All in One - 10th Class em - Fa-2

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--:: Contents ::--
Preface
1. Syllabus for FA 2.
2. Lab Activities for10 marks.
1) Classify the liquids as acids, bases and neutral solutions.
2) Identify the acid and base by olfactory indicators.
3) Reaction of acids with metals.
4) Testing substances by pH paper.
5) Acids produce Hydrogen ions in solutions.
6) Relation between angle of incidence and angle of refraction.
3. Project works 10 marks.
1) Collect information about acid and base indicators.
2) Make an indicator using Hibiscus petals.
3) Common acids and bases used in our daily life.
4) Importance of pH in everyday life.
5) Uses of plaster of Paris.
6) Hazards of Plaster of Paris.
7) Collect information of refractive indices of some material.
8) Applications of total internal reflection.
4. Written Works - Note books for 10 marks.
1) How to allot marks for written works - note books.
5. Slip test for 20 marks.
1) Formative Assessment 2 Model Paper
PREFACE
We decided to prepare ALL IN ONE, A Complete Book of Formative Assessment for the
help of all Physical Science 4 Ever blog users. As a part, we prepared this for “ALL IN ONE,
Formative Assessment 2’’ book.
Working towards improving the children's learning through observing and recording their
performance, while they are participating in teaching learning processes like project works, lab
activities, slip tests, etc., is called Formative Assessment.
It is used by the teacher to continuous observe children's progress in a non-formal way and
in supportive environment. It gives regular descriptive feedback, rather than marks and grades,
which give a chance for the students to reflect on their performance, take advice and improve upon
it. For class 10 formative assessments have to evaluate through four measures.
1) Lab Activities (10 marks) 2) Written works ( 10 marks)
3) Project works (10 marks) 4) Slip test (20 marks)
We very much thankful to all the viewers of our physicalscience4ever blog for giving this
opportunity to help you in the view PHYSICAL SCIENCE, what we like. This book is only for the
private use. No one should use this for commercial proposes.
Yours,
K V RAMANA & G V RAMA PRASAD,
Srikakulam District.
8008423323 & 7799884688.
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1. Syllabus for FA 2
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10th Class Formative Assessment: 2 Syllabus
1) Acids, Bases and Salts – Unit: 4
2) Reflection of Light at Plane Surfaces – Unit: 5
Students should read thoroughly Acids, Bases and Salts (Unit: 4) and Reflection of Light at
Plane mirrors (Unit: 5). They must read the complete lesson and try to understand deeply, the
concepts in each lesson. They observe the figures given in the text book and ask himself some
questions about figures for easy answering CCE model questions.
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2. Lab Activities for10 marks
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In Formative Assessment Lab Activity is an important tool. Student should participate in lab
activity to perform activities which are mentioned in the text book under the title of Lab Activity.
Teacher should access student in Participate in Lab Activities (Experiments) and Lab Record.
Teacher should observe students when they are working individually, in groups, how they select and
arrange apparatus, observations and recordings. Student should write their lab record. Lab record is
200 pages notebook and is helpful for the student to observe how they did the experiment. 6 marks
are awarded for this lab record and 4 marks for performance.
Items in Lab Record:
Aim : It explains why we perform the experiment.
Apparatus : Here we should mention required apparatus and materials, chemicals.
Precautions : We should mentioned the precautions that must fallow while performing
experiment.
Procedures : Here we should write the process.
Reporting : We should report our observations in the form of table, flowchart etc.
Result analysis: Analyze the above data.
Generalization: We come to certain conclusion based on the experiments.
EXPT 1: CLASSIFY THE LIQUIDS AS ACIDS, BASES AND NEUTRAL SOLUTIONS.
Aim: Identify the liquids as acids, bases and neutral solutions.
Apparatus/chemicals: Watch glasses -5, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Acetic acid(CH3COOH), Sodium
hydroxide (NaOH), Magnesium hydroxide [Mg (OH)2], Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), water (H2O),
blue litmus papers, red litmus papers, phenolphthalein and Methyl orange.
Procedure:
1) Clean the watch glasses very well to ensure that solutions do not become contaminated.
2) Take four watch glasses and put one drop of the first solution in each one of them and test the
solution as follows.
a) Dip the blue litmus paper in the first watch glass.
b) Dip the red litmus in the second watch glass.
c) Add a drop of methyl orange to the third watch glass. and
d) Add a drop of phenolphthalein to the fourth watch glass.
3) Observe the respective colour changes and note down in the table.
4) Do the same with all the solutions and note the colour changes in the table.
Observations:
Colour of
Sample Colour of Colour of Colour of
Sl. No. methyl Result
Solution Blue litmus Red litmus phenolphthalein
orange
1 HCl red Red clear red Acid
2 CH3COOH red Red clear red Acid
3 NaOH blue Blue pink yellow Base
4 Mg (OH)2 blue Blue pink yellow Base
5 NaHCO3 blue Blue pink yellow Base
6 H2O blue Red clear orange Neutral
Result analysis:
1. Blue litmus paper turns red when dipped in an acid solution.
2. Red litmus paper turns blue when dipped in a basic solution.
3. In a neutral solution each paper retains its original color.
4. Phenolphthalein indicator solution turns pink color in a basic solution but remains colorless in
an acidic or neutral solution.
5. Methyl orange indicator solution turns yellow color in a basic solution, turns red colour in an
acidic orange colour in neutral solution.
Generalization: An indicator is a chemical compound, either on a test paper or in a solution that
changes color depending on the acidity or basicity of a solution and, thus, is used to test for the
presence of acids or bases.
Precautions: All of the acids and bases used in this lab are very corrosive to eyes, skin, and other
body tissues. They are toxic by ingestion. Avoid all body tissue contact. Acetic acid, hydrochloric acid
and ammonium hydroxide are also toxic by inhalation. Avoid breathing the vapors. Wear chemical
splash goggles and wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before leaving the laboratory.
EXPERIMENT 2: IDENTIFY THE ACID AND BASE BY OLFACTORY INDICATORS.
Aim: Identify the acid and base by olfactory indicators.
Apparatus/chemicals:, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), Onion, Vanilla, Clove
oil, clean cloths, plastic bag, two test tubes, glass rod.
Procedure:
1) Put some finely chopped onions in a plastic bag along with some clean cloth.
2) Tie up the bag tightly and keep it overnight in fridge.
3) The cloth strips can now be used to test for acid or base.
4) Check the odour of the cloth strips. The cloth is in onion odour. Keep tow strips on a clean
surface and put a few drops of dilute HCl on one strip and few drops of dilute NaOH on the other.
5) Rinse both the strips separately with distilled water and again check their odour and note the
observations.
6) Take some dilute HCl in one test tube and dilute NaOH in another test tube.
7) Add a drop of dilute vanilla essence to both test tubes and stir well with glass rod. Check the
odour and record the observations.
8) Test the change of odour with clove oil using dilute HCl and dilute NaOH and record the
observations.
Onion Clove oil Vanilla essence
Observations:
Sl. NO Indicator HCl NaOH
1 Onion Does not change odour Losses its smell
2 Vanilla Smell doesn’t vanishes Smell vanishes
3 Clove oil Smell does not change Smell cannot be detected
Result Analysis:
1) Onions, Vanilla and Clove oil contain some types of acids. When the acids react with bases they
neutralized. So the smell vanishes in the presence of base.
Generalization: An Olfactory indicator is defined as a substance whose smell varies when it is mixed
with an acidic or basic solution. Such substances can be used in the laboratory to test whether a
solution is a base or an acid, and this process is called olfactory titration.
Precautions: Avoid breathing the vapors of HCl and NaOH. Wear chemical splash goggles and wash
hands thoroughly with soap and water before leaving the laboratory.
EXPERIMENT 3: REACTION OF ACIDS WITH METALS.

