CBLM Horticulture
CBLM Horticulture
CBLM Horticulture
HORTICULTURE NC II
SECTOR: AGRI-FISHERY
Qualification: HORTICULTURE NC II
Welcome!
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If you feel like you already have the skills/knowledge in this competency or or
if you have certificate from previous training, you may show it to your trainer and
have your prior learning formally recognized.
A Trainee Record Book (TRB) is provided for you to record important dates, jobs,
undertaken and other workplace events that will assist you in providing further
details for your trainer.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in particular skill,
talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so you would not have to
undergo the same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of
Competency from previous trainings, show it to your trainer. If the skills you
acquired are still current and relevant to this module, they may become part of the
evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not sure about the level of your skills,
discuss this with your trainer.
You must follow the “Learning Activity Sheet”. The Learning Activity
Sheets will guide you through different “Instruction Sheets” that will assist
you in performing different learning activities towards the attainment of the
learning outcome.
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- Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the training
of this unit. Read through the learning guide carefully. It is divided into
sections which cover all the skills and knowledge you need to successfully
complete this module. Work through all the information and complete the
activities in each section and complete the self-check. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
- Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do things.
Ask for help.
- Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to consider
when you are completing activities and it is important that you listen and
take notes.
- Talk to more experienced work mates and ask for their guidance.
- Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your own
progress.
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NOMINAL DURATION :
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the module you must be able to:
LO1. Select and Prepare site for planting
LO2. Grow seedlings
LO3. Transplant seedlings
LO4. Grow trees
LO5. Harvest fruit
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CONTENTS:
CONDITIONS
1. Workplace Location
2. Relevant tools and equipment to produce fruit bearing crops
3. Orchard
4. Farm records
LEARNING MATERIALS:
Manuals
Reference Book
Handouts
Internet
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Demonstration
Self-paced Instructions
Lecture
ASSESSMENT METHOD
1. Direct observation
2. Written Test
3. Demonstration
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Learning Objectives:
SOIL
According to World Education (INGO) Philippines Inc. (2005),
soil is defined as the loose and friable material of the earth’s surface for plants
to grow. In certain places and under certain conditions, soil consists of two
principal layers: a more productive top r surface layer known as surface soil or
top soil and a less productive under layer known as the sub-soil. The soil is
composed of mineral matter of different sizes of particles known as soil texture
with a small proportion of microorganisms and mixed with decayed animal and
crop residues. The soil particles are arranged from the surface soil to the parent
rock. Such arrangement is called soil profile.Soil texture, as defined by soil
scientists, refers to the proportion of sand, silt and clay particles that comprise
a particular soil sample as described in Table 1.
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Logging easily
Poor root Fairly fertile Presence of
Soil analysis can be done using a simple tool or Soil Testing Kit (STK)
for qualitative analysis for soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium
or by running a complete chemical analysis in the soil laboratories.
Results of both tests will serve as the basis for the farmers in making
fertilizer recommendation on the amount of fertilizer materials to be
applied to satisfy the nutrient requirement of the crop.
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3.Which of the following refers to the proportion of sand, silt, and clay
particles that comprise a particular soil sample?
The following statements tell how to collect composite soil samples from
each sampling area. Choose from the choices the correct procedure
in taking soil samples.
1. Place the bar of soil (representing a one spot soil sample) in a pail or any
suitable clean container.
3. From one vertical side of the pit, take a slice of soil 2 – 3 cm thick with a
single downward thrust of the spade. Using a knife or a trowel, trim the slice of
soil on both sides to a bar 3 – 4 cm width.
4. Clear the soil surface of litter and vegetation before digging a pit.
a. 4,3,1,2 b. 1,3,2,4
c. 4,2,3,1 d. 2,4,3,1
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1.d
2.b
3.c
4.c
5.d
B.
1.c
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Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to know:
Determine the factors in selecting the site for planting vegetable crops
1. Sunlight
The more sunlight the site receives the better for a
vegetable garden because sunlight is the most important
factor for growing healthy vegetables. Most vegetables need
full sun (at least six hours of direct sunlight per day) to grow
to their maximum potential, so avoid spots that are shaded by
trees or buildings during the heat of the day. Use the
traditional planting arrangement of rows running north to
south to provide a maximum and even quantity of sunlight
throughout the day.
