Interview questions

Electrical interview question:

1) What is meant by regenerative braking?
Answer: When the supply is cut off for a running motor, it still continue running
due to inertia. In order to stop it quickly we place a load (resistor) across the
armature winding and the motor should have maintained continuous field supply.
so that back e.m.f voltage is made to apply across the resistor and due to load the
motor stops quickly. This type of breaking is called as "Regenerative Breaking".

2) Why is the starting current high in a DC motor?

Answer: In DC motors, Voltage equation is V=Eb-IaRa (V = Terminal voltage,Eb
= Back emf in Motor,Ia = Armature current,Ra = Armature resistance).At starting,
Eb is zero. Therefore, V=IaRa, Ia = V/Ra , where Ra is very less like 0.01ohm.i.e,
Ia will become enormously increased.

3) What are the advantages of star-delta starter with induction motor?

Answer :( 1). The main advantage of using the star delta starter is reduction of
current during the starting of the motor. Starting current is reduced to 3-4 times
Of current of Direct online starting.(2). Hence the starting current is reduced; the
voltage drops during the starting of motor in systems are reduced.

4) Why Delta Star Transformers are used for Lighting Loads?

Answer: For lighting loads, neutral conductor is must and hence the secondary
must be star winding. And this lighting load is always unbalanced in all three
phases. To minimize the current unbalance in the primary we use delta winding
in the primary. So delta / star transformer is used for lighting loads.

5) Why in a three pin plug the earth pin is thicker and longer than the other pins?
Answer: It depends upon R=rho l/a where area(a) is inversely proportional to
resistance (R), so if (a) increases, R decreases & if R is less the leakage current
will take low resistance path so the earth pin should be thicker. It is longer

Prepared By K.P.N Subhash

Interview questions

because the First to make the connection and last to disconnect should be earth
Pin. This assures Safety for the person who uses the electrical instrument.

6) Why series motor cannot be started on no-load?

Answer: Series motor cannot be started without load because of high starting
torque. Series motor are used in Trains, Crane etc.

7) Why ELCB can't work if N input of ELCB do not connect to ground?

Answer: ELCB is used to detect earth leakage fault. Once the phase and neutral
are connected in an ELCB, the current will flow through phase and that much
current will have to return neutral so resultant current is zero. Once there is a
ground fault in the load side, current from phase will directly pass through earth
and it will not return through neutral through ELCB. That means once side
current is going and not returning and hence because of this difference in current
ELCB will trip and it will safe guard the other circuits from faulty loads. If the
neutral is not grounded, fault current will definitely high and that full fault current
will come back through ELCB, and there will be no difference in current.

8) Why we do 2 types of earthing on tranformer ie: body earthing & neutral

earthing, what is function. i am going to install a 5oo kva tranformer & 380 kva DG
set what should the earthing value?
Answer: The two types of earthing are Familiar as Equipment earthing and
System earthing. In Equipment earthing: body (non conducting part)of the
equipment should be earthed to safeguard the human beings. System Earthing:
In this neutral of the supply source (Transformer or Generator) should be
grounded. With this, in case of unbalanced loading neutral will not be shifted .so
that unbalanced voltages will not arise. We can protect the equipment also. With
size of the equipment( transformer or alternator)and selection of relying system

Prepared By K.P.N Subhash

Interview questions

earthing will be further classified into directly earthed, Impedance earthing,

resistive (NGRs) earthing.

9) What is the difference between MCB & MCCB, Where it can be used?
Answer: MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is thermal operated and use for
short circuit protection in small current rating circuit. MCCB moulded case circuit
breaker and is thermal operated for over load current and magnetic operation for
instant trip in short circuit condition. under voltage and under frequency may be
inbuilt. Normally it is used where normal current is more than 100A.

10) Where should the lighting arrestor be placed in distribution lines?

Answer: Near distribution transformers and out going feeders of 11kv and
incoming feeder of 33kv and near power transformers in sub-stations.

11) Define IDMT relay?

Answer: It is an inverse definite minimum time relay. In IDMT relay its operating
is inversely proportional and also a characteristic of minimum time after which
this relay operates. It is inverse in the sense ,the tripping time will decrease as
the magnitude of fault current increase.

12) What are the transformer losses?