Aim: To show the reaction of acids with metals.
Material required: test tube, delivery tube, glass trough, candle, soap water, dil. HCl, and zinc
granules.
Procedure:
1) Arrange the apparatus as shown in the figure.
2) Take about 10 ml of dilute HCl in a test tube and add a few
zinc granules to it.
3) We can see the gas bubbles coming out from the solution.
4) Pass the gas being evolved through the soap water.
5) Bring a burning candle near the gas filled bubble.
Observations:
1) The gas evolved burns with a pop sound indicating Hydrogen
(H2).
Chemical equation:
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen
2 HCl (Aq) + Zn (S) → ZnCl2 (Aq) + H2 (g)
Result: From the experiment we can conclude that H2 gas is evolved when acid reacts with metal.
Precautions: Avoid breathing the vapors of HCl. The reaction is an exothermic reaction – heat will be
given off by this reaction. So we don’t touch the test tube after reaction. Take care of the testing of
hydrogen by burning candle.
EXPERIMENT 4: TESTING SUBSTANCES BY pH PAPER.
Aim: Testing pH of the substances by pH paper.
Material required: Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), Hydrochloric acid
(HCl), Vinegar (CH3COOH), Baking soda, lemon juice, window
cleaner, Drano (drain cleaner), detergent, empty tablet foil pack
and pH papers.
Procedure:
1) Take an empty tablet foil pack and clean it with water.
2) Take some samples of chemicals like NaOH, HCl, vinegar,
baking soda, lemon juice, window cleaner; drain cleaner and
8 sample solutions
detergent in the empty spaces of the tablets in the foil.
3) Take the pH papers and test the solutions with the papers.
4) Check the changing colour of the pH paper with the colour
chart.
5) Note the pH values of the chemicals in the table.
Observations:
Colour of the
Sl. pH Acid/
Solution ph paper after
No value base Testing of HCl with pH paper
testing
1 Sodium Hydroxide Navy blue 12 Base
2 Hydrochloric Acid Red 1 Acid
3 Vinegar Orange 3 Acid
4 Baking soda Green 8 Base
5 Lemon juice Orange 3.5 Acid
6 Window cleaner Light green 7.5 Basic
Identifying the pH value with chart
7 Drain cleaner Drano 12 Basic
8 Detergent Blue 9.5 Basic
Result: We can find the pH values of the solutions with the help
of ph colour chart.
Precautions: The empty tablet foil pack must be clean and dry.
Take care of the chemicals do not mix to each other.
PH paper chart
EXPERIMENT 5: ACIDS PRODUCE HYDROGEN IONS IN SOLUTIONS.

Aim: Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) in solutions:
Material required: Beaker, AC plug, bulb, graphite rods,
glucose, alcohol, Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid.
Procedure:
1) Prepare solutions of glucose, alcohol, Hydrochloric acid
and sulphuric acid.
2) Connect two different coloured electrical wires to graphite
rods separately in a 100 ml beaker as shown in figure.
3) Connect free ends of the wire to 230 volts AC plug and
complete the circuit as shown in the figure by connecting
a bulb to one of the wires.
4) Now pour some dilute HCl in the beaker and switch on
the current.
5) Repeat activity with dilute sulphuric acid and glucose and
alcohol solutions separately.
Observations:
1) We will notice that the bulb glows only in acidic solutions.
2) Glowing bulb indicates that there is flow of electric current through the solution.
Analysis:
1) The positive ion (cation) presenting in HCl solution is H+. This suggests that acid produce
hydrogen ions H+ in solution, which are responsible for their acidic properties.
2) In glucose and alcohol solution the bulb did not glow indicating the absence of H+ ions in these
solutions.
Result:
1) The acidity of acids is attributed to the H+ ions produced by them in solutions.
Precautions:
(1) Take care of AC current while doing the experiment. (2) Clean the beaker neatly in each case of
experiment with different solutions. (3) Take care with acids while doing the experiment.
EXPERIMENT 6: RELATION BETWEEN ANGLE OF INCIDENCE AND ANGLE OF REFRACTION.
Aim: Obtaining a relation between angle of incidence and angle of refraction.
Materials required: A plank, white chart, protractor, scale, small black painted plank, a semi
circular glass disc of thickness nearly 2 cm, pencil and laser light.
Procedure:
Take wooden plank which is covered with white chart.
Draw two perpendicular lines, passing through the middle of the
paper as shown in the figure. Let the point of intersection be O.
Mark one line as NN which is normal to the other line marked as
MM. Here MM represents the line drawn along the interface of two
media and NN represents the normal drawn to this line at ‘O’.
Take a protractor and place it along NN in such way that its
center coincides with “O” as shown in the figure. Repeat the same
on the other side of the line NN. The angles should be indicated on
the curved line.
Now place a semi-circular glass disc so that its diameter
coincides with the interface line (MM) and its center coincides with
the point “O”. Point a laser light along NN in such a way that the
light propagates from air to glass through the interface at point O
and observe the path of laser light coming from other side of disc
as shown in figure.
Send Laser light along a line which makes 150 (angle of incidence) with NN and see that passes though
point O. Measure its corresponding angle of refraction, by observing laser light coming from the other
side of the glass slab. Note these values in table. Do the same for the angles of incidence such as 20 0,
300, 400, 500 and 600 and note the corresponding angle of refraction.
Observations:
Angle of Angle of
Sl. No Sin i Sin r Sin i/sin r
incidence (i) refraction (r)
1 150 11.2 0.2588 0.1942 1.33

2 200 14.9 0.3420 0.2571 1.33
3 300 22.1 0.5000 0.3762 1.329
4 400 28.9 0.6427 0.4832 1.33
5 500 35.2 0.7660 0.5764 1.328
6 600 40.6 0.8660 0.6507 1.33

