Mega MGT402 Solved

MGT402 Solved MCQS+ Solved Papers http://vustudents.ning.
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COST & MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING (MGT402)
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
MGT402- Cost & Management Accounting (Session - 4)
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Cost
of incoming freight on merchandise to be sold to customers by a re tail chain would be considered by that
merchandiser to be:
Prime costs
Inventoriable costs
Period costs
None of the given options
Net
sales = Sales less:
0 Sales returns
1 Sales discounts
2 Sales returns & allowances
3 Sales returns & allowances and sales discounts
Cost
accounting concepts include all of the following EXCEPT:
0 Planning
1 Controlling
2 Sharing
3 Costing
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m 1
MGT402 Solved MCQS+ Solved Papers http://vustudents.ning.com
Which of the following is a cost that changes in proportion to changes in volume?
0 Fixed cost
1 Sunk cost
2 Opportunity cost
3 None of the given options
Finished goods inventory costs represent the costs of goods that are:
0 Currently being worked on
1 Waiting to be worked on
2 Waiting to be sold
3 Already delivered to customers
According to IASB framework, Financial statements exhi25bit its users the:
► Financial position
► Financial performance
► Cash inflow and outflow analysis
► All of the given options
http://vustudents.ning.com 2
If,
COGS = Rs. 50,000
GP Margin = 25% of sales
What will be the value of Sales? http://vustudents.ning.com
0 Rs. 200,000
1 Rs. 66,667
2 Rs. 62,500
3 Rs. 400,000
Which of the following is correct?
0 Units sold= Opening finished goods units + Units produced – Closing finished goods units
1 Units Sold = Units produced + Closing finished goods units - Opening finished goods units
2 Units sold = Sales + Average units of finished goods inventory
3 Units sold = Sales - Average units of finished goods inventory
Which of the following would be the effect, if inventory is not properly measured?
5888 Expenses and revenues cannot be properly matched
5889 Unfair position in Financial Statements
5890 Inventory items show under or over stocking
5891 All of the given options
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If
EOQ = 360 units, order costs are Rs. 5 per order, and carrying costs are Rs. 0.20 per unit, what is the
usage in units?
23 2,592 units
24 25,920 units
25 18,720 units
26 129,600 units
Basic pay + bonus pay + overtime payment is called:
5888 Net pay
5889 Gross pay
5890 Take home pay
Which of the following is a reason for the overtime to be incurred? http://vustudents.ning.com
23 Make up for lost time
24 Produce more of the product than anticipated
25 Increase efficiency of the workers
26 Both for makeup of lost time and produced more product than anticipated
Where there is mass production of homogeneous units or where few products are produced in
batches, which of the following cost driver would be regarded as best base for the determination of
Factory overhead absorption rate?
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5888 Number of units produced
5889 Labor hours
5890 Prime cost
5891 Machine hours
The
Process of cost apportionment is carried out so that:
23 Cost may be controlled
24 Cost unit gather overheads as they pass through cost centers
25 Whole items of cost can be charged to cost centers
26 Common costs are shared among cost centers
Nelson Company has following FOH detail.
Budgeted (Rs.) Actual (Rs.)
Production Fixed overheads 36,000 39,000
Production Variable overheads 9,000 12,000
Direct labor hours 18,000 20,000
What would be the amount of under/over applied FOH
23 Under applied by Rs.1,000
24 Over applied by Rs.1,000
25 Under applied by Rs.11,000
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5888 Over applied by Rs.38,000
Which of the following would be considered a major aim of a job order costing system?
23 To determine the costs of producing each job
24 To compute the cost per unit
25 To include separate records for each job to track the costs
At
the end of the accounting period, a production department manager submits a production report
that shows all of the following EXCEPT:
5888 Number of units in the beginning work in process
5889 Number of units sold
5890 Number of units in the ending work in process and their estimated stage of completion
5891 Number of units completed
LG
has incurred cost of Rs. 60,000 for material. Further it incurred Rs. 35,000 for labor and Rs. 70,000 for
factory overhead. There was no beginning and ending work in process. 7,500 units were completed
and transferred out. What would be the unit cost for material?
23 Rs. 22
24 Rs. 16
25 Rs. 14
26 Rs. 8
m 6
In a
process costing system, the journal entry used to record the transfer of units from Department A, a
processing department, to Department B, the next processing department, includes a debit to:
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5888 Work in Process Department A and a credit to Work in Process Department B
5889 Work in Process Department B and a credit to Work in Process Department A
5890 Work in Process Department B and a credit to Materials
5891 Finished Goods and a credit to Work in Process Department B
FIFO is the abbreviation of:
23 Final Interest-Free Option
24 First in First out Method
25 None of the given options
26 Fixed income Financial Operations
A
company applied overheads on machine hours which were budgeted at 11,250 with overhead of Rs.258,
750.Actual results were 10,980 hours with overheads of Rs.254, 692. Overhead were?
5888 Over applied by Rs.4, 058
5889 Under applied by Rs.2, 152
5890 Under applied by Rs.4, 058
5891 Over applied by Rs.2, 152

m 7
Which of the given cost does not become the part of cost unit?
23 Advertising expenses
24 Direct labor cost
25 Factory overhead cost
26 Cost of raw material
Imputed cost is also called
5888 Explicit cost
5889 Implicit cost
5890 Firm cost
5891 Period cost
The
journal entry of Material purchase on credit under perpetual inventory system is:
23 Inventory account (Dr) Material account (Cr)
24 Account payable (Dr.) Purchases account (Cr)
25 Inventory account (Dr) Account payable account (Cr)
26 Purchases account (Dr) Accounts payable account (Cr)
m 8
The
annual demand for a stock item is 2,500 units. The cost of placing an order is Rs. 80 and the cost holding
an item in stock is for one year is Rs. 15.
Required: What is the EOQ?
163 units
1250 units
5,000 units
160 units
Working hours of labor can be calculated with the help of all EXCEPT:
Smart card
Time sheet
Store card
Clock card
Inventory of Rs. 96,000 was purchased during the year. The cost of goods sold was Rs. 90,000 and the
ending inventory was Rs. 18,000. What was the inventory turnover ratio for the year?
5.0 times
5.3 times
6.0 times
6.4 times
Solution:
90000 = x +96000 – 180000
90000 = x + 78000
m 9
x = 90000 – 780000
x = 12000
now,
12000 + 18000/ 2 = 15000 Inventory
turnover ratio = 90000/ 15000 = 6
Gross pay ÷ ____________ =Effective wage rate
Actual hours worked
Time allowed
Time saved
Which of the given statement is CORRECT for factory overhead cost?
It is direct production cost.
It is prime cost.
It is conversion cost.
It is an indirect production cost.
Depreciation of building expense is an example of factory overhead which is apportioned on the basis of:
Capital value
m 10
Departmental payroll
Area in square feet or cubic feet
Number of workers
Budgeted fixed factory overhead is Rs. 40,000 and budgeted variable factory overhead Rs. 30,000 and
variable rate Rs. 8.00 per hour.
Required:
Identify the amount of Budgeted Factory overhead.
Rs. 10,000
Rs. 5, 000
Rs. 70,000
Rs. 3,750
Cost
of production report summarizes data of: http://vustudents.ning.com
Quantities produced by producing department only
Cost incurred by producing department only
Quality of purchased units only
Quantities produced and Cost incurred by producing department
Production process may result into spoiled or lost units. This lost unit may result into which of the
following category/categories?
Normal loss
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Abnormal loss
Unavoidable loss
All of the given options
It is
assumed that Rs. 1,000 incurred to produce 100 units but after inspection it came to know that 10 units
were lost. Then Rs. 1,000 will be spread over:
10 units
100 units
90 units
110 units
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 )
What is the justification of spreading the cost of lost units over the remaining goods units?
The
higher rate of labor turnover results in increased cost of production. Discuss the Effect of Labor Turnover.
PA
limited operates a job costing system. The company standard sale price is predetermined Rs. 505 based on
cost plus 20% profit margin. The estimated cost for Job # 141 is as follows:
Direct material 5 meters@ Rs.20 per meter
Direct labor 14 hours@ Rs. 8.00 per hour
Production overhead for the year are budgeted to be Rs.200,000 and are to be recovered on the basis
of the total 40,000 direct labor hour for the year.
Required:
Calculate Cost of Goods Sold for job # 141

Calculate amount of profit for job #141
Mateiral = 100
D. Labor = 112
FOH = 200 000/4000x14 = 70
Cost of goods sold = 282
Net Profit= 282x.2/.8=70.5
m 13
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Which of the following statement measures the financial position of the entity on particular time?
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Cash Flow Statement
Statement of Retained Earning
Net
sales were Rs. 360,000. The cost of goods sold was Rs. 180,000. Operating expenses were Rs. 120,000.
The ending balance of the Accounts Receivable was Rs. 20,000. The merchandise turnover ratio was
12.75. What was the Net profit ratio?
16.67%
20.0%
40.0%
33.3%
The
net sales of the business totals Rs. 200,000 and the Cost of Goods Sold for the same period totals
Rs.146,000. What is the gross margin ratio?
0.22
0.25
0.27
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0.33
“Taking steps for the fresh purchase of those stocks which have been exhausted and for which
requisitions are to be honored in future” is an easy explanation of:
Over stocking
Under stocking
Replenishment of stock
Acquisition of stock
Which of the following is a period cost?
Direct materials
Indirect materials
Factory utilities
Administrative expenses
Which of the following is CORRECT to calculate cost of goods manufactured?
Direct labor costs plus total manufacturing costs
The beginning work in process inventory plus total manufacturing costs and subtract the ending
work in process inventory
Beginning raw materials inventory plus direct labor plus factory overhead
Conversion costs and work in process inventory adjustments results in cost of goods manufactured
m 15
If,
Sales = Rs. 1200,000
Markup = 20% of cost
What would be the value of Gross profit?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 100,000
Rs. 580,000
Rs. 740,000
Which of the following cost is used in the calculation of cost per unit?
Total production cost
Cost of goods available for sales
Cost of goods manufactured
Cost of goods Sold
Units sold= Opening finished goods units + Units produced – Closing finished goods units
Units Sold = Units produced + Closing finished goods units - Opening finished goods units
Units sold = Sales + Average units of finished goods inventory
Units sold = Sales - Average units of finished goods inventory

m 16
If
EOQ = 360 units, order costs are Rs. 5 per order, and carrying costs are Rs. 0.20 per unit, what is the
usage in units? http://vustudents.ning.com
2,592 units
25,920 units
18,720 units
129,600 units
Net pay
Gross pay
Take home pay
A
Blanket Rate is:
A single rates which used throughout the organisation departments
A double rates which used throughout the organisation departments
A single rates which used in different departments of the organisation.
None of the Given
When a manufacturing Company has highly automated manufacturing plant producing many different
products, the most appropriate basis for applying FOH cost to work in process is:
Direct labor hours
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Direct labor costs
Machine hours
Cost of material used
Capacity Variance / Volume Variance arises due to
Difference between Absorbed factory overhead and budgeted factory for capacity attained
Difference between Absorbed factory overhead and absorption rate
Difference between Budgeted factory overhead for capacity attained and FOH actually incurred
Which of the following industries would most likely use a Process cost Accounting system?
Construction
Beer
Hospitality
Consulting
Which cost accumulation procedure is best suited to a continuous mass production process of
similar units?
Job order costing
Process costing
Standard costing
m 18
MGT402 Solved MCQS+ Solved Papers
Actual costing
LG
has incurred cost of Rs. 60,000 for material. Further it incurred Rs. 35,000 for labor
and Rs.
70,000 for factory overhead. There was no beginning and ending work in process.
7,500
units were completed and transferred out. What would be the unit cost for material?
Rs. 22
Rs. 16
Rs. 14
Rs. 8
Under perpetual Inventory system the Inventory is treated as: http://vustudents.ning.com
Assets
Liability
Income
Expense
During the year 60,000 units put in to process.55, 000 units were completed. Closing WIP were 25,000
units, 40% completed. How much the equivalent units of output would be produced?
► 25,000 units
► 10,000 units
► 65,000 units
► 80,000 units
The
FIFO inventory costing method (when using a perpetual inventory system) assumes that the cost of the
earliest units purchased is allocated in which of the following ways?
First to be allocated to the ending inventory
Last to be allocated to the cost of goods sold
Last to be allocated to the ending inventory
First to be allocated to the cost of good sold
In
cost Accounting, abnormal loss is charged to:
Factory overhead control account
Work in process account
Income Statement
Entire production
The
following information is available for ABC Co.
Marketing expenses Rs. 300,000
Ending inventory of finished goods Rs. 90,000
The cost of goods sold 500 % of Marketing expense
The cost of goods available for sale ?
Rs. 300,000
m 20
Rs. 1,590,000
Rs. 90,000
Rs. 390,000
TO
whom purchase order form is issued to place an order?
Work station incharge
Store incharge
Supplier
Manager
Which of the given payroll incentive does not relate to production?
► Commission
► Shift allowance
► Over time payment
► Bonus
Consider the following data:
Salary Rs.5000
Per Piece commission 10 % per piece
Unit sold 700 pieces
Price per piece Rs. 10
m 21
Amount of commission received ?
Rs. 100
Rs. 500
Rs. 600
Rs. 700
Factory overhead should be allocated on the basis of:
Conversion cost
An activity basis which relates to cost incurrence
Direct labor costs
Prime cost
In
which of the situation spending variance will give favorable result?
Actual factory overhead is less than absorbed factory overhead
Actual factory overhead is greater than absorbed factory overhead
Budgeted factory overhead for actual volume is greater than actual factory overhead
Absorbed factory overhead less than budgeted factory overhead for actual volume
When cost of production report is prepared?
It is prepared at the end of each costing period
It is prepared during each costing period

m 22
It is prepared at the start of each costing period
It can be prepared at any time
Production process may result into spoiled or lost units. This lost unit may result into which of the
following category/categories?
Normal loss
Abnormal loss
Unavoidable loss
In
process accounting, avoidable losses are valued:
At their scrap value
Same as good units/production
At the value of labour cost
At the value of material cost
Identify units transferred out with the help of given data:
m 23
Units
Units still in process (100%material, 75% conversion ) 4,000
Lost units 2,000
Units started in process 50,000
► 6,000 units
► 44,000 units
► 52,000 units
► 56,000 units
Lost units (Normal loss) 500 units
Units received from preceding department 13,500 units
Units completed in this department 11,750 units
Required: Identify units still in process with the help of above data.
► 1,250 units
► 14,000 units
► 12,250 units
► 1,750 units
The
net profit or net loss for a particular time period is calculated in which of the given statement?
Cost of goods manufactured statement

m 24
Bank reconciliation statement
Income statement
Bank statement
Overhead absorption rate (OAR) can be calculated as:
Direct labor cost /Direct Labor hours
Estimated FOH/ Direct Labor hours
Prime cost/ Estimated FOH
Prime cost/ Direct labor cost
Units transferred out to next department 20,000 units. Units lost at beginning of production 500 units.
Units in process 2,500 units which were complete as to materials, 1/2 complete as to labor and factory
overhead.
Required: Prepare the Quantity Schedule
Patacake Ltd produces a certain food item in a manufacturing process. On 1st November there was no
opening stock in process. During November, 500 units of material were put in to process, with a cost of
Rs, 9,000. Units completed and transferred-out were 400 units. Direct labor cost in November was
R.3840. Production overhead is absorbed at the rate of 200% of direct labor costs. Closing stock on 30th
m 25
November consisted of 100 units which were 100% completed as to materials and 80% completed as to
labor and over head.
Required: The full production cost of completed units during November?
Ali
Company estimates its factory overhead for the next period at Rs. 64,000. It is estimated that 30,000
units will be produced at material cost of Rs. 65,000. Production will require 25,000 direct labor hours at
an estimated cost of Rs. 130,000. The machine will run about 18,000 hours.
Required: the predetermined factory overhead rate based on:
Units of production
Direct labor hours
Machine hours
Direct labour cost
Material cost
m 26
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Which of the following cost is linked with the calculation of cost of inventories?
Product cost
Period cost
Both product and period cost
Historical cost
You
made Rs. 10,000 loan to your cousin's company. At the end of one year, the company returned to you Rs.
10,850. The Rs. 850 is called which one of the following? http://vustudents.ning.com
Increases in loan
Increases in dividends
An 8.5% return on investment
Machine lubricant used on processing equipment in a manufacturing plant would be classified as a:
Period cost (manufacturing overhead)
Period cost (Selling, General & Admin)
Product cost (manufacturing overhead)
Product cost (Selling, General & Admin)
m 27
An
average cost is also known as:
Variable cost
Unit cost
Total cost
Fixed cost
Finished goods inventory costs represent the costs of goods that are:
Currently being worked on
Waiting to be worked on
Waiting to be sold
Already delivered to customers
Which of the following is deducted from purchases in order to get the value of Net purchases?
Purchases returns
Carriage inward
Custom duty
m 28
Units sold= Opening finished goods units + Units produced – Closing finished goods units
In
cost Accounting, normal loss is/are charged to:
Income Statement
Material requisition is a document that supports the requirement of the material. This document is sent
to store incharge and approved by:
Store manager
Production manager
Supplier manager
Purchase manager
Over
applied FOH will always result when a predetermined FOH rate is applied and:
Production is greater than defined capacity
Actual overhead costs are less than budgeted
Budgeted capacity is less than normal capacity
m 29
Actual overhead incurred is less than applied Overhead
Which of the following would be considered as factory overhead using a job order cost system?
Direct materials
Direct labor
Depreciation on factory buildings
Salesperson's salary
At
the end of the accounting period, a production department manager submits a production report
that shows all of the following EXCEPT:
Number of units in the beginning work in process
Number of units sold
Number of units in the ending work in process and their estimated stage of completion
Number of units completed
In
order to compute equivalent units of production, which of the following must be reasonably estimated?
Units
The percentage of completion
Direct material cost
Units started and completed

m 30
When 10,000 ending units of work-in-process are 30% completed as to conversion, it means:
30% of the units are completed
Each unit has been completed to 70% of its final stage
Each of the units is 30% completed
LG
has incurred cost of Rs. 60,000 for material. Further it incurred Rs. 35,000 for labor and Rs. 70,000 for
factory overhead. There was no beginning and ending work in process. 7,500 units were completed
and transferred out. What would be the unit cost for material? http://vustudents.ning.com
Rs. 22
Rs. 16
Rs. 14
Rs. 8
A
chemical process has normal wastage of 10% of input. In a period, 2,500 Kg of material were input and
there was abnormal loss of 75 Kg. What quantity of good production was achieved?
2,175 kg
2,250 kg
2,425 kg
2,500 kg

m 31
If
the cost per equivalent unit is Rs. 1.60. The equivalent units of output are 50,000. The WIP closing stock
is 10,000 units, 40% completed. What will be the value of closing stock?
Rs. 9,600
Rs. 80,000
Rs. 16,000
Rs. 6,400
Which of the given cost does not become the part of cost unit?
Advertising expenses
Direct labor cost
Factory overhead cost
Cost of raw material
Which of the given cost becomes the part of cost unit?
Factory overhead
Direct labor cost
The
main difference between the profit center and investment center is:
Decision making
m 32
Revenue generation
Cost incurrence
Investment
The
Economic Order Quantity is the amount of inventory to be ordered at one time for purpose to minimize:
Conversion cost
FOH cost
Inventory cost
Prime cost
The
annual demand for a stock item is 2,500 units. The cost of placing an order is Rs. 80 and the cost holding
an item in stock is for one year is Rs. 15.
Required: What is the EOQ?
► 163 units
► 1250 units
► 5,000 units
► 160 units
m 33
TO
whom purchase order form is issued to place an order?
Work station incharge
Store incharge
Supplier
Manager
What type of information CANNOT get from bin card?
It provides the information for Reorder level
It provides the information for Economic order quantity
It provides the information for Maximum daily consumption
It provides the information for Cost of material consumed
Which of the following groups of workers would be classified as indirect labor?
Machinists in an organization manufacturing clothes
Bricklayers in a house building company
Maintenance workers in a shoe factory
Taylor's Differential Piece Rate Plan based on _____________piece rates is fixed.
m 34
Two
Three
Four
Five
Meerick Differential Piece Rate Plan based on _____________piece rates is fixed.
Two
Three
Four
Five
Depreciation of building expense is an example of factory overhead which is apportioned on the basis of:
Capital value
m 35
Number of workers
Maintenance and repair of plant and machinery can be apportioned on the basis of:
Capital value
Number of workers
Calculate predetermined factory overhead absorption rates with the help of given data.
Items Budgeted figure Actual Figures
Factory overhead (Rs) 1,200,000 ----
Machine hours 200,000 28,000
► Rs. 43.00
► Rs. 0.20
► Rs. 6.00
► Rs. 14
m 36
In
which of the situation spending variance will give favorable result?
Budgeted factory overhead for actual volume is greater than actual factory overhead
If
absorbed factory overhead is Rs.155,000 and Budgeted factory overhead for actual volume is Rs. 110,000
then difference of both will be:
Unfavorable Spending variance of Rs. 45,000
Favorable Spending variance of Rs. 45,000
Favorable Volume variance of Rs. 45,000
Favorable Budget variance of Rs. 45,000
Which of the given is CORRECT for accounting entry of closing balance of Work In Process (WIP)?
m 37
WIP a/c Dr and Inventory a/c Cr
Inventory a/c Dr and WIP a/c Cr
WIP a/c Dr and payroll a/c Cr
There is no accounting entry for closing balance of WIP
Greenwood petroleum has the data for the year was as follow:
Lost units (Normal Loss) 200
Introduced units during the year 67,00
Units in process 15,00
Identify how many units were completed and transferred out during this period?
1,700 units
5,000 units
1,500 units
6,900 units
Schlamber Company Factory overhead rate is Rs.2 per hour. Budgeted overhead for 3,000 hours per
month is Rs. 8,000 and 7,000 hours is Rs. 12,000. Actual factory overhead for the month was Rs.9, 000
and actual volume was 5,000 hours.
Required:
ﾵ Applied overhead
m 38
ﾧ Over-or under applied overhead.
Irfan
Industries Limited has two production departments A and B and two mutually interdependent service
departments X and Y. Cost of service departments is apportioned on the basis of following %ages:
A B X Y
Service department X 50% 30% - 20%
Service department Y 40% 50% 10% -
Following figures of departmental costs are available after the primary distribution:
Department A 15,750 Department B 7,500
Department X 11,750 Department Y 5,000
Calculate total factory overhead of production department by preparing a work sheet showing
the secondary distribution using Repeated apportionment method.
PA
limited operates a job costing system. The company standard sale price is predetermined Rs. 505 based on
cost plus 20% profit margin. The estimated cost for Job # 141 is as follows:
Direct material 5 meters@ Rs.20 per meter
Direct labor 14 hours@ Rs. 8.00 per hour
Production overhead for the year are budgeted to be Rs.200,000 and are to be recovered on the basis
of the total 40,000 direct labor hour for the year.
Required:
Calculate Cost of Goods Sold for job # 141

Calculate amount of profit for job #141
m 40
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Which of the following is added in purchases in order to get the value of