Answer: TRANSFORMER LOSSES - Transformer losses have two sources-
copper loss and magnetic loss. Copper losses are caused by the resistance of
the wire (I2R). Magnetic losses are caused by eddy currents and hysteresis in
the core. Copper loss is a constant after the coil has been wound and therefore a
measureable loss. Hysteresis loss is constant for a particular voltage and current.
Eddy-current loss, however, is different for each frequency passed through the
transformer.

Prepared By K.P.N Subhash

Interview questions

13) What is the difference between Isolator and Circuit Breaker?

Answer: Isolator is a off load device which is used for isolating the downstream
circuits from upstream circuits for the reason of any maintenance on downstream
circuits. It is manually operated and does not contain any solenoid unlike circuit
breaker. it should not be operated while it is having load. first the load on it must
be made zero and then it can safely operated. Its specification only rated current
is given. But circuit breaker is on load automatic device used for breaking the
circuit incase of abnormal conditions like short-circuit, overload etc., it is having
three specification 1 is rated current and 2 is short circuit breaking capacity and 3
is instantaneous tripping current.

14) what is boucholz relay and the significance of it in to the transformer?

Answer: Boucholz relay is a device which is used for the protection of
transformer from its internal faults; it is a gas based relay. whenever any internal
fault occurs in a transformer, the boucholz relay at once gives a horn for some
time, if the transformer is isolated from the circuit then it stop its sound itself other
wise it trips the circuit by its own tripping mechanism.

15) What is SF6 Circuit Breaker?

Answer: SF6 is Sulpher hexa Fluoride gas.. if this gas is used as arc quenching
medium in a Circuit breaker means SF6 CB.

16) what is ferranti effect?

Answer: Output voltage is greater than the input voltage or receiving end voltage
is greater than the sending end voltage.

17) what is meant by insulation voltage in cables? explain it?

Answer: It is the property of a cable by virtue of it can withstand the applied
voltage without rupturing it is known as insulation level of the cable.

Prepared By K.P.N Subhash

Interview questions

18) how to calculate capacitor bank value to maintain unity power factor with some
suitable example?
Answer:KVAR= KW(TAN(COS(-1)#e)- TAN(COS(-1)#d) )
#e= EXISTING P.F.
#d= DESIRED P.F.

19) Tell me in detail about c.t. and p.t.?

Answer: The term C.T means current transformer, and the term P.T means
potential transformer. In ckt where measurements of high voltage and high
current is involved they are used there. Particularly when a measuring device like
voltmeter or ammeter is not able to measure such high value of quantity because
of large value of torque due to such high value it can damage the measuring
device. so, CT and PT are introduced in the ckts. They work on the same
principle of transformer, which is based on linkage of electromagnetic flux
produced by primary with secondary. They work on the ratio to they are
designed.E.g if CTis of ratio 5000\5A and it has to measure secondary current of
8000A.then ANS=8000*5\5000=8Aand this result will be given to ammeter .and
after measuring 8A we can calculate the primary current. same is
the operation of PT but measuring voltage.

20) There are a Transformer and an induction machine. Those two have the
same supply. For which device the load current will be maximum? And why?
Answer: The motor has max load current compare to that of transformer bcoz
the motor consumes real power.. and the transformer is only producing the
working flux and its not consuming.. hence the load current in the transformer is
because of core loss so it is minimum.

21) what is power factor? Whether it should be high or low? why?

Answer: Power factor should be high in order to get smooth operation of the
Prepared By K.P.N Subhash
Interview questions
system. Low power factor means losses will be more. it is the ratio of true power
to apparent power. it has to be ideally 1. if it is too low then cable over heating &
equipment overloading will occur. if it is greater than 1 then load will act as
capacitor and starts feeding the source and will cause tripping.(if pf is poor ex:
0.17 to meet actual power load has to draw more current(V constant),result in
more losses if pf is good ex: 0.95 to meet actual power load has to draw less
current(V constant),result in less losses).

22) What happens if i connect a capacitor to a generator load?

Answer: Connecting a capacitor across a generator always improves power
factor, but it will help depends up on the engine capacity of the alternator,
otherwise the alternator will be over loaded due to the extra watts consumed due
to the improvement on pf. Secondly, don't connect a capacitor across an
alternator while it is picking up or without any other load.

23) Why the capacitors work on ac only?

Answer: Generally, capacitor gives infinite resistance to dc components (i.e.,
block the dc components). it allows the ac components to pass through.

24) Explain the working principal of the circuit breaker?