To determine if your site has the right light conditions,
stand facing the south with your left hand pointing east (in
the direction the sun rises) and your right hand pointing
west (in the direction the sun sets). Now take your east-
facing finger and follow it to the southern sky and then down
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4. Types of soil
Soil type refers to the physical composition or properties
of the soil. Soil basically consists of decomposed mineral
matter (sand, silt, and clay) and decomposed organic matter.
Optimum vegetable production is achieved on well-drained
sandy loam soils. Although vegetables can be grown on a wide
range of soil types, most vegetables are not well adapted to
heavy clay soil types. Soils of this type tend to have poor
aeration and drainage and can restrict root growth.
Consequently, these soils should be avoided. Soil is the
fundamental resource base for all agricultural production
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Direction: Read and understand the questions carefully. Write the letter of the
correct answer in your quiz notebook.
1. Which of the following factors in selecting the site is considered as the life –
blood of vegetable production?
a. Topography c. Sunlight
b. Water d. Soil
2. Access to sunlight plays a significant role in producing
vegetable crops. How long the crops should be exposed to direct sunlight every
day?
a. 3 – 5 hours c. 4 – 6 hours
b. 2 – 4 hours d. 6 – 7 hours
3. What is the best topography suited for fruit production?
a. Hilly b. Level
c. Sloping d. Slightly Sloping
4. Which of the following is not a reason why we consider accessibility to road
and transportation as one of the important factors in selecting the site?
a. fruit are harvested anytime
b. fruit are highly perishable
c. fruit are best liked when they are fresh
d. Products are transported without much damage
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1.a
2.c
3.c
4.d
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Learning Objectives:
Hand Tools
Hand tools are usually light and are used without the help of
animals or machines. They are used in performing farm activities
that involve small areas like the school garden and home garden.
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Digging Tools
Post hole Used for digging
digger holes
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Transplanting Tools
Hand trowel Used for balling
seedlings
Cultivating
Tools Used for
cultivating soil
Hand trowel
around the
plants
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Spading Used or
fork loosening the soil,
digging out root
crops, and turning
over the materials
in a compost
heap
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Harvesting
Tools Used for
harvesting
Pruning
vegetable fruits,
shears
shoots, and
Scissors flowers
Knife
Measuring
Tools
Meter stick
Used for
Foot rule measuring the
height of plants
Steel tape and land area
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Pliers
Screw driver
Plumbing
Tools Used when
Sleeve puller
Pipe wrench
Pipe bender
Pipe threader
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Farm Implements
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Used for
Native/disc pulverizing and
Harrow levelling the soil
Equipment
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GRASS CUTTER
WATER PUMP
CARPENTRY TOOLS
SPRINKLER
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BOLO
GRUB HOE
KNAPSACK SPRAYER
SPADING FORK
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Planting system
Learning Objective:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to know:
Square system
It is the most commonly used method and easy to layout in the field.
In this system, plant to plant and row to row distance is the same. The
plants are at the right angle to each other, every unit of four plants forming
a square. This system facilitates the interculture in two directions after the
orchard is planted.
Advantages
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Advantages
Hexagonal system
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Disadvantage
Quincunx system
This system is exactly like the square system but one additional
tree is planted in the centre of each square.
Fruit trees like papaya, kinnow, phalsa, guava, peach, plum etc.
can be planted as fillers in the permanent trees provides an additional
income to the grower in the early life of the orchard.
The filler trees are uprooted when the main orchard trees start
commercial fruiting.
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This system is usually followed in the hilly areas with high slopes
but it is very much similar to the square/rectangular system.Under such
circumstances, the trees may be well planted in lines following the
contour of the soil with only a slight slope.
Triangular system
In this system, trees are planted as in the square system but the plants
in the 2nd, 4th, 6th and such other alternate rows are planted midway between
the 1st, 3rd, 5th and such other alternative rows.