Net purchases? http://vustudents.ning.com
Purchases returns
Carriage inward
Trade discount
Rebates
If,
Gross profit = Rs. 40,000
What will be the value of cost of goods sold?
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 120,000
Rs. 40,000
Can not be determined
Cost of finished goods inventory is calculated by:
Deducting total cost from finished goods inventory
Multiplying units of finished goods inventory with the cost per unit
m 41
Dividing units of finished goods inventory with the cost per unit
Multiplying total cost with finished goods inventory
Financial statements are prepared:
Only for publicly owned business organizations
For corporations, but not for sole proprietorships or partnerships
Primarily for the benefit of persons outside of the business organization
Depending upon only the need of the decision maker
Over which of the following is the manager of the Profit center likely to have control?
I. Selling process
II. Controllable costs
Apportioned head office costs
I, II and III
I, II and IV
I and II
I, II, III and IV
While transporting petrol, a little quantity will be evaporated; such kind of loss is
termed as:
Normal Loss.
m 42
Abnormal Loss.
Incremental Loss.
Incremental abnormal loss.
Whil
e deducting Income Tax from the gross pay of the employee, the employer acts as a
(an) _________________for Income Tax Department.
Agent of his own company
Paid tax collection agent
Unpaid tax collection agent
Fixed cost
Sunk cost
Opportunity cost
The
salary of factory clerk is treated as:
Direct labor cost
Indirect labor cost
m 43
Conversion cost
Prime cost
Period costs are:
Expensed when the product is sold
Included in the cost of goods sold
Related to specific period
Not expensed
Weighted average rate per unit is calculated by which of the following formula?
Cost of goods issued/number of units issued
Total cost/total units
Cost of goods manufactured/closing units
Cost of goods sold/total units
A
store sells five cases of soda each day. Ordering costs are Rs. 8 per order, and soda
costs Rs. 3 per case. Orders arrive four days from the time they are placed. Daily
holding costs are equal to 5% of the cost of the soda. What is the EOQ for soda?
4 cases
8 cases
10 cases
m 44
23 cases
Direct Labor is an element of:
Prime cost
Conversion cost
Net pay
Gross pay
Take home pay
The
flux method of labor turnover denotes:
Workers employed under the expansion schemes of the company
The total change in the composition of labor force
Workers appointed against the vacancy caused due to discharge or quitting of

the organization
Workers appointed in replacement of existing employees
m 45
All
of the following are cases of labor turnover EXCEPT:

the organization
Workers retrenched
Question No: 17 ( Marks: - Please choose

1) one

Budgeted
(Rs.) Actual (Rs.)
Under applied by Rs.1,000
Over applied by Rs.1,000
In a
job-order cost system, indirect labor costs would be recorded as a debit to:
m 46
Finished Goods
Manufacturing Overhead
Raw Materials
Work in Process
A
direct cost is identified by which of the following feature?
Its behavior
Its traceability
Its controllability
Its relevance
The
following information is available for ABC Co.
Marketing expenses Rs. 300,000
Ending inventory of finished goods Rs. 90,000
The cost of goods sold 500 % of Marketing expense
The cost of goods available for sale ?
Rs. 300,000
Rs. 1,590,000
m 47
Rs. 90,000
Rs. 390,000
The
Economic Order Quantity is the amount of inventory to be ordered at one time
for purpose to minimize:
Conversion cost
FOH cost
Inventory cost
Prime cost
If
management decides to buy in large quantities by placing few orders, it means
Higher carrying cost and lower ordering cost
Lower carrying cost and lower ordering cost
Higher carrying cost and higher ordering cost
Lower carrying cost and higher ordering cost
m 48
Under Financial Accounting, what will be the impact of abnormal loss on the overall
per unit cost?
► Per unit cost remain unchanged
► Abnormal loss has no relation to unit cost
► Per unit cost will increase
► Per unit cost will decrease
Consider the given information.
Estimated FOH Rs. 100,000
Estimated Direct labour hours 50,000 Hours
Over applied FOH Rs. 50,000
Under applied FOH Rs. 15,000
Overhead absorption rate ?
► Rs. 2.00
► Rs. 1.00
► Rs. 0.30
► Rs. 5.00
http://vustudents.ning.
MGT402 Solved MCQS+ Solved Papers com
Blanket rate is also known as:
Plant wide rate
Departmental rate
Over head absorption rate
Factory overhead rate
Budgeted factory overhead is Rs. 40,000 and budgeted variable factory overhead Rs.
25,000 and variable rate Rs. 2.00 per hour.
Required:
Identify the amount of Budgeted Fixed Factory overhead.
Rs. 65,000
Rs.15, 000
Rs. 20,000
Rs. 12,500
Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 - Please choose

) one
m 50
Job
Code XYZ required total cost direct labour was Rs. 3,500 and direct labour was paid
hourly @ Rs. 18. Production overhead was estimated at rate of Rs. 15 per direct labour
hour.
Required:
Identify factory overhead cost with the help of above data.
Rs. 2917 Approximately
Rs. 270Approximately
3500/18 *15 = 2916.67
How costs can be accumulated in process-costing systems?
Costs can be accumulated by product nature
Costs can be accumulated by job nature
Costs can be accumulated by department
Which of the given cost is NOT appeared in Cost of Production Report to calculate
total cost?
m 51
Material cost
Labour cost
Factory overhead cost
Department I of ABC manufacturing Company transferred 18,000 units to next

department and unit cost of material, Labour and FOH is Rs. 2.00, Rs. 5.00 and Rs.
2.50 respectively.
Identify the cost transferred to next department with the help of given data.
Rs. 36,000
Rs. 45,000
Rs. 90,000
Rs. 171,000
D
Corporation uses process costing to calculate the cost of manufacturing Crunchies.
During the month 12,500 units were completed and transferred out. 1,500 units
remained in work in process at 25 percent completed.
Required: Identify how many equivalent units were produced?
m 52
12,500 units
12,875 units
14,250 units
12,125 units
If a
company uses a predetermined rate for the application of factory overhead, the idle
capacity variance is the:
Difference of absorbed factory overhead and budgeted factory overhead for

capacity attained
Over or under applied variable cost element of overheads
Difference in budgeted costs and actual costs of fixed overheads items
Difference in budgeted cost and actual costs of variable overheads items
Identify the FOH rate on the basis of machine hour?
Budgeted production overheads Rs.280,000
actual machine hours 70,000 hours
Actual production overheads Rs.295,000
Rs. 4.00
Rs. 4.08
Rs. 4.210
m 53
Rs. 4.35
Overhead absorption rate (OAR) can be calculated as:
Direct labor cost /Direct Labor hours
Estimated FOH/ Direct Labor hours
Prime cost/ Estimated FOH
Prime cost/ Direct labor cost
Barley Ltd produces a certain food item in a manufacturing process. On 1st

November there was no opening stock in process. During November, 700 units of
material were put in to process, with a cost of Rs, 20,000. Direct labor cost in
November was Rs.15;
000.production overhead is absorbed at the rate of 300% of direct labor costs.
Closing stock on 30th November consisted of 200 units which were 100%
completed as to materials and 80% completed as to labor and over head.
Required: Calculate the quantity of units completed and transfer-out
The
higher rate of labor turnover results in increased cost of production. Discuss the Effect of
Labor Turnover.
m 54
Units
Units transferred to next department 40,000
Units still in process (all material, 2/3 labour & FO H) 8,000
Abnormal loss (1/2 complete as to material, Labour and 1,000

FOH)
Following costs were added during the process.
Materials Rs.40,500
Labour 101,700
Factory overhead 50,500
Required:
You are required to calculate equivalent units of material, labour and factory
overhead and unit cost of material, labour and factory overhead.
m 55
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Which of the following is added in purchases in order to get the value of Net purchases?
Purchases returns
Carriage inward
Trade discount
Rebates
A
typical factory overhead cost is:
Distribution
Internal audit
Compensation of plant manager

Design
Costs that change in response to alternative courses of action are called: http://vustudents.ning.com
Relevant costs
Differential costs
Target costs
Sunk costs
m 56
Which of the following best describes the manufacturing costs?
Direct materials, direct labor and factory overhead

Direct materials and direct labor only
Direct materials, direct labor, factory overhead, and administrative overhead
Direct labor and factory overhead
If,
COGS = Rs. 50,000
What will be the value of Sales?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 66,667
Rs. 62,500
Rs. 400,000
Units sold= Opening finished goods units + Units produced –

Closing finished goods units
m 57
When prices are rising over time, which of the following inventory costing methods will result in the
lowest gross margin?
FIFO
LIFO
Weighted Average
Cannot be determined
Expenses and revenues cannot be properly matched
Unfair position in Financial Statements
Inventory items show under or over stocking
If,
Basic Salary Rs.10,000
Per Piece commission Rs. 5
What will be the total Salary?
Rs. 3,500
Rs. 13,500
Rs. 10,000
Rs. 6,500
m 58
The
term cost allocation is described as:
The costs that can be identified with specific cost centers.
The costs that can not be identified with specific cost centers.
The total cost of factory overhead needs to be distributed among specific cost centers.
The
term Cost apportionment is referred to:
The total cost of factory overhead needs to be distributed among specific cost centers but must be
divided among the concerned department/cost centers.
The total cost of factory overhead needs to be distributed among specific cost centers.
m 59

PEL
co found that a production volume of 400 units corresponds to production cost of Rs, 10,000 and that a
production volume of 800 units corresponds to production costs of Rs.12,000. The variable cost per unit
would be?
Rs. 5.00 per unit
Rs. 1.50 per unit
Rs. 2.50 per unit
Rs. 0.50 per unit
Which of the following loss is expected in manufacturing process and represents a necessary cost
of processing the marketable units?
Operating loss
Abnormal loss
Normal loss
Extraordinary loss

m 60
Under perpetual Inventory system at the end of the year:
No closing entry passed
Closing entry passed
Closing value find through closing entry only
None of the above.
A
company applied overheads on machine hours which were budgeted at 11,250 with overhead of Rs.258,
750.Actual results were 10,980 hours with overheads of Rs.254, 692. Overhead were?
Over applied by Rs.4, 058
Under applied by Rs.2, 152
The
components of total factory cost are:
Direct Material + Direct Labor
Direct Labor + FOH
Prime Cost only
Prime Cost + FOH
m 61
The
FIFO inventory costing method (when using a perpetual inventory system) assumes that the cost of the
earliest units purchased is allocated in which of the following ways?
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the basic economic-order quantity model?
Annual demand is known
Ordering cost is known
Carrying cost is known
Quantity discounts are available
Which of the following is NOT reason of abnormal loss?
Defective material used
Machine breakdown
Poor workmanships
Natural disaster
Complete the following table when activity level increases above the normal level:
m 62
Per unit Total
Fixed cost Increase Constant
Variable cost ? ?
Total cost Increase Decrease
Decrease, Decrease
Increase, Increase
Constant, Increase
Increase, Decrease
You
are required to calculate number of units sold of ABC Fans Company for the first quarter of the year with
the help of given information.
Inventory opening
Finished goods (100 fans) Rs. 43000
Direct material Rs. 268000
Inventory closing
Finished goods (200 fans) Not known
No of units manufactured 567 units
300 units
767 units
467 units
667 units
m 63
Given data that:
Work in Process Opening Inventory Rs. 20,000
Work in Process Closing Inventory 10,000
Finished goods Opening Inventory 30,000
Finished goods Closing Inventory 50,000
Cost of goods sold 190,000
What will be the value of cost of goods manufactured?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 210,000
Rs. 220,000
Rs. 240,000
In
cost accounting, unavoidable loss is charged to which of the following?
Factory over head control account
Work in process control account
Marketing overhead control account
Administration overhead control account

m 64
Payroll includes:
Salaries & Wages of direct labor
Salaries & Wages of Indirect labor
Salaries & Wages of Administrative staff
Salaries & Wages of direct labor, Indirect labor, and

Administrative & Selling Staff
Which of the given statement is CORRECT for Indirect Labor?
It is charged to factory over head account

It is charged to work in process
It is entire production
It is charged to administrative expenses
A
production worker paid salary of Rs. 700 per month plus an extra Rs. 5 for each unit produced during the
month. This labor cost is best described as:
A fixed cost
A variable cost
A semi variable cost

A step fixed cost
m 65
Calculate Estimated FOH with the help of given data:
Estimated Direct labour hours 50,000 Hours
Overhead absorption rate Rs. 5.00/hour
► Rs. 25,000
► Rs. 50,000
► Rs. 75,000
► Rs. 250,000
In
which of the situation spending variance will give unfavorable result?
Budgeted factory overhead for actual volume is less than actual factory overhead
All
the given statements regarding job cost sheets are incorrect EXCEPT:
Job cost sheet shows only direct materials cost on that specific job
m 66
Job cost sheet must show the selling costs associated with a specific job
Job cost sheet must show the administrative costs associated with a specific job
Job cost sheet shows direct materials cost, direc labour cost and factory overhead costs associated
with a specific job
In
process costing, each producing department is a:
Cost unit
Cost centre
Investment centre
Sales centre
With
reference to cost of production report, cost accounted for as follows is also known as:
Cost reconciliation
Bank reconciliation
Cash reconciliation
Capital reconciliation
m 67
Units
Units still in process (100%material, 75% conversion ) 4,000
Lost units 2,000
6,000 units
44,000 units
52,000 units
56,000 units
Details of the process for the last period are as follows:
Put into process 5,000 kg
Materials Rs. 2,500
Labor Rs.700
Production overheads 200% of labor
Normal losses are 10% of input in the process. The out put for the period was 4,200 Kg from the process.
There was no opening and closing Work- in- process. What were the units of abnormal loss?
500 units
300 units
200 units
m 68
100 units
50,
000 units were received from preceding department, 9,000 units were still in process at the end of month
(complete all material, 75% Labour & FOH). 500 lost units were 60% complete as to material and
conversion costs. This loss is considered as abnormal and is to be charged to factory overhead.
Required: You are required to calculate equivalent units of material, labour and factory overhead.
Irfan
Industries Limited has two production departments A and B and two mutually interdependent service
departments X and Y. Cost of service departments is apportioned on the basis of following %ages:
A B X Y
Service department X 50% 30% - 20%
Service department Y 40% 50% 10% -
Following figures of departmental costs are available after the primary distribution:
Department A 15,750 Department B 7,500
Department X 11,750 Department Y 5,000
Calculate total factory overhead of production department by preparing a work sheet showing
the secondary distribution using Repeated apportionment method. http://vustudents.ning.com
Solution
Irfan Industries Limited
Work Sheet showing secondary distribution
Repeated apportionment method
Production department Service department

Particulars
A B X Y
Departmental Cost after
Primary distribution 15,750 7,500 11,750 5,000
Secondary distribution
Service department X 5,875 3,525 (11,750) 2,350
Service department Y 2,940 3,675 735 7,350
Service department X 368 220 (735) 147
Service department Y 59 73 15 147
Service department X 7 5 (15) 3
Service department Y 1 2 - 3
Total 25,000 15,000 0 0
Facto
ry overhead absorption rate of a pharmaceutical is Rs 2.50. Budgeted Factory overhead at two activity
levels is as follows for that period.
Activity level Budgeted factory overhead
Low 20,000 Hours Rs. 45,000
High 40,000 Hours Rs. 75,000
Actual Factory overhead for that period was Rs. 42,000 and actual volume was 25,000 hours.
Required:
Variable factory overhead absorption rate

Budgeted variable factory overhead at high activity level 40,000 hours.
Budgeted fixed factory overhead
An example of an inventoriable cost would be:
Shipping fees
Advertising flyers
m 70
Sales commissions
Direct materials
Direct materials cost is Rs. 80,000. Direct labor cost is Rs. 60,000. Factory
overhead is Rs. 90,000. Beginning goods in process were Rs. 15,000. The cost
of goods manufactured is Rs. 245,000. What is the cost assigned to the ending
goods in process?
Rs. 45,000
Rs. 15,000
Rs. 30,000
There will be no ending Inventory
The FIFO inventory costing method (when using under perpetual inventory
system) assumes that the cost of the earliest units purchased is allocated in
which of the following ways?
Heavenly Interiors had beginning merchandise inventory of Rs. 75,000. It made
purchases of Rs. 160,000 and recorded sales of Rs. 220,000 during November.
Its estimated gross profit on sales was 30%. On November 30, the store was
destroyed by fire. What was the value of the merchandise inventory loss?
Rs. 154,000
Rs. 160,000
m 71
Rs. 235,000
Rs. 81,000
5. Inventory control aims at:
Achieving optimization
Ensuring against market fluctuations
Acceptable customer service at low capital investment
Discounts allowed in bulk purchase
Which of the following is a factor that should be taken into account for fixing
re-order level?
Average consumption
Economic Order Quantity
Emergency lead time
Danger level
7. EOQ is a point where:
Ordering cost is equal to carrying cost
Ordering cost is higher than carrying cost
Ordering cost is lesser than the carrying cost
Total cost should be maximum
Grumpy & Dopey Ltd estimated that during the year 75,000 machine hours
would be used and it has been using an overhead absorption rate of Rs. 6.40
per machine hour in its machining department. During the year the overhead
expenditure amounted to Rs. 472,560 and 72,600 machine hours were used.
Which one of the following statements is correct?

m 72
Overhead was under-absorbed by Rs.7,440
Overhead was over-absorbed by Rs.7,440
A business always absorbs its overheads on labor hours. In the 8th period,
18,000 hours were worked, actual overheads were Rs. 279,000 and there was
Rs. 36,000 over-absorption. The overhead absorption rate per hours was:
Rs. 15.50
Rs. 17.50
Rs. 18.00
Rs. 13.50
10. The main purpose of cost accounting is to:
Maximize profits
Help in inventory valuation
Provide information to management for decision making
Aid in the fixation of selling price
In which of the following would there be a difference between financial and
managerial accounting?
Users of the information
Purpose of the information
Flexibility of practices
12. Which of the following is a cost that changes in proportion to changes in

m 73
volume?
Fixed cost
Sunk cost
Opportunity cost
13. Cost accounting information can be used for all EXCEPT:
Budget control and evaluation
Determining standard costs and variances
Pricing and inventory valuation decisions
Analyzing the data
Which of the following is not an element of factory overhead?
Depreciation on the maintenance equipment
Salary of the plant supervisor
Property taxes on the plant buildings
Salary of a marketing manager
The main difference between the profit center and investment center is: a)
Decision making
Revenue generation
Cost incurrence
16. Opportunity cost is the best example of:
Sunk Cost
Standard Cost
m 74
Relevant Cost
Irrelevant cost
17- If, Sales = Rs. 800,000, Markup = 25% of cost, what would be the value of Gross
profit?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 480,000
Rs. 640,000
18- Which of the following is correct?
Opening finished goods units + Units produced – Closing finished goods units =
Units sold
Units Sold = Units produced + Closing finished goods units - Opening finished goods
units
Sales + Average units of finished goods inventory
19- Loss by fire is an example of:
Normal Loss
Abnormal Loss
Both normal loss and abnormal loss
20- In cost Accounting, abnormal loss is charged to:

m 75
Income Statement
Cost & Management Accounting (Mgt402)
If computational and record-keeping costs are about the same under both FIFO
and weighted average, which of the following method will generally be
preferred?
A. Weighted Average
FIFO
They offer the same degree of information
Cannot be determined with so little information
Which of the following System applies when standardized goods are produced
under a series of inter-connected operations?
A. Job Order Costing
B. Process Costing
C. Standard Costing
D. All of the given options
The cost of material that is not completely processed, would be found in which
of the following inventory account on the Balance Sheet?
A. Direct material inventory
Work-in-process inventory
Finished goods inventory
Supplies inventory
4. A complete set of Financial Statements for Nestle Company at December 31,

m 76
2008 would include each of the followings, EXCEPT:
A. Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2008
B. Statement of Projected Cash flows for 2009
C. Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2008
D. Notes containing additional information that is useful in interpreting the Financial
Statements
Total Fixed cost _______ with the increase in production.
A. Remains constant
Decreases
Increases
There is no relation between fixed cost and activity level
The following data is available for the Bricks Company:
Particulars Rs.
Freight in 20,000
Purchases return and allowances 80,000
Marketing expenses 200,000
Finished goods Inventory, ending 90,000
Cost of goods sold 700% of marketing expenses
You are required to calculate the cost of goods available for sales if Gross Profit is
50% of cost of goods sold.
A. Rs. 1,490,000
B. Rs. 1,390,000
C. Rs. 1,500,000
m 77
D. Rs. 1,590,000
7. Consider the following:
Beginning work in process inventory Rs. 20,000
Direct material used Rs. 50,000
Direct labor used Rs. 80,000
Manufacturing overhead Rs. 120,000
Ending work in process inventory Rs. 10,000
Cost of finished goods manufactured Rs. 260,000
The total manufacturing costs would be:
A. Rs. 250,000
B. Rs. 260,000
C. Rs. 270,000
D. Rs. 280,000
Job 210 was unfinished at the end of the accounting period. The total cost
assigned to the job was Rs. 12,000 of which Rs. 3,000 was direct material cost.
Factory overheads were allocated to goods in process at 150% of direct labor
cost. What was the amount of direct labor cost charged to Job 210?
A. Rs. 3,600
B. Rs. 3,000
C. Rs. 5,400
D. Rs. 9,000
9. Job 210 was unfinished at the end of the accounting period. The total cost assigned to the job was
Rs. 12,000 of which Rs. 3,000 was direct material cost.
m 78
cost. What was the amount of Factory over head cost charged to Job 210?
A. Rs. 3,600
B. Rs. 3,000
C. Rs. 5,400
D. Rs. 9,000
The over applied balance of the Factory Overhead ledger account is Rs. 36,000, a
significant amount. The ending balances of Goods in Process Inventory, Finished
Goods Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold accounts are Rs. 12,000, Rs. 8,000, and
Rs. 60,000, respectively. On the basis of ending balances, how much of the over
applied balance of overhead should be allocated to each of these accounts?
A. Rs.5, 400, Rs.27, 600, Rs.3, 000
B. Rs.27,400, Rs. 3,600, Rs. 5,000
C. Rs. 5,400, Rs. 3,600, Rs. 27,000
D. None of the given options
PEL Limited has been using an overhead rate of Rs. 5.60 per machine hour.
During the year, overheads of Rs. 275,000 were incurred and 48,000 machine
hours worked. Therefore, overheads were:
A. Under-applied by Rs.7,600
B. Over-applied by Rs. 6,200
C. Under-applied by Rs. 6,200
D. Over-applied by Rs. 7,600

m 79
12. Factory overhead should be allocated on the basis of:
A. Direct labor hours
B. Direct labor costs
C. An activity basis which relates to cost incurrence
D. Machine hours
If a company uses a predetermined rate for the application of factory overhead,
the idle capacity variance is the:
A. Over or under applied variable cost element of overheads
B. Difference in budgeted costs and actual costs of fixed overheads items
C. Difference in budgeted cost and actual costs of variable overheads items
D. Over or under applied fixed cost element of overheads
Which of the following manufacturing operations, which is best, suited to the
utilization of a job order system?
A. Soft drink bottling operation
B. Crude oil refining
C. Plastic molding operation
D. Helicopter manufacturing
15. Which of the following is a characteristic of process cost accounting system?
A. Material, Labor and Overheads are accumulated by orders
B. Companies use this system if they process custom orders
C. Only Closing stock of work in process is restated in terms of completed units
D. Opening and Closing stock of work in process are related in terms of completed
units
m 80
Which cost accumulation procedure is best suited to a continuous mass
production process of similar units?
A. Job order costing
B. Standard costing
C. Actual costing
D. Process costing
17. Which of the following is an objective of cost accounting?
A. Provide information to management for decision making
B. Computation of cost per unit
C. Preparation of Financial Statement
D. Computation of relevant costs
Which of the following would be considered an external user of the firm's
accounting information?
President
Stockholder
Sales manager
Controller
19. Cost accounting concepts include all of the following EXCEPT:
Planning
Controlling
Sharing
Costing
20. The chief financial officer is also known as the:

m 81
Controller
Staff accountant
Auditor
Finance director
MGT402 Cost Accounting
Which of the following statement measures the financial position of the entity on
particular time?
Select correct option:
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Cash Flow Statement
Generally, the danger level of stock is fixed ________ the minimum level.
Below
Above
Equal
Danger level has no relation to minimum level
The Process of cost apportionment is carried out so that:

Cost may be controlled
m 82
Cost unit gather overheads as they pass through cost centers

Whole items of cost can be charged to cost centers
Common costs are shared among cost centers
The appropriate journal entry to transfer the cost of completed units from the Work in
Process account would involve a credit to Work in Process and a debit to which of the
following accounts?
Income Summary
Raw Materials Inventory
Finished Goods
Manufacturing Summary

Production Center
Service Center
General Cost Center
Head Office
Which of the following is/are reported in production cost report?

The costs charged to the department
How the costs were assigned to the output?
The equivalent units of production by the department
All of the given options (not 100% sure)
8 Direct materials cost is Rs. 80,000. Direct labor cost is Rs. 60,000. Factory overhead is
Rs. 90,000. Beginning goods in process were Rs. 15,000. The cost of goods manufactured
is Rs. 245,000. What is the cost assigned to the ending goods in process? Select correct
option:
Rs. 45,000
m 83
Rs. 15,000
Rs. 30,000
Solution:
Direct Material ---- 80,000 (Given)
Direct labor ------- 60,000 (Given)
FOH -------------- 90,000 (Given)
Open WIP------- 15,000
Total 245000 (cost of goods manufactured is also 245000 so balance is zero)
Sales are Rs. 450,000. Beginning finished goods were Rs. 23,000. Ending finished goods
are Rs. 30,000. The cost of goods sold is Rs. 300,000. What is the cost of goods
manufactured?
Rs. 323,000
Rs. 330,000
Rs. 293,000
Under Periodic Inventory system Purchase of inventory is treared as:

Assets
Expense
Income
Liability
When prices are rising over time, which of the following inventory costing methods will
result in the lowest gross margin/profits?
m 84
FIFO
LIFO
Weighted Average
The main difference between the profit center and investment center is:
Decision making
Revenue generation
Cost in currence
Investment
Which of the following is a characteristic of process cost accounting system?