Answer: Circuit Breaker is one which makes or breaks the circuit. It has two
contacts namely fixed contact & moving contact. Under normal condition the
moving contact comes in contact with fixed contact thereby forming the closed
contact for the flow of current. During abnormal & faulty conditions (when current
exceeds the rated value) an arc is produced between the fixed & moving
contacts & thereby it forms the open ckt.Arc is extinguished by the Arc
Quenching media like air, oil, vacuum etc.

25) How many types of cooling system it transformers?

Answer:1. ONAN (oil natural, air natural)
2. ONAF (oil natural, air forced)
3. OFAF (oil forced, air forced)

Prepared By K.P.N Subhash

Interview questions
4. ODWF (oil direct, water forced)
5. OFAN (oil forced, air forced)

26) What is the function of anti-pumping in circuit breaker?

Answer: when breaker is close at one time by close push button he anti pumping
contactor prevent re close the breaker by close push button after if it already
close.

27) what is stepper motor. What is its uses?

Answer: Stepper motor is the electrical machine which act upon input pulse
applied to it. it is one type of synchronous motor which runs in steps in either
direction instead of running in complete cycle. so, in automation parts it is used.

28) What is Automatic Voltage regulator (AVR)?

Answer: AVR is an abbreviation for Automatic Voltage Regulator. It is important
part in Synchronous Generators; it controls the output voltage of the generator by
controlling its excitation current. Thus, it can control the output Reactive Power of
the Generator.

29) What is an exciter and how does it work?

Answer: There are two types of exciters, static exciter and rotary exciter.
Purpose of exciter is to supply the excitation dc voltage to the fixed poles of
generator. Rotary exciter is an additional small generator mounted on the shaft of
main generator. if it is dc generator, it will supply dc to the rotor poles through slip
ring and brushes (conventional alternator). if it is an ac exciter, output of ac
exciter is rectified by rotating diodes and supply dc to main fixed poles.ac exciter

Prepared By K.P.N Subhash

Interview questions

is the ac generator whose field winding are stationary and armature rotates. initial
voltage is built up by residual magnetism gives the starting torque to the
generator.

30) Difference between a four-point starter and three point starter?

Answer: The shunt connection in four-point starter is provided separately from
the line where as in three point state it is connected with line which is the
drawback in three point starter

31) Why use the VCB at High Transmission System? Why can't use ACB?
Answer: Actually the thing is vacuum has high arc quenching property compare
to air because in VCB ,the die electric strength is equal to 8 times of air . That
why always vacuum used as in HT breaker and air used as in LT.

32) What is the difference between surge arrestor and lightning arrestor?
Answer: LA is installed outside and the effect of lightning is grounded, where as
surge arrestor installed inside panels comprising of resistors which consumes the
energy and nullify the effect of surge.

33) Why syn. generators are used for the production of electricity?
Answer: synchronous machines have capability to work on different power factor
(or say different imaginary power varying the field emf. Hence syn. generators are
used to produce electricity.

34) What is the difference between synchronous generator & asynchronous

generator?
Answer: In simple, synchronous generator supply's both active and reactive
power but asynchronous generator (induction generator) supply's only active
power and observe reactive power for magnetizing. This type of generators is
used in windmills.

Prepared By K.P.N Subhash

Interview questions

35)1 ton is equal to how many watts?

Answer:1 ton = 12000 BTU/hr and to convert BTU/hr to horsepower,
12,000 * 0.0003929 = 4.715 hp therefore 1 ton = 4.715*.746 = 3.5 KW.

36) why syn. generators r used for the production of electricity?

Answer: synchronous machines have capability to work on different power factor
(or say different imaginary pow varying the field emf. Hence syn. generators r
used for the production of electricity.

37) Enlist types of dc generator?

Answer: D.C.Generators are classified into two types

1) Separately excited d.c.generator

2) Self excited d.c.generator, which is further classified into;

1) Series
2) Shunt and
3) Compound (which is further classified into cumulative and differential).

38) Give two basic speed control scheme of DC shunt motor?

Answer:1. By using flux control method: in this method a rheostat is connected
across the field wdg to control the field current. so by changing the current the
flux produced by the field wdg can be changed, and since speed is inversely
proportional to flux speed can be controlled 2.armature control method:in this
method a rheostat is connected across armature wdg.by varying the resistance
the value of resistive drop(IaRa)can be varied,and since speed is directly
propotional to Eb-IaRa the speed can be controlled.