Conclusion:
From the above table we will get the ratio sin i/sin r is a constant. This is Snell’s law.
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3. Project works 10 marks
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In Formative Assessment project work is another tool which contains 10 marks. There are
different types of projects in every lesson under the academic standards information skills and
projects. So teachers select any type of project from improve your learning or from content. Based on
the resources teachers has a choice to select any other topics which is related to content. Projects are
different types. Based on members, project nature and procedure. (By interview, by collecting
information, by observing nature)
Steps in Project: 6. Conclusion: Write what you know from this
1. Name of the project: Write the name of the project.
project which you select to do. 7. Resources: From where you get the relevant
2. Objectives: Write what you learnt after material.
completion of the project. 8. Thanks giving: Give thanks for supporters.
3. Tool: Required materials are written in this Project Assessment:
field. Preparation, conducting project - 3 marks
4. Procedures: Write step by step procedure. Project report - 5 marks
5. Table: Draw a table if the project has. Discussion on project - 2 marks
______________________________________________________________________
Project Work 1: COLLECT INFORMATION AND PREPARE A REPORT ON ACID BASE
INDICATORS
Title of the Project: Acid and base indicators indicators from internet. We tested the various
Purpose of the project: To test the acids and solutions whether it is base or acid in our school
bases with indicators in our daily life. laboratory. We collected the natural indicators
Hypothesis: Indicators are substances whose which we use in our daily life. We tested the
solutions change colour due to changes in pH. acid and base with the help of the natural
These are called acid-base indicators. They are indicators.
usually weak acids or bases, but their conjugate Introduction: we used many substances in our
base or acid forms have different colours due to daily life. With the help of some substances we
differences in their absorption spectra. will test the nature of acids and bases. The
Tools: observation and experimentation. natural and synthetic indicators are very useful
Materials: lemon juice, orange juice, vinegar, to detect the nature of the acid and base.
curd, salt, baking soda, grape juice, hibiscus Process: We collected some substances and
flower, turmeric water, Hydrochloric acid, detect them as acids or bases with the help of
Sodium Hydroxide, soap water, baking powder “taste test”. We collect information about the
and tomato juice. properties of acids and bases from internet and
Procedure: text book. With the help of natural indicators
We collect information about acid-base we classified the substances as acids and bases.
We detect acids and bases of some substances
Name of the base Sources
in our laboratory with the help of indicators.
Calcium Hydroxide Lime water
Window
Ammonium hydroxide
cleaner
Sodium Hydroxide/
Soap
Potassium Hydroxide
Milk of
Magnesium Hydroxide
magnesia
Lemon curd baking soda
1) Detect Acids and Bases by their taste:

We collected some substances like lemon juice,
orange juice, vinegar, curd, salt, baking soda
and grape juice. By the taste of the substance
Formic acid tartaric acid NaOH
we tabulated the data and observe whether it is
in ant in tamarind in soap
acid or base.
taste 3) Indicators:
substance Nature Indicators are substances whose solutions
(sour/bitter/others)
Lemon juice sour Acid change colour due to changes in pH. These are
called acid-base indicators. They are usually
Orange juice sour Acid weak acids or bases, but their conjugate base or
vinegar sour Acid acid forms have different colours due to
differences in their absorption spectra.
curd sour Acid
salt others salt  Natural indicators:
There are many natural materials like litmus,
Baking soda bitter Base extract of red cabbage, turmeric solution and
Observation: extracts of coloured petals of some flowers
 The taste of curd, lemon juice, orange juice contain dye molecules which are weak acids
or bases. These can be used as acid base
and vinegar is sour. These substances are
indicators to detect the nature of the solution
acids. for acidity or basicity
 The taste of baking soda is bitter. It has
basic property.
 Salt is neither sour not bitter. So it is
neither an acid nor a base. It is neutral.
Result: The taste of acid is sour and the base is
bitter.
2) Detect the acids and bases in some
Litmus paper red cabbage china rose
substances:
With the help of our teachers and internet we  Synthetic indicators:
collect data about the sources of acids and There are some synthetic indicators such as
bases in substances which we are used in our methyl orange and phenolphthalein that can
daily life. be used to test for acids and bases.
Name of the acid sources
Acetic acid Vinegar
Formic acid ants
Citric acid Orange or lemon
Lactic acid Curd
Methyl orange changes phenolphthalein
Oxalic Acid Spinach the base as yellow changes the base
and acid as red as pink and in acid
Tartaric Acid Tamarind, grapes doesn’t change
4) Detect the nature of the substances with bases. Chin rose solution converts acids to red
the indicators : colour. We surprised the changes of colours in
We collected some substances like hydrochloric acids and basis when adding indicators.
acid, sodium hydroxide, soap solution, baking Precautions:
powder, lemon juice, tomato juice and vinegar.  We will take care with concentration acids.
With the help of indicators like China rose  We don’t taste some solutions in our
solution indicator, turmeric solution, blue laboratory to detect acids and bases.
litmus, red litmus and methyl orange, we detect
the acidity and basicity of the solutions. Conclusion:
In this project we understand the acid base
indicators in our daily life. We observed the
China rose
Turmeric
indicator
indicator
blue/red
solution
Litmus
Methyl
orange
solution nature of acid and base by taste. We detected
the acidity and basicity of some substances in
our laboratory with some indicators. In these
Does
experiments our teachers guided us. We
Hydrochl Blue to understand the natural and synthetic indicators
red not red
oric acid red in our daily life.
change
Sodium References: Internet, Britannica encyclopedia,
Red to
Hydroxid green Red yellow physical science text books, laboratory
blue
e
Soap Red to
PROJECT REPORT
green Red yellow Title of the project : Acid and base indicators
solution blue
Class : 10th
Baking Red to Subject : Chemistry
green Red yellow
powder blue School : Z.P.H.School, Thogaram,
Does Amadalavalasa mandal
Lemon Blue to
red not red Time frame : 5 days
juice red
change Tools/references : internet, science
Does magazines, text book, some substances and
Tomato Blue to chemicals.
red not red
juice red
change
Details of procedure: We collect information
Does
Blue to about acid base indication from internet. We
Vinegar red not red
red tested the various solutions whether it is base or
change
acid in our school laboratory. We collected the
Does Does Does Does natural indicators which we use in our daily life.
sucrose not not not not We tested the acid and base with the help of the
change change change change natural indicators.
Observations: Observations:
 China rose solution changes the acids as red  The taste of acid is sour and the base is
and bases as green. bitter.
 Turmeric solution changes the acids as red.  China rose solution changes the acids as red
it does not change the alkali solutions. and bases as green.
 Acids change the blue litmus as red and  Turmeric solution changes the acids as red.
bases changes red litmus as blue. it does not change the alkali solutions.
 Methyl orange changes the acids red. It  Acids change the blue litmus as red and
changes the base as yellow. bases changes red litmus as blue.
Interpretation of the student:  Methyl orange changes the acids red. It
We detected the various solutions as acids and changes the base as yellow.
Project outcome: Names of the group members and work
In this project we understand the acid base allotment:
Name of the
indicators in our daily life. We observed the
Sl. No. group Work allotment
nature of acid and base by taste. We detected member
the acidity and basicity of some substances in 1
our laboratory with some indicators. In these 2
3
experiments our teachers guided us. We 4
understand the natural and synthetic indicators 5
in our daily life. Date of submission: signatures
PROJECT PICTURES
Project Work 2: MAKE AN INDICATOR USING HIBISCUS PETALS.
Title of the Project: Make an indicator using 4) Crush the petals using an appropriate
hibiscus petals. implement, such as a mortar and pestle.
Purpose of the project: To make an indicator Crush until all of the liquid has been
with natural resources to test acid and bases.
extracted from the petals.
Hypothesis: Indicators are substances whose
solutions change colour due to changes in pH.
These are called acid-base indicators. Some
petals of the flowers contain dye molecules
which are weak acids and bases. These can be
used as acid-base indicators.
Materials: hibiscus flowers, container, surgical
spirit, mortar, pestle, hydrochloric acid, sodium
5) Filter the solution, and you have the reddish
hydroxide.
Procedure: indicator ready.
1) Cut approximately 10 mature hibiscus
flowers.
6) Take hydrochloric acid in a beaker and add