Material, Labor and Overheads are accumulated by orders
Companies use this system if they process custom orders
Opening and Closing stock of work in process are related in terms of completed units
Only Closing stock of work in process is restated in terms of completed units
Reference
The Inventory Turn over ration is 5 times and numbers of days in a year is
365.Inventory holding period in days would be Select correct option:
100 days
73 days
days
days
15 Which of the following manufacturers is most likely to use a job order cost
accounting system?
A soft drink producer
m 85
A flour mill
A textile mill
A builder of offshore oil rigs
(see page # 131 of handouts (pdf file) under "Examples of industries using process
costing include". Bottling, flour, textile industries will use process costing, so the last
option "A builder of offshore oil rigs" should be correct as this industry will use job
order)
Just did my quiz. Here it is.

If you find any incorrect answer, kindly let everyone know about it.
Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 03:44:00 AM )

Which of the following is a point of differentiation between blanket rates and
department rates?
Blanket rate is a single overhead rate established for the entire factory
Department rates are separate overhead rates for all departments of factory
through which the products pass
Department rate is a single overhead rate established for the entire factory
Blanket rates are separate overhead rates for all departments of factory through which
the product passes
(I'm not 100% sure about this question, I selected option # 1, kindly see handouts,
page # 105(pdf file))
m 86
Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 03:45:19 AM ) Total Marks: 1

Production volume of 1,200 units cost incurred Rs. 10,000 and production volume
of 1,400 units cost incurred Rs.20, 000. The variable cost per unit would be? Select
correct option:
Rs. 50.00 per unit
Rs. 8.33 per unit
Rs. 14.20 per unit
Rs. 100 per unit
(I got confused in this question, what I'm getting:

variable cost per unit = total variable cost/total number of units produced
one solution could be;

in producing 1200 units, total cost incurred was 10000,
and in producing 1400 units, total cost incurred was 20000
1400 - 1200 = 200 units

20000 - 10000 = 10000 cost
which means when we produced 1200 units the total cost was 10000 but when we
increased production to 1400 units, the total cost increased to 20000, so the
difference (20000 - 10000 = 10000) should be of variable cost
now by dividing "total variable cost by quantity" i.e, 10000/200 = 50 per unit
but the confusion is in order to get variable cost per unit, we divide total variable
cost by total number of units produced, and total number of units in the above MCQ
seems to be 1400. if we divide 10000/1400 = 7.14 which is not in the options if we
divide 10000/2600 = 3.84 (not there in the options)
so i guess 50 per unit might be a correct answer. but please if anyone know about this
m 87
question, kindly explain it

Cost accounting concepts include all of the following EXCEPT:
Planning
Controlling
Sharing (see page # 10, this is the same MCQ on page # 10 of handouts)
Costing

The main purpose of cost accounting is to
Maximize profits
Provide information to management for decision making (again the same MCQ is on
handouts page # 9)
m 88

Over applied FOH will always result when a predetermined FOH rate is applied and:
Actual overhead costs are less than budgeted overhead

A spending variance for factory overhead is the difference between actual factory
overhead cost and factory overhead cost that should have been incurred for actual
hours worked and results from:
Price difference of FOH costs
Quantity differences of FOH costs
Price and quantity differences for FOH costs
m 89
Difference caused by production volume variations
(not sure, see handouts page # 121)

Period costs are
Related to specific Period
Not expensed
The cost of goods sold was Rs. 240,000. Beginning and ending inventory balances were
Rs. 20,000 and Rs. 30,000, respectively. What was the inventory turnover?
8.0 times
12.0 times
7.0 times
9.6 times
Inventory turnover ratio = CGS/Average inventory

inventory turnover ratio = 240000/25000 = 9.6times
average inventory = opening inventory + closing inventory / 2
If opening inventory of material is Rs.20,000 and closing inventory is Rs. 40,000.the

Average inventory amount will be:
m 90
Rs. 40,000
Rs. 30,000
Rs. 20,000
Rs. 10,000


An organistation sold units 4000 and have closing finished goods 3500 units and
opening finished goods units were 1000.The quantity of unit produced would be:
7500 units
6500 units
4500 units
8500 units
Solution:
Number of units manufactured/produced = units sold + closing balance of
finished goods units - opening balance of finished goods units
number of units produced/manufactured = 4000 + 3500 - 1000 = 6500
Where the applied FOH cost is less than the actual FOH cost it is:
m 91
Unfavorable variance
Favorable variance
Normal variance
Budgeted variance
Examples of industries that would use process costing include all of the following
EXCEPT:
Beverages
Food
Hospitality
Petroleum
The flux method of labor turnover denotes:

Workers appointed against the vacancy caused due to discharge or quitting of the
organization
The flux method of labor turnover denotes the total change in the composition of labor
force.While replacement method takes into account only workers appointed against the
vacancy caused due to discharge or quitting of the organisation.
A worker is paid Rs. 0.50 per unit and he produces 18 units in 7 hours. Keeping in view
the piece rate system, the total wages of the worker would be: Select correct option:
m 92
18 x 7 x 0.50 = Rs. 63
18 x 0.50 = Rs. 9
18 x 7 = Rs. 126
7 x 0.5 = Rs. 3.5
All of the following are essential requirements of a good wage system EXCEPT:
Reduced overhead costs
Reduced per unit variable cost
Increased production
Increased operating costs
The components of the prime cost are:
Direct Material + Direct Labor + Other Direct Cost
Direct Labor + Other Direct Cost + FOH
Direct Labor + FOH
If, Gross profit = Rs. 40,000 GP Margin = 25% of sales What will be the value of cost of
goods sold?
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 120,000
m 93
Rs. 40,000
Simple Look: Opportunity cost is the best example of:
Sunk Cost
Standard Cost
Relevant Cost
Irrelevant Cost
Which of the following is an example of Statutory deductions:
Deduction as Income Tax
Deduction as social security
Subscriptions to a trade union
None of the given
By useing table method where---------------- is equal, that point is called Economic

order quanity.
Ordering cost
Carrying cost
Ordering and carrying cost
m 94
Per unit order cost
Which of the following statement is TRUE about FOH applied rates?
They are used to control overhead costs
They are based on actual data for each period
They are predetermined in advance for each period
None of the given
Annual requirement is 7800 units; consumption per week is 150 units. Unit price Rs 5,
order cost Rs 10 per order. Carrying cost Rs 1 per unit and lead time is 3 week, The
Economic order quantity would be:
395 units
300 units
units
units
Period costs are
m 95
Not expensed
1). Fixed cost per unit decreases when:
Production volume increases.
Production volume decreases.
Variable cost per unit decreases.
Variable cost per unit increases.
2). Prime cost + Factory overhead cost is:
Conversion cost.
Production cost.
Total cost.
None of given option.
3). Find the value of purchases if Raw material consumed Rs. 90,000; Opening and
closing stock of raw material is Rs. 50,000 and 30,000 respectively.
Rs. 10,000
Rs. 20,000
Rs. 70,000
Rs. 1,60,000
m 96
4). If Cost of goods sold = Rs. 40,000
Calculate the Gross profit margin.
Rs. 32,000
Rs. 48,000
Rs. 8,000
Rs. 10,000
5).______________ method assumes that the goods received most recently in the stores
or produced recently are the first ones to be delivered to the requisitioning department.
FIFO
Weighted average method
Most recent price method
LIFO
Fill in the blanks: (5 x 1)
1). Indirect cost that is incurred in producing product or services but which can not
traced in full.
2 Sunk cost is the cost that incurred or expended in the past which can not be
retrieved.
3). Conversion cost = Direct Labor + FOH
m 97
4). If cost of goods sold Rs. 20,000 and Sales Rs. 50,000 then Gross Markup Rate is
150%
5). Under Perpetual system, a complete and continuous record of movement of each
inventory item is maintained.
Cost of production report is a _________________.
Financial statement
Production process report
Order sheet
There are ___________ parts of cost of production report.
4
5
th
6 ( 6 is concerned with calculation of loss)
7
Which one of the organization follows the cost of production report

_________________?
Textile unit
Chartered accountant firm
Poultry forming
None of the given option.
m 98
_____________________ part of cost of production report explains the cost incurred

during the process.
Quantity schedule
Cost accounted for as follow
Cost charge to the department
None of given option
Solve the question 5 to 7. If units put in the process 7,000, units completed and transfer
out 5,000. Units still in process (100% Material, 50% Conversion cost). 500 units were
lost. Cost incurred during the process Material and Labor Rs. 50,000 and 60,000.
Find the number of units that will appear in quantity schedule
5,750
7,000
5,000
6,500
Find the value of per unit cost of both material and conversion cost
Material 7.69; Conversion cost 10.43

m 99
Find the value of cost transferred to next department:
Rs. 57,500
Rs. 50,000
Rs. 70,000
8. In case of second department find the increase of per unit cost in case of unit lost.
Cost received from previous department is Rs. 1,40,000.
1.43
(2.13)
1.54
1.67
Opening work in process inventory can be calculated under
FIFO and Average costing

LIFO and Average costing
FIFO and LIFO costing
10 _________________ needs further processing to improve its marketability.
By product
Joint Product
Augmented product
None of the given option
Jan 1; finished goods inventory of Manuel Company was $3, 00,000. During the year
m 100
Manuel’s cost of goods sold was $19, 00,000, sales were $2, 000,000 with a 20% gross
profit. Calculate cost assigned to the December 31; finished goods inventory.
$ 4,00,000
$ 6,00,000
$ 16,00,000
None of given options
The main purpose of cost accounting is to:
Maximize profits.
The combination of direct material and direct labor is
Total production Cost
Prime Cost
Conversion Cost
Total manufacturing Cost
The cost expended in the past that cannot be retrieved on product or service
Relevant Cost
Sunk Cost
Product Cost
Irrelevant Cost
m 101
When a manufacturing process requires mostly human labor and there are widely
varying wage rates among workers, what is probably the most appropriate basis of
applying factory costs to work in process?
Machine hours
Cost of materials used
Direct labor hours
Direct labor dollars
A typical factory overhead cost is:
distribution
internal audit
compensation of plant manager
design
An industry that would most likely use process costing procedures is:
tires
home construction
printing
aircraft
q.
8. Complete the following table
m 102
Per unit Total
Variable cost
Constant, Decrease
Decrease, Decrease
Increase, Increase
Increase, Decrease
The Kennedy Corporation uses Raw Material Z in a manufacturing process.

Information as to balances on hand, purchases and requisitions of Raw Material Z is
given below:
Jan. 1 Balance: 200 lbs. @ $1.50

08 Received 500 lbs. @ $1.55
18 Issued 100 lbs.
25 Issued 260 lbs.
30 Received 150 lbs. @ $1.60
If a perpetual inventory record of Raw Material Z is maintained on a FIFO basis, it will

show a month end inventory of:
$240
$784
$759
$767
A disadvantage of an hourly wage plan is that it:
m 103
Provides no incentive for employees to achieve and maintain a high level

of production.
Is hardly ever used and is difficult to apply.
Establishes a definite rate per hour for each employee.
Encourages employees to sacrifice quality in order to maximize earnings.
Find out correct option from given MCQs & put your answer in above table:
A manufacturing company manufactures a product which passes through two
departments. 10,000 units were put in process. 9,400 units were completed &
transferred to department-II. 400 units (1/2 complete) were in process at the end
of month. Remaining 200 units were lost during processing. Costs incurred by the
department were as follows:
Particulars Rs.
Direct Materials 19,400
Direct Labor 24,250
Apportionment of the Accumulated Cost/Total Cost accounted for, for the month in
CPR
____________
Rs. 24,250 Approximately

m 104
MCQ # 2 and 3 are based on the following data:
Allied chemical company reported the following production data for its department:
Particulars Units
Received in from department –1 55,000
Transferred out department –3 39,500
In process (1/3 labor & overhead) 10,500
All materials were put in process in Department No. 1. Costing department collected
following figures for department No. 2: Particulars Rs.
Unit cost received in 1.80, Labor cost in department No.2 27,520.
Applied overhead in Department No. 2 15,480
2. Equivalent units of labor & FOH are _________
3,500 units
39,500 units
43,000 units
m 105
d. None of the given options
3. Unit cost of lost unit after adjustment (by using any method) _________
Rs. 0.64
Rs. 0.36
Rs. 0.18
MCQ # 4, 5 and 6 are based on the following data:
In Department No. 315 normal production losses are discovered at the end of process.
During January 2007 following costs were charged to Department 315:
Particulars Rs.
Direct Labor 20,000
Manufacturing overhead 10,000
Cost from preceding department 96,000
Data of production quantities is as follows:
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Particulars Units
Received in 12,000
Transferred out 7,000
Normal Production Loss 1,000
Partly processed units in Department No. 315 were completed 50%.
Cost of normal loss (where normal loss is discovered at the end of process)
_________:
Rs. 14,000
Rs. 44,000
Rs. 1, 12,000
5. Equivalent units of material __________
2,000 units
7,000 units
10,000 units
6. Unit cost of Direct Labor__________

m 107
Rs. 1
Rs. 2
Rs. 3
During January, Assembling department received 60,000 units from preceding

department at a unit cost of Rs. 3.54. Costs added in the assembly department were:
Particulars Rs.
Materials 41,650
Labor 101,700
Factory overheads 56,500
There was no work in process beginning inventory.
Particulars Units
Units from preceding department 60,000
Units transferred out 50,000
Units in process at the end of month
(all materials, 2/3converted)
9,000 Units lost (1/2 completed as to materials & conversion cost ) 1,000
m 108
The entire loss is considered abnormal & is to be charged to factory overhead.
Equivalent units of material __________
9,000 units
56,500 units
59,500 units
For which one of the following industry would you recommend a Job Order Costing
system?
Oil Refining
Grain dealing
Beverage production
Law Cases
For which one of the following industry would you recommend a Process Costing
system?
Grain dealer
Television repair shop
Law office
Auditor
m 109
10. The difference between total revenues and total variable costs is known as:
Contribution margin
Gross margin
Operating income
Fixed costs
Percentage of Margin of Safety can be calculated in which one of the following ways?
a. Based on budgeted Sales
b. Using budget profit
c. Using profit & Contribution ratio
d. All of the given options
12. Which of the following represents a CVP equation?
Sales = Contribution margin (Rs.) + Fixed expenses + Profits
Sales = Contribution margin ratio + Fixed expenses + Profits
Sales = Variable expenses + Fixed expenses + profits
Sales = Variable expenses – Fixed expenses + profits
m 110
If 120 units produced, 100 units were sold @ Rs. 200 per unit. Variable cost related to
production & selling is Rs. 150 per unit and fixed cost is Rs. 5,000. If the management
wants to decrease sales price by 10%, what will be the effect of decreasing unit sales
price on profitability of company? (Cost & volume profit analysis keep in your mind
while solving it) http://vustudents.ning.com
Remains constant
Profits will increased
Company will have to face losses
wants to increase sales price by 10%, what will be increasing sales profit of company by
increasing unit sales price. (Cost & volume profit analysis keep in your mind while
solving it)
Rs.2,000
Rs. 5,000
Rs. 7,000
m 111
MCQ # 15, 16, 17 and 18 are based on the following data:
The following is the Corporation's Income Statement for last month:
Particulars Rs.
Sales 4,000,000
Less: variable expenses 2,800,000
Contribution margin 1,200,000
Less: fixed expenses 720,000
Net income 480,000
The company has no beginning or ending inventories. A total of 80,000 units were
produced and sold last month.
What is the company's contribution margin ratio? a.
30%
70%
150%
16. What is the company's break-even in units?
m 112
48,000 units
72,000 units
80,000 units
How many units would the company have to sell to attain target profits of Rs.
600,000?
88,000 units
100,000 units
106,668 units
18. What is the company's margin of safety in Rs?
Rs. 480,000
Rs. 1,600,000
Rs. 2,400,000
19. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true?
m 113
A manufacturer of ink cartridges would ordinarily use process costing rather than job-
order costing
If a company uses a process costing system it accumulates costs by processing

department rather than by job
The output of a processing department must be homogeneous in order to use process

costing
20. Which of the following statements is (are) true?
a. Companies that produce many different products or services are more likely to use
job-order costing systems than process costing systems
b. Job-order costing systems are used by manufactures only and process costing
systems are used by service firms only
c. Job-order costing systems are used by service firms and process costing systems are
used by manufacturers
21. Product cost is normally:
Higher in Absorption costing than Marginal costing
Higher in Marginal costing than Absorption costing
Equal in both Absorption and Marginal costing
m 114
Using absorption costing, unit cost of product includes which of the following
combination of costs?
a. Direct materials, direct labor and fixed overhead
b. Direct materials, direct labor and variable overhead
c. Direct materials, direct labor, variable overhead and fixed overhead
d. Only direct materials and direct labor
23. Marginal costing is also known as:
a. Indirect costing
b. Direct costing
c. Variable costing
d. Both (b) and (c)
MCQ # 24 & 25 are based on the following data:
The following data related to production of ABC Company:
Units produced 1,000 units
Direct materials Rs.6
Direct labor Rs.10
m 115
Fixed overhead Rs.6000
Variable overhead Rs.6
Fixed selling and administrative Rs.2000
Variable selling and administrative Rs.2
Using the data given above, what will be the unit product cost under absorption
costing?
Rs. 22
Rs. 28
Rs. 30
Using the data given above, what will be the unit product cost under marginal
costing?
Rs. 22
Rs. 24
Rs. 28
26. The break-even point is the point where:
m 116
Total sales revenue equals total expenses (variable and fixed)
Total contribution margin equals total fixed expenses
Total sales revenue equals to variable expenses only
Both a & b
27. The break-even point in units is calculated using_______
Fixed expenses and the contribution margin ratio
Variable expenses and the contribution margin ratio
Fixed expenses and the unit contribution margin
Variable expenses and the unit contribution margin
28. The margin of safety can be defined as:
The excess of budgeted or actual sales over budgeted or actual variable expenses
The excess of budgeted or actual sales over budgeted or actual fixed expenses
The excess of budgeted sales over the break-even volume of sales
The excess of budgeted net income over actual net income
The contribution margin ratio is calculated by using which one of the given formula?
m 117
(Sales - Fixed Expenses)/Sales
(Sales - Variable Expenses)/Sales
(Sales - Total Expenses)/Sales
Data of a company XYZ is given below
Particulars Rs.
Sales 15,00,000
Variable cost 9,00,000
Fixed Cost 4,00,000
Break Even Sales in Rs. __________
Rs. 1, 00,000
Rs. 2, 00,000
Rs. 13, 00,000
Mr. Zahid received Rs. 100,000 at the time of retirement. He has invested in a profitable
Avenue. From Company A, he received the dividend of 35% and from Company B
he received the dividend of 25%. He has selected Company A for investment. His
opportunity cost will be:
35,000
25,000
10,000
m 118
55,000
In increasing production volume situation, the behavior of Fixed cost & Variable cost
will be:
Increases, constant
Constant, increases
Increases, decreases
Decreases, increases
While calculating the finished goods ending inventory, what would be the formula to
calculate per unit cost?
Cost of goods sold / number of units sold

Cost of goods to be manufactured / number of units manufactured
Cost of goods manufactured / number of units manufactured
Total manufacturing cost / number of units manufactured
If the direct labor is Rs. 42,000 and FOH is 40% of conversion cost. What will be the
amount of FOH?
63,000
30,000
28,000
16,800
Which one of the following centers is responsible to earns sales revenue?
Cost center
Investment center
Revenue center
Profit center
Which one of the following cost would not be termed as Product Costs?
m 119
Indirect Material
Direct Labor
Administrative Salaries
Plant supervisor’s Salary
Which of the following ratios expressed that how many times the inventory is turning
over towards the cost of goods sold?
Inventory backup ratio

Inventory turnover ratio
Inventory holding period
Both A & B
When opening and closing inventories are compared, if ending inventory is more than
opening inventory, it means that:
Increase in inventory
Decrease in inventory
Both a and b
The total labor cost incurred by a manufacturing entity includes which one of the
following elements?
Direct labor cost

Indirect labor cost
Abnormal labor cost
m 120
If,
Opening stock 1,000 units
Material Purchase 7,000 units
Closing Stock 500 units
Material consumed Rs. 7,500
What will be the inventory turnover ratio?
a) 10 Times
b) 12 times
c) 14.5 times
d) 9.5 times
Cost & Management Accounting (mgt402) Solution to Quiz 02
Special Semester 2007
(Total Marls 1 x 15 = 15)
1. A manufacturing company manufactures a product which passes through two
m 121
Particulars Rs.
Direct Labor 24,250
Equivalent units of material, for the month in CPR ____________
200 units
9400 units
9600 units
Particulars Units

m 122
following figures for department No. 2:
Particulars Rs.
Unit cost received in 1.80
Labor cost in department No.2 27,520
2. Equivalent units of Material are _________
3,500 units
39,500 units
43,000 units
None of the given options Cost & Management Accounting (mgt402) Solution to Quiz
02
3. Unit cost used for transferred out _________
Rs. 0.64
Rs. 0.36
Rs. 0.18
m 123

Particulars Rs.
Materials 41,650
Labor 101,700
Particulars Units
9,000
Units lost (1/2 completed as to materials & conversion cost ) 1,000
Cost transferred to next department __________
m 124
Rs. 55,703.3 App.
Rs. 356,546.6 App.
Rs. 412,249.9 App.
Particulars Rs.
Sales 4,000,000
Net income 1480,000Cost & Management Accounting (mgt402) Solution to

Quiz 02
m 125
5. What is the company's contribution margin ratio?
30%
50%
150%
48,000 units
72,000 units
80,000 units
How many units would the company have to sell to attain target profits of Rs.600,000?
48,000 units
88,000 units
106,668 units
m 126
Rs. 1,600,000
Rs. 2,400,000
Rs. 25,60,000
Direct labor Rs.10
Fixed overhead Rs.20,000
Variable overhead Rs.6 Cost & Management Accounting (mgt402) Solution

to Quiz 02
m 127
costing?
Rs. 32
Rs. 30
Rs. 25
costing?
Rs. 22
Rs. 24
Rs. 28
Mr. Zahid received Rs. 100,000 at the time of retirement. He has invested in a
profitable Avenue. From Company A, he received the dividend of 35% and from
Company B he received the dividend of 25%. He has selected Company A for
investment. His opportunity cost will be:
35,000
25,000
10,000
m 128
55,000
will be:
Increases, constant
Constant, increases

amount of FOH?
63,000
30,000
28,000
16,800
Cost center
Investment center
Revenue center
Profit center
While preparing the Cost of Goods Sold and Income Statement, the over applied
FOH is;
Add back, subtracted
Subtracted, add back
Add back, add back
Subtracted, subtracted
Which of the following ratios expressed that how many times the inventory is
turning over towards the cost of goods sold?
m 129
Net profit ratio

Gross profit ratio
When opening and closing inventories are compared, if ending inventory is more
than opening inventory, it means that:
Both a and b
following elements:
Direct labor cost

Indirect labor cost
Abnormal labor cost
If,
10 Times
12 times
14.5 times
9.5 times
If Units sold = 10,000
m 130
Closing finished goods = 2,000
Opening finished goods = 1,500
What will be the value of units manufactured?
9,500
10,500
13,500
6,500
Calculate the amount of direct labor if:

Direct material = 15,000
Direct labor = 70% of prime cost
6,429
30,000
10,500
35,000
Material cost = 4.00 per unit

Labor cost = 0.60 per unit
Factory overhead cost = 1.00 per unit
Administrative cost = 1.20 per unit
Selling cost = 15% of sales
m 131
Profit = 1.02 per unit
What will be the sales price per unit?
6.0
9.2
7.0
ABC & Company has maintained the following data of inventory control Under the
periodic inventory system:
Date Units Total
Jan 01 100 @ 10 1000
Jan 05 100 @ 11 1100
Jan 10 150 @ 12 1600
During the period 300 units were sold. Calculate the cost of ending inventory under
FIFO method.
600
500
400
300
m 132
National chains of tyre fitters stock a popular tyre for which the following
information is available:
Average usage = 140 tyres per day
Minimum usage = 90 tyres per day
Maximum usage = 175 tyres per day
Lead time = 10 to 16 days
Re-order quantity = 3000 tyres
Based on the above data calculate the maximum level of stock possible:
2800
3000
4900
5800
Fill in the blanks:
Irrelevant costs are those costs that would not affect the current management
decision.
Increase in inventory means closing inventory is greater than the opening inventory.
Weighted average cost is used to determine the value of cost of consumption and
ending inventory.
The total amount earned in a week or month by an employee is called gross pay.
m 133
The method of remuneration in which a worker is paid on the basis of production

and not time taken by him to perform the work is called piece rate wage.
A cost that remains unchanged across the relevant range of units produced is what
kind of cost?
a) Fixed cost b)
Product cost c)
Mixed cost d)
Period cost
A company has the following cost data for the month:

Conversion cost: Rs. 78,900
Prime Cost: Rs. 115,700
Beginning Work in Process Inventory: Rs. 4,700
Ending Work in Process Inventory: Rs. 2,800
Beginning Finished Goods Inventory: Rs. 27,600
Ending Finished Goods Inventory: Rs. 29,200
Manufacturing Overhead Costs: Rs. 14,500
What is the Cost of Goods Sold for the month?
Rs. 132,100
Rs. 116,000
Rs. 130,200
Rs. 130,500
_____________________ is a part of cost of production report that explains the cost
incurred during the process.
m 134
Quantity schedule
Cost charged to the department
Under Absorption Costing, Fixed Manufacturing Overheads are:

Absorbed into Cost units
Charged to the Profit and Loss account
Treated as period cost
A company makes one product, which has variable manufacturing costs of Rs.3.25
per unit and variable selling and administrative costs of Rs. 1.17 per unit. Fixed
manufacturing costs are Rs. 42,300 per month and fixed selling and administrative
costs are Rs. 29,900 per month. The company wants to earn an average monthly
profit of Rs. 15,000 and they expect to produce and sell an average of 40,000 units
of the product per month. What is the minimum selling price management can be
expected to set to meet their profitability goals?
Rs. 4.69
Rs. 4.42
Rs. 6.60
Rs. 6.23
Question 6 to 8 will be based on the data given below:
Units put in the process 7,000
Units completed and transferred out 5,000
Units still in process (100% Material, 50% Conversion cost)
500 units were lost during process
m 135
Cost incurred during the process Material and Labor Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 60,000.
By using the above information, find out the number of units that will appear in
quantity schedule.
5,750
7,000
5,000
6,500
Find out the value of per unit cost of both material and conversion cost.