This system provides more open space for the trees and for intercrop.
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1. Advantage
2. Advantages
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IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Learning Objective:
There are many different types of farm irrigation systems currently in use today
and are included in the four main
categories of flood, sprinkler, drip,
and micro irrigation.
1. Flood Irrigation
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2. Sprinkler Irrigation
Hand Move Pipe – Sprinklers are attached to the end of a thirty or forty
foot section of aluminum or PVC pipe. These pipes are installed end to
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3. Drip Irrigation
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4. Micro Irrigation
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3. It improves the yields of crops which mean more income for the
farmer people prosperous.
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1. Involves the use of small diameter poly tubing with emitters and is used to
apply water to a small area directly to the root zone of a crop.
a.micro irrigation b. drip irrigation
2. Irrigation water is directed down furrows that have usually been graded to a
specific gradual slope for the most uniform application.
a.graded border irrigation b. furrow irrigation
c. solid set irrigation d. center pivot irrigation
3. Sprinklers for this irrigation method are installed along the machine
suspended from rigid or hose drops.
a.center pivot irrigation b. solid set irrigation
c. hand move pipe irrigation d. hose reel system irrigation
4. Permanent underground PVC pipe is installed throughout a field with risers
coming off of them with a sprinkler installed on top.
a.center pivot irrigation b. solid set irrigation
c. hand move pipe irrigation d. hose reel system irrigation
5. Irrigated water is directed down a narrow strip of a field with raised earth
borders on each side.
a.graded border irrigation b. furrow irrigation
c. solid set irrigation d. center pivot irrigation
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1. B
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. A
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Supplies/ Materials:
Sprinkler
Hose
Gate valve
Pvc hose
Spade
Grub hoe
Bolo
Plumbing tools
Steps/Procedures:
1. Manually till and weed a small plot of land (no more than 200 square
meters).
3. Find a source of mulch for your site. Mulch should not contain seeds .
6. Put dried mulch on the entire area including the furrows between the
vegetable beds. Mulch should be at least 2.5 inches thick.
7. With your hands, push mulch and expose soil (about 2 inches in
diameter). Dig a hole and put fruit seed or fruit transplant in the hole.
Depending on the type of mulch you use, you will likely need to add nitrogen
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8. After planting is complete, turn on drip irrigation. Check that water drips
from each emitter.
9. After a few days, inspect for weeds and make sure to weed by hand
immediately, including in furrows.
11. Inspect mulch. When parts of the mulch degrade, add new mulch to keep
the area well covered.
12. Make plans for planting the next (different)fruit crop before the current
fruit crop is harvested.
13. If possible, plant the next vegetable crop between the current crop. Do
not till. Do not remove drip tape. No need to rebuild vegetable beds. If properly
mulched, the vegetable beds should still be intact and weeds should be under
control.
14. Repeat the process of weeding, inspecting mulch, and replanting a new
crop before harvest.
Assessment Method:
Demonstration and Direct Observation
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CRITERIA YES NO
Did you....
Comments / Suggestions:
Trainer: Date:
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DIGGING HOLES
Learning Objective:
The better the foundation, the better the end result. That’s true not only
for buildings and ideas, but also for trees! Make sure your fruit trees get off to
the best possible start by giving
their roots a great place to grow.
Elmer walks through the easy steps
of how to dig the perfect planting
hole: the foundation of success for
any fruit tree grower.
Materials
You’re only going to need a few things to prepare the perfect planting hole:
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There are 3 things your fruit tree will need from the soil:
nutrients
To make sure that your soil can meet all 3 of these needs, we’re recommend
amending (mixing) it with coco-fiber medium. Soak your coco-fiber brick at
least 15-20 minutes before planting, to ensure that it’s loose and mixable with
the soil.
For a 2-year-old bare-root tree from Stark Bro’s, we recommend digging a hole
that’s at least 2 feet around and deep to accommodate the tree’s root system
with room to grow. A perfectly dug hole should give the roots enough room to
spread out comfortably. Now you have a great start to any fruit-bearing tree or
plant: all-natural, soil-enriching coco-fiber and a roomy planting hole. You’re
ready to plant!