the hibiscus indicator. it turns in to
highlighted red colour.
2) Remove the stigma, and detach the leaves,
so as to have only the red petals remaining.
7) Take Sodium hydroxide in a beaker and add

3) Put them in a container, and pour the hibiscus indicator. It turns in to dark
approximately 6ml of ethanol or surgical green (almost black) colour.
spirit; the latter works best.
Learning outcome: we prepare the natural acid as red colour and base as green colour.
indicator with hibiscus flowers to know the c. Conclusion: After completion of this project
acidity and basicity of the solutions. we conclude that indicators are substances
Precautions: Take care with hydrochloric acid whose solutions change colour due to
while doing the testing of acidic property. changes in pH. Some petals of the flowers
Interpretation of the student: After contain dye molecules which are weak acids
completion of the project we know the acidic and bases. These can be used as acid-base
and basic properties of the solutions with the indicators.
help of indicators. Experiences of the student: While doing the
Conclusion: After completion of this project we experiment we tested the various solutions
conclude that indicators are substances whose which we used in our daily life. we categorized
solutions change colour due to changes in pH. the solutions as acids and bases. this is very
These are called acid-base indicators. Some interesting experiment.
petals of the flowers contain dye molecules Doubts/Questions:
which are weak acids and bases. These can be  Why the colour of the solutions changed
used as acid-base indicators. while we add the indicator?
 All the petals of the flowers act like
PROJECT REPORT
indicators?
Title of the project: Make an indicator using
Acknowledgement:
hibiscus petals.
1. Our science teachers.
Objectives of the project: To make an
2. http://www.wikihow.com/Make-an-
indicator with natural resources to test acid
indicator-Using-Hibiscus-Petals.
and bases.
Learning outcome: we prepare the natural
Tools: Experimentation.
indicator with hibiscus flowers to know the
Material/Sources required: hibiscus flowers,
container, surgical spirit, mortar, pestle, acidic and basic property of the solutions.
hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide. Names of the group members and work
Procedure: allotment:
Name of the
a. Process: Take the petals of the hibiscus Sl.no. group Work allotment
flower and add some spirit. crust the petals member
1
and filter it. The hibiscus solution is ready. 2
we use the indicator to know the acidic and 3
4
basic properties of solutions. 5
b. Analysis: The hibiscus solution turns the Date of submission: signatures
Dear student,
Try to make various indicators with red cabbage water, red onion water, turmeric
water, carrot juice, beet root juice, grape juice etc., with the help of the above model project.
Prepare Olfactory indicators with chopped onion, clove oil and vanilla essence and write the
project report as above.
Yours,
K.V.R & G.V.R
PROJECT PICTURES
Project Work 3: COMMON ACIDS AND BASES USED IN OUR DAILY LIFE
Title of the Project: Collect information of Uses of bases
common acids and bases used in our daily life. Base Use of base
Purpose of the project: To understand the
acids and bases which we used in our daily life. Production of fertilisers
(ammonium and nitrate
Hypothesis: We use many substances in our
salts), used in the
kitchen. We use many solutions in various manufacture of nitric
situations in our daily life. In those some are acid, neutralise the acid
Ammonia
neutral solutions. Some solutions are either (in the petroleum
acidic or basic. industry) and prevent
Materials: Vinegar, soft drink, lemon juice, premature coagulation
baking soda, tamarind juice, detergents etc., in natural / synthetic
latex.
Procedure: We collect the data of uses of acids
Manufacture other
and bases in internet. Aluminium aluminium compound
Introduction: hydroxide and to make gastric
Acids and bases are very useful in our daily medicine (antacid)
lives. Let’s start with acids. Without acids, we To make cement,
won’t have Vitamin C (ascorbic acid); your car limewater, neutralise
Calcium
the acidity of soil and
won’t start (sulphuric acid in car batteries) or hydroxide
application of sewage
even accelerated rotting of your food (food treatment.
preservative in the form of citric acid). Similarly, Used in the
imagine a world without bases. Without bases, manufacturing of
Sodium hydroxide
stubborn stains on your clothing won’t come off soaps, detergents, and
(sodium hypochlorite in bleach), you’ll have cleaners.
dirty mirrors (ammonium hydroxide used in Suspension of
glass cleaners) and even having bowel problems magnesium hydroxide
in water is used as an
as laxatives can be made from magnesium
antacid, used as an
hydroxide. Magnesium
antiperspirant armpit
Uses of Acids: hydroxide
deodorant and as a
Acid Use of the acid non-hazardous alkali to
neutralise acidic
Its salt are used to preserve wastewater.
Benzoic acid
food
Carbonic Some Common Acids and Bases
To make carbonated drinks
acid
Ethanoic A main compound of The tables below list a few well-known acids
acid vinegar and bases, along with their formulas and a few
To clean metals before applications
electroplating / household Common Acids
Hydrochloric
cleaning / leather  Acetic acid (CH3 COOH) : vinegar, acetate
acid
processing / swimming pool
 Acetylsalicylic acid (HOOCC6 H4 OOCCH3 )
maintenance
: aspirin
Production of fertilisers,
explosives, etching and
 Ascorbic acid (H2 C6 H6 O6 ): vitamin C
Nitric acid dissolution of metals
 Carbonic acid (H2 CO3 ): soft drinks,
(purification and extraction
Seltzer water
of gold)
 Citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 ): citrus fruits,
Sulphuric To make detergent, polymer
artificial flavorings
acid and fertilisers.
Manufacturing of soft
drinks, provide tartness to  Hydrochloric acid (HCl): stomach acid
Tartaric acid food, as an emetic (a  Nitric acid (HNO3 ): fertilizer, explosives
substance to induce  Sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ): car batteries
vomiting)
vinegar soft drinks
Glass cleaner
Citrus fruits car batteries
Common Bases
 Aluminum hydroxide (Al[OH]3 ): antacids,
deodorants
 Ammonium hydroxide (NH4 OH): glass Antacids
cleaner
 Calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2 ): caustic lime,
mortar, plaster
 Magnesium hydroxide (Mg[OH]2 ): laxatives,
antacids
 Sodium bicarbonate/sodium hydrogen
carbonate (NaHCO3 ): baking soda
 Sodium carbonate (Na2 CO3 ): dish detergent
 Sodium hydroxide (NaOH): lye, oven and
drain cleaner Baking soda
 Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO): bleach
Deodorant Drain cleaner Bleach
Learning outcome: We use many solutions in classify the acidic and basic property. we
our daily life. The solutions have acidic, basic collect information about some acidic and
and neutral property. basic properties of chemicals from internet.
Precautions: Take care with substances which We collect pictures from internet.
have acidic or basic property while using. Don’t b. Analysis: We use many acidic substances
use tiles cleaning acid directly with our hands while cooking and foot items. We use some
while using in our bath rooms. basic substances while cleaning the cloths,
Interpretation of the student: After drains and windows.
completion of the collection of data about acic c. Conclusion: After completion of this project
and basic substances we know that which is we conclude that Acids and bases are very
acidic or basic. By this information we take useful in our daily lives.
care while using the substances. d. Experiences of the student: While doing the
Conclusion: After completion of this project project we tested the substance by litmus
we conclude that many substances which we paper. We use internet to collect other
use in our daily life have either acidic or basic information.
property. In our kitchen we use many acids and Acknowledgement:
bases in cooking. 1. Our science teachers.