Rs. 5750
Rs. 5000
Rs. 7000
Rs. 6500 or None of the given options
Opening work in process inventory can be calculated under which of the following
method?
m 136
_________________ needs further processing to improve its marketability.
By product
Joint Product
Augmented product
The contribution margin increases when sales volume and price remain
the same and:
Variable cost per unit decreases
Variable cost per unit increases
Fixed costs per unit increase
2) The main difference between the incremental and marginal cost is that:
The marginal cost changes for every next unit of production
Incremental cost does not show any change for any level of activity
m 137
The marginal cost changes for a certain level of activity
There is no difference between marginal cost and incremental cost
3) An example of an inventoriable cost would be:
Shipping fees
Advertising flyers
Sales commissions
Direct materials
4) Service entities provide services of _______ to their customers.
Tangible products
Intangible products
Both tangible and intangible products
Services can not be intangible
T Corp. had net income before taxes of Rs. 200,000 and sales of Rs.
2,000,000. If it is in the 50% tax bracket, its profit margin would be:
5%
12%
20%
m 138
d) 25%
Direct materials cost is Rs. 80,000. Direct labor cost is Rs. 60,000.
Factory overhead is Rs. 90,000. Beginning goods in process were Rs.
15,000. The cost of goods manufactured is Rs. 245,000. What is the cost
assigned to the ending goods in process?
Rs. 45,000
Rs. 15,000
Rs. 30,000
A firm had Rs. 200,000 in sales, Rs. 120,000 of goods available for sale, an
ending finished goods inventory of Rs. 20,000. Selling and
Administrative expenses are Rs. 55,000. Which of the following is true?
Net income was 22.5% of sales
The cost of goods sold was Rs. 100,000
The gross profit was Rs. 100,000
8) A complete set of Financial Statements for Hanery Company, at
December 31, 1999, would include each of the following, EXCEPT:

m 139
Balance sheet as of December 31, 1999
Income statement for the year ended December 31, 1999
Statement of projected cash flows for 2000
Notes containing additional information that is useful in interpreting the
Financial Statements
The FIFO inventory costing method (when using under perpetual
inventory system) assumes that the cost of the earliest units purchased
is allocated in which of the following ways?
Heavenly Interiors had beginning merchandise inventory of Rs. 75,000. It
made purchases of Rs. 160,000 and recorded sales of Rs. 220,000 during
November. Its estimated gross profit on sales was 30%. On November 30,
the store was destroyed by fire. What was the value of the merchandise
inventory loss?
m 140
Rs. 154,000
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 235,000
Rs. 81,000
11) Inventory control aims at:
Which of the following is a factor that should be taken into account for
fixing re-order level?
Average consumption
Emergency lead time
Danger level
13) EOQ is a point where:
a) Ordering cost is equal to carrying cost

m 141
Inventory of Rs. 96,000 was purchased during the year. The cost of
goods sold was Rs. 90,000 and the ending inventory was Rs. 18,000.
What was the inventory turnover ratio for the year?
5.0
5.3
6.0
6.4
While deducting Income Tax from the gross pay of the employee, the
employer acts as a (an) _________________for Income Tax Department.
Agent of his own Company
16) A standard rate is paid to the employee when he completed his job:
m 142
In time less than the standard
In standard time
In time more than standard
Both In standard time or more than the standard time
Reduction of labor turnover, accidents, spoilage, waste and
absenteeism are the results of which of the following wage plan?
Piece rate plan
Time rate plan
Differential plan
Group bonus system
Grumpy & Dopey Ltd estimated that during the year 75,000 machine
hours would be used and it has been using an overhead absorption rate
of Rs. 6.40 per machine hour in its machining department. During the
year the overhead expenditure amounted to Rs. 472,560 and 72,600
machine hours were used. Which one of the following statements is
correct?

m 143
d) Overhead was over-absorbed by Rs.7,920
When loss of time due to unavoidable interruptions is deducted from
theoretical capacity the remainder is:
Normal capacity
Practical capacity
Expected capacity
A business always absorbs its overheads on labor hours. In the 8th
period, 18,000 hours were worked, actual overheads were Rs. 279,000
and there was Rs. 36,000 over-absorption. The overhead absorption rate
per hours was:
Rs. 15.50
Rs. 17.50
Rs. 18.00
Rs. 13.50
m 144
If computational and record-keeping costs are about the same under
both FIFO and weighted average, which of the following method will
generally be preferred?
Weighted Average
FIFO
2) Which of the following is the best definition of a by-product?
A by-product is a product arising from a process where the wastage rate is
higher than a defined level
A by-product is a product arising from a process where the sales
value is insignificant by comparison with that of the main product or
products
unpredictable
A by-product is a product arising from a process where the sales value is
significant by comparison with that of the main product or products
3) When two products are manufactured during a common process, the
factor that determine whether the products are joint product or one
m 145
main product and one is by product is the:
Potential marketability for each product
Amount of work expended in the production of each product
Relative total sales value of each product
Management policy
Good Job Plc makes one product which sells for Rs. 80 per unit. Fixed
costs are Rs. 28,000 per month and marginal costs are Rs. 42 a unit.
What sales level in units will provide a profit of Rs. 10,000?
350 units
667 units
1,000 units
1,350 units
Hyde Park Company produces sprockets that are used in wheels. Each
sprocket sells for Rs. 50 and the company sells approximately 400,000
sprockets each year. Unit cost data for the year follows:
Direct labor Rs. 10

m 146
Other costs:
Manufacturing
Distribution
Fixed
Rs. 5
Rs. 4
Variable
Rs. 7
Rs. 3
The unit cost of sprockets for direct cost inventory purposes is:
Rs. 44
Rs. 37
Rs. 32
Rs. 35
Janet sells a product for Rs.6.25. The variable costs are Rs.3.75. Janet's
break-even units are 35,000. What is the amount of fixed costs?
Rs. 87,500
Rs. 35,000
Rs.131,250
m 147
d) Rs. 104,750
A firm, which makes yachts, has fixed costs of Rs. 260,000 per month.
The product sells for Rs. 35,000 per boat, and the variable costs of
production are Rs. 15,000 per boat. The boatyard can manufacture 20
boats each month. What is the firms’ margin of safety at the moment?
20%
35%
54%
57%
Which of the following is not one of the requirements of the general
principles of budgeting?
Responsibility for forecasting costs must be clearly defined
Changes are not to be made just because more favorable results are
foreseeable
Accountability for actual results must be enforced
Goals must be realistic and possible to attain
If B Limited shows required production of 120 cases of product for the
month, direct labor per case is 3 hours at Rs. 12 per hour. Budgeted labor
costs for the month should be:
m 148
360 hours
Rs. 1,440
Rs. 4,320
Rs. 5,346
Which of the following is not an explanation for rising profit levels at the
same time as a cash shortage?
Rapid expansion sales and output
Repayment of loan
Purchase of new premises
Disposal of fixed assets for profit
m 149
(Question 2-a) (10 x 1=10)
From the following information calculate the Maximum stock level, Minimum stock
level, Re-ordering level and Danger stock level;-
(a) Average consumption 300 units per day
(b) Maximum consumption 400 units per day
(c) Minimum consumption 200 units per day
(d) Re-order quantity 3,600 units
(e) Re-order period 10 to 15 days
(f) Emergency Re-order 13 days

period
(1.25x4=5)
Solution:
Order Level = Maximum Consumption x Lead Time (maximum)
= 400 x 15 = 6,000
Maximum level =Order level – (Minimum consumption x Lead time) + EOQ
= 6,000 – (200 x 10) + 3,600 = 7,600
m 150
Minimum Level = Order level— (Average consumption x lead time)
= 6,000 – (300 x 12.5) = 2,250
Danger Level = Average consumption x Emergency time
= 300 x 13 = 3,900
(Question 2-b)
Following data are available with respect to a certain material.
Annual requirement 1200 units
Cost to place an order Rs 3.00
Annual interest rate 5%
Per unit cost. Rs 5.00
m 151
Annual carrying cost per unit Rs 0.25
Required:
Economic order quantity
Number of orders per year
Frequency of orders
(2+1.5+1.5=5)
Solution:
1/2
(1) EOQ = (2 x 1200 x 3/0.25 + 5% of 5)
= 120 units
(2) No of order = Annual order/order size
1200/120
10
Frequency of orders= No of days in a year / No of order
= 360/10
m 152
= 36days
Solution
(a) GOGO Manufacturing Company
Income Statement
For the period ended June 30, 2006.
Descriptions Rs. Rs. Rs.
Sales 250000
Less: Cost of Goods Sold
Opening Inventory of Raw Material 10000
Add: purchases 150000
Cost of material available for used 160000
Less: Closing inventory of Raw Material 20000
Cost of Material Used/Consumed 140000
Add: Direct Labour Cost 20000
Prime Cost 160000
Add: Factory overhead applied(20000*50/100) 10000
Total Factory Cost/Cost of Manufacturing 170000
Add: Opening Inventory of W.I.P. 10000
Total Cost put into process 180000
Less Closing Inventory of W.I.P. 20000
Cost of Goods Manufactured (at normal) 160000
Add: Opening Inventory of Finished Goods 10000
Cost of goods available for sale 170000
Less: Ending Inventory of Finished Goods 20000
Cost of Goods Sold (At Normal) 150000
Add: Under applied FOH 789
Cost of Goods Sold (At Actual) 150789
Gross Profit 99,211
Less: Operating Expenses
Selling Expenses 5000
Administrative expenses 4000 9000
Net Income 90,211
m 154
Calculation of under or over applied FOH
Applied FOH 10000
Actual FOH
Power, heat and light 2500
Indirect material consumed 2500
Depreciation of plant 3000
Indirect labor 2000
Other manufacturing expenses 1000 11000
Under applied FOH 1000
m 155
m 156
Q1. S.P Johns Corporation is a manufacturing concern. Following is the receipts &
issues record for the month of January, 2006.
Date Receipts Issues
Jan 1 Opening Balance 100@ 40
Jan 8 200 units @ Rs. 45/unit
Jan 11 150 units
Jan 13 Inventory lost 50 units
Jan 20 150 units
Required: Find the value of ending inventory by preparing Material Ledger card
under Perpetual and Periodic inventory system based on the above
information using each of the following methods:
DATE RECEIPTS ISSUES BALANCE
m 157
Qty Rate Amount Qty Rate Amount Qty Rate Amount
Jan 1 100 40 4,000 100 40 4,000
Jan 8 200 45 9,000 100 40 4,000
200 45 9,000
Jan 11 100 40 4,000
50 45 2,250 150 45 6750
Jan 13 50 45 2,250 100 45 4,500
Jan 16 50 60 3,000 100 45 4,500
50 60 3,000
Jan 18 100 70 7,000 100 45 4,500
50 60 3,000
100 70 7,000
Jan 20 100 45 4500 100 70 7,000
50 60 3,000
m 158
7,000 7,500 7,000
Jan 1 100 40 4,000 100 40 4,000
Jan 8 200 45 9,000 300 43.33 13,000
Jan 11 150 43.33 6500.5 150 43.33 6500.5
Jan 13 50 43.33 2166.5 100 43.34 4334
Jan 16 50 60 3,000 150 49 7334
Jan 18 100 70 7,000 250 57.3 14,334
Jan 20 150 57.3 8595 100 57.39 5739
5739
Solution – Assignment 3
Cost & Management Accounting
Over applied / Under applied
m 159
Actual FOH Rs. 2,00,000
Less Applied FOH 2,25,000
Over applied
(ii) Capacity Variance

Applied/Absorbed factory overhead Rs. 2,25,000
Less Budgeted factory overhead for capacity attained 2,05,000
Favorable 20,000
Budget Variance
Budgeted factory overhead for capacity attained Rs. 2,05,000
Less Actual factory overhead 2,00,000
Favorable 5,000
Applied FOH
Applied FOH x Actual hours
1,80,000 / 20,000 x 25,000 = 2,25,000
Budgeted FOH for capacity attain
m 160
Fixed FOH Rs. 80,000
Variable FOH 1,00,000 / 20,000 x 25,000 = 1,25,000
Solution Assignment – 4
JV Company
Income statement -Direct costing
For the year ending, 19A
Rs. Rs.
Sales (80,000 units @7.00) 560,000
Direct material (100,000 units @1.50) 150,000
Direct labor (100,000 units @1.00) 100,000
Variable FOH (100,000 units@0.50) 50,000
Variable cost of goods manufactured 300,000
Beginning inventory ----------
Variable cost of goods available for 300,000

sale
Ending inventory (20,000 units @3.00) (60,000)
Variable cost of goods sold (240,000)
Gross contribution margin 320,000
m 161
Variable marketing and admin

expenses
(80,000 units @0.50) (40,000)
Contribution margin 280,000
Less fixed expenses:
Factory Overhead 150,000
Marketing and admin expenses 80,000
Total fixed expenses (230,000)
Operating income 50,000
Requirement # 1
Unit cost of the finished goods inventory, December 31:
Per unit Cost=Cost of Goods Manufactured (W-1) ÷ Units Manufactured (W-2)
Rs.706, 600 ÷ 4000 units
= Rs.176.65
Requirement # 2
m 162
Total Cost of the Finished Goods Inventory, December 31
Units in Finished Goods Inventory x Unit Cost (Requirement 01)
420 Units x Rs.176.65
= Rs.74, 193
Requirement # 3
Cost of Goods Sold:
Cost of Goods Manufactured (Working -1) Rs.706, 600
Add: Opening Finished Goods Inventory 48,600
------------------------------
Cost of goods available for sale Rs.755,200
Less: Closing Finished Goods Inventory 74,193
------------------------------
Cost of Goods Sold Rs.681, 007
Requirement #4
Gross Profit Total and the Gross Profit Per Unit:
Sales (3880 units x Rs.220) Rs.853, 600
Less: Cost of Goods Sold Rs.681, 007

m 163
-------------------------------
Gross Profit Rs.172, 593

-------------------------------
Gross Profit per Unit = Gross Profit ÷ Units Sold
Gross Profit per Unit = Rs.172, 593 ÷ 3880 units = Rs.44.483
WORKING NOTES:
(W-1)
Cost of Goods Manufactured:
Direct Materials:
Opening Material Inventory Rs.34, 200
Add: Material Purchased 364,000
Add: Freight in 8,600
------------
372,600
Less: Purchases Discount 5,200
------------
Net Purchases 367,400
---------------
Materials available for use 401,600
Less: Closing Material Inventory 49,300
--------------
Direct Material Used Rs.352, 300
Direct Labour Rs.162, 500
Factory Overhead:
Depreciation – Factory Equipment 21,350
Indirect Labour 83,400
Misc. Factory Overhead 47,900
------------
Total Factory Overhead Rs.152, 650
-------------------
Total Current Manufacturing Cost Rs.667, 450
Add: Opening work in process inventory 81,500
------------------
Cost of goods available for manufacturing Rs.748, 950
Less: Closing work in process inventory 42,350
-----------------
Cost of Goods Manufactured

Rs.706, 600
----------------
W-2
Units Manufactured:
Units Sold 3880

m 165
Add: Units in Closing Finished Goods Inventory 420
--------
Total Units to be accounted for 4300
Less: Units in Opening Finished Goods Inventory 300
--------
Units Manufactured 4000
m 166
JV Company
Income statement –Absorption costing
Rs. Rs. Rs.
Sales (80,000 units @7.00) 560,000
Direct material (100,000 units@1.50) 150,000
Direct labor (100,000 units@1.00) 100,000
Fixed FOH 150,000
Cost of goods manufactured 450,000
Beginning inventory ---------
Cost of goods available for sale 450,000
Ending inventory (20,000 units@4.50) (90,000)
Cost of goods sold at actual (360,000)
Gross profit 200,000
Marketing and admin expenses:
Fixed Marketing and Admin expenses 80,000
Variable Marketing and Admin

expenses
(80,000 units @0.50) 40,000
m 167
(120,000)
Segregation of Fixed and Variable cost is as follow:
Variable Cost Fixed Cost
19,600 4900
3731 1599
1080 120
----- 55,000
1250 11250
----- 50000
2000 -----
2254 960
4500 -----
5600 1400
5500 -----
3150 3150
48665 128385
a). Cost includes both fixed and variable cost. Variable cost varies with the level of
production. So variable cost will be different at cost and at break even point.
m 168
b). Break even sales / Sales price per unit = 2,11,333 / 800 = 264 students
c). Fixed cost / *Contribution margin ratio = 1,28,385 / 1- 48,665 / 1,24,000 = 1,28,385 /
0.6075
= Rs. 2,11,333
d). Fixed cost + Desired Profit / *Contribution margin per unit = 1,28,385 + 25000 / 800 –
314
315 students
e). Sales – B.E (S) / Sales x 100 = 1,24,000 – 2,11,333 / 1,24,000 x 100 = (70.43)
*Contribution Margin Ratio = 1- Variable cost / Sales
*Contribution Margin per unit = Sales price per unit - Variable cost per unit
*Variable cost per unit = 48,665 / 155 = Rs. 313
1. UNITS MANUFACTURED DURING YEAR:
Units
Units sold during year 8,000
Add: Ending finished goods units 2,000
Less: Opening finished goods units 1,800
Units manufactured during year 8,200
Complete The Foreman’s Estimate Of The Cost Of Work In Process
Proportion of FOH from direct labor = (16,000/20,000) x 100 = 80%
Value of FOH for Work in process ending Inventory = 1,000 x 80% = Rs. 800
Calculation for Work in Process ending Inventory:
Direct material cost Rs. 2,700
Direct Labor cost Rs. 1,000
FOH Rs. 800
Work in Process Ending Inventory Rs. 4,500
PREPARE A MANUFACTURING STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR
Particulars Amount (Rs.)
Direct material 30,000
Direct Labor 20,000
FOH 16,000
Total manufacturing cost 66,000
Solution:
Date Receipts Value of Stock Average Cost.
7- 200 units @ Rs. 200 x 150 =

Nov 150/unit 30,000 30,000 / 200 = 150
9- -- 75 x 150 = 11,250 30,000 - 11,250

Nov = 18,750 18,750 / 125 = 150
13- 150 units @ Rs. 15,000+ 18,750

Nov 100/unit = 33,750 33,750 / 275 = 122.7
15- 100 units @ Rs. 33,750 + 17,500

Nov 175/unit = 51,250 51,250 / 375 = 136.7
18- -- 250 x 136.7 = 34,175 51,250 - 34,175

Nov = 17,075 17,075 / 125 = 136.6
20- 100 x 136.6 = 13,660 17,075 - 13,660

Nov = 3,415 3,415 / 25 = 136.6
22- 300 units @ 37,500 + 3,415 =

Nov Rs.125/unit 40,915 40,915 / 325 = 125.9
24- -- 300 x 125.9 = 37,770 40,915 - 37,770

Nov = 3,145 3,145 / 25 = 125.8
27- 200 units @ Rs. 3,145 + 30,000 =

Nov 150/unit 33,145 33,145 / 225 = 147.3
30- -- 125 x 147.3 = 33,145 - 18,412 14,733 14,733 / 100 = 147.3
Nov 18,412.5 =
Value of Closing stock=14,733
Question # 02 (Marks: 05)
The ABC Company provides the following information:
Estimated requirements for next year: 2400 units
Per unit Cost: Rs. 1.50
Ordering Cost (per order): Rs. 20
Carrying Cost: 10%
From the above information you are required to calculate:

(a) Economic Order Quantity
(b)Prove your answer
Solution
EOQ= (2 X AR X OC/C)
1/2
(2 X 2400 X 20/10% OF 1.5)
800 UNITS
Average order Qty= order Qty/2
m 172
Order Required No of Total ordering Total Total

qty Units orders carrying cost cost
cost
600 2400 4 80 45 125
800 2400 3 60 60 120
1000 2400 2 40 75 115
1. An example of an inventoriable cost would be:
Shipping fees
Advertising flyers
Sales commissions
Direct materials
Direct materials cost is Rs. 80,000. Direct labor cost is Rs. 60,000. Factory overhead
is Rs. 90,000. Beginning goods in process were Rs. 15,000. The cost of goods
manufactured is Rs. 245,000. What is the cost assigned to the ending goods in
process?
Rs. 45,000
Rs. 15,000
Rs. 30,000
m 173
system) assumes that the cost of the earliest units purchased is allocated in which of
the following ways?