39) what is the principle of motor?

Answer: Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field it
produce turning or twisting movement is called as torque.

40) what is meant by armature reaction?

Answer: The effect of armature flu to main flux is called armature reaction. The
armature flux may support main flux or opposes main flux.
Prepared By K.P.N Subhash
Interview questions

41) Give two basic speed control scheme of DC shunt motor?

Answer:1. By using flux control method: in this method a rheostat is connected
across the field wdg to control the field current.so by changing the current the flux
produced by the field wdg can be changed, and since speed is inversely
proportional to flux speed can be controlled 2.armature control method: in this
method a rheostat is connected across armature wdg.by varying the resistance
the value of resistive drop(IaRa)can be varied, and since speed is directly
proportional to Eb-Ia, Ra the speed can be controlled.

42) what is the difference between synchronous generator & asynchronous

generator?
Answer: In simple, synchronous generator supply's both active and reactive
power but asynchronous generator (induction generator) supply's only active
power and observe reactive power for magnetizing. This type of generators is
used in windmills.

43) What is the Polarization index value? (pi value) and simple definition of
polarization index?
Answer: Its ratio between insulation resistance (IR)i.e. megger value
for 10min to insulation resistance for 1 min. It ranges from 5-7 for new motors &
normally for motor to be in good condition it should be Greater than 2.5 .

44) What will happen when power factor is leading in distribution of power?
Answer: If there is high power factor, i.e if the power factor is close to one:
1) losses in form of heat will be reduced.
2) cable becomes less bulky and easy to carry, and very cheap to afford, &
it also reduces over heating of tranformers.

45) what is the one main difference between UPS & inverter ? And electrical
engineering & electronics engineering ?
Answer: uninterrupted power supply is mainly use for short time means
according to ups VA it gives backup. ups is also two types : on line and offline .
Prepared By K.P.N Subhash
Interview questions

online ups having high volt and amp for long time backup with with high dc
voltage. but ups start with 12v dc with 7 amp. but inverter is start with 12v,24,dc
to 36v dc and 120amp to 180amp battery with long time backup.

46) What is 2 phase motor?

Answer: A two phase motor is a motor with the starting winding and the running
winding have a phase split. e.g;ac servo motor.where the auxiliary winding and
the control winding have a phase split of 90 degree.
47) Advantages of vvvf drives over non vvvf drives for EOT cranes?
Answer:1.smooth start and stop.
2. no jerking of load.

3. exact posiitoning
4. better protection for motor.
5.high/low speed selection.
6.reliability of break shoe.
7.programmable break control.
8.easy circutry
9.reduction in controls
10.increases motor life

48) What is the significance of vector grouping in Power Transformers?

Answer: Every power transformer has a vector group listed by its manufacturer.
Fundamentally it tells you the information about how the windings are connected
(delta or wye) and the phase difference between the current and voltage. EG.
DYN11 means Delta primary, Wye Secondary and the current is at 11 o clock
reffered to the voltage.

49) Which type of A.C motor is used in the fan (ceiling fan, exhaust fan, padestal
fan, bracket fan etc) which are find in the houses ?
Answer:Its Single Phase induction motor which mostly squirrel cage rotor and
are capacitor start capacitor run.

50) why, when birds sit on transmission lines or current wires doesn't get shock?
Answer: Its true that if birds touch the single one line (phase or neutral) they
don't get electrical shock... if birds touch 2 lines than the circuit is closed and they
Prepared By K.P.N Subhash
Interview questions

get electrical shock.. so if a human touch single one line(phase) then he doesn't
get shock if he is in the air (not touching - standing on the ground if he is standing
on the ground then touching the line (phase) he will get a shock because the
ground on what we standing is like line (ground bed - like neutral) and in the
most of electric lines the neutral is grounded... so that means that human who
touch the line closes the circuit between phase and neutral.

51) what is meant by armature reaction?

Answer: The effect of armature flu to main flux is called armature reaction. The
armature flux may support main flux or opposes main flux.

52) what happen if we give 220 volts dc supply to d bulb r tube light?
Answer: Bulbs [devices] for AC are designed to operate such that it offers high
impedance to AC supply. Normally they have low resistance. When DC supply is
applied, due to low resistance, the current through lamp would be so high that it
may damage the bulb element.

53) Which motor has high Starting Torque and Staring current DC motor,
Induction motor or Synchronous motor?
Answer: DC Series motor has high starting torque. We can not start the
Induction motor and Synchronous motors on load, but can not start the DC series
motor without load.

54) what is ACSR cable and where we use it?

Answer: ACSR means Aluminum conductor steel reinforced, this conductor is
used in transmission & distribution.

55) What is vaccum currcuit breaker.define with cause and where be use it
Device?
Answer: A breaker is normally used to break a ciruit. while breaking the circuit,
the contact terminals will be separated. At the time of seperation an air gap is
formed in between the terminals. Due to existing current flow the air in the gap is
ionised and results in the arc. various mediums are used to quench this arc in
respective CB's. but in VCB the medium is vaccum gas. since the air in the CB is
having vaccum pressure the arc formation is interrupted. VCB's can be used upto
Prepared By K.P.N Subhash
Interview questions

11kv.

56) what is MARX CIRCUIT?

Answer: It is used with generators for charging a number of capacitor in parallel
and discharging them in series. It is used when voltage required for testing is
higher than the available.

57) What is encoder, how it function?

Answer: An encoder is a device used to change a signal (such as a bitstream) or
data into a code. The code may serve any of a number of purposes such as
compressing information for transmission or storage, encrypting or adding
redundancies to the input code, or translating from one code to another. This is
usually done by means of a programmed algorithm, especially if any part is
digital, while most analog encoding is done with analog circuitry.

58) What are the advantages of speed control using thyrister?

Answer: Advantages :1. Fast Switching Characterestics than Mosfet, BJT, IGBT
2. Low cost 3. Higher Accuract.

59) Why Human body feel Electric shock ?? n in an Electric train during running ,
We didnt feel any Shock ? why?
Answer: Unfortunately our body is a pretty good conductor of electricity, The
golden rule is Current takes the lowest resistant path if you have insulation to our
feet as the circuit is not complete (wearing rubber footwear which doing some
repairs is advisable as our footwear is a high resistance path not much current
flows through our body).The electric train is well insulated from its electrical
system.

60) what is the principle of motor?

Answer: Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it
produce turning or twisting movement is called as torque.

Prepared By K.P.N Subhash

Interview questions

61) What is electric traction?

Answer: Traction means using the electric power for traction system i.e. for
railways, trams, trolleys etc. electric traction means use of the electricity for all
these . now a days, magnetic traction is also used for bullet trains. basically dc
motors aroused for electric traction systems.

62) How can you start-up the 40w tube lite with 230v AC/DC without using any
choke/Coil?
Answer: I t's possible by means of Electronic choke. Otherwise it's not possible
to ionise the particles in tube. Light, with normal voltage.

63) What is "pu" in electrical engg?

Answer: Pu stands for per unit and this will be used in power system single line
diagram there it is like a huge electrical circuit with no of componenets
(generators, transformers, loads) with different ratings (in MVA and KV). To bring
all the ratings into common platform we use pu concept in which, in general
largest MVA and KV ratings of the component is considered as base values, then
all other component ratings will get back into this basis. Those values are called
as pu values. (p.u=actual value/base value).

64) Operation carried out in Thermal power station?

Answer: The water is obtained in the boiler and the coal is burnt so that steam is
obtained this steam is allowed to hit the turbine , the turbine which is coupled
with the generator generates the electricity.

65) Why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit and fuse in phase of ac circuit?
Answer: Link is provided at a Neutral common point in the circuit from which
various connection are taken for the individual control circuit and so it is given in
a link form to withstand high Amps. But in the case of Fuse in the Phase of AC
circuit it is designed such that the fuse rating is calculated for the particular circuit
(i.e load) only.So if any malfunction happens the fuse connected in the particular
control circuit alone will blow off.

Prepared By K.P.N Subhash

Interview questions

66) what is the diff. btwn. electronic regulator and ordinary rheostat regulator for
fans?
Answer: The difference between the electronic and ordinary regulator is that in
electronic reg. power losses are lessi.e.for as we decrease the speed the
electronic reg. give the power needed for that particular speed but in case of
ordinary rh type reg. the power wastage is same for every speed and no power is
saved. In electronic regulator triac is employed for speed cntrl.by varying the
firing angle speed is controlled but in rheostat ctrl resistance is decreased by
steps to achieve speed control.

Prepared By K.P.N Subhash