2. Internet articles.
PROJECT REPORT Learning outcome: We use many solutions in
Title of the project: Collect information of
our daily life. The solutions have acidic, basic
common acids and bases used in our daily life.
and neutral property.
Objectives of the project: To understand the
Names of the group members and work
acids and bases which we used in our daily life allotment:
Name of the
Tools: Data collection in internet.
Sl.no. group Work allotment
Material/Sources required: Vinegar, soft member
drink, lemon juice, baking soda, tamarind juice, 1
2
detergents etc., and internet.
3
Procedure: 4
a. Process: We collect information about the 5
substances which we use in our kitchen. We Date of submission : signatures
test the substances with litmus paper to
PROJECT PICTURES
Project Work 4: IMPORTANCE OF pH IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Title of the Project: Importance of pH in nature, antacid react with excess acid in the
everyday life. stomach and neutralises it. The two common
Purpose of the project: To know the role of pH antacids are Milk of Magnesia (Magnesium
in our daily life. Hydroxide) and Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking
Hypothesis: pH plays a important role in our soda)
daily life
Materials: 10th class Physical science text book,
internet
Proceedure:
pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion
concentration of a solution. Solutions with a
high concentration of hydrogen ions have a low
pH and solutions with low concentrations of H+
ions have a high pH. The equation that defines
pH is given as follows:
pH= -log [H+] Gastric juice produced in stomach
The pH of neutral solutions is 7. Values less
than 7 in the pH scale represent an acidic
solution. pH value of a solution above ‘7’
represents the basic solution.
Antacid tablets to reduce acidity
2) pH change as the cause of tooth decay

When we eat food containing sugar, then the
Importance of pH in everyday life: bacteria present in our mouth break down the
1) In our digestive system: sugar to form acids.This acid lowers the pH in
Our stomach produces hydrochloric acid. This the mouth.Tooth decay starts when the pH of
dilute hydrochloric acid helps in digesting our acid formed in the mouth falls below 5.5.This is
food without harming the stomach. because then the acid becomes strong enough
Sometimes excess of acid is produced in the to attack the enamel of our teeth and corrode
stomach. The excess acid in the stomach it.This sets in tooth decay.The best way to
causes indigestion which produces pain and prevent tooth decay is to clean the mouth
irritation. In order to cure indigestion, we can thoroughly after eating food.
take bases called antacids. Being basic in
4) Some animals and plants contain acids:
Honey bee injects an acid through its stings
which causes pain and irritation. Hence, a mild
base like baking soda is applied to treat the
wound. Similarly, nettle leaves, which have
stinging hairs, when touched inject formic acid
Tooth decay in our body. This causes a burning pain. As
remedy, the affected area is rubbed with the
dock plant. The dock plant is alkaline which
neutralizes the effect of acid.
Clean the mouth thoroughly after eating food