Its estimated gross profit on sales was 30%. On November 30, the store was destroyed
by fire. What was the value of the merchandise inventory loss?
Rs. 154,000
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 235,000
Rs. 81,000
m 174
Which of the following is a factor that should be taken into account for fixing re-
order level?
Average consumption
Emergency lead time
Danger level
Grumpy & Dopey Ltd estimated that during the year 75,000 machine hours would
be used and it has been using an overhead absorption rate of Rs. 6.40 per machine
hour in its machining department. During the year the overhead expenditure
amounted to Rs. 472,560 and 72,600 machine hours were used.
m 175
A business always absorbs its overheads on labor hours. In the 8th period, 18,000
hours were worked, actual overheads were Rs. 279,000 and there was Rs. 36,000 over-
absorption. The overhead absorption rate per hours was:
Rs. 15.50
Rs. 17.50
Rs. 18.00
Rs. 13.50
Maximize profits

12. Which of the following is a cost that changes in proportion to changes in volume?
Fixed cost
Sunk cost
m 176
Opportunity cost
Analyzing the data
Decision making
Revenue generation
Cost incurrence
a) Sunk Cost
m 177
Standard Cost
Relevant Cost
Irrelevant cost
profit?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 480,000
Rs. 640,000
Units sold
units
Normal Loss
Abnormal Loss

m 178
Income Statement
preferred?
A. Weighted Average
FIFO
B. Process Costing
C. Standard Costing

m 179
D. Supplies inventory
A complete set of Financial Statements for Nestle Company at December 31,
Statements
A. Remains constant
Decreases
Increases
Particulars Rs.
Freight in 20,000
A. Rs. 1,490,000
m 180
B. Rs. 1,390,000
C. Rs. 1,500,000
D. Rs. 1,590,000
A. Rs. 250,000
B. Rs. 260,000
C. Rs. 270,000
D. Rs. 280,000
A. Rs. 3,600
B. Rs. 3,000
C. Rs. 5,400
D. Rs. 9,000
m 181
A. Rs. 3,600
B. Rs. 3,000
C. Rs. 5,400
D. Rs. 9,000
A. Rs.5, 400, Rs.27, 600, Rs.3, 000
B. Rs.27,400, Rs. 3,600, Rs. 5,000
C. Rs. 5,400, Rs. 3,600, Rs. 27,000

m 182
D. Machine hours

m 183
units
B. Standard costing
C. Actual costing
D. Process costing
President
Stockholder
Sales manager
Controller
Planning
Controlling
Sharing
m 184
D. Costing
Controller
Staff accountant
Auditor
Finance director
MGT402 Cost Accounting
Which of the following statement measures the financial position of the entity on
particular time?
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Cash Flow Statement
Below
Above
Equal
m 185

The appropriate journal entry to transfer the cost of completed units from the Work in
Process account would involve a credit to Work in Process and a debit to which of the
following accounts?
Income Summary
Finished Goods

Production Center
Service Center
General Cost Center
Head Office

m 186
8 Direct materials cost is Rs. 80,000. Direct labor cost is Rs. 60,000. Factory overhead is
Rs. 90,000. Beginning goods in process were Rs. 15,000. The cost of goods manufactured
is Rs. 245,000. What is the cost assigned to the ending goods in process? Select correct
option:
Rs. 45,000
Rs. 15,000
Rs. 30,000
Solution:
FOH -------------- 90,000 (Given)
Open WIP------- 15,000
Total 245000 (cost of goods manufactured is also 245000 so balance is zero)
Sales are Rs. 450,000. Beginning finished goods were Rs. 23,000. Ending finished goods
are Rs. 30,000. The cost of goods sold is Rs. 300,000. What is the cost of goods
manufactured?
Rs. 323,000
Rs. 330,000
Rs. 293,000

Assets
Expense
Income
m 187
Liability
When prices are rising over time, which of the following inventory costing methods will
result in the lowest gross margin/profits?
FIFO
LIFO
Weighted Average
Decision making
Revenue generation
Cost in currence
Investment

Opening and Closing stock of work in process are related in terms of completed units
Only Closing stock of work in process is restated in terms of completed units
Reference
100 days
73 days
days
days
m 188
accounting system?
A flour mill
A textile mill
costing include". Bottling, flour, textile industries will use process costing, so the last
option "A builder of offshore oil rigs" should be correct as this industry will use job
order)
department rates?
Blanket rates are separate overhead rates for all departments of factory through which
the product passes

Production volume of 1,200 units cost incurred Rs. 10,000 and production volume
of 1,400 units cost incurred Rs.20, 000. The variable cost per unit would be? Select
correct option:
Rs. 50.00 per unit
m 189
Rs. 8.33 per unit
Rs. 14.20 per unit
Rs. 100 per unit

Planning
Controlling
Costing

Maximize profits
Provide information to management for decision making (again the same MCQ is on
handouts page # 9)
m 190

Over applied FOH will always result when a predetermined FOH rate is applied and:

m 191

Period costs are
Not expensed
The cost of goods sold was Rs. 240,000. Beginning and ending inventory balances were
Rs. 20,000 and Rs. 30,000, respectively. What was the inventory turnover?
8.0 times
12.0 times
7.0 times
9.6 times

If opening inventory of material is Rs.20,000 and closing inventory is Rs. 40,000.the
m 192
Average inventory amount will be:

Rs. 40,000
Rs. 30,000
Rs. 20,000
Rs. 10,000


7500 units
6500 units
4500 units
8500 units
Solution:
m 193
Favorable variance
Normal variance
Budgeted variance
EXCEPT:
Beverages
Food
Hospitality
Petroleum

organization
The flux method of labor turnover denotes the total change in the composition of labor
force.While replacement method takes into account only workers appointed against the
vacancy caused due to discharge or quitting of the organisation.
A worker is paid Rs. 0.50 per unit and he produces 18 units in 7 hours. Keeping in view
the piece rate system, the total wages of the worker would be: Select correct option:
m 194
18 x 7 x 0.50 = Rs. 63
18 x 0.50 = Rs. 9
18 x 7 = Rs. 126
7 x 0.5 = Rs. 3.5
Direct Labor + FOH
If, Gross profit = Rs. 40,000 GP Margin = 25% of sales What will be the value of cost of
goods sold?
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 120,000
m 195
Rs. 40,000
Sunk Cost
Standard Cost
Relevant Cost
Irrelevant Cost
None of the given

order quanity.
Ordering cost
Carrying cost
m 196
Per unit order cost
None of the given
Annual requirement is 7800 units; consumption per week is 150 units. Unit price Rs 5,
order cost Rs 10 per order. Carrying cost Rs 1 per unit and lead time is 3 week, The
Economic order quantity would be:
395 units
300 units
units
units
Period costs are
m 197
Not expensed
Production volume increases.
Production volume decreases.
Conversion cost.
Production cost.
Total cost.
3). Find the value of purchases if Raw material consumed Rs. 90,000; Opening and
closing stock of raw material is Rs. 50,000 and 30,000 respectively.
Rs. 10,000
Rs. 20,000
Rs. 70,000
Rs. 1,60,000
m 198
Rs. 32,000
Rs. 48,000
Rs. 8,000
Rs. 10,000
5).______________ method assumes that the goods received most recently in the stores
or produced recently are the first ones to be delivered to the requisitioning department.
FIFO
LIFO
Fill in the blanks: (5 x 1)
1). Indirect cost that is incurred in producing product or services but which can not
traced in full.
2 Sunk cost is the cost that incurred or expended in the past which can not be
retrieved.
m 199
4). If cost of goods sold Rs. 20,000 and Sales Rs. 50,000 then Gross Markup Rate is
150%
5). Under Perpetual system, a complete and continuous record of movement of each
inventory item is maintained.
Financial statement
Order sheet
4
5
th
6 ( 6 is concerned with calculation of loss)
7
Which one of the organization follows the cost of production report

_________________?
Textile unit
Poultry forming
None of the given option.
m 200
_____________________ part of cost of production report explains the cost incurred

during the process.
Quantity schedule
Solve the question 5 to 7. If units put in the process 7,000, units completed and transfer
out 5,000. Units still in process (100% Material, 50% Conversion cost). 500 units were
lost. Cost incurred during the process Material and Labor Rs. 50,000 and 60,000.
5,750
7,000
5,000
6,500
Find the value of per unit cost of both material and conversion cost

m 201
Rs. 57,500
Rs. 50,000
Rs. 70,000
8. In case of second department find the increase of per unit cost in case of unit lost.
Cost received from previous department is Rs. 1,40,000.
1.43
(2.13)
1.54
1.67

10 _________________ needs further processing to improve its marketability.
By product
Joint Product
Augmented product
Jan 1; finished goods inventory of Manuel Company was $3, 00,000. During the year
m 202
Manuel’s cost of goods sold was $19, 00,000, sales were $2, 000,000 with a 20% gross
profit. Calculate cost assigned to the December 31; finished goods inventory.
$ 4,00,000
$ 6,00,000
$ 16,00,000
The main purpose of cost accounting is to: http://vustudents.ning.com
Maximize profits.
Prime Cost
Conversion Cost
The cost expended in the past that cannot be retrieved on product or service
Relevant Cost
Sunk Cost
Product Cost
Irrelevant Cost
m 203
When a manufacturing process requires mostly human labor and there are widely
varying wage rates among workers, what is probably the most appropriate basis of
applying factory costs to work in process?
Machine hours
Direct labor hours
distribution
internal audit
design
An industry that would most likely use process costing procedures is:
tires
home construction
printing
aircraft
q.
m 204
Per unit Total
Variable cost
Constant, Decrease
Decrease, Decrease
Increase, Increase
Increase, Decrease
The Kennedy Corporation uses Raw Material Z in a manufacturing process.

Information as to balances on hand, purchases and requisitions of Raw Material Z is
given below:

08 Received 500 lbs. @ $1.55
18 Issued 100 lbs.
25 Issued 260 lbs.
30 Received 150 lbs. @ $1.60
If a perpetual inventory record of Raw Material Z is maintained on a FIFO basis, it will

show a month end inventory of:
$240
$784
$759
$767
m 205
Provides no incentive for employees to achieve and maintain a high level

of production.
Is hardly ever used and is difficult to apply.
Encourages employees to sacrifice quality in order to maximize earnings.
A manufacturing company manufactures a product which passes through two
Particulars Rs.
Direct Labor 24,250
Apportionment of the Accumulated Cost/Total Cost accounted for, for the month in
CPR
____________

m 206
Particulars Units
following figures for department No. 2: Particulars Rs.
3,500 units
39,500 units
43,000 units
m 207
d. None of the given options
3. Unit cost of lost unit after adjustment (by using any method) _________
Rs. 0.64
Rs. 0.36
Rs. 0.18
In Department No. 315 normal production losses are discovered at the end of process.
During January 2007 following costs were charged to Department 315:
Particulars Rs.
Direct Labor 20,000
m 208
Particulars Units
Received in 12,000
Cost of normal loss (where normal loss is discovered at the end of process)
_________:
Rs. 14,000
Rs. 44,000
Rs. 1, 12,000
2,000 units
7,000 units
10,000 units
6. Unit cost of Direct Labor__________

m 209
Rs. 1
Rs. 2
Rs. 3

Particulars Rs.
Materials 41,650
Labor 101,700
Particulars Units
9,000 Units lost (1/2 completed as to materials & conversion cost ) 1,000
m 210
9,000 units
56,500 units
59,500 units
For which one of the following industry would you recommend a Job Order Costing
system?
Oil Refining
Grain dealing
Beverage production
Law Cases
For which one of the following industry would you recommend a Process Costing
system?
Grain dealer
Law office
Auditor
m 211
10. The difference between total revenues and total variable costs is known as:
Contribution margin
Gross margin
Operating income
Fixed costs
Percentage of Margin of Safety can be calculated in which one of the following ways?
m 212
wants to decrease sales price by 10%, what will be the effect of decreasing unit sales
price on profitability of company? (Cost & volume profit analysis keep in your mind
while solving it)
Remains constant
wants to increase sales price by 10%, what will be increasing sales profit of company by
increasing unit sales price. (Cost & volume profit analysis keep in your mind while
solving it)
Rs.2,000
Rs. 5,000
Rs. 7,000
m 213
Particulars Rs.
Sales 4,000,000
Net income 480,000
What is the company's contribution margin ratio? a.
30%
70%
150%
m 214
48,000 units
72,000 units
80,000 units
How many units would the company have to sell to attain target profits of Rs.
600,000?
88,000 units
100,000 units
106,668 units
Rs. 480,000
Rs. 1,600,000
Rs. 2,400,000
m 215
A manufacturer of ink cartridges would ordinarily use process costing rather than job-
order costing
If a company uses a process costing system it accumulates costs by processing

department rather than by job
The output of a processing department must be homogeneous in order to use process

costing
a. Companies that produce many different products or services are more likely to use
job-order costing systems than process costing systems
b. Job-order costing systems are used by manufactures only and process costing
systems are used by service firms only
c. Job-order costing systems are used by service firms and process costing systems are
used by manufacturers
m 216
Using absorption costing, unit cost of product includes which of the following
combination of costs?
c. Direct materials, direct labor, variable overhead and fixed overhead
a. Indirect costing
b. Direct costing
c. Variable costing
d. Both (b) and (c)
Direct labor Rs.10
m 217
costing?
Rs. 22
Rs. 28
Rs. 30
costing?
Rs. 22
Rs. 24
Rs. 28
m 218
Both a & b
The excess of budgeted or actual sales over budgeted or actual variable expenses
The excess of budgeted or actual sales over budgeted or actual fixed expenses
The excess of budgeted sales over the break-even volume of sales
The contribution margin ratio is calculated by using which one of the given formula?
m 219
Data of a company XYZ is given below
Particulars Rs.
Sales 15,00,000
Variable cost 9,00,000
Fixed Cost 4,00,000
Rs. 1, 00,000
Rs. 2, 00,000
Rs. 13, 00,000
Mr. Zahid received Rs. 100,000 at the time of retirement. He has invested in a profitable
Avenue. From Company A, he received the dividend of 35% and from Company B
he received the dividend of 25%. He has selected Company A for investment. His
opportunity cost will be:
35,000
25,000
10,000
m 220
55,000
will be:
Increases, constant
Constant, increases

amount of FOH?
63,000
30,000
28,000
16,800
Cost center
Investment center
Revenue center
Profit center
Which one of the following cost would not be termed as Product Costs?
m 221
Indirect Material
Direct Labor
Which of the following ratios expressed that how many times the inventory is turning
over towards the cost of goods sold?

Both A & B
When opening and closing inventories are compared, if ending inventory is more than
opening inventory, it means that:
Both a and b
following elements?
Direct labor cost

Indirect labor cost
Abnormal labor cost
m 222
If,
a) 10 Times
b) 12 times
c) 14.5 times
d) 9.5 times
1. A manufacturing company manufactures a product which passes through two
m 223
Particulars Rs.
Direct Labor 24,250
200 units
9400 units
9600 units
Particulars Units

m 224
Particulars Rs.
3,500 units
39,500 units
43,000 units
None of the given options Cost & Management Accounting (mgt402) Solution to Quiz
02
Rs. 0.64
Rs. 0.36
Rs. 0.18
m 225

Particulars Rs.
Materials 41,650
Labor 101,700
Particulars Units
9,000
m 226
Rs. 55,703.3 App.
Rs. 356,546.6 App.
Rs. 412,249.9 App.
Particulars Rs.
Sales 4,000,000
Net income 1480,000Cost & Management Accounting (mgt402) Solution to

Quiz 02
m 227
30%
50%
150%
48,000 units
72,000 units
80,000 units
How many units would the company have to sell to attain target profits of Rs.600,000?
48,000 units
88,000 units
106,668 units
m 228
Rs. 1,600,000
Rs. 2,400,000
Rs. 25,60,000
Direct labor Rs.10
Variable overhead Rs.6 Cost & Management Accounting (mgt402) Solution

to Quiz 02
m 229
costing?
Rs. 32
Rs. 30
Rs. 25
costing?
Rs. 22
Rs. 24
Rs. 28
Mr. Zahid received Rs. 100,000 at the time of retirement. He has invested in a
profitable Avenue. From Company A, he received the dividend of 35% and from
Company B he received the dividend of 25%. He has selected Company A for
investment. His opportunity cost will be:
35,000
25,000
10,000
m 230
55,000
will be:
Increases, constant
Constant, increases

amount of FOH?
63,000
30,000
28,000
16,800
Cost center
Investment center
Revenue center
Profit center
While preparing the Cost of Goods Sold and Income Statement, the over applied
FOH is;
Add back, add back
Which of the following ratios expressed that how many times the inventory is
turning over towards the cost of goods sold?
m 231
Net profit ratio

Gross profit ratio
When opening and closing inventories are compared, if ending inventory is more
than opening inventory, it means that:
Both a and b
following elements:
Direct labor cost

Indirect labor cost
Abnormal labor cost
If,
10 Times
12 times
14.5 times
9.5 times
If Units sold = 10,000
m 232
9,500
10,500
13,500
6,500
Calculate the amount of direct labor if:

Direct material = 15,000
6,429
30,000
10,500
35,000
Material cost = 4.00 per unit

Labor cost = 0.60 per unit
m 233
6.0
9.2
7.0
ABC & Company has maintained the following data of inventory control Under the
periodic inventory system:
Date Units Total
Jan 01 100 @ 10 1000
Jan 05 100 @ 11 1100
Jan 10 150 @ 12 1600
During the period 300 units were sold. Calculate the cost of ending inventory under
FIFO method.
600
500
400
300
m 234
National chains of tyre fitters stock a popular tyre for which the following
information is available:
Based on the above data calculate the maximum level of stock possible:
2800
3000
4900
5800
Fill in the blanks:
Irrelevant costs are those costs that would not affect the current management
decision. http://vustudents.ning.com
Increase in inventory means closing inventory is greater than the opening inventory.
Weighted average cost is used to determine the value of cost of consumption and
ending inventory.
The total amount earned in a week or month by an employee is called gross pay.
m 235
The method of remuneration in which a worker is paid on the basis of production

and not time taken by him to perform the work is called piece rate wage.
A cost that remains unchanged across the relevant range of units produced is what
kind of cost?
a) Fixed cost b)
Product cost c)
Mixed cost d)
Period cost

Rs. 132,100
Rs. 116,000
Rs. 130,200
Rs. 130,500
_____________________ is a part of cost of production report that explains the cost
incurred during the process.
m 236
Quantity schedule

A company makes one product, which has variable manufacturing costs of Rs.3.25
per unit and variable selling and administrative costs of Rs. 1.17 per unit. Fixed
manufacturing costs are Rs. 42,300 per month and fixed selling and administrative
costs are Rs. 29,900 per month. The company wants to earn an average monthly
profit of Rs. 15,000 and they expect to produce and sell an average of 40,000 units
of the product per month. What is the minimum selling price management can be
expected to set to meet their profitability goals?
Rs. 4.69
Rs. 4.42
Rs. 6.60
Rs. 6.23
m 237
Cost incurred during the process Material and Labor Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 60,000.
By using the above information, find out the number of units that will appear in
quantity schedule.
5,750
7,000
5,000
6,500
Find out the value of per unit cost of both material and conversion cost.

Rs. 5750
Rs. 5000
Rs. 7000
Opening work in process inventory can be calculated under which of the following
method?
m 238
_________________ needs further processing to improve its marketability.
By product
Joint Product
Augmented product
The contribution margin increases when sales volume and price remain
the same and:
2) The main difference between the incremental and marginal cost is that:
Incremental cost does not show any change for any level of activity
m 239
There is no difference between marginal cost and incremental cost
Shipping fees
Advertising flyers
Sales commissions
Direct materials
Tangible products
Intangible products
T Corp. had net income before taxes of Rs. 200,000 and sales of Rs.
2,000,000. If it is in the 50% tax bracket, its profit margin would be:
5%
12%
20%
m 240
d) 25%
Direct materials cost is Rs. 80,000. Direct labor cost is Rs. 60,000.
Factory overhead is Rs. 90,000. Beginning goods in process were Rs.
15,000. The cost of goods manufactured is Rs. 245,000. What is the cost
Rs. 45,000
Rs. 15,000
Rs. 30,000
A firm had Rs. 200,000 in sales, Rs. 120,000 of goods available for sale, an
ending finished goods inventory of Rs. 20,000. Selling and
Administrative expenses are Rs. 55,000. Which of the following is true?
8) A complete set of Financial Statements for Hanery Company, at
December 31, 1999, would include each of the following, EXCEPT:

m 241
Statement of projected cash flows for 2000
Notes containing additional information that is useful in interpreting the
The FIFO inventory costing method (when using under perpetual
inventory system) assumes that the cost of the earliest units purchased
Heavenly Interiors had beginning merchandise inventory of Rs. 75,000. It
made purchases of Rs. 160,000 and recorded sales of Rs. 220,000 during
November. Its estimated gross profit on sales was 30%. On November 30,
the store was destroyed by fire. What was the value of the merchandise
inventory loss?
m 242
Rs. 154,000
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 235,000
Rs. 81,000
Which of the following is a factor that should be taken into account for
Average consumption
Emergency lead time
Danger level
a) Ordering cost is equal to carrying cost

m 243
Inventory of Rs. 96,000 was purchased during the year. The cost of
goods sold was Rs. 90,000 and the ending inventory was Rs. 18,000.
What was the inventory turnover ratio for the year?
5.0
5.3
6.0
6.4
While deducting Income Tax from the gross pay of the employee, the
employer acts as a (an) _________________for Income Tax Department.
16) A standard rate is paid to the employee when he completed his job:
m 244
In standard time
Reduction of labor turnover, accidents, spoilage, waste and
absenteeism are the results of which of the following wage plan?
Piece rate plan
Time rate plan
Differential plan
Group bonus system
Grumpy & Dopey Ltd estimated that during the year 75,000 machine
hours would be used and it has been using an overhead absorption rate
of Rs. 6.40 per machine hour in its machining department. During the
year the overhead expenditure amounted to Rs. 472,560 and 72,600
machine hours were used. Which one of the following statements is
correct?

m 245
d) Overhead was over-absorbed by Rs.7,920
When loss of time due to unavoidable interruptions is deducted from
Normal capacity
Practical capacity
Expected capacity
A business always absorbs its overheads on labor hours. In the 8th
period, 18,000 hours were worked, actual overheads were Rs. 279,000
and there was Rs. 36,000 over-absorption. The overhead absorption rate
per hours was:
Rs. 15.50
Rs. 17.50
Rs. 18.00
Rs. 13.50
m 246
If computational and record-keeping costs are about the same under
both FIFO and weighted average, which of the following method will
generally be preferred?
Weighted Average
FIFO
value is insignificant by comparison with that of the main product or
products
unpredictable
3) When two products are manufactured during a common process, the
factor that determine whether the products are joint product or one
m 247
main product and one is by product is the:
Management policy
Good Job Plc makes one product which sells for Rs. 80 per unit. Fixed
costs are Rs. 28,000 per month and marginal costs are Rs. 42 a unit.
350 units
667 units
1,000 units
1,350 units
Hyde Park Company produces sprockets that are used in wheels. Each
sprocket sells for Rs. 50 and the company sells approximately 400,000
Direct labor Rs. 10

m 248
Other costs:
Manufacturing
Distribution
Fixed
Rs. 5
Rs. 4
Variable
Rs. 7
Rs. 3
Rs. 44
Rs. 37
Rs. 32
Rs. 35
Janet sells a product for Rs.6.25. The variable costs are Rs.3.75. Janet's
Rs. 87,500
Rs. 35,000
Rs.131,250
m 249
d) Rs. 104,750
A firm, which makes yachts, has fixed costs of Rs. 260,000 per month.
The product sells for Rs. 35,000 per boat, and the variable costs of
production are Rs. 15,000 per boat. The boatyard can manufacture 20
boats each month. What is the firms’ margin of safety at the moment?
20%
35%
54%
57%
Which of the following is not one of the requirements of the general
Changes are not to be made just because more favorable results are
foreseeable
If B Limited shows required production of 120 cases of product for the
month, direct labor per case is 3 hours at Rs. 12 per hour. Budgeted labor
costs for the month should be:
m 250
360 hours
Rs. 1,440
Rs. 4,320
Rs. 5,346
Which of the following is not an explanation for rising profit levels at the
Repayment of loan
m 251
(Question 2-a) (10 x 1=10)
From the following information calculate the Maximum stock level, Minimum stock
level, Re-ordering level and Danger stock level;-
(f) Emergency Re-order 13 days

period
(1.25x4=5)
Solution:
= 400 x 15 = 6,000
Maximum level =Order level – (Minimum consumption x Lead time) + EOQ
= 6,000 – (200 x 10) + 3,600 = 7,600
m 252
Minimum Level = Order level— (Average consumption x lead time)
= 6,000 – (300 x 12.5) = 2,250
Danger Level = Average consumption x Emergency time
= 300 x 13 = 3,900
(Question 2-b)
Annual requirement 1200 units
m 253
Required:
Frequency of orders
(2+1.5+1.5=5)
Solution:
1/2
(1) EOQ = (2 x 1200 x 3/0.25 + 5% of 5)
= 120 units
1200/120
10
= 360/10
m 254
= 36days
Solution
(a) GOGO Manufacturing Company
Income Statement
Sales 250000
Prime Cost 160000
Add: Factory overhead applied(20000*50/100) 10000
Less Closing Inventory of W.I.P. 20000
Add: Opening Inventory of Finished Goods 10000
Cost of Goods Sold (At Normal) 150000
Gross Profit 99,211
Less: Operating Expenses
Net Income 90,211
m 256
Applied FOH 10000
Actual FOH
Indirect material consumed 2500
Depreciation of plant 3000
Indirect labor 2000
Under applied FOH 1000
m 257
m 258
Q1. S.P Johns Corporation is a manufacturing concern. Following is the receipts &
issues record for the month of January, 2006.
Jan 11 150 units
Jan 20 150 units
Required: Find the value of ending inventory by preparing Material Ledger card
under Perpetual and Periodic inventory system based on the above
information using each of the following methods:
m 259
Jan 1 100 40 4,000 100 40 4,000
Jan 8 200 45 9,000 100 40 4,000
200 45 9,000
Jan 11 100 40 4,000
50 45 2,250 150 45 6750
Jan 13 50 45 2,250 100 45 4,500
Jan 16 50 60 3,000 100 45 4,500
50 60 3,000
Jan 18 100 70 7,000 100 45 4,500
50 60 3,000
100 70 7,000
Jan 20 100 45 4500 100 70 7,000
50 60 3,000
m 260
7,000 7,500 7,000
Jan 1 100 40 4,000 100 40 4,000
Jan 8 200 45 9,000 300 43.33 13,000
Jan 11 150 43.33 6500.5 150 43.33 6500.5
Jan 13 50 43.33 2166.5 100 43.34 4334
Jan 16 50 60 3,000 150 49 7334
Jan 18 100 70 7,000 250 57.3 14,334
Jan 20 150 57.3 8595 100 57.39 5739
5739
m 261
Actual FOH Rs. 2,00,000
Less Applied FOH 2,25,000
Over applied
(ii) Capacity Variance

Applied/Absorbed factory overhead Rs. 2,25,000
Less Budgeted factory overhead for capacity attained 2,05,000
Favorable 20,000
Budget Variance
Budgeted factory overhead for capacity attained Rs. 2,05,000
Less Actual factory overhead 2,00,000
Favorable 5,000
Applied FOH
1,80,000 / 20,000 x 25,000 = 2,25,000
m 262
Variable FOH 1,00,000 / 20,000 x 25,000 = 1,25,000
JV Company
Rs. Rs.
Sales (80,000 units @7.00) 560,000
Direct material (100,000 units @1.50) 150,000
Direct labor (100,000 units @1.00) 100,000
Variable cost of goods manufactured 300,000
Variable cost of goods available for 300,000

sale
Ending inventory (20,000 units @3.00) (60,000)
Variable cost of goods sold (240,000)
m 263
Variable marketing and admin

expenses
(80,000 units @0.50) (40,000)
Marketing and admin expenses 80,000
Total fixed expenses (230,000)
Requirement # 1
Per unit Cost=Cost of Goods Manufactured (W-1) ÷ Units Manufactured (W-2)
Rs.706, 600 ÷ 4000 units
= Rs.176.65
Requirement # 2
m 264
420 Units x Rs.176.65
= Rs.74, 193
Requirement # 3
Cost of Goods Sold:
Cost of Goods Manufactured (Working -1) Rs.706, 600
------------------------------
------------------------------
Requirement #4
Sales (3880 units x Rs.220) Rs.853, 600

m 265
-------------------------------

-------------------------------
Gross Profit per = Gross Profit ÷ Units Sold
Unit Gross Profit Rs.172, 593 ÷ 3880 units