1.Choose the spot in which you want to plant the tree. Spread a plastic
tarp on the ground on one side of it on which to deposit dirt. That way, all you
have to do is lift the tarp to backfill the hole.
2. Loosen an area of the ground equal to about two to three times the
diameter of the tree's root ball. Use a pickaxe if the ground is rocky. If the
ground isn't rocky, use a round-point shovel, pushing it into the ground
repeatedly with your foot.
3. Dig the hole with a round-point shovel. Push the blade about halfway
into the ground, tilt it back to loosen the dirt, then lift the dirt out of the hole.
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4.Dig the hole no deeper than the height of the root ball. Loosen the soil
in the bottom of the hole to a depth of 8 to 12 inches, as well as the soil on the
sides of the hole, with the shovel. The pressure of the shovel usually compacts
this soil on the sides, especially if it contains a lot of clay.
5. Build a 4-inch berm around the edge of the hole after you're finished
planting the tree and fill the berm with mulch. This makes it easier to water the
tree and keeps weeds away.
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ENUMERATION:
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1.Choose the spot in which you want to plant the tree. Spread a plastic
tarp on the ground on one side of it on which to deposit dirt. That way, all you
have to do is lift the tarp to backfill the hole.
2. Loosen an area of the ground equal to about two to three times the
diameter of the tree's root ball. Use a pickaxe if the ground is rocky. If the
ground isn't rocky, use a round-point shovel, pushing it into the ground
repeatedly with your foot.
3. Dig the hole with a round-point shovel. Push the blade about halfway
into the ground, tilt it back to loosen the dirt, then lift the dirt out of the hole.
Don't push the shovel in too deeply, or you could crack the handle when tilting.
Save your back by filling the shovel about halfway -- not all the way -- with
dirt.
4.Dig the hole no deeper than the height of the root ball. Loosen the soil
in the bottom of the hole to a depth of 8 to 12 inches, as well as the soil on the
sides of the hole, with the shovel. The pressure of the shovel usually compacts
this soil on the sides, especially if it contains a lot of clay.
5. Build a 4-inch berm around the edge of the hole after you're finished
planting the tree and fill the berm with mulch. This makes it easier to water the
tree and keeps weeds away.
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Performance Objective: the trainee should be able to dig a hole within 1hr
with the recommended standard.
Supplies/Materials:
1.Choose the spot in which you want to plant the tree. Spread a plastic tarp on
the ground on one side of it on which to deposit dirt. That way, all you have to
do is lift the tarp to backfill the hole.
2. Loosen an area of the ground equal to about two to three times the diameter
of the tree's root ball. Use a pickaxe if the ground is rocky.
3.Dig the hole with a round-point shovel. Push the blade about halfway into
the ground, tilt it back to loosen the dirt, then lift the dirt out of the hole.
4.Dig the hole no deeper than the height of the root ball. Loosen the soil in the
bottom of the hole to a depth of 8 to 12 inches, as well as the soil on the sides
of the hole, with the shovel.
5.Build a 4-inch berm around the edge of the hole after you're finished planting
the tree and fill the berm with mulch.
Assessment Method:
Demonstration and Direct Observation
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CRITERIA YES NO
Did you...
Comments / Suggestions:
Trainer: Date:
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Performance Objective: the trainee be able to select and prepare site for
planting
Supplies/Materials:
Pose digger
Spade
Trowel
Bolo
Grub hoe
Sprinkler
Hose
Gate valve
Pvc hose
Plumbing tools
Steps/Procedures:
1. Select site
2. Stake the site
3. Install irrigation
4. Dig hole
Assessment Method:
Demonstration and Direct Observation
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CRITERIA YES NO
Did you...
Install irrigation?
Dig holes?
Comments / Suggestions:
Trainer: Date:
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ASUNSION, R.G., JR 1991 Technology and Home economics 1 Agricultural Arts: Abiva
Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City
MENDIOLA, N.B 1959. PRINCIPLES of Crops Production. United Circulation, Inc. Malabon
Rizal
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