3) Plants and animals are sensitive to pH
change
Soil pH and plant growth: Most of the plants Honey bee injects acid
grow best when the pH of the soil is close to
7.If the soil is too acidic or basic, the plants
grow badly or do not grow at all. The soil pH
is also affected by the use of chemical
fertilisers in the field. Chemicals can be added
to soil to adjust its pH and make it suitable
for growing plants.
If the soil is too acidic then it is treated
with materials like quicklime or slaked lime. If
the soil is too alkaline then alkalinity can be
reduced by adding decaying organic matter. Nettle plant injects formic acid
Spreading of lime powder in fields to reduce Dock plant has alkaline property
acidic property of the soil
5) The brilliance of a tarnished copper PROJECT REPORT
vessel can be restored by using acid: Title of the project: Importance of pH in
Lemon juice contains an acid. In order to clean everyday life.
a copper vessel, we rub it with the piece of Objectives of the project: To know the role of
lemon. The tarnish on the vessel is caused by pH in our daily life.
the formation of a layer of basic copper oxide. Tools: Data collection in internet.
Since lemon juice contains citric acid, it reacts Material/Sources required: Internet, text
books
with the copper oxide to form copper citrate and
Procedure:
is washed away. The vessel then regains its a. Process: We collect information about the
shining appearance. applications of pH in our daily life from text
books, internet articles and daily life
situations. We collect pictures from internet.
We know that how to reduce tooth decay,
how to reduce the acidic property of soil,
how to control the pain of stinging of honey
bee and nettle plant.
b. Analysis: We use alkaline solution like
baking powder to relief the pain of stinging
honey bee. we use dock plant to relief the pain
Learning outcome: We know the properties of of stinging nettle plant. We use antacid tablets
acids. We know the applications of acids in our to relief from acidity.
c. Conclusion: After completion of this project
daily life. we know the how to neutralise the
we conclude that the role of ph in our daily
acidic property in different methods. life. We know that how to increase and
Precautions: decrease the pH in various methods.
1) Clean the mouth thoroughly after eating the d. Experiences of the student: While doing the
experiment we use baking powder on the
food. affected area to relief from the pain by
2) If Honey bee injects acid in our body, we use stinging of ants.
any basic solution to neutralise. Acknowledgement:
Interpretation of the student: After
completion of the collection of data about the Learning outcome: We know the properties of
applications of pH we understand the role of acids. We know the applications of acids in our
daily life. We know the how to neutralise the
pH in our daily life. We know how to acidic property in different methods.
neutralise the acidic property in different Names of the group members and work
allotment:
methods. Name of the
Conclusion: After completion of this project Sl.no. group Work allotment
member
we conclude that Most of the plants grow best 1
when the pH of the soil is close to 7.If the soil is 2
3
too acidic or basic; the plants grow badly or do 4
not grow at all. We know the different methods 5
to neutralise the acidic property in our daily life
Date of submission: signatures
situations.
PROJECT PICTURES
PROJECT WORK 5: USES OF PLASTER OF PARIS
Title of the Project: Uses of plaster of paris
Purpose of the project: To know the uses of
plaster of paris in our daily life.
Hypothesis: Plaster Paris is known as calcium
sulphate hemi hydrate. When it mixing with
water, it sets into hard solid mass due to the
formation of gypsum.
Science magazines, internet articles.
Proceedure:
2) ART: Plaster sets quickly and hence it
Preparation:
becomes an ideal choice for sculptors. Many
1) Plaster of paris is also called as calcium
great European Frescoes and Murals are a
sulphate hemi hydrate.
work of Plaster of Paris. Michelangelo’s
2) It is manufactured from Gypsum (CaSO4.
Sistine Chapel ceiling is a work of Plaster of
2H2O)
Paris.
3) Large deposits of gypsum (CaSO4. 2H2O) at
373 K losses water molecules partially and
produce a king of plaster paris (CaSO4.
½H2O)
Uses of plaster of paris:
1) Architecture: Plaster may also be used to
create complex detailing for use in room
interiors. In modern days this material is
also used for False Ceiling. In this, the
powder form is converted in a sheet form
and the sheet is then attached to the basic
ceiling with the help of fasteners. It is done
in various designs containing various
combinations of lights and colors. The
common use of this plaster can be seen in
the construction of houses.
3) Medicine: Plaster is widely used as a field of medicine for orthopedics. It is used to
support for broken bones; a bandage create ceilings of buildings.
impregnated with plaster is moistened and
then wrapped around the damaged limb,
setting into a close-fitting yet easily removed PROJECT REPORT
tube, known as an orthopedic cast. Plaster Title of the project: Uses of Plaster of Paris.
is also used in preparation Objectives of the project: To know the uses of
for radiotherapy when fabricating plaster of paris.
individualized immobilization shells for Tools: Data collection in internet.
patients. Material/Sources required: Internet, text

books
Class: X
Subject: Physical Science
School:
Time frame: 5 days.
Details of the procedure followed: We collect
the information about the uses of plaster of
paris from various books and internet.
Findings & Observations: We know about the
uses of plaster of paris in our daily life.
4) Fire protection: Plasters have been in use Experiences faced: This concept is so exciting
to do this project. We are enjoying to done this
in passive fire protection,
project work.
as fireproofing products, for many decades. Project Outcome: We know the uses of plaster
POP releases heat when it sets, this in turn of paris in various fields.
releases vapor. This property makes it good Conclusion: Plaster of paris used in making
for insulation. It can retard fire for an hour toys and decoration. It is also used in the
or two. It prevents heat flow and protects field of medicine for orthopedics. It is used to
steel and other structural elements from create ceilings of buildings.
collapsing in a fire. Acknowledgement:
5) 3D painting: “Powder bed and inkjet head
3D printing” is commonly based on the Names of the group members and work
allotment:
reaction of gypsum plaster with water, Name of the
where the water is selectively applied by the Sl.no. group Work allotment
member
inkjet head.
1
Learning outcome: We know the uses of 2
3
plaster of paris in various fields.
4
Precautions: 5
1) Don’t touch the plaster of paris while mixed
with water. It is exothermic reaction. Date of submission: signatures
Conclusion: Plaster of paris used in making

