iron Man) wishes to

challenge Thor and test his Physics
competence and he suggested that
Thor should attach a chain on the
hammer so as to make it swirl with
a larger circumference and thereby
producing faster speed in throwing
the hammer.
Is the suggestion helpful for Thor?
http://68.media.tumblr.com/1eccbad7250ac453997a617aaf1e0a9a/tumblr_n75kpgSqMw1spgj0xo7_1280.png
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Activity: Round and Around We Go

• Investigate the factors
affecting the speed
(magnitude of the velocity)
of an object moving in
circular motion
• Use the provided materials
and follow the procedures in
the Activity Sheets provided
• Write your data in a Manila
Paper to be presented after
the activity.
Activity Proper

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03/05/2018
Part 1
1. Is the distance covered by the stopper changing? What
made you say so?
The distance covered is the same all throughout. The
length of the string is kept approximately constant
2. What does the time to complete 20 revolutions represent?

The time to complete 20 revolutions would represent
how fast the stopper is moving. Greater time for 20
revolutions indicate slower motion while lesser time for 20
revolutions represent faster motion.
Part 1
3. What does the number of washers or candies hanging
represent?
The number of washers or candies represent the force
exerted by the string on the stopper – the tension force on the
stopper. It is directed towards the center of the circular path
along the string therefore it is considered to be a centripetal
force.
4. What happens to the time of revolution as the number of

washers / candies is increased?
The time to complete 20 revolutions decreases as more
washers/candies are attached to the set up.
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03/05/2018
Part 1
5.Based on the data that you have gathered, what
relationship exists between the speed/velocity and the
centripetal force of an object moving in Uniform
Circular Motion?
The centripetal force and the speed / velocity of
an object moving in Uniform Circular Motion are
directly proportional to each other. As the centripetal
force is increased, the speed/velocity of the moving
body also increases (becomes faster)
Part 2
• 1. Is the distance covered by the stopper changing? What
made you say so?
Yes the distance covered by the stopper is changing. The
length of the string has changed where the stopper is attached
is changed
• 2. What does the time to complete 20 revolutions represent?
The time to complete 20 revolutions would represent
how fast the stopper is moving. Greater time elapsed for 20
revolutions indicate slower motion while lesser time for 20
revolutions represent faster motion
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03/05/2018
Part 2
3. What happens to the time of revolution as the length
of the string attached to the stopper is increased? What
does this indicate about the speed of the stopper
moving in Uniform Circular Motion?
The time to complete 20 revolutions becomes
larger/longer as the length of the string attached to the
stopper is increased. This indicates that the speed of
the object moving in Uniform Circular object decreases
(becomes slower)
Part 2
4. Based on the data that you have gathered, what
relationship exists between the speed/velocity and the
radius of the path of the object moving in Uniform
Circular Motion?
The speed/magnitude of the velocity of the
moving object is inversely proportional to the radius of
the circular path. As the radius of the circular path
increases, the time to complete a revolution becomes
larger, thus making the speed slower.
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03/05/2018
Tony Stark (Iron Man) wishes to

challenge Thor and test his Physics
competence and he suggested that
Thor should attach a chain on the
hammer so as to make it swirl with
a larger circumference and thereby
producing faster speed in throwing
the hammer.
Is the suggestion helpful for Thor?
http://68.media.tumblr.com/1eccbad7250ac453997a617aaf1e0a9a/tumblr_n75kpgSqMw1spgj0xo7_1280.png
• Tony Stark’s suggestion is wrong! If a chain is attached

to Thor’s hammer, it would make the radius of the
circular path of the whirled hammer larger, thus the
speed of the hammer’s revolution would be slower.
The radius of the circular path of an object moving in
Uniform Circular Motion is inversely proportional to
the speed of the moving object.
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03/05/2018
As a group, use 1 – 2 metacards to make

an Eight-word Memoir:
Using only eight words, form a sentence
which summarizes the important
concepts learned in the lesson.
POST YOUR ANSWER ON YOUR DESIGNATED AREAS

Summing it up:
• The time to complete 20 revolutions becomes larger/longer as
the length of the string attached to the stopper is increased.
This indicates that the speed of the object moving in Uniform
Circular object decreases (becomes slower)
• The speed/magnitude of the velocity of the moving
object is inversely proportional to the radius of the
circular path. As the radius of the circular path
increases, the time to complete a revolution becomes
larger, thus making the speed slower
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03/05/2018
Check Up: Use your Plicker Cards

•In a Circular Motion, what happens to the
distance travelled by the object when the radius
of the path is increased?
a) The distance travelled is increased
b) The distance travelled is decreased
c) The distance travelled remains the same
Check Up: Use your Plicker Cards

•In a Circular Motion, what happens to the
distance travelled by the object when the radius
of the path is increased?
a) The distance travelled is increased
b) The distance travelled is decreased
c) The distance travelled remains the same
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03/05/2018
Check Up
•In Circular Motion, what happens to the TIME to
complete the motion when the RADIUS of the
circular path is increased?
a) The time to complete the motion is increased
b) The time to complete the motion is decreased
c) The time to complete the motion remains the
same
Check Up
•In Circular Motion, what happens to the TIME to
complete the motion when the RADIUS of the
circular path is increased?
a) The time to complete the motion is increased
b) The time to complete the motion is decreased
c) The time to complete the motion remains the
same
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03/05/2018
Check Up
•In Circular Motion, what happens to the
speed/magnitude of velocity when the radius of
the circular path is increased?
a) The speed / magnitude of the velocity increases
b) The speed / magnitude of the velocity decreases
c) The speed / magnitude of the velocity remains the
same
d) The speed / magnitude of the velocity becomes
zero
Check Up
•In Circular Motion, what happens to the
speed/magnitude of velocity when the radius of
the circular path is increased?
a) The speed / magnitude of the velocity increases
b) The speed / magnitude of the velocity decreases
c) The speed / magnitude of the velocity remains the
same
d) The speed / magnitude of the velocity becomes
zero
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03/05/2018
Thank you very

much!
29

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03/05/2018

National Training of Teachers

April 23 – May 4, 2018

Recall: Determine which among

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

1. When you dive off of a diving

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

1. When you dive off of a diving

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

2. You are driving your car at a very

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

2. You are driving your car at a very

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

3. It is easier to push an empty

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

3. It is easier to push an empty

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

When an object is acted upon by a net

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

How are the daredevils able

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Marble Lift Challenge (15 minutes)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• What enabled you to transfer the marbles without touching

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• The friction between the jar

• The object is accelerating

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

How are the daredevils able

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

•draw the possible

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Let’s view the “Wall of Death” from the top.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Let’s view the “Wall of Death” from the top.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• At point A, The velocity vector

•In the event that the

•Which path in the

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

•Which path in the

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• A steel ball is attached to a string

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• A steel ball is attached to a string

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Are you familiar with the Hammer Throw?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

What if Thor really do Hammer throw?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT