The materials that we see around us exist in different forms: solids, liquids, or gases.

Like
other materials, solids have different characteristics or properties such as size, shape, color,
odor, and texture. There are other properties which can be used to group materials: ability to
absorb water, ability to float or sink, and decaying or non-decaying.
Materials should be properly handled, stored, and labeled based on their properties.
Methods of recycling, reducing, reusing, recovering, repairing, and segregating will be
identified for learners to be able to communicate the importance or benefits of conserving used
resources.
All these things will be tackled in this chapter.

Are you ready?

As you are about to play
with these materials,
know that you shall be
able to…

1. Group materials according to their properties.

2. Identify proper handling of materials according to their
properties 1
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 I know you’re very
eager and excited to
learn. Let’s do this
first!

Pretest
Directions: Choose and copy the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following materials float in water?
A. big stone
B. metal spoon
C. empty plastic bottle
D. crystal glass
2. Which material can be used to prevent oneself from drowning?
A. metal bar
B. cotton roll
C. piece of wood
D. hollow blocks
3. Why do boats float in water?
A. They are made of wood.
B. Man uses paddle.
C. The sea breeze makes the boat float.
D. The boat is tied with plastic string.
4. If you are going to dispose waste materials, what are you going
to do with the decaying ones?
A. Make a compost.
B. Throw them in the river.
C. Mix them with the non-decaying.
D. Keep them in the cabinet.
5. A glass of water spilled on the table. What are you going to use
to dry the table?
A. cotton C. tissue paper
B. rug made of cloth D. handkerchief

C. Handkerchief
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6. If you are exposed to garbage, what kind of illness would you
probably get?
A. heart failure C. goiter
B. asthma D. nose bleed
7. Which of the following show proper waste disposal?
A. Throwing garbage to the sea.
B. Putting all waste materials in one container.
C. Throwing left-over food in the drainage canal.
D. Segregating waste into decaying and non-decaying.
8. Why do some materials absorb water?
A. They have tiny holes.
B. They are made of vinyl.
C. They are expensive.
D. They are cheap.
9. Which of the following materials have the ability to sink in water?
A. metal spoon C. plastic sheet
B. wood D. twigs
10. How should non-decaying wastes be disposed?
A. by composting C. by recycling
B. reusing D. both B and C
11. What becomes of wastes which are not properly disposed?
A. breeding places of pests C. speed up the materials to decay.
B. cause loss of humus soil D. allow free flow of rainwater.
12. How should wastes be segregated?
A. decaying and non-decaying C. small and big
B. bluish and yellowish D. hard and soft
13. What safety precaution do you need to observe in disposing
waste?
A. Use gloves. C. Keep wastes in the kitchen.
B. Taste them. D. Expose yourself to wastes
14. What should people do with the garbage?
A. Dispose waste properly. C. Throw waste anywhere.
B. Take medicine. D. Drink untreated water.
15. What are the 5R’s of waste management?
A. Reuse, Repeat, Recycle, Recover, Repair
B. Reuse, Recycle, Recover, Repair, Reduce
C. Reuse, Recycle, Recover, Rewind, Repair
D. Reuse, Recycle, Repair, Reduce, Replay
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Getting Started….

Have fun while learning kids!

Lesson 1

Materials that
Absorb Water

There are different methods of grouping materials. One of

which is their ability to absorb water. Some materials can
absorb water faster than the others; some absorb more
water than others.
These materials are said to be absorbent and non-absorbent
materials
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 Absorbent materials are materials
that can absorb water. They have
different properties like pores which
allow liquid or air to pass through.
These small holes make the materials
to be natural absorber of water.

Non-absorbent materials cannot

absorb water. They are made of
metal, glass, plastic, and rubber.
These materials are not porous so air
and liquid cannot pass through
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Remember!

Absorbent materials are materials that have

pores which allow air and liquid to pass
through.

Non-absorbent materials have no pores. Air

and liquid cannot pass through.

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 Directions:
Know Me! Write on the blanks AM for absorbent materials
and NAM for non-absorbent materials.

____________1. socks ______________6. tin can

____________2. cutting board ______________7. floor mop

____________3. newspaper ______________8. coin

____________4. rain coat ______________9. blanket

_ ___________5. carpet _____________10. key

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 Where should I belong?

Directions:
Put the name of each material found
inside the box below under the correct
heading/label.

Absorbent Materials Non-absorbent

Materials

1. 1.

2. 2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.

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 LESSON 2: Materials that Float or Sink

Materials have unique properties which make them float or sink.

Sink means to fall to the bottom of water, float means to stay on top.
Some things float on top of water, some things stay submerged
partway down. Some things sink very fast and some sink very slow.
Some things float at first, but then sink as they absorb water or take
on through holes.
Some of the materials that float are made of wood and plastic.
Materials made of metal usually sink.

So why do Ships and boats have large surface

ships and boats area and hollow cavity that allow it
float? to float. The water pushing upward
on the ship is more than the gravity
that pulls the ship down.

The ability of an object to float when it is placed in a fluid is called

buoyant force and is related to density. If an object is less dense than
the fluid in which it is placed, it floats. If it is denser than the fluid, it
sinks.
Buoyancy is how well something floats. In order for an object to
float, its density has to be less than whatever liquid is floating on. So,
the less dense an object is relative to the liquid it is floating on the more
buoyant it is.
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Remember:

Some things float on top of water, some things stay submerged partway
down. Some things sink very fast and some sink very slow. Some things
float at first, but then sink as they absorb water or take on through holes.
Some of the materials that float are made of wood and plastic. Materials
made of metal usually sink.
The ability of an object to float when it is placed in a fluid is called
buoyant force and is related to density.
Buoyancy is how well something floats.

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Directions: Classify the materials as to whether they float or sink in a body of water.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

Directions: Put the name of the object in the basket where it should belong.
Plastic bottle large stones rubber balls metal spoon
Toy boat made of wood toy doll made of plastic plastic book cover
Pencils toy boat made of rubber plastic saucers coins

Float
Sink
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 How well did you do? Get
ready for the next lesson!

LESSON 3
Decaying and Non-decaying Materials
Another method of grouping different materials is based on whether they are
decaying or non-decaying.
Decaying materials are those that break down while they spoil. They
undergo decomposition. Examples are manure, feces, rotting meat, fruits
and vegetables.

Non-decaying materials are those that do not break down

and do not undergo decomposition. Rubbish, industrial
wastes, mining wastes and ashes are nom-decaying materials.

Decaying materials pose threats

to our health and safety

Mold spores cause bacterial and fungal decay so when exposed to food, it is
hazardous to health. Food molds such as Aspergillus, produce poisons
containing carcinogens, resulting to toxic and cancerous effects on humans and
animals.
Building materials are decayed by the effects of adverse environmental
conditions. The decay of wood cells by fungi results to the loss of weight and
strength of the wood.
The tooth is also vulnerable to decay. Repeated acid attacks break down the
tooth and cause cavities.
Chemical effects may occur after the uptake of large amounts of uranium,
which can cause kidney disease.
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 Remember!
Decaying materials are those
that break down while they spoil.
They undergo decomposition.
Non-decaying materials are
those that do not break down and
do not undergo decomposition.
Decaying materials pose threats
to our health and safety.

Are you ready to take the test?

Yes, we are!
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 Find Me!

Look for the words related with decaying and non-decaying

materials.
G A R B A G E W G R S D

C L D I R T E S U L E E

R O C K S S L M E B G C

D N F A I L D Z H B D A

S J W U P O C M S N G Y

R W O O D G C L A Y J I

Classify each material as to decaying

and non-decaying

_____1. Fruit peelings ______6. Rubber

_____2. Paper ______7. Leaves
_____3. Glass ______8. Metals
_____4. Food ______9. Meat
_____5. Styro _____10. Plastics
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 Now, get ready How will you
for the next one! deal with waste
materials?

LESSON 4: Proper Handling of Waste Materials

Waste materials should be properly handled to avoid injuries or

diseases they may cause. How?
Minimize garbage by using recyclable products or non-disposable
products. Whenever possible, buy fresh products instead of those in
cans and frozen goods. Keep garbage bags lined with color-coded
tape that corresponds to the color of the recycling bins outside. Put
all waste materials in the right bins as they need to be thrown away.
Wear protective gloves when dealing with chemicals such as cleaning
empty product containers. Learn and post the schedule of the
different trash pick-ups for the neighborhood.

Is it important to
properly handle
waste materials?

Correct handling and disposing of waste materials is good for

the environment, cost effective, and an aid in keeping the home and
surroundings clean and safe.
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 Oops! Did you
understand the lesson?

Remember!!
Proper handling and disposing waste materials is good for the
environment and for the safety of anyone.
 Minimize garbage by using recyclable products or non-
disposable products.
 Buy fresh products.
 Keep garbage bags lined with color-coded tape.
 Put all waste materials in the right bins as they need to be
thrown away.
 Wear protective gloves when dealing with chemicals.
 Learn and post the schedule of the different trash pick-ups
for the neighborhood.

How far have you

learned? Let’s see!
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 Correct me if you can!

Directions:
Put a on the line provided for if you agree with the sentence and if
not.
1. _________ Handle and dispose waste materials properly.
2. _________ Disposing wastes is not safe for anyone.
3. _________ Use recyclable products.
4. _________ Throw trash everywhere.
5. _________ Buy canned goods instead of fresh ones.
6. _________ Use leftovers excluding meat, for garden compost.
7. _________ Put all waste materials in one bin.
8. _________ Wear protective gear in handling materials.
9. _________ Place the right cans in any place.
10. _________ Hazardous wastes can contribute to global warming so they
should be kept properly.

Directions: Fill in each blank the correct word to complete the

sentences. Choose the word from the box below.
1. Minimize garbage by using ____________ products.
2. Buy ___________ products.
3. Keep garbage bags lined with _______________ taped.
4. Put all waste materials in the __________ bins as they need to be
thrown away.
5. Wear ______________ gloves when dealing with chemicals.

protective recyclable color-coded right fresh

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 Let us also talk about
proper storage of
materials.
Sit back and relax!

LESSON 5: Proper Storage and

Safekeeping of Useful and Harmful
Materials
Different materials play important roles in our life. Both useful
and harmful things can cause injury or death if improperly
stored. Here are some tips.
1. Always place containers of useful and harmful materials
out of reach of children.
2. Install child safety locks and child-proof latches on all
floor-level cabinets in the bathroom and kitchen.
3. Store all useful and harmful materials in their original
containers.
4. Always read the warnings on the labels of all useful and
harmful materials to determine which ones are flammable.
5. Always read the labels of different materials.
6. Use materials only in a place that has proper ventilation.
7. Make sure the storage space you are using to store your
materials is also ventilated.
8. Never ever leave a bottle or container of materials open
and unattended while you are doing your work.
9. When working, take only the proper amount that you need
from the container, then seal it, back up, and store away
immediately.
10. When you are done with your work, properly
dispose the objects that touched the materials you have
used.
11. Know what to do if a problem arises when human or
animal has contacted with these materials.
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 Remember!

People derived a number of benefits from different

materials. If used properly, they can make our lives
easy and comfortable. If used irresponsibly, they can be
harmful.
You must store these materials properly to ensure
the health and safety of your family. Though many of
the useful materials sold today are called “green”
because they are made from all-natural ingredients,
these only lessen the chance of harm and does not
completely eliminate it. No matter what type of
materials you keep in your homes, you must store and
dispose these products safely.
Proper storage of these materials will prolong their
life.

Are you ready for

the next battle?
Let’s see if you can
pass the test!
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 Name Me!

Directions: Arrange the

jumbled letters to form
words related to proper
Good luck! storage and safekeeping of
wastes.

1. RETOS _________________________________
2. DOSPEIS _________________________________
3. VNETILADET _________________________________
4. PROEPLYR _________________________________
5. SAFTEY LCOKS _________________________________
6. RAED WRANIGNS ________________________________
7. OUT FO RAECH _________________________________
8. CONTIANRES _________________________________
9. USFEUL _________________________________
10. H R A M F L U _______________________________

Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is

incorrect.
____________1. Materials can make our life easy if used properly.
____________2. Storing materials ensure the health and death of the
members of the family.
____________3. Store and dispose products safely.
____________4. Proper storage of materials will shorten their life.
____________5. Storing materials help lessen the harm it may bring.
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 Great job kids!
Now let’s move on
to the last lesson.

LESSON 6:
Materials That Can Be Recycled, Reduced,
Reused, Recovered, and Repaired

A great way to conserve

resources and help save the
environment is to follow
the 5Rs.

Reduce
Waste reduction simply means lessening the use of
unnecessary materials and avoiding disposable or single use
products.
Reuse
It is using a waste product without further transformation
and without changing its shape or original nature.
Recycle
This is all about making new products out of old materials.
Recover
Recover is to convert waste into resources (such as
electricity, heat, compost and fuel) through different means.
This occurs after reduce, reuse and recycle have been
attempted.
Repair
It is the process of restoring old stuffs so they can be used
again.
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 Remember!

 The 5R’s can help us distinguish what is truly wasteful

and what is not.
 They help us conserve resources which can be used by
the next generation.
 They help save the environment
 Recycle, Reduce, Reuse, Recover, and Repair are
effective methods of zero waste management.

Just relax.
Good luck!
Now, I’m very
sure you’re
ready for the
test!
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 It’s 5R’s time!

Directions: Identify whether each material is under Recycle, Reduce,

Reuse, Recover, or Repair

1. Used papers _____________________________

2. Buying large containers of food _____________________________
3. Plastic bags _____________________________
4. Glass containers _____________________________
5. Printer cartridges _____________________________
6. Worn-out clothes _____________________________
7. Worn-out shoes _____________________________
8. Glass converted to new bottles _____________________________
9. Worn-out bags _____________________________
10. Ecobags ___________________________
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 Did you enjoy
discovering
materials and their
properties?
Well, you are now
ready to face the
last challenge!
POST TEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is an absorbent material?

A. key
B. sponges
C. nail clipper
D. cutting board
2. What makes coconut husk an absorbent material?
A. It has hair.
B. It has feather
C. It has pores
D. It has grease.
3. Which of the following is a non-absorbent material?
A. pajamas
B. rubber glove
C. cotton buds
D. newspaper
4. Which material floats in the water?
A. toy car
B. spoon
C. coin
D. needle
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5.
5. What do you call the ability of an object to float in a liquid?
A. buoyant force
B. light
C. floater
D. density
6. Which statement is true about floating materials?
A. They are denser than the liquid they float on.
B. They are less dense than the liquid they float on.
C. They have the same weight with the liquid they float on.
D. They have no weight at all.
7. Which materials break down while they spoil?
A. decaying
B. non-decaying
C. converting
D. composting
8. Which is an example of non-decaying materials?
A. wood
B. vegetables
C. fruits
D. rubbish
9. What can spoil food do to our body?
A. It can change the color of our skin.
B. It can cause stomachache.
C. It can destroy our appetite.
D. It can cleanse our stomach.
10. What do biodegradable materials do?
A. They can decompose.
B. They can multiply their number.
C. They can minimize pollution.
D. They can help solve environmental problems.
11. Which way can help minimize garbage?
A. Use recyclable products.
B. Use disposable products.
C. Use non-recyclable products.
D. Use throwable products.
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12. Which product should you buy when you go to the market?
A. fresh products
B. canned goods
C. frozen goods
D. expired goods
13. Which is true about handling waste materials?
A. Put all waste materials in the right bin.
B. Wear protective gloves.
C. Use leftovers, excluding meat, for garden compost.
D. A to C
14. What can you do to aluminum cans, plastics, and glass
containers?
A. Recycle them
B. Reduce the materials.
C. Repair the materials.
D. Recover the materials.
15. Which of the following can be reused for babies?
A. disposable diapers
B. plastic diapers
C. cloth diapers
D. rubber diapers

Congratulations
How’s your for a job well
experience done!
kids?

If you got 15-14, it means you applied

what you’ve learned. If you got 13-8,
What does your score you have a good understanding about
mean?
the properties of matter. If you scored
7-below, you lacked the needed
competencies and therefore, you have
to study the module again.
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 Key to Correction

Pretest POST TEST LESSON 1 LESSON 2 (A) LESSON 2 (B)

1. C 1. B 1. AM 1. float FLOAT
2. C 2. C 2. NAM 2. sink
3. A 3. B 3. AM 3. float plastic
4. A 4. A 4. NAM 4. Sink plastic book cover
5. B 5. A 5. AM 5. Float plastic saucers
6. B 6. B 6. NAM SINK plastic toy doll
7. D 7. A 7. AM coin pencil
8. A 8. D 8. NAM rubber
9. A 9. B 9. AM large stones
10. D 10. A 10. AM rubber balls
11. A 11. A metal spoon
12. A 12. A rubber toy boat
13. A 13. D
14. A 14. A
15. B 15. C

LESSON 3

1. Garbage 2. Decay 3. Clay 4. Wood 5. Log 6. Waste 7. Rocks

B) 1. Decaying 2. Decaying 3. Non-decaying 4. Decaying 5. Non-decaying

6. non-decaying 7. Decaying 8. non-decaying 9. Decaying 10. Non-decaying

LESSON 4

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

B) 1. Recyclable 2. Fresh 3. Color-coded 4. Right 5. Protective

LESSON 5

A) 1.store 2. Dispose 3. Ventilated 4. Properly 5. Safety locks

6. read warnings 7. Out of reach 8. Container 9. Useful 10. Harmful

B) 1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True

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Reference

You can use the

given references to
have further study
about the properties
of materials!
See you next time
kids!
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Page
29
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS
SUR
Bantay, Ilocos Sur

LEARNING MODULE IN
SCIENCE IV
The MATTERial World!
Prepared by:

Julisa R. Tarape
Writer

Illustrated by:

WILBERT QUINTUA
Illustrator

Content Validated by:

ROSEMARIE R. RARAS
Head Teacher III/Content Validator

Recommending Approval:

MARIA TERESITA R. GAPATE

EPS I-Science

Approved by:

GEMMA Q. TACUYCUY, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
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