= = Rs.44.483
per Unit
WORKING NOTES:
(W-1)
Direct Materials:
------------
372,600
------------
---------------
--------------
Direct Material Used

Rs.352, 300
Direct Labour Rs.162, 500
Factory Overhead:
------------
Total Factory Overhead Rs.152, 650
-------------------
Total Current Manufacturing Cost

Rs.667, 450
Add: Opening work in process inventory

81,500
------------------
Cost of goods available for manufacturing

Rs.748, 950
Less: Closing work in process inventory 42,350
-----------------

Rs.706, 600
----------------
W-2
Units Manufactured:
Units Sold 3880
Add: Units in Closing Finished Goods Inventory 420
--------
Less: Units in Opening Finished Goods Inventory 300
--------
m 268
JV Company
Rs. Rs. Rs.
Sales (80,000 units @7.00) 560,000
Direct material (100,000 units@1.50) 150,000
Direct labor (100,000 units@1.00) 100,000
Fixed FOH 150,000
Cost of goods manufactured 450,000
Beginning inventory ---------
Cost of goods available for sale 450,000
Ending inventory (20,000 units@4.50) (90,000)
Cost of goods sold at actual (360,000)
Fixed Marketing and Admin expenses 80,000
Variable Marketing and Admin

expenses
(80,000 units @0.50) 40,000
m 269
(120,000)
19,600 4900
3731 1599
1080 120
----- 55,000
1250 11250
----- 50000
2000 -----
2254 960
4500 -----
5600 1400
5500 -----
3150 3150
48665 128385
a). Cost includes both fixed and variable cost. Variable cost varies with the level of
production. So variable cost will be different at cost and at break even point.
m 270
b). Break even sales / Sales price per unit = 2,11,333 / 800 = 264 students
c). Fixed cost / *Contribution margin ratio = 1,28,385 / 1- 48,665 / 1,24,000 = 1,28,385 /
0.6075
= Rs. 2,11,333
d). Fixed cost + Desired Profit / *Contribution margin per unit = 1,28,385 + 25000 / 800 –
314
315 students
e). Sales – B.E (S) / Sales x 100 = 1,24,000 – 2,11,333 / 1,24,000 x 100 = (70.43)
*Contribution Margin per unit = Sales price per unit - Variable cost per unit
1. UNITS MANUFACTURED DURING YEAR:
Units
Units sold during year 8,000
Add: Ending finished goods units 2,000
Less: Opening finished goods units 1,800
Units manufactured during year 8,200
Complete The Foreman’s Estimate Of The Cost Of Work In Process
Value of FOH for Work in process ending Inventory = 1,000 x 80% = Rs. 800
Direct material cost Rs. 2,700
Direct Labor cost Rs. 1,000
FOH Rs. 800
Work in Process Ending Inventory Rs. 4,500
Particulars Amount (Rs.)
m 272
Direct Labor 20,000
FOH 16,000
Solution:
Date Receipts Value of Stock Average Cost.
7- 200 units @ Rs. 200 x 150 =

Nov 150/unit 30,000 30,000 / 200 = 15
9- -- 75 x 150 = 11,250 30,000 -

Nov 11,250 = 18,750 18,750 / 125 = 15
13- 150 units @ Rs. 15,000 +

Nov 100/unit 18,750 = 33,750 33,750 / 275 = 12
15- 100 units @ Rs. 33,750 +

Nov 175/unit 17,500 = 51,250 51,250 / 375 = 13
18- -- 250 x 136.7 = 34,175 51,250 -

Nov 34,175 = 17,075 17,075 / 125 = 13
20- 100 x 136.6 = 13,660 17,075 -

Nov 13,660 = 3,415 3,415 / 25 = 13
22- 300 units @ 37,500 + 3,415

Nov Rs.125/unit = 40,915 40,915 / 325 = 12
24- -- 300 x 125.9 = 37,770 40,915 - 3,145 3,145 / 25 = 12
m 273
Nov 37,770 =
27- 200 units @ Rs. 3,145 + 30,000

Nov 150/unit = 33,145 33,145 / 225 = 14
30- -- 125 x 147.3 = 33,145 -

Nov 18,412.5 18,412 = 14,733 14,733 / 100 = 14
Estimated requirements for next year: 2400 units
Ordering Cost (per order): Rs. 20
Carrying Cost: 10%

(a) Economic Order Quantity
(b)Prove your answer
Solution
1/2
(2 X 2400 X 20/10% OF 1.5)
800 UNITS
m 274
Order Required No of Total ordering Total Total

qty Units orders carrying cost cost
cost
600 2400 4 80 45 125
800 2400 3 60 60 120
1000 2400 2 40 75 115
Shipping fees
Advertising flyers
Sales commissions
Direct materials
Direct materials cost is Rs. 80,000. Direct labor cost is Rs. 60,000. Factory overhead
is Rs. 90,000. Beginning goods in process were Rs. 15,000. The cost of goods
manufactured is Rs. 245,000. What is the cost assigned to the ending goods in
process?
Rs. 45,000
Rs. 15,000
Rs. 30,000
m 275
d) There will be no ending Inventory
system) assumes that the cost of the earliest units purchased is allocated in which of
the following ways?

Its estimated gross profit on sales was 30%. On November 30, the store was destroyed
by fire. What was the value of the merchandise inventory loss?
Rs. 154,000
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 235,000
Rs. 81,000
m 276
Which of the following is a factor that should be taken into account for fixing re-
order level?
Average consumption
Emergency lead time
Danger level
Grumpy & Dopey Ltd estimated that during the year 75,000 machine hours would
be used and it has been using an overhead absorption rate of Rs. 6.40 per machine
hour in its machining department. During the year the overhead expenditure
amounted to Rs. 472,560 and 72,600 machine hours were used.
m 277
A business always absorbs its overheads on labor hours. In the 8th period, 18,000
hours were worked, actual overheads were Rs. 279,000 and there was Rs. 36,000 over-
absorption. The overhead absorption rate per hours was:
Rs. 15.50
Rs. 17.50
Rs. 18.00
Rs. 13.50
Maximize profits

12. Which of the following is a cost that changes in proportion to changes in volume?
Fixed cost
Sunk cost
m 278
Opportunity cost
Analyzing the data
Decision making
Revenue generation
Cost incurrence
a) Sunk Cost
m 279
Standard Cost
Relevant Cost
Irrelevant cost
profit?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 480,000
Rs. 640,000
Units sold
units
Normal Loss
Abnormal Loss

m 280
Income Statement
preferred?
A. Weighted Average
FIFO
B. Process Costing
C. Standard Costing

m 281
D. Supplies inventory
A complete set of Financial Statements for Nestle Company at December 31,
Statements
A. Remains constant
Decreases
Increases
Particulars Rs.
Freight in 20,000
A. Rs. 1,490,000
m 282
B. Rs. 1,390,000
C. Rs. 1,500,000
D. Rs. 1,590,000
A. Rs. 250,000
B. Rs. 260,000
C. Rs. 270,000
D. Rs. 280,000
A. Rs. 3,600
B. Rs. 3,000
C. Rs. 5,400
D. Rs. 9,000
m 283
A. Rs. 3,600
B. Rs. 3,000
C. Rs. 5,400
D. Rs. 9,000
A. Rs.5, 400, Rs.27, 600, Rs.3, 000
B. Rs.27,400, Rs. 3,600, Rs. 5,000
C. Rs. 5,400, Rs. 3,600, Rs. 27,000

m 284
D. Machine hours

m 285
units
B. Standard costing
C. Actual costing
D. Process costing
President
Stockholder
Sales manager
Controller
Planning
Controlling
Sharing
m 286
D. Costing
Controller
Staff accountant
Auditor
Finance director
FINALTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
Which of the following is the correct order of preparation for the

various components of the income statement budget?
Sales budget, production budget, budgeted income
statement, selling and administrative expenses budget
Sales budget, production budget, budgeted income
statement, cost of goods sold budget
m 287
Sales budget, production budget, cost of goods sold

budget, budgeted income statement
Sales budget, direct labor budget, production budget, cost of
goods sold budget
All
of the following indicate the problems in traditional budget EXCEPT:
Programmes and activities involving wasteful expenditure are

identified, resulting in unavoidable financial and other costs
Inefficiencies of a prior year are carried forward in
determining subsequent years’ levels of performance
Managers are not encouraged to identify and evaluate
alternate means of accomplishing the same objective
Decision-making is irrational in the absence of rigorous
analysis of all proposed costs and benefits
Slowmo Corporation's ending finished goods inventory this period

was Rs. 43,000. The company projects a cost of goods
manufactured for the next period to be Rs. 567,000 and expects
to have Rs. 36,000 in ending finished goods. Given this
information, what is the expected cost of goods sold for the next
period?
Rs. 556,000
Rs. 567,000
m 288
Rs. 574,000
Rs. 582,000
BDH Corporation, which makes only one product, Kisty, has the
following information available for the coming year. BDH expects
sales to be 30,000 units at Rs. 50 per unit. The current inventory
of Kisty is 3,000 units. BDH wants an ending inventory of 3,500
units. BDH pays its sales staff commission of 5% of sales. How
much will be recorded on the marketing budget for sales
commissions for the next period?
Rs. 75,000
Rs. 30,000
Rs. 150,000
Rs. 1,500,000
The contribution margin ratio is 30% for the Spice Co. and the
breakeven point in sales is Rs. 150,000. If the company desires a
target net income of Rs. 60,000, what would have to be the
amount of actual sales?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 350,000
m 289
Rs. 250,000
Rs. 210,000
A
company decreased the selling price for its product from Rs. 2.00 to
Rs. 1.75 per unit when total fixed costs decreased from Rs. 500,000
to Rs. 400,000 and variable cost per unit of Rs. 1 remained
unchanged. How would these changes affect the break-even
point?
The break-even point in units would be increased

The break-even point in units would be decreased
The break-even point in units would remain unchanged
The effect cannot be determined from the information given
Which statement is true related to the differences in absorption

and variable costing methods?
The shorter the period of time, the less net operating income
figures will tend to differ under the two costing methods
In the long run, net operating income under the two
methods will tend to be the same
In the long run, net operating income under the two methods
will not same
m 290
In the short run, net operating income under the two

methods will tend to be the same

Multiplying units of finished goods inventory with the cost
per
unit
Which of the following are basic inventories for a

manufacturing concern?
Indirect materials, goods in process, and raw materials
Finished goods, raw materials, and direct materials

Raw materials, goods in process, and finished goods
Raw materials, factory overhead, and direct labor
If,
COGS = Rs. 50,000
m 291
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 66,667
Rs. 62,500
Rs. 400,000
Which of the following method of inventory valuation is

not recommended under IAS 02?
LIFO
FIFO
Weighted Average
Both LIFO & FIFO
In
cost Accounting, normal loss is/are charged to:
Income Statement

m 292
Material requisition is a document that supports the requirement

of the material. This document is sent to store incharge and
approved by:
Store manager
Production manager
Supplier manager
Purchase manager
Which of the following is / are time based incentive wage plan?
Hasley Premium Plan
Hasley Weir Premium Plan
Rowan Premium Plan

All
of the following are avoidable causes of labor turnover EXCEPT:
Personal betterment of worker
m 293
Dissatisfaction with job
Bad working conditions
Long and odd working hours
It is
possible for an item of overhead expenditure to be shared amongst
many departments. It is also possible that this same item may relate
to just one specific department.
If the item was not charged specifically to a single department

this would be an example of:
Apportionment
Allocation
Re-apportionment
Absorption
m 294
The appropriate journal entry to transfer the cost of completed

units from the Work in Process account would involve a credit to
Work in Process and a debit to which of the following accounts?
Income Summary

Finished Goods
The point at which joint product costs become

separately identifiable is known as the:
Split-off point
Relative sales value point
Joint processing cost
A
by product:
Is produced from material that would otherwise be of no

value
Has a lower selling price than the main product
m 295
Is created along with the main product, but its sales value
does not cover its production cost
Always produces a large amount of revenue than the main
product
According to marginal costing concept, all fixed costs are

considered as:
Period cost
Production cost
Mixed cost
Sunk cost
Which of the following costs are treated as period costs under

direct costing?
Only direct cost
Fixed selling and administrative expenses
Fixed manufacturing overhead
Both fixed manufacturing overhead and fixed selling

and administrative expenses
m 296
By
using absorption costing method, which of the following is
NOT shown in Income Statement?
Contribution margin
Selling and administrative expenses
Cost of goods sold
Cost volume Profit analysis (CVP) is a behavior of how many

variables?
2
3
Which of the following equation is CORRECT?
Revenues + Variable costs - Fixed costs = Operating income
m 297
Revenues - Variable costs - Fixed costs = Operating income
Revenues + Variable costs + Fixed costs = Operating Income
Revenues - Variable costs + Fixed costs = Operating income
All
of the following are true EXCEPT:
Profit + Fixed cost + Variable cost = Sales
Profit + Fixed cost = Sales – Variable cost
Contribution margin – Fixed cost = Profit
Profit + Fixed cost = Sales + Variable cost
The following detail is related to Bloch Company:
Opening work-in 2,000 litres,100% completed to material,

process 40% as to conversion cost
Material put in
process 24,000 liters
Closing work-in- 3,000 litres,100% completed to material

process and 45% as to conversion cost
m 298
Required: The numbers of equivalent units as to Conversion

cost, using FIFO method would be:
26,000 units
25,550 units
24,200 units
24,350 units
X
Company has fixed cost of Rs. 200,000. It sells two products Tetra and
Mint. The detail of operational Income is as follows:
Mint
Tetra (Rs.) (Rs.)
Sales price (Per

unit) 2 1
Contribution margin 1 2
Required: How much units would be sold at break Even point?
44,444 units
50,000 units
88,888 units
100,000 units

1) one
If,
fixed cost is Rs. 1,000 and variable cost is Rs. 6 per unit. The sales price
is Rs. 10 per unit. 100 units have been produced. But no unit has been
yet sold. Keeping in view the Sales level, our total cost will be equal
to which of the following?
Zero
Rs. 1,000
Rs. 6,000
Rs. 7,000
Which of the following factor is responsible for a difference

between units sold and units produced?
Factory overhead
Direct Labor
Change in Inventory
If a
firm is using activity-based budgeting, the firm would use this in place
of which of the following budgets?
m 300
Direct labor budget
Direct materials budget

Revenue budget
Manufacturing overhead budget
Hogan Company plans to assemble 5,000 tables. Each table

requires 0.25 hours of direct labor at Rs. 19 per direct labor hour.
The amount of direct labor that should be budgeted for is:
Rs. 380,000
Rs. 95,000
Rs. 39,583
Rs. 23,750
The master budget usually begins with a:
Production budget
Direct labor budget

Sales budget
m 301
Financial managers use which of the following to plan for monthly

financing needs?
Capital budget
Cash budget
Income Statement budget
Selling & administrative expenses budget
Which of the following is NOT example of a cash outflow?
Cash drawings
Purchase of new equipment
Commission paid
Depreciation
When using a flexible budget, a decrease in production levels

within a relevant range:
m 302
Decreases variable cost per unit
Decreases total costs
Increases total fixed costs
Increases variable cost per unit
The Auslander Company has 1,600 obsolete calculators that are

carried in inventory at a total cost of Rs. 106,800. If these
calculators are upgraded at a total cost of Rs. 40,000, they can be
sold for a total of Rs. 120,000. As an alternative, the calculators
can be sold in their present condition for Rs. 44,800. What will be
the sunk cost in this situation?
Rs. 0
Rs. 40,000
Rs. 44,800
Rs. 106,800
Which of the following is a process by which managers analyze

options available to set courses of action by the organization?
Heuristics method
Decision making
m 303
The Delphi technique
Systematic error
The effect on a company's operating income of discontinuing a

department with a contribution margin of Rs. 8,000 and allocated
overhead of Rs. 16,000 (of which Rs. 7,000 cannot be eliminated)
would be to:
Increase operating income by Rs. 1,000
Increase operating income by Rs. 8,000
Decrease operating income by Rs. 1,000
Decrease operating income by Rs. 9,000
Final Interest-Free Option

First in First out Method
Fixed income Financial Operations

1) one
D
Corporation uses process costing to calculate the cost of
manufacturing Crunchies. During the month 12,500 units
were completed, 1,500 units remained in work in process at
25 percent completed. How many equivalent units are
produced?
12,500 units
12,875 units
14,250 units
12,125 units
An
automobile manufacturing company anticipates the following unit
sales during the first four months of 2008.
January 20000
February 30000
March 25000
April 40000
The company maintains its ending finished goods inventory at

70% of the following month’s sale. The january1 finished goods
inventory will be 14000 units.
m 305
Required: Prepare a production budget for January through March
Answer:
Automobile Manufacturing Company
Production Budget
For the period January till March
January February March Total

Number of
units 20,000 30,000 25,000 75,000
to be sold
Add: closing 70% of 70% of 70% of 28,000

stock of
finished 30,000 = 25,000= 40,000 =
goods 21,000 17,500 28,000
Units available
for 41,000 47,500 53,000 47,000
sale
(14,00
Less: Opening (14,000) (21,000) (17,500) 0)
units of
finished
goods
Number of
units 27,000 26,500 35,500 33,000
to be produced
m 306
There are two approaches of accounting treatment of ‘’By-

Product’’ define it.
Answer:
Accounting treatment of By-Product: By-Product can be

treated in two ways
Income approach:
Treat as other income
Treat as deduction from cost of goods sold
Treat as deduction from cost of goods manufactured
Consider its realizable income and then treat as
deduction from cost of goods manufactured
Costing approach:
Replacement cost as opportunity cost of by-product
Predetermined price or the standard cost
Ahmed trading company has a C/M ratio of 30%. Break-even sales

are Rs 325,000. The company budgeted sales for the year were
Rs.360,000 and a profit of Rs 36,500 during the year.
Required:
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1- Fixed expense
2- Variable expenses for the year
3- Margin of safety Ratio
Answer:
Given, C/M ratio = 30% = 0.3

Break even sales in rupees = Rs
325,000
Sales = Rs 360,000
Profit for the yr = Rs 36,500

To find
Fixed expenses = ?
Variable expenses= ?
Margin of safety ratio = ?
Break even sales in rupees = Fixed cost / C/M ratio
Fixed cost = break even sales x C/M ratio
= 325,000 x 0.3
Fixed cost = 97,500
Break even Sales – variable cost = Contribution margin
Variable cost = sales – contribution margin
Here contribution margin = fixed cost = 97,500
Variable cost = 325,000 – 97500

Variable cost = 227,500
m 308
Margin of safety (MOS) = sales – break even sales
360,000 – 325,000
35,000
Margin of safety ratio = MOS/ sales x 100
= 35,000 /360,000 x 100
Margin of safety ratio = 9.72%
The following information relates to XYZ manufacturing company.
Sales (units) by Region
Month
s A B C
January 200 500 500
Februar 150 600 650

y
March 300 700 550
Desired Finished Goods inventories (units)
15,000(Cos
January 1 t
15,000)
January 31 14,700
February 15,400
29
March 31 17,200
Other data
Sales price per unit Rs. 60
Material Cost Rs. 15 per unit
Desired direct materials ending 25%of next month

inventory production
Desired direct materials beginning 25%of same month

inventory production
Direct materials requirement 1 unit per unit of

production
Production for April 4,000 units
Direct labor hours 3 per unit
Cash balance Jan 01, 19XX Rs. 30,000
Direct labor cost Rs. 3.10 per hour
Required:
Prepare Sales budget in "units & Rupees'' for the 1st quarter of year.
m 310
Answer:
XYZ Manufacturing Company
Sales Budget
Sales Budget for the period January till March
Regions January February March
Quantit Amoun
y Price t Q P A Q P A Q
A 200 60 12,000 150 60 9000 300 60 18,000 650
B 500 60 30,000 600 60 36,000 700 60 42,000 1,800
C 500 60 30,000 650 60 39,000 550 60 33,000 1,700

840,00
Total 1,200 60 720,000 1,400 60 0 1550 60 93,0004,150
39000
108,000
102,000
249,000
m 311
Al
Hafiz Company anticipated unit production (in units) for the first four
months of the upcoming year:
January 8,000
February 10,000
March 12,000
April 20,000
The company decided to stock enough raw materials to meet 40%

of the following month’s production needs. Two units of material
are required for each unit produced. One unit of material costs Rs.
3.00
It is assumed that beginning inventory of January were 6000 units.
Required:
Prepare a direct material purchases budget and direct material

cost budget for the first three months of the year.
Answer:
Al Hafiz Company
Direct Material Purchase Budget
January February March Total
30,00
Units to be 8,000 10,000 12,000 0
consumed
Add: closing 40% of 40% of 40% of 8,000

10,000= 12,000=
units 4000 4,800 20,000=
8,000
38,00
Material 12,000 14,800 20,000 0
available for
use
(6,000
Less: opening (6,000) (4,000) (4,800) )
units
32,00
Units to be 6,000 10,800 15,200 0
purchased
Al Hafiz Company
Direct Material Cost Budget
Material required
Units to Unit Total
produced produce each unit cost
January 8,000 2 3 8,000 x 2 x 3