toys and decoration. It is also used in the
PROJECT PICTURES
PROJECT 6: HAZARDS OF PLASTER OF PARIS
Title of the Project: Hazards of plaster of soft tissue injury, which required several plastic
paris surgery procedures for coverage
Purpose of the project: To know the Hazards
of plaster of paris in our daily life.
Hypothesis: Plaster Paris is known as calcium
sulphate hemi hydrate. When it mixing with
water, it sets into hard solid mass due to the
formation of gypsum.
Proceedure:
Preparation: Trapping: When plaster of Paris is mixed with
1) Plaster of paris is also called as calcium water, the material hardens and expands
sulphate hemi hydrate. slightly. This can trap, for example, hands
2) It is manufactured from Gypsum (CaSO4. which then suffer burns as the temperature
2H2O) slowly rises. Physical damage may also result
3) Large deposits of gypsum (CaSO4. 2H2O) at from attempts to remove the hardening plaster
373 K losses water molecules partially and using chisels, hammers, saws, etc. Trapping is
produce a king of plaster paris (CaSO4. possible only if the hand or other part of the
½H2O) body is surrounded by the plaster/water mix as
4) Plaster of Paris is used in the fields of it starts to harden.
Architecture, art, Medicine and 3D painting. User injury: When mixing plaster, using
Hazards of plaster of paris: moulds or clearing away plaster of Paris,
Irritation: A few suppliers classify plaster of particles or fragments can injure the eyes.
Paris as irritating to eyes, respiratory system POP is harmful to the environment:
and skin but most do not. Even so, prolonged There have been efforts to ban sale of plaster of
or repeated direct skin contact may cause Paris (PoP) idols for Ganesh Chaturthi festival
irritation and attempts at removal may cause in the past, but these have proved futile.
abrasion. Studies on the impact of idol immersions
Burns: When plaster of Paris is mixed with carried out in places like Bhopal, Jabalpur and
water, the material slowly becomes hot. The Bengaluru show several significant impacts like
temperature may approach 60 °C after an hour, steep rise in concentration of heavy metals,
with the highest temperatures being reached dissolved solids, and acid content, and a drop
with the largest volumes. Temperatures above in dissolved oxygen.
45 °C can cause skin damage, the extent of
damage depending on the contact time. After 48 hours of immersion in lab condition
the PoP idol does not dissolved and remains as
The combination of the hot water and the heat it was before immersion. The color of the idol
from the plaster's crystallization resulted in this also remains as bright as it was before start of
the test. The clay idols were dissolved Conclusion: Plaster of paris is useful to us.
completely after 48 hours of immersion But it is harmful to the environment. So We
resulting in the increase of solids in the doesn’t use plaster of paris idols in Ganesh
immersion water. It could be assumed that the chaturthi. We use only clay idols in ganesha
PoP idols after immersion in the natural water chaturthi festival.
bodies remain as it is causing problem of PROJECT REPORT
Title of the project: Hazards of Plaster of
sedimentation and slow pollution in the water
Paris.
bodies for long duration of time in comparison
Objectives of the project: To know the
of Clay idols.
hazards of plaster of paris.
The immersion of PoP made idols should
Tools: Data collection in internet.
not be allowed in the natural water bodies since
Material/Sources required: Internet, text
it remains insoluble in water for long time
books
causing problem of sedimentation and slow
Class: X
impact on water body for long duration of time. Subject: Physical Science
School:
Time frame: 5 days.
the information about the hazards of plaster of
paris from various books and internet.
Findings & Observations: We know about the
hazards of plaster of paris in our daily life. It is
very harmful to environment.
Experiences faced: This concept is so exciting
project work.
Project Outcome: We know the hazards of
plaster of paris in various fields.
Conclusion: We know the hazards of plaster of
paris in our daily life. We know the pollution
effects due to plaster of paris idols nimajjanam
in water.
Acknowledgement:
Learning outcome: We know the hazards of allotment:
plaster of paris in our daily life. We know the Name of the
pollution effects due to plaster of paris idols member
nimajjanam in water. 1
2
Precautions:
3
1) Don’t touch the plaster of paris while mixed 4
with water. It is exothermic reaction. It caused 5
Date of submission : signatures
to damage our fingers.
PROJECT 7: COLLECT THE VALUES OF REFRACTIVE INDICES OF SOME MATERIAL
Title of the Project: Collect the values of Project outcome: We collected refractive index
refractive indices of some material. values of some material from 10th class P.S text
Purpose of the project: To know the various book and prepared a report.
refractive indices of some material. PROJECT REPORT
Title of the project: Collect the values of
Hypothesis: The refractive index “n” means
refractive indices of some material.
that the speed of light in that medium is nth
Objectives of the project: To know the various
part of speed of light in vacuum. Refractive
refractive indices of some material.
index depends on the nature of material and
Tools: Data collection in internet and 10th class
wave length of light used.
physical science text book..
Material/Sources required: Internet, text
books
Proceedure: We collect data of refractive
Class: X
indices of various material from 10th Class text Subject: Physical Science
book and internet. School:
Refractive indices of some material media Time frame: 5 days.
the information about the refractive indices
values from 10th class physical science text
book.
Findings & Observations: we know that
optically denser medium may not posses
greater mass density. Ex: optical density of
kerosene is greater than water.
Experiences faced: This concept is so exciting
project work.
Project Outcome: We know the refractive
indices of various material.
Conclusion: We know the values of various
refractive indices of some material. We also
know that the optical density of the material
different from mass density.
Acknowledgement:
allotment:
Name of the
Analysis: We know that an optically denser member
1
medium may not posses greater mass density. 2
for example, kerosene with high recractive 3
4
index is optically denser than water although 5
its mass density is less than water. Date of submission : signatures
PROJECT – 6 : PICTURES
PROJECT – 8 : PICTURES
PROJECT 8: APPLICATIONS OF TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
Title of the Project: Collect the information 2) OPTICAL FIBRES: Total internal reflection is
about the applications of total internal the basic principle behind working of optical
reflection. fibre. An optical fibre is very thin fibre made of
Purpose of the project: To know the glass or plastic having a radius about a
applications of total internal reflection in our micrometer. A bunch of such thin fibres form a
daily life. light pipe.
Hypothesis: When the angle of the incidence is Light going in to the fibre makes a nearly
greater than critical angle, the light ray gets glancing incidence of the wall. The angle of
reflected into the denser medium at the incidence is greater than the critical angle and
interface. This phenomenon is called total hence total internal reflection taken place. The
internal reflection. This is very useful in our light is thus transmitted along the fibre.
daily life situations.
Procedure: We collect data of applications of
total internal reflection in internet.
1) Brilliance of Diamonds: The critical angle of
diamond is very low (24.80). So if a light ray
enters a diamond it is very likely to undergo
total internal reflection which makes the
diamond shine.
3) Optical fibres are used in endoscopy to

see the internal organs of our body.
All organs of the human body are not
accessible to the naked eye of the doctor. The
doctor inserts an optical fiber pipe into the
stomach through the mouth. Light is sent down
through one set of fibres in the pipe. This
illuminates the inside of the stomach. The light
from the inside travels back through another
set of fibres in the pipe and the views gets the 3) Optical fibres are used in transmitting
image at the outer end (generally fed to the communication signals through light pipes.
computer screen).
4) Optical fibres are used in international
telephone cables laid under the sea, in large
computer network etc.,
Bronchoscopy (Lungs)
5) Optical fibres are used in photometric

sensors to measuring blood flow in the heart.
Gastroscopy (stomach)
Photometric sensor
Project outcome:
 The total internal reflection makes the
Endoscopy
diamond shine.
 Light pipes are used in laparoscopy and
endoscopy if medical field.
 Optical fibres are also used in science and
technology.
Reference: 10th class physical science text
book, internet articles, etc.,
Acknowledgements: Our teachers, parents
and friends.
Laparoscopy (Abdomen)
PROJECT REPORT Experiences faced: This concept is so exciting
Title of the project: Collect information about project work.
the applications of Total internal reflection. Project Outcome:
Objectives of the project: To know the  The total internal reflection makes the
applications of total internal reflection in our diamond shine.
daily life.  Light pipes are used in laparoscopy and
Tools: Data collection in internet and 10th class endoscopy if medical field.
physical science text book..  Optical fibres are also used in science and
Material/Sources required: Internet, text technology.
books Conclusion: We know the applications of total
Class: X internal reflection in different fields in our daily
Subject: Physical Science
life.
School:
Acknowledgement:
Time frame: 5 days.
the information about the total internal
reflection and applications of total internal allotment:
reflection from internet and 10th class text Name of the
book. Sl.no. group Work allotment
Findings & Observations: We know the member
applications of total internal reflection in 1
various fields in our daily life. It is used in 2
3
medical field. It is used in science and
4
techlology.
5
Date of submission : signatures
4. Written Works - Note books for 10 marks

For every student writing skill is very important to express what he has understood in his own
words. For these notebooks helps a lot, because of this creativity, writing by thinking on their own they
develop their scientific knowledge. They have to work on writing with their own vocabulary, by using their
experiences of what they learnt. After classroom discussions ask them to write explanation for those words
according to their understanding. It helps to content understanding and after that to write the answers on
their own. Ask them to write answers on their own for the questions under let's improve learning for every
unit.
How to evaluate the written work?
There are 10 marks for written work in constructive evaluation. Written work should not be
the copy from the book but it should be on his/her own. Draw the diagrams wherever necessary. Words,
sentences should be meaningful without mistakes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Slip test for 20 marks
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As a part of constructive evaluation teacher should estimate the student's understanding
after teaching every lesson. Testing the student's understanding at anytime but not in a specified time and
making the students that they are writing an exam is said to be a slip test. It is not like a unit test.
How to conduct the slip test?
Conduct the test without prior declaration after teaching the lesson. 20 marks for slip test. As
part of constructive evaluation at FA times slip should be conducted in any period of 45 minutes duration.
Questions in the slip test should some of the academic standards and they should write answers on their
own. Keep 200 page long notebook for slip tests. Four formative slip tests in an academic year should be
written in this text book only. Basing on the answers, discuss with the children how they are in each
academic standard. This is the key issue in constructive evaluation and compulsory one too. Enroll the slip
tests grades in the register.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT-2
Time: 45 min. PHYSICAL SCIENCES Max Marks: 20
10th Class- CCE Model
Name: …………………………………………. Class : 10 EM Roll No…… School…………………………..…….
I. Answer the following questions. 2X4=8

