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    Lanthanum Fluoride Laf3 Ion Selective Electrodes

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    Gerges Samir
    Lanthanum fluoride (LaF3) crystals are commonly used as solid membrane electrodes for fluoride ion-selective probes. The crystals are typically doped with europium to introduce defects that aid ionic conductivity. Lanthanum fluoride electrodes function by establishing equilibrium between fluoride ions in the surface and solution, producing a potential dependent on fluoride concentration. Conditioning the crystal surface with acetic acid/water or fluoride toothpaste can improve performance if potentials are not as expected.

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    Lanthanum Fluoride Laf3 Ion Selective Electrodes

    Uploaded by

    Gerges Samir
    156 views1 page
    Lanthanum fluoride (LaF3) crystals are commonly used as solid membrane electrodes for fluoride ion-selective probes. The crystals are typically doped with europium to introduce defects that aid ionic conductivity. Lanthanum fluoride electrodes function by establishing equilibrium between fluoride ions in the surface and solution, producing a potential dependent on fluoride concentration. Conditioning the crystal surface with acetic acid/water or fluoride toothpaste can improve performance if potentials are not as expected.

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    Ion selective electrode

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    Lanthanum fluoride (LaF3) crystals are commonly used as solid membrane electrodes for fluoride ion-selective probes. The crystals are typically doped with europium to introduce defects that aid ionic conductivity. Lanthanum fluoride electrodes function by establishing equilibrium between fluoride ions in the surface and solution, producing a potential dependent on fluoride concentration. Conditioning the crystal surface with acetic acid/water or fluoride toothpaste can improve performance if potentials are not as expected.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    156 views1 page

    Lanthanum Fluoride Laf3 Ion Selective Electrodes

    Uploaded by

    Gerges Samir
    Lanthanum fluoride (LaF3) crystals are commonly used as solid membrane electrodes for fluoride ion-selective probes. The crystals are typically doped with europium to introduce defects that aid ionic conductivity. Lanthanum fluoride electrodes function by establishing equilibrium between fluoride ions in the surface and solution, producing a potential dependent on fluoride concentration. Conditioning the crystal surface with acetic acid/water or fluoride toothpaste can improve performance if potentials are not as expected.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    GUIDE TO LANTHANUM FLUORIDE

    Lanthanum Fluoride crystal (LaF3) has major use as a solid membrane electrode for manufacture
    into fluoride sensitive (F-1) Ion-Selective probes. Unlike other crystal materials in the Crystran range,
    LaF3 is not normally used for optical applications.

    CRYSTAL: LaF3 crystals are grown as nominal 10mm diameter rods. This is convenient for the ion-selective
    application, as it is very difficult to grow and anneal with larger diameter than this without cracking due to
    differing coefficients of expansion in the crystal orientations. The crystal can be grown pure but is generally
    doped with a nominal 0.3% Europium which gives it a yellow colour and introduces more dislocations and
    vacancies in the crystal lattice which aids the ionic conduction. An instance of a deliberately imperfect crystal!
    The F-1 ions are relatively good conductors as they are much smaller than the La3+ ions and can move short
    distances between defect vacancies in the crystal lattice. Virtually all charge transfer is due to the F-1 ions.
    Lanthanum Fluoride can be doped with Nd3+ and has specialist application as a scintillating material.

    ELECTRODES: Typically the LaF3 element is sealed into a rigid plastic tube with silicone rubber similar to
    the assembly shown. After a settling time of several minutes, equilibrium is set up between the F-1 ions in the
    surface and in the solution resulting in a charge imbalance which is dependent on the activity and concentration
    of the fluoride ions under test.
    The response is given by the Nernst equation:
    E = Eo + slope x log10(ion concentration)
    The slope is theoretically about 59/n mV at 25oC where n = -1 for F-1 ions.
    Eo is a constant which incorporates the reference potentials.
    Practically, for concentrations from about 1ppm the typical potential will be given
    by:
    E(mV) = 0.03 – 0.059 log10(ppm/100)
    Typically, zero fluoride gives a potential >200mV and the slope will be 59±10mV
    Typically 1ppm gives approximately 125mV and 10ppm approximately 60mV
    Crystran Ltd. can only supply the shaped and polished LaF3 crystal membranes and
    do not make these electrodes.

    EXPERIENCE: Sometimes there can be problems in getting expected potentials and performance from LaF3
    electrodes. This is not likely to be a problem in the crystal but probably in the surface polish and preparation, or
    if the surface has become contaminated. It is thought the lanthanum fluoride electrode can have a surface film
    resembling a hydrolyzed surface. Soaking the element in 50% glacial acetic / 50% water will generally condition
    the surface for use. This is not a time critical operation, about 15 minutes should be sufficient. Wiping the LaF3
    tip with a little fluoride toothpaste has been reported to work too.

    REFERENCES:
    Crystal Growth of Fluorides in the Lanthanide Series – D.A.Jones & W.A.Shand, J.Cryst.Growth 2 (1968) 361-368
    Mechanistic Studies on Crystal-Membrane Ion-Selective Electrodes – M.J.D.Brand & G.A.Rechnitz, Anal.Chem 42 No4 April 1970
    Scintillation Properties of Nd3+ doped LaF3 crystals – P.Schotanus et.al., Proc. IEEE symposium Oct. 23-17, 1989

    This represents the best of our understanding at present, and is not intended to be comprehensive. Crystran Ltd cannot be responsible for any problems caused by wrongly
    specified material as a result of using this data sheet. Suitability of material for purpose must always be confirmed at point of ordering.
    Crystran Ltd February 2015

    CRYSTRAN LTD
    1, Broom Road Business Park, Poole, BH12 4PA, UK
    TEL: +44 (0)1202 307650 FAX +44 (0)1202 307651
    email: sales@crystran.co.uk www.crystran.co.uk
    Registered in England No 2863378 VAT GB 619 6814 12

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