= 48,000
10,000 x 2 x
February 10,000 2 3 3
= 60,000
12,000 x 2 x
March 12,000 2 3 3
m 313
= 72,000
Total 30,000 180,000
Spring 2009
All of the following indicate the problems in traditional budget EXCEPT:
Programmes and activities involving wasteful expenditure are identified,

resulting in unavoidable financial and other costs
Inefficiencies of a prior year are carried forward in determining subsequent
years’ levels of performance
Managers are not encouraged to identify and evaluate alternate means of
accomplishing the same objective
Decision-making is irrational in the absence of rigorous analysis of all
proposed costs and benefits
A forecast set of final accounts is also known as:
m 314
Cash budget
Capital budget
Master budget
Sales budget
Brutus Company manufactures glass bottles. The company expects to sell 500,000
bottles next year. The budgeted ending inventory this year is 15,000 bottles and the
desired ending inventory for next year is 12,000 bottles. It takes 5 pounds of sand
to produce one bottle. The ending inventory of sand this year is expected to be
200,000 pounds, and the desired ending inventory next year is 100,000 pounds.
The amount of direct material purchases is expected to be:
2,385,000 pounds
2,465,000 pounds
2,585,000 pounds
2,600,000 pounds
Proposal Budget=E.Sales+Desire units-actual units*per unit cost
=500000+12000-15000=497000*5=2485000
=2485000+100000-200000=2385000
BDH produced 30,500 units of Kisty (a product). Each unit of Kisty takes two
units of component L. Component L is budgeted to cost Rs. 12 per unit. Current
inventory of L is 4,000 units. BDH wants 6,000 units of L on hand at the end of the
next year. How much will the direct materials budget show as the cost of materials
to be purchased?
m 315
Rs. 756,000
Rs. 390,000
Rs. 684,000
Rs. 330,000
Proposal Budget=E.Sales+Desire units-actual units*per unit cost
=30500+6000-4000=32500*12=390000
Railway Product Ltd makes one product that sells for Rs. 72 per unit. Fixed costs
are Rs. 81,000 per month & the product has a contribution to sales ratio of 37.5%.
In a period when actual sales were Rs. 684,000 the company's unit margin of safety
was:
4,000 units
4,800 units
5,500 units
6,500 units
Safety Margin in units=Sales in units-Break even in units
Sales in units=684000/72=9500
Fixed exp in units= 81000/72=1125
Break even in units = Fixed Exp. In units/Contribution ratio
1125/0.375=3000
Safety Margin =9500-3000=6500
m 316
A company decreased the selling price for its product from Rs. 2.00 to Rs. 1.75
per unit when total fixed costs decreased from Rs. 500,000 to Rs. 400,000 and
variable cost per unit of Rs. 1 remained unchanged. How would these changes
affect the break-even point?
The break-even point in units would be increased
The break-even point in units would be decreased
The break-even point in units would remain unchanged
The effect cannot be determined from the information given
The total cost of the beginning inventory was Rs. 60,000. During the month,
50,000 units were transferred out. The equivalent unit cost was computed to be Rs.
4.00 for materials and Rs. 7.40 for conversion costs under the weighted-average
method.
With the help of given information, what was the total cost of the units completed
and transferred out during the month.
Rs. 480,000
Rs. 570,000
Rs. 540,000
Rs. 510,000
=50000*4=200000
=50000*7.4=370000
370000+200000=570000
or 50k units * (4 material cost + 7.40 covnversion cost per unit) = 570000
m 317
The average cost method of process costing has an advantage when compared
to the FIFO method relative to simplicity because under the average method:
It provides that units started within the current period are valued at the
current period cost
The costs in the beginning inventory in a processing department maintain
their separate identity
The identity of the beginning units in process is typically maintained when
they are transferred to the next department
All units completed during the period will be assigned the same unit
cost
Assuming no returns outwards or carriage inwards, the cost of goods sold will be
equal to:
Opening stock Less purchases plus closing stock
Closing stock plus purchases plus opening stock
Sales less gross profit
Purchases plus closing stock plus opening stock plus direct labor
sales-cogs= gross profit
“Taking steps for the fresh purchase of those stocks which have been exhausted
and for which requisitions are to be honored in future” is an easy explanation of:
Over stocking
Under stocking
m 318
While calculating the EOQ, carrying cost is taken as the:
%age of unit cost
%age of ordering cost
%age of annual required units
Total unit cost
Payroll includes:
m 319
Salaries & Wages of Administrative
Salaries & Wages of direct labor, Indirect labor, and Administrative
Increased cost of production due to high labor turnover is a result of which of

the following factor?
Interruption of production
Coordination between new and old employee to produce more
Increased production due to newly motivated employees
Decrease losses as new employees will be more concerned towards output
When a manufacturing Company has highly automated manufacturing plant

producing many different products, the most appropriate basis for applying FOH
cost to work in process is:
m 320
Direct labor hours
Direct labor costs
Machine hours
Cost of material used
Which of the following industries would most likely use a Process cost
Accounting system?
Construction
Beer
Hospitality
Consulting
Which of the following loss is not included as part of the cost of transferred
or finished goods, but rather treated as a period cost?
Operating loss
Abnormal loss
Normal loss
Non-operating loss
A company produces two chemicals in a joint process. Chemical A can be sold at

split off while chemical B currently cost Rs. 2 per gallon for disposal. If chemical
B is further processed, it would cost Rs. 5 per gallon. At what sales price would the
company be in different between disposing of chemical B at split off and further
processing the chemical?
Rs.3
Rs.5
Rs.4
Rs.7
Variable costing is also known as:
Direct Costing
Marginal Costing
Both Direct Costing & Marginal Costing
Indirect Costing
Units produced 8,000

units
Direct labor Rs.12

Variable selling and Rs.2
administrative
costing?
Rs. 22
Rs. 24
Rs. 28
Rs. 30
=16+12+6=24
Selling and admin exp are not added in marginal costing
Net income reported under direct costing will exceed net income reported under
absorption costing for a given period if:
The fixed overhead exceeds the variable overhead
Production equals sales for that period
Production exceeds sales for that period
Sales exceed production for that period
Profit under absorption costing will be higher than under marginal costing if:
m 323
Produced units > Units sold
Produced units < Units sold
Produced units =Units sold
Profit cannot be determined with given statement
A firm sells bags for Rs. 14 each. The variable cost for each unit is Rs. 8. What is
the contribution margin per unit?
Rs. 6
Rs. 12
Rs. 14
Rs. 8
The break-even point in units is calculated using which of the following factors?
The point at which the cost line intersects the sales line will be called:
m 324
Budgeted sales
Break Even sales
Margin of safety
Contribution margin
If one would prepare a graph with a horizontal axis representing units of

production and a vertical axis representing per-unit production cost, how would a
line representing fixed production cost is drawn?
As a horizontal line
As a vertical line
As a straight line sloping upward to the right
As a straight line sloping downward to the right
Explanation: The per- unit fixed cost would decline as production increased.
That is, total production divided into the constant fixed cost amount would result
in a decreasing per unit fixed cost. A line sloping downward to the right would
represent this situation.
Budget for an organization is prepared by which of the following person?
Functional head
Manager
Auditor
Administrator
m 325
Amount of Depreciation on fixed assets will be fixed in nature if calculated under

which of the following method?
Straight line method
Reducing balance method
Some of year's digits method
Double declining method
Which of the following factor/s should be considered while constructing an

administrative selling expense budget?
Fixed expenses
Past experience
Variable expenses
All are examples of cash disbursements EXCEPT:
Payment for materials purchased
Payment received as collection of accounts receivable
Payment of dividends
Payment of taxes
m 326
A budget that requires management to justify all expenditures, rather than just
changes from the previous year is referred to as:
Self-imposed budget
Participative budget
Perpetual budget
Zero-based budget
Which of the following sentences is the best description of zero-base budgeting?
Zero-base budgeting is a technique applied in government budgeting in

order to have a neutral effect on policy issues
Zero-base budgeting requires a completely clean sheet of paper every year, on
which each part of the organization must justify the budget it requires
Zero-base budgeting starts with the figures of the previous period and assumes
a zero rate of change
Zero based budgeting is an alternative name of flexible budget
Which of the following is the first step in the decision-making process?
Clarify the decision problem
Collect the data
m 327
Select an alternative
Develop a decision model
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which
the following would be considered a Relevant Cost?
The book value of the old equipment
Depreciation expense on the old equipment
The current disposal price of the old equipment
Historical cost of an equipment
The Auslander Company has 1,600 obsolete calculators that are carried in
inventory at a total cost of Rs. 106,800. If these calculators are upgraded at a total
cost of Rs. 40,000, they can be sold for a total of Rs. 120,000. As an alternative,
the calculators can be sold in their present condition for Rs. 44,800. What will be
the sunk cost in this situation?
Rs. 0
Rs. 40,000
Rs. 44,800
Rs. 106,800
Costs that have been incurred include which of the following?
m 328
Only opportunity costs
Costs that have already been paid
Costs that have been committed
Both costs that have already been paid and committed
For a retail outlet chain with multiple stores, which of the following statements
would be correct?
Stores which have a net loss should be discontinued
Stores with a negative contribution margin should be discontinued
Stores with a negative contribution margin should be discontinued provided

such discontinuation will not cause an increase in sales at other stores
Stores with a negative contribution margin should not be discontinued if such
discontinuation will cause profitable stores to bear a portion of the unprofitable
store's overhead
In the process costing when material is issued for production to department

no 1.what would be the journal entry Passed?
W.I.P (Dept-I) To
Material a/c
W.I.P (Dept-ii)
m 329
To Material a/c
Material a/c To
W.I.P (Dept-ii)
W.I.P (Dept-ii) To
FOH applied.
Final Interest-Free Option
First in First out Method
Fixed income Financial Operations
Bouch Company has the following data of year 02 given below
m 330
Year 02
Sales Rs. 120/unit

Direct Materials Rs. 8/unit
Direct labor Rs. 10/unit
Variable overhead Rs. 7/unit
Selling & Admin Rs. 2/unit
expenses
Fixed overhead Rs. 7,500
Normal volume of production 250 units per year
Information regarding units as follows
Item 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year
units units units units
Opening stock 200 300 300
Production 300 250 200 200
Sales 100 150 200 300
Required: Prepare income statement of year 2 under absorption costing.

m 331
A Company manufacturers two products A and B. Forecasts for first 7 months is

as under:
Month Sales in Units

A B
January 1,000 2,800
February 1,200 2,800
March 1,610 2,400
April 2,000 2,000
May 2,400 1,600
June 2,400 1,600
July 2,000 1,800
No work in process inventory has been estimated in any moth however finished
goods inventory shall be on hand equal to half the sales to the next month, in each
month. This is constant practice.
Budgeted production and production costs for the year 1999 will be as follows:
Production units 22,500 24,000

Direct Materials (per unit) 12.5 19
Direct Labor (per unit) 4.5 7
F.O.H. (apportioned) Rs. 66,000 Rs 96,000
Prepare for the six months period ending June 1999, a production budget
for ‘’Product A”
m 332
The managing director of Parser Limited, a small business, is considering

undertaking a one-off contract. She has asked her inexperienced accountant to
advise on what costs are likely to be incurred so that she can price at a profit. The
following schedule has been prepared:
Costs for special order Notes Rs.

Direct wages 1 28,500
Supervisor costs 2 11,500
General overheads 3 4,000
Machine depreciation 4 2,300
Machine overheads 5 18,000
Materials 6 34,000
Total 98,300
Notes
Direct wages comprise the wages of two employees, particularly skilled in the
labor process for this job. They could be transferred from another department to
undertake the work on the special order. They are fully occupied in their usual
department and sub-contracting staff would have to be brought in to undertake
the work left behind.
Sub-contracting costs would be Rs. 32,000 for the period of the work. Other
sub-contractors who are skilled in the special order techniques are also available
to work on the special order. The costs associated with this would amount to Rs.
31,300.
A supervisor would have to work on the special order. The cost of Rs. 11,500 is
made up of Rs. 8,000 normal payments plus a Rs. 3,500 additional bonus for
working on the special order. Normal payments refer to the fixed salary of the
supervisor. In addition, the supervisor would lose incentive payments in his
normal work amounting to Rs. 2,500. It is not anticipated that any replacement
costs relating to the supervisors' work on other jobs would arise.
m 333
General overheads comprise an apportionment of Rs. 3,000 plus an estimate of

Rs. 1,000 incremental overheads.
Required
Produce a revised costing schedule for the special project based on relevant costing
principles. Fully explain and justify each of the costs included in the costing
schedule.
Due to the declining popularity of digital watches, Swiss Company’s digital watch
line has not reported a profit for several years. An income statement for last year
follows:
Segment Income Statement—Digital Watches
Rs. Rs.
Sales..................................................................... 500,000
Less variable expenses:
Variable manufacturing 120,000
costs..............................
Variable shipping
costs...................................... 5,000
Commissions..................................................... 75,000 200,000
Contribution
margin............................................... 300,000
General factory
overhead(1).............................. 60,000
Salary of product line 90,000
manager...........................
Depreciation of equipment 50,000
(2)............................
Product line
advertising...................................... 100,000
Rent—factory space (3).................................... 70,000
General administrative expense
(1)..................... 30,000 400,000
Net operating
loss................................................. (100,000)
Allocated common costs that would be redistributed to other product lines

if digital watches were dropped
This equipment has no resale value and does not wear out through use
The digital watches are manufactured in their own facility
Should the company retain or drop the digital watch line?
Production Rates Per unit

component Rate
Direct material 2.5 lbs @ Rs. Rs. 10.00
4.00
Direct Labor .5 hr @ Rs. 16.00 Rs. 8.00
VOH .5 hr @ Rs. 4.00 Rs. 2.00
Fixed FOH Rs. 40,000 Rs. 2.50
Actual Output 16,000 units
Variable S&A Rs. 6.00 per unit

Fixed S&A Rs. 60,000
Selling price Rs. 40
Assume sales of 12,000 units.
Required: What is the profit under marginal and absorption costing method?
400,000
Net operating loss................................................. (100,000)
Allocated common costs that would be redistributed to other

product lines if digital watches were dropped
This equipment has no resale value and does not wear out through
use
The digital watches are manufactured in their own facility
Should the company retain or drop the digital watch line?
Production Rates Per unit

component Rate
Direct material 2.5 lbs @ Rs. Rs. 10.00
4.00
Direct Labor .5 hr @ Rs. 16.00 Rs. 8.00

VOH .5 hr @ Rs. 4.00 Rs. 2.00
Fixed FOH Rs. 40,000 Rs. 2.50
Actual Output 16,000 units
Variable S&A Rs. 6.00 per unit
Fixed S&A Rs. 60,000
Selling price Rs. 40
Assume sales of 12,000 units
Fall 2009
Shared by Marina Khan
Time: 120 min
Marks: 84

All of the following are a part of Planning Process EXCEPT:
Identifying the objectives
Search for alternative actions
Data gathering for alternatives
Selection of a fixed action

All of the following indicate the problems in traditional budget EXCEPT:
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Programmes and activities involving wasteful expenditure are identified,

resulting in unavoidable financial and other costs
Inefficiencies of a prior year are carried forward in determining subsequent
years’ levels of performance
Managers are not encouraged to identify and evaluate alternate means of
accomplishing the same objective
Decision-making is irrational in the absence of rigorous analysis of all
proposed costs and benefits

The chief financial officer is also known as the:
Controller
Staff accountant
Auditor
Finance director

When purchases are added to raw material opening Inventory, we get the value of:
Material consumed.
Material available for use.
Material needed.
Raw material ending inventory.

For manufacturing entities inventories are classified into ---------- categories?
► One
► Two
► Three
► Four
For manufacturing entities inventories are classified into three categories:
Material and supplies inventory
Work in process inventory
When prices are rising over time, which of the following inventory costing
methods will result in the lowest gross margin?
FIFO
LIFO
Weighted Average
LIFO results in a valuation that is much lower than today's prices. LIFO results in
lower net income because cost of goods sold is higher.

All of the following are unavoidable causes of labor turnover EXCEPT:
Retirement and death leading to labor turnover
Domestic responsibilities—to look after old parents
Accident or illness rendering workers permanently incapable to work
Unfair methods of promotion and lack of promotions avenues

The term cost allocation is described as:

The total cost of factory overhead needs to be distributed among specific
cost centers.
Cost Allocation
It refers to the costs that can be identified with specific cost centers.
Apportionment
It refers to the costs that cannot be identified with specific cost centre but must be

Which of the following statement is true ragarding Repeated distribution method?
The re-allocation continues until the numbers being dealt with become
very small
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The re-allocation continues until the numbers being dealt with become very
Large
small
Repeated distribution method
This method takes each service department in turn and re-allocates its costs to all
departments which benefit. The re-allocation continues until the numbers being
dealt with become very small.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the use of blanket rate?
The use of a single blanket rate makes the apportionment of overhead
costs unnecessary
The use of a single blanket rate makes the apportionment of overhead costs
necessary
uniform
Blanket rates
A blanket absorption rate is a single rate of absorption used throughout an

organization’s production facility and based upon its total production costs and
activity. The use of a single blanket rate makes the apportionment of overhead
costs unnecessary since the total production costs are to be used.


In the process costing when labor is charged to production department no 1. What

would be the journal entry Passed?
Payroll a/c To
W.I.P (Dept-I)
Payroll a/c To
W.I.P (Dept-II)
W.I.P (Dept-I) To
Payroll a/c
W.I.P (Dept-II) To
Payroll a/c
Not sure

Materials Costs (Rs.) Conversion Costs
(Rs.)
Work-in-process, May 1 46,000 78,000

Current costs (May) 92,000 124,000
Total cost 138,000 202,000
If the equivalent units of production under weighted average costing were 40,000
and 50,000 for materials and conversion costs, respectively, what are the costs per
equivalent unit?
Rs. 1.15, Rs.1.56
Rs.1.76, Rs.1.94
Rs. 2.30, Rs. 2.48
Rs. 3.45, Rs. 4.04
Weighted Average Method (W.Avg):
This method recalculates the average cost of inventory held each time a new
delivery is received. Issues are then recorded at this weighted average price.
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It takes the weighted average of all units available for sale during the
accounting period. The formula to calculate the weighted average rate is
Total cost/total unites = unit cost

In comparing common cost and joint cost:
The terms can be correctly used interchangeably
Both have the same objective of assigning production cost to cost center
They differ since common cost products or services have been obtained
separately
Common cost is sometime used as Joint cost
Reference:
Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of

the following concept is used in absorption costing?
Matching concept
Cost concept
Cash concept
Absorption costing follows the matching concept by carrying forward a proportion

of the production cost in the stock valuation to be matched against the sales value
Good Job Plc makes one product which sells for Rs. 80 per unit. Fixed costs are
Rs. 28,000 per month and marginal costs are Rs. 42 per unit. What sales level in
units will provide a profit of Rs. 10,000?
350 units
667 units
1,000 units
1,350 units
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Break even = Fix cost / (sales price – variable cost)

We need 1000+ break even
= (28000+1000) / (80-42) = 1000

Which of the following costs are treated as period costs under direct costing?
Only direct cost
Fixed selling and administrative expenses
Both fixed manufacturing overhead and fixed selling and administrative

expenses
Reference:

Direct Costing
Marginal Costing
Indirect Costing

Cost volume Profit analysis (CVP) is a behavior of how many variables?
2
3
4
CVP is a relationship of four variables
Sales Volume
Variable cost Cost
Fixed cost Cost
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Net income Profit Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of
the following costs do NOT change when the activity base fluctuates?
Variable costs
Discretionary costs
Fixed costs
Mixed costs
The break-even point is the point where:

Fixed cost plus Profit is equal to contribution margin
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one In

process costing, a joint product is
A product which is later divided in to many parts

A product which is produced simultaneously with other products and is of
similar value to at least one of the other products
A product which is produced simultaneously with other products but which is
of a greater value than any of the other products
A product produced jointly with another organization
http://wps.prenhall.com/ema_uk_he_upchurch_costacct_1/0,4698,223191-,00.html

Eclair Ltd manufactured three products,JP,1,JP2,JP,3 with the following cost of
raw material 10,000 kg,cost Rs,24,000 and conversion cost is Rs,28,000.
Out-Put Production,Kg sales price, per Kg
JP,1 4,000 11
JP,2 3,000 10
JP,3 1,000 26
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Process costs are apportioned on a sales value basis.

Required: What was the apportioned cost for JP3.
► Rs. 52,000
► Rs. 13,520
► Rs. 15,600
► Rs. 22,880
Total cost of raw material 24,000

Total cost as per conversion cost 28,000
Total cost incurred 52,000
Apportioned Cost for JP3
52000/1000 = 52
52 x 26 = 1352
I’ve got this according to this the answer is may be Rs. 13,520.
May be I am missing any step. But the calculation of cost
apportionment is as mentioned above

The little Rock Company shows fixed expenses of Rs. 12,150 and Margin of
safety ratio is 25% and Break even sales is Rs. 40, 500. If contribution margin ratio
is 30% what would be the actual sales?
Rs. 40,500
Rs. 54,000
Rs. 12,150
Rs. 4,050

All of the following are assumptions in constructing a Break even chart EXCEPT:
There is no change of time value of money
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Price of cost factors remains constant

Long term period will be considered
Cost is affected by volume

If a firm is using activity-based budgeting, the firm would use this in place of
which of the following budgets?
Direct labor budget

Revenue budget
Manufacturing overhead budget
http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_horngren_cost_12/31/8133/2082263.cw/content/index.
html

Hogan Company plans to produce 5,000 wooden tables. Each table requires 10 bd.
Ft. of lumber at a price of Rs. 2.50 per bd. Ft. The desired beginning and ending
inventories of lumber are 10,000 and 20,000 board feet, respectively. The total
direct materials purchase cost for lumber is:
Rs. 100,000
Rs. 12,500
Rs. 175,000
Rs. 150,000
required lumber for 5000 tables = 5000*10 = 50,000

beginning inventory = 10,000 closing inventory =
20,000
50,000 -10,000 + 20,000 = 60,000
Cost of lumber = 60,000*2.5 = 1,50,000

Which of the following budgets provide information for preparation of the owner's
equity section of a budgeted balance sheet?
Sales budget
Cash budget
Capital expenditures budget
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Budgeted income statement

of the following is NOT example of a cash outflow?
Cash drawings
Commission paid
Depreciation

When using a flexible budget, what will occur to variable costs (on a per unit
basis) as production increases?
Variable costs are not considered in flexible budgeting
Variable costs per unit will decrease
Variable costs per unit will remain unchanged
Variable costs per unit will increase

A relevant cost or benefit is one that will be affected by the decision. Which of the
following should be regarded as relevant in the decision-making process?
Fixed overheads
Notional costs
Sunk costs
Opportunity costs
Fixed overheads. These will be incurred regardless of

the decision.
Notional costs. For example, notional rent - these costs are
only a book exercise and do not represent a realcash flow.
Past or sunk costs. These have already happened, so they
cannot be affected by a future decision. It is vital to note
that relevant costs are always future costs.
Opportunity costs
A company often has a choice of options. For example, does
it choose to use a scarce resource for Contract A instead of
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Contract B? If it does choose Contract A then Contract B

will be deprived of the resource that could have generated
a contribution for the company. This is an example of an
opportunity cost, a relevant cost for decision-making. By
definition, an opportunity cost is one which measures the
cost of sacrificing one course of action in favour of
another.
Decision making should be based on all of the following relevant costs features
EXCEPT:
Relevant Costs are future costs
Relevant Costs are cash flows
Relevant Costs are incremental costs
Relevant Costs are sunk costs

In a make or buy situation with no limiting factors, which of the following would
be the relevant costs for the decision?
Opportunity costs
Differential costs between the two options
Sunk costs
Implied costs

In one off contracts, a contract will probably be accepted if:
It increases contribution margin and decreases profit
It increases both contribution margin and profit
It reduces contribution margin and increases profit
It reduces both contribution margin and profits

The following monthly data are available for the Boarder, Inc. and its only
product: Unit sales price = Rs. 36 Unit variable expenses = Rs. 28 Total fixed
expenses = Rs. 50,000 Actual sales for the month of May = 7,000 units. The
margin of safety for the company for May was:
Rs. 6,000
Rs. 27,000
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Rs. 56,000
Rs. 106,000
[Margin of Safety = Total budgeted or actual sales − Break even sales]
Break even sales = fixed cost/ (contribution margin/sales or c/s)
Contribution margin = s-v.c = 36-28=8 Break even Sales = (50,000)/
(8/36) 225000
Actual sales = 7000*36 = 252000
MOS = (252000-225000) = 27000

None of the above.