1) Observe the following figure and answer the questions.
a) What happen when Zinc powder is used instead of Zinc granules?
b) Which gas is liberated in this activity?
c) How can you test the evolved gas?
d) What conclusion you got by this activity?
2) Your friend gave a glass slab to you and asks to find out the
refractive index of the material of the glass slab. How can you find
it? Explain with an activity.
II. Answer the following Short answer type questions. 2X2=4
3) While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid
Solution Refractive index
should be added to water and not water to the acid?
Kerosene 1.44
4) You are given kerosene, turpentine and water. In which of these
does the light travel fastest? Which is more optically denser? Turpentine 1.47
Use the information given in Table? Water 1.33
III. Answer the following Very Short answer type questions. 2X1=2
5) Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper?
6) Can you take a photo of a mirage?
IV. Choose the correct answer of the following. 6X1=6
7) What happens when a solution of an acid is mixed with a solution of a base in a test tube? ( )
(i) The temperature of the solution increases. (ii) Neutralization takes place.
(iii) Salt formation takes place. (iv) Water formation takes place.
(a) Only (i) (b) (i) and (ii) (c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
8) To protect tooth decay we are advised to brush our teeth regularly. The nature of the tooth paste
commonly used as ( )
(a) acidic (b) neutral (c) basic (d) corrosive
9) Match the Chemical substances given in Column I with their appropriate application given in Column II.
( )
Column I Column II
CODES
A. Bleaching Powder 1. Na2CO3.10H2O
A B C D A B C D
B. Baking Soda 2. NaCl
a) 2 1 4 3 b) 3 2 4 1
C. Washing soda 3. CaOCl2
c) 3 4 1 2 d) 2 4 1 3
D. Sodium Chloride 4. NaHCO3
10) The path of a ray of light coming from air passing through a rectangular glass slab traced by four
students are shown as A, B, C and D in the figure. Which of them is correct? ( )
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

11) Which statement of the following is/are correct in the mirage concept? ( )
(i) Mirage is an optical illusion. (ii) We see a mirage as a flowing water.
(iii) The formation of mirage due to the refractive index of a medium varies throughout the medium.
(iv) We can take a photograph of a mirage.
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (iii) and (iv) (c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii).(iii) and (iv)
12) Which is not the Snell’s law? ( )
(a) n1 sin i = n2 sin r (b) v1 sin i = v2 sin r (c) v2 sin i = v1 sin r (d) sin i / sin r = Constant
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About This Book
This book provides you all information for Formative Assessment 1 for Class X. We think
this book helps to all the physical science learners. We request to all the students try to write some
more other Lab Activities and Projects in the FA 1 syllabus.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
About Us
K V RAMANA, G V RAMA PRASAD,

SA, PHYSICAL SCIENCE, PGT, PHYSICAL SCIENCE, CRT,
SRIKAKULAM, SRIKAKULAM,
SRIKAKULAM Dt., SRIKAKULAM Dt.,
8008423323 7799884688
These books are meant for class X students in AP & TS.
In this we have given CCE Notes with full explanations of

questions given in the lesson. They are very useful to
understand clear concept. We also give all type of
examples and applications at related topics so as to learn
crystal clearly about that concept.
We give one Project and one Lab Activity in the given

syllabus, explain a DIY project/experiment for doing the
students at their home to enjoy the learning, include some
CCE Model Questions, CCE Bits that are given previously
in examinations for understanding the question pattern.
Please give your review on this book by SMS/watts app to our numbers. Your
suggestions and advises are important to our development.
ALL THE BEST TO THE STUDENTS
A Complete book of Bit paper analysis of Previous Question Diagram based

Formative Pre-Public paper analysis questions from pre-
Assessment-1 examinations A.P & T.S public exams in A.P
VISIT: www.physicalscience4ever.blogspot.in Prepared by: K. V.RAMANA & G.V.RAMAPRASAD

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10th Class Formative Assessment: 2 Syllabus

1) Acids, Bases and Salts – Unit: 4

2) Reflection of Light at Plane Surfaces – Unit: 5

questions about figures for easy answering CCE model questions.

Items in Lab Record:

Aim : It explains why we perform the experiment.

Apparatus : Here we should mention required apparatus and materials, chemicals.

Procedures : Here we should write the process.

Result analysis: Analyze the above data.

Generalization: We come to certain conclusion based on the experiments.

Onion Clove oil Vanilla essence

EXPERIMENT 3: REACTION OF ACIDS WITH METALS.

EXPERIMENT 5: ACIDS PRODUCE HYDROGEN IONS IN SOLUTIONS.

1 150 11.2 0.2588 0.1942 1.33

6 600 40.6 0.8660 0.6507 1.33

1) Detect Acids and Bases by their taste:

6) Take hydrochloric acid in a beaker and add

7) Take Sodium hydroxide in a beaker and add

Citrus fruits car batteries

Deodorant Drain cleaner Bleach

use in our daily life have either acidic or basic information.

property. In our kitchen we use many acids and Acknowledgement:

bases in cooking. 1. Our science teachers.

test the substances with litmus paper to

Antacid tablets to reduce acidity

2) pH change as the cause of tooth decay

Clean the mouth thoroughly after eating food

Lemon juice contains an acid. In order to clean everyday life.

lemon. The tarnish on the vessel is caused by pH in our daily life.

individualized immobilization shells for Tools: Data collection in internet.

patients. Material/Sources required: Internet, text

Conclusion: Plaster of paris used in making

3) Optical fibres are used in endoscopy to

5) Optical fibres are used in photometric

4. Written Works - Note books for 10 marks

Name: …………………………………………. Class : 10 EM Roll No…… School…………………………..…….

I. Answer the following questions. 2X4=8

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

K V RAMANA, G V RAMA PRASAD,

These books are meant for class X students in AP & TS.

In this we have given CCE Notes with full explanations of

We give one Project and one Lab Activity in the given

A Complete book of Bit paper analysis of Previous Question Diagram based

VISIT: www.physicalscience4ever.blogspot.in Prepared by: K. V.RAMANA & G.V.RAMAPRASAD

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