Materials 5,000 Kgs at 0.50 per Kg

Labor Rs.700
Normal losses are 10% of input in the process. The out put for the period was
4,200Kg from the process. There was no opening and closing Work- in- process.
What were the units of abnormal loss?
► 500 units
► 300 units
► 200 units
► 100 units
Total input 5000 kg

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Normal loss 10% 500kg
Normal Output 4500 kg

Actual output 4200 kg
Abnormal loss 300 kg

A cost that has been incurred but cannot be changed by present or future decisions
is called:
Sunk cost
Differential cost
Opportunity cost
Marginal cost

If an item of overhead expenditure is charged specifically to a single department
Apportionment
Allocation
Re-apportionment
Absorption

When By-product is to be recycled, which one of the following will be used for
costing?
Costing approach
Sale approach
Expense approach
Asset approach

What would be the margin of safety ratio based on the following information?
· Sales price = Rs. 100 per unit
· Variable cost = Rs. 25 per unit
· Fixed cost = Rs. 50 per unit
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25%
33.333%
66.666%
75%
Margin of safety ratio = budgeted profit/(budget contribution margin *100)
100-25=75-50 = 25
by pluging value in formula

What is the starting point of variable cost line on a break even chart at zero
production level?
It must start from origin

It might start from origin
It does not start from origin
Non of the given options

All of the following describe forecasting EXCEPT:
It allows you to create budget amounts, and then track how well you are
staying within those amounts
It is a projected cash flow for the future, based on scheduled transactions and
estimated amounts
A prediction of customer demand used to calculate future inventory levels
Predicting current and future market trends using existing data and facts

Which of the following is NOT considered as external factor while preparing
the sales budget?
Availability of materials or supplies

Governmental rules
Market fluctuations
Competitor’s success
m 351

If estimated direct labour cost is Rs. 50,000 for producing 2,400 units then what
is the amount of FOH cost if FOH cost is assumed as 50% of direct labor cost?
Rs. 25,000
Rs. 1,200
Rs. 26,200
Cannot be calculated
50% of direct labor = 50,000*.50 = 25000

Which of the following item is NOT included in FOH cost budget?
Indirect material cost
Indirect labor cost
Power and fuel

Which of the following is the best example of a fixed administrative expense?
Rent of building used for office
Commission paid
Repair and maintenance
Stationery expense

Which of the following statement is TRUE about historical cost?
It is always relevant to decision making
It is always irrelevant to decision making
It is always an opportunity cost
It is always realizable value
Break even chart is the useful technique for showing relationship between costs,
volume and profits. Identify the components of break even chart.
m 352
Briefly describes the importance of material budget.
Garrett Company sells hand-crafted furniture. One item it sells is a small table that
sells for Rs. 30 per unit. The variable costs related to the table, including product
and shipping costs, are Rs. 18 per unit. Total fixed costs for the company are Rs.
60,000. Assume the tables are the only product the company sells this year and
draw a CVP graph to represent the company’s sales and expenses. From this
graph, compute the approximate breakeven point in rupees and units.
A textile company anticipates the following unit sales during the four months of
2008.
Months April May June July

Sales 20,000 30,000 25,000 40,000
units
The company maintains its ending finished goods inventory at 60% of the
following month’s sale. The April1st, finished goods inventory will be 12,000
units.
Required: Prepare a production budget for second quarter of year.
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The Midnight Corporation budget department gathered the following data for the
third quarter:
July August September

Projected Sales (units) 1,000 1,500 1,450
Selling price per unit (Rs.) 40 40 40
Direct material purchase requirement
(units) 1,300 2,000 1,800
Purchase cost per unit materilal (Rs.) 20 20 20
Production units required to calculate labor
cost 800 1,300 1100
Additional information
Direct labor hours 2 per complete unit

Direct Labor rate Rs. 2 per direct labor hour
Fixed factory overhead Rs. 500 per month including Rs. 200
depreciation
Variable factory overhead Rs. 1.50 per direct labor hour
Selling and Admin 5% of sales
expense
Net Income before tax is as follows:
Months Rs.
July 6,000
August 10,000
September 8,000
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All sales and purchases are for cash and all expenses are paid in the month
incurred. Assuming that the opening cash balance on July 1 st is Rs. 25,000 and tax
rate is 40%,
Required:
Prepare cash budget for third quarter.
ABC company is currently deciding whether to undertake a new contract of 20

hours of labor will be required for the contract. The company currently producing
product S the standard cost details of which are given below:
Standard Cost Card
Product S
Rs/unit
Direct Material 200
Direct Labor 300
500
Selling Price 700
Contribution margin 200
Requirement:
What is the relevant cost of labor if the labor must be hired from
outside the organization?
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What is the relevant cost of labor if the company expects to have 5

hours spare capacity?
What is the relevant cost of labor if the labor is in a short supply
Fall 2009
Marks: 84

Railway Product Ltd makes one product that sells for Rs. 72 per unit. Fixed costs
are Rs. 81,000 per month & the product has a contribution to sales ratio of 37.5%.
In a period when actual sales were Rs. 684,000 the company's unit margin of safety
was:
4,000 units
4,800 units
5,500 units
6,500 units
BE in Rs = fixed cost/ contribution margin ratio
= 81000/.375 = 21600

If Selling price per unit Rs. 15.00; Direct Materials cost per unit Rs. 3.50; Direct
Labour cost per unit Rs. 4.00 Variable Overhead per unit Rs. 2.00; Budgeted fixed
production overhead costs are Rs. 60,000 per annum charged evenly across each
month of the year. Budgeted production costs are 30,000 units per annum. What is
the Net profit per unit under Absorption costing method.
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Rs. 9.50
Rs. 15.00
Rs. 11.50
Rs. 3.50

Superior started 80,000 gallons of paint. During the month the company
completed 92,000 gallons and transferred them to the mixing
department. Superior had 38,000 gallons in beginning inventory and 26,000
gallons in ending inventory.
Material is added at the beginning of the process and conversion costs are added
evenly throughout the process.
Beginning WIP was 30% complete as to conversion costs and ending WIP was
20% complete as to conversion costs. The company uses a FIFO costing
The company uses a FIFO costing. The cost data for February follow:
Beginning inventory:
Direct materials Rs.22, 200
Conversion costs Rs. 44,000
Costs added this period:
Direct materials Rs. 150,000
Required:
What was the cost of direct materials in ending inventory?
Rs. 37,560
Rs. 42,600
Rs. 45,550
Rs. 48,750

the following costs would NOT be a period cost?
► Indirect materials
► Administrative salaries
► Advertising costs
► Selling costs

cost imposed on a firm includes cost when it foregoes an alternative action

but doesn't
make a physical payment. Such costs are known as?
Firm cost
Product cost
Implicit cost
Explicit cost
In economics, an implicit cost occurs when one forgoes an alternative action

but does not make an actual payment.

Which of the following is CORRECT to calculate cost of goods manufactured?

The beginning work in process inventory plus total manufacturing
costs and subtract the ending work in process inventory
Beginning raw materials inventory plus direct labor plus factory overhead
Conversion costs and work in process inventory adjustments results in cost of
goods manufactured

If EOQ = 360 units, order costs are Rs. 5 per order, and carrying costs are Rs. 0.20
per unit, what is the usage in units?
2,592 units
25,920 units
18,720 units
129,600 units
http://web.utk.edu/~jwachowi/mcquiz/mc10.html

In cost Accounting, normal loss is/are charged to:
Income Statement
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the organization

Over applied FOH will always result when a predetermined FOH rate is
applied and:
Actual overhead costs are less than budgeted

Difference between Absorbed factory overhead and budgeted factory

for capacity attained
Difference between Budgeted factory overhead for capacity attained and
FOH actually incurred

If a company uses a predetermined rate for the application of factory overhead, the
idle capacity variance is the:
Over or under applied fixed cost element of overheads
Over or under applied variable cost element of overheads
Difference in budgeted costs and actual costs of fixed overheads items
Difference in budgeted cost and actual costs of variable overheads items

At the end of the accounting period, a production department manager submits
a production report that shows all of the following EXCEPT:
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Number of units in the ending work in process and their estimated stage of
completion

In a process costing system, the journal entry used to record the transfer of units
from Department A, a processing department, to Department B, the next
processing department, includes a debit to:
Work in Process Department A and a credit to Work in Process Department
B
Work in Process Department B and a credit to Work in Process
Department A
Work in Process Department B and a credit to Materials
Finished Goods and a credit to Work in Process Department B

In the process costing when labor is charged to production department no 1. What
would be the journal entry Passed?
Payroll a/c To
W.I.P (Dept-I)
Payroll a/c To
W.I.P (Dept-II)
W.I.P (Dept-I) To
Payroll a/c
W.I.P (Dept-II) To
Payroll a/c

Which of the following method of accounting for joint product cost will produce
the same gross profit rate for all products?
Actual costing method
Services received method
Market value method
Physical quantity method
m 360

Which of the following costing method provide the added benefit of usefulness for
external reporting purpose?
Absorption costing
Marginal costing
Direct costing
Variable costing

Contribution margin contributes to meet which one of the following options?
Variable cost
Fixed cost
Operating cost
Net Profit

If sales price and variable cost per unit both increases at10% and the fixed cost
does not change, what does its effect be on the contribution margin per unit and
contribution margin ratio?
Contribution margin per unit and the contribution margin ratio both remains
unchanged
Contribution margin per unit and the contribution margin ratio both increases
Contribution margin per unit increases and the contribution margin
ratio remains unchanged
Contribution margin per unit decreases and the contribution margin ratio
remains decreases

Which of the following factor/s would cause the break-even point to change?
Increased sales volume
Fixed costs increased due to addition of physical plant
Total variable costs increased as a function of higher production

Bruce Inc. has the following information about Rut, the only product sold. The
selling price for each unit is Rs. 20, the variable cost per unit is Rs. 8, and the total
m 361
fixed cost for the firm is Rs. 60,000. Bruce has budgeted sales of Rs. 130,000 for
the next period. What is the margin of safety in Rs. for Bruce?
Rs. 30,000
Rs. 70,000
Rs. 100,000
Rs. 130,000
Break even in Rs = 60,000 /(12/20) = 100,000
MOS = 130,000 – 100,00 = 30,000

Production budget is an example of which of the following budget?
Functional budget
Master budget
Cost of goods sold budget
Sales budget

Which of the following is the main objective of direct material budget?
Determination of minimum and maximum stock level
Developing purchasing requirements
Financial Arrangements

All of the following compose cost of goods sold EXCEPT:
Raw material
Labor
Capital
Factory overhead

Financial managers use which of the following to plan for monthly financing
needs?
Capital budget
Cash budget

Which of the following sentences is the best description of zero-base budgeting?
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Zero-base budgeting is a technique applied in government budgeting in order

to have a neutral effect on policy issues
Zero-base budgeting requires a completely clean sheet of paper every
year, on which each part of the organization must justify the budget it
requires
Zero-base budgeting starts with the figures of the previous period and assumes
a zero rate of change
Zero based budgeting is an alternative name of flexible budget

In a make or buy situation with no limiting factors, which of the following would
be the relevant costs for the decision?
Opportunity costs
Differential costs between the two options
Sunk costs
Implied costs

If the cost per equivalent unit is Rs. 1.60. The equivalent units of output are
50,000. The WIP closing stock is 10,000 units, 40% completed. What will be the
value of closing stock?
Rs. 9,600
Rs. 80,000
Rs. 16,000
Rs. 6,400
10,000*.40 = 4000*1.6 = 6400

Opening WIP Jan 01 0 units

Units received from preceding 13,500 units,@4.50 per unit
department cost
11,750 units, @3.75 per unit
Units completed in this department cost
What were the units of closing work in process?
11,750 units
1,750 units
13,500 units
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2,187 units

Which of the following is(are) base(is) of cost allocation under joint products?
Physical quantity ratio

Selling price ratio
Hypothetical market value ratio
All of given options

Income approach is used for the costing of which of the following?
Joint products
By-products
Both Joint products and By-products

Which of the following is an element of cost?
Direct Labour Cost
Cost of goods sold
Mark up

If, Total fixed cost Rs. 2,000, Variable manufacturing cost Rs. 3,000, Variable
selling cost Rs. 1,000 and Sales Rs. 10,000 then what will be the profit under
absorption costing?
Rs.7,000
Rs.5,000
Rs.4,000
Rs.8,000

Which of the following cannot becomes a part of product cost under marginal
costing?
Direct materials
Variable manufacturing overhead
m 364

Direct labor

What would be the margin of safety ratio based on the following information?
· Sales price = Rs. 100 per unit
· Variable cost = Rs. 25 per unit
· Fixed cost = Rs. 50 per unit
25%
33.333%
66.666%
75%

A company ABC has budgeted sales of Rs. 8,000 and breakeven sales of Rs. 5,000
during a particular period whereas the actual sales amounted to Rs. 7,000. What
will be the margin of safety ratio?
37.5%
40%
60%

production level?


Responsibility center where the manager is accountable for only the revenues and
costs is a(n):
Revenue center
Cost center
Profit center
Investment center
m 365

the following is/are included in production budget?
Raw material budget
Direct labour budget
Factory overhead budget

If, units of goods to be sold are 800, closing finished goods units are 200 and
opening finished goods units are 100. What is the required production?
900 units
1,000 units
700 units
600 units

Which of the following must be required for the preparation of Production cost
budget?
Sales in rupees
Cash budget
Flexible budget
Functional budget

Which of the following budget includes an item of indirect material cost?
FOH cost budget
Direct labor cost budget
Direct material cost budget

Which of the following budget includes the item of depreciation of plant?

Variable FOH cost budget
Fixed FOH cost budget

All of the followings are included in Fixed FOH Cost Budget EXCEPT:
Building rent
Insurance
Supervisor’s salary
Heating and lighting

All of the following are the examples of administrative expenses EXCEPT:
Salaries of employees
Utility bills
Interest paid on debt
Depreciation of office equipment

Samson Company is required by the bank to maintain a minimum cash balance of
Rs. 8,000. The Company is preparing a cash budget for February. Samson's
beginning cash balance is Rs. 10,000 and expects cash receipts of Rs. 20,500 and
cash disbursements of Rs. 25,000 (including Rs. 3,000 of depreciation). The
company currently owes the bank Rs. 20,000. In order to have exactly the required
minimum balance at the end of February, Samson must:
Borrow Rs. 500
Repay Rs. 500
Borrow Rs. 2,500
Repay Rs. 2,500

Depreciation relating to plant & machinery is the best example of:
Committed fixed cost
Discretionary fixed cost
Incremental cost
Avoidable cost

Which of the following is a cost that is always irrelevant to decision making?
Opportunity cost
Sunk cost
Direct labour cost

m 367
The Superior Company manufactures paint and uses a process costing system.
During February, Superior started 80,000 gallons of paint. During the month the
company completed 92,000 gallons and transferred them to the mixing department.
Superior had 38,000 gallons in beginning inventory and 26,000 gallons in ending
inventory. Material is added at the beginning of the process and conversion costs
are added evenly throughout the process. Beginning WIP was 30% complete as to
conversion costs and ending WIP was 20% complete as to conversion costs. The
company uses a FIFO costing. The cost data for February follow:
Required:
How many gallons were started and completed this period?
Answer :
Opening work in process = 38,000 gallons

Add Gallons of paint started = 80,000
Total in the department during the period = 1,18,000
Units Transferred out = 92000

Ending work in process = 26000 gallons
Units of opening work in process 38000

Units put into the process 80,000
118,000
Units of closing work in process 26,000
118,000

Product "A" has a contribution of Rs. 8 per unit; a contribution margin ratio is
50% and requires 4 machine hours to produce. Product "B" has a contribution of
Rs. 12 per unit; a contribution margin ratio is 40% and requires 5 machine hours to
m 368
produce. If the constraint is machine hours to produce, then which one of the both
product a company should produce and sell? Support your answer with suitable
workings.
Answer :
WORKING
As the limiting factor in above case is the machine hours so we will go with that
option which gives the maximum contribution margin per machine hour. This
means per one hour usage of machine whichever product maximizes the
contribution margin should be made and sold by the company
PRODUCT PRODUCT
A B
Contribution 8 12
Margin/Unit
Machine 4 5
hour
required per
unit
Contribution 2 Rs 2.4 Rs
per machine
hour
Although one unit of A requires less time in making than one unit of B but because
machine hours is a limiting factor so option B will be taken because it gives more
contribution margin per machine hour than product A. So product B should be
made by the company and sold instead of A.

Liberty Pizzas delivers to the housing societies near Gulberg. The company’s
annual fixed costs are Rs 400,000. The sales price of a normal size pizza is Rs 100
and it costs the company Rs 60 to make and deliver each pizza.
m 369
Required:
1- Calculate the Break even sales in Rs and in Units.
2- How many Pizzas must the company sell to earn a profit of Rs.650,000
Answer :
1- Calculate the Break even sales in Rs and in Units.
Answer :
Sale price per unit = Rs 100

Variable cost per unit = Rs 60
Fixed Cost = Rs. 400,000
Contribution margin per unit = Sale price per unit– Variable Cost per unit
Contribution margin per unit = 100-60 = 40
So contribution margin to sales ration is

C/S = (40/100)X100 = 40%
So break even point in rupees can be calculated as

Break even point in rupees = Fixed Cost/contribution margin ratio
Break even point in rupees = 400,000/.40
Break even point in rupees = 10,00,000 Rs
Break even point in units = Break even point in Rs/ Sale price per unit
Break even point in units = 10,00,000/100
Break even point in units = 10,000 units (10 thousand units)
2- How many Pizzas must the company sell to earn a profit of

Rs.650,000
Answer :
Required profit = Rs 650,000

Required contribution margin = Required profit + Fixed cost
Required contribution margin = 650,000 + 400,000 = Rs. 1,050,000
m 370
Contribution margin per unit = 100 – 60 = 40 Rs
So numbers of pizzas to produce to earn a profit of Rs 650,000 = 1,050,000/40

Numbers of pizzas to produce to earn a profit of Rs 650,000 = 26,250 pizzas

Classify the following expenses as Financial or Administrative expense by
filling the appropriate boxes?
Expenses Nature of expense

Administrative
Salaries of employee Expense
Interest paid on debts Financial Expense
Administrative
Utility Bills Depreciation of Expense
office equipment Administrative
Expense
Interest paid on debentures Financial Expense

Particulars Rs.
Sales 4,000,000
Net income 1480,000
Required:
3- What is the company's contribution margin ratio?
4- What is the company's break-even in units?
5- How many units would the company have to sell to attain a target profit
of Rs. 820,000?
m 371
Answer :
1- What is the company's contribution margin ratio?
Answer :
Contribution margin ratio = (Contribution margin / Sales ) X 100

Contribution margin ratio = (2,200,000/4,000,000)X 100
Contribution margin ratio = 55 %
2- What is the company's break-even in units?
Answer :
Fixed Cost = Rs 720,000

Contribution margin ratio = Rs 2,200,000
Number of units produced and sold = 80,000
Contribution margin per unit = 2,200,000/ 80,000 = Rs 27.5
Break even point in Units = Fixed Cost/ Contribution margin per unit
Break even point in Units = 720,000/ 27,5
Break even point in Units = 26181.82 or approximately 26,182 units
3- How many units would the company have to sell to attain a target profit
of Rs. 820,000?
Answer :
We know that
Contribution margin per unit = Total Contribution margin/ Total units sold
Contribution margin per unit = 2,200,000/80,000 = 27.5 Rs
So target profit = 820,000

Target contribution margin in Rs= 820,000 + 720,000 (fixed cost)
Target contribution margin in Rs = 1,540,000
No. of units = Target contribution margin in rupees/Contribution

margin per unit
No of Units to produce = 1,540,000/27.5 = 56,000 units
So to attain a target profit of Rs 820,000 total units that should be produced

are 56,000 units

The manufacturing Company estimates its factory overhead to be as follows:
Variable rate
Fixed expense per (Rs.) per direct
month Rs. labor hour
Indirect material 2,000
Indirect Labor 900 0.2
Maintenance 1200 0.3
Heat and Light 300
Power 200 0.55
Insurance 270
Taxes 600
Payroll Taxes 0 0.10
Depreciation 1,350
Assuming that the direct labor hours for January, February and March are 2,640,
4,740 and 2,370 hours respectively.
Required:
Prepare factory overhead budget for the first quarter.
*Note Green Marked Answers need verification
Fall 2009
Time: 120 min
Marks: 84
m 373
the contribution margin ratio is 30% for the Spice Co. and the breakeven point in
sales is Rs. 150,000. If the company desires a target net income of Rs. 60,000,
what would have to be the amount of actual sales?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 350,000
Rs. 250,000
Rs. 210,000
Now if the sales as Breakeven are 150,000
and the contribution margin over sales is
30% 150,000 * 30/100 = 45000
Here point arises if the contribution margin is equal to
45000 The fixed cost must be 45000 to get break even
point Now the put the values in formula directly that will
be 45000 + 60000 / .3 = 350000

Multiplying units of finished goods inventory with the cost per unit

All of the following are characteristics of Group Bonus Scheme EXCEPT:
A standard time is set for the completion of a job
If the time taken is greater than the time allowed, the workers in the group
receive time wages
m 374
If the time taken is less than the time allowed, the group receives a bonus on
time saved
If the time taken is greater than the time allowed, the workers in the
group receive time deductions for extra hours

Superior started 80,000 gallons of paint. During the month the company
completed 92,000 gallons and transferred them to the mixing
gallons in ending inventory.
Material is added at the beginning of the process and conversion costs are added
evenly throughout the process.
Beginning WIP was 30% complete as to conversion costs and ending WIP was
20% complete as to conversion costs. The company uses a FIFO costing
The company uses a FIFO costing. The cost data for February follow:
Required:
What was the cost of direct materials in ending inventory?
Rs. 37,560
Rs. 42,600
Rs. 45,550
Rs. 48,750

Jones, Industries uses process costing system. In October, the finishing department
had 30,000 (20% as to conversion) units in beginning work-in -process, 45,000
(40% as to conversion) units in ending inventory and had 95,000 units transferred
in from the previous department. Material is added at the end of the process and
conversion costs are added uniformly throughout the process.
Required: If Jones uses weighted average, what are the equivalent units of
production for direct material and conversion costs?
m 375
Material 125,000 units Conversion cost 45,000 units

Units completed as per material are 100% opening + closing

95,000 +
30,000
1, 25,000
Units complete as per Conversion Cost are 40% as it is mentioned the Material is
added at the end of process and the conversion costs are added uniformly
throughout the process. The 20% as mentioned in question were held by the
finishing department. And we are considering only current in process. So
45, 000 x 40% = 18, 000
As per my knowledge the answer is 3rd option f

An average cost is also known as:
Variable cost
Unit cost
Total cost
Fixed cost

Period costs are:
Not expensed

The net profit or loss for a particular period of time is reported on which of the
following?
Statement of cash flows

Statement of changes in owner's equity
Income statement
Balance sheet

Units sold= Opening finished goods units + Units produced – Closing
finished goods units
Units Sold = Units produced + Closing finished goods units - Opening

Which of the following is important requirement of the effective material control?
There are proper storage facilities
There is a proper authority that will regulate the supply of material
The accounts should provide a running balance of the value of the materials
on hand

Material requisition is a document that supports the requirement of the material.
This document is sent to store incharge and approved by:
Store manager
Production manager
Supplier manager
Purchase manager


Apportionment
m 377
It refers to the costs that cannot be identified with specific cost centre but must be
Which of the following is characteristic of a job order cost accounting system?
It records manufacturing activities using a perpetual inventory system
It tracks cost by job
It is best suited for customized products

A by product:
Is produced from material that would otherwise be of no value
Has a lower selling price than the main product
Is created along with the main product, but its sales value does not cover its
production cost
Always produces a large amount of revenue than the main product

According to marginal costing concept, all fixed costs are considered as:
Period cost
Production cost
Mixed cost
Sunk cost

Direct Costing
Marginal Costing
Indirect Costing

Blackhat Chimney Builders constructed 80 units during 1901. The total sales
value for these 80 units was Rs. 460,000. Variable costs associated with each unit
were Rs. 4,000 and the company's fixed costs for 1901 amounted to Rs. 50,000.
How much was the per-unit contribution margin?
Rs. 750
Rs. 1,125
Rs. 1,750
m 378
Rs. 5,125
sales per unit – variable cost per unit= contribution margin
(460,000/80)-4000 = 1750

Which of the following represents the calculation of contribution margin ratio?
(Sales - Total Expenses) / Sales
(Sales - Fixed Expenses) / Sales
(Sales - Cost of Goods Sold) / Sales
(Sales - Variable Expenses) / Sales

The by-product of oil and fuel is:
Mobil oil and lubricating oils

Kerosene oil and Asphalt and Tar
Gasoline and Petroleum coke
All of the given

Information concerning Label Corporation’s Product A is as follows:
Rs.
Sales price 300,000
Variable cost 240,000
Fixed Cost 40,000
Assuming that Label increased sales of Product A by 20%, the profit of the product
A would be which of the following?
Rs. 20,000
Rs. 24,000
Rs. 32,000
Rs. 80,000
sales – vc = mc- fixed cost = profit

360,000 – 288,000 – 40,000 = 32000
m 379

While constructing a Break even chart, the gap between sales line and variable
cost line shows which of the following?
Fixed cost
Break even point
Contribution margin
Variable cost

If one would prepare a graph with a horizontal axis representing units of
production and a vertical axis representing per-unit production cost, how would a
line representing fixed production cost is drawn?
As a horizontal line
As a vertical line
As a straight line sloping upward to the right
As a straight line sloping downward to the right

All of the following are the objectives of budgeting EXCEPT:
Maximization of sales
Profit maximization
Compete with competitors
Increased cost

Production budget is an example of which of the following budget?
Functional budget
Master budget
Cost of goods sold budget
Sales budget

Consider the following data for the month of April:
Closing stock 80 units
Production 280 units
Sales 330 units
Based on the data, the opening stock for April will have to be:
m 380
► 50 units
► 410 units
► 70 units
► 130 units
330 – 280 +80 = 130

Which of the following is a reason of main difference between production budget
and Production cost budget?
Production budget is constructed in units
Production budget is constructed in Rs.
Production cost budget is constructed in units
Both are same budgets

Which of the following factor would determine the importance of direct labor cost
budget in human resource department?
Provide guidance about the requirements of number of work force
Provide feed back about the working of workforce
How much payroll will have been paid?
How the cost units will be produced?

Usually the first step in the production of the master budget is the:
Sales forecast
Sales budget
Cash budget
Production budget

Production budget
Direct labor budget
Sales budget
http://www.accountingformanagement.com/the_master_budget.htm

Which of the following is NOT example of a cash outflow?
Cash drawings
Commission paid
Depreciation

Which of the following is true about flexible budget?
A budget that always based on actual capacity
A budget that is prepared using spreadsheet model
A budget in which total variable cost remains unchanged
Variable costs per unit will remain unchanged
Ref:
The variable costs change in direct proportion to output if

flexible budgeting approach is adopted, the budget controller can analyze the
variance between
actual costs and budgeted costs depending upon the actual level of activity attained
during a period
of time.

Smith & Company estimate its overheads to produce 80,000 units are Rs.
1,000,000 (60 percent is variable). What would be the budgeted overhead at a
capacity level of 100,000 units?
Rs. 1,050,000
Rs. 1,150,000
Rs. 1,250,000
Rs. 1,450,000

Which of the following is a process by which managers analyze options available
to set courses of action by the organization?
Heuristics method
Decision making
The Delphi technique
m 382
Systematic error

The following monthly data are available for the Boarder, Inc. and its only
product: Unit sales price = Rs. 36 Unit variable expenses = Rs. 28 Total fixed
expenses = Rs. 50,000 Actual sales for the month of May = 7,000 units. The
margin of safety for the company for May was:
Rs. 6,000
Rs. 27,000
Rs. 56,000
Rs. 106,000
[Margin of Safety = Total budgeted or actual sales − Break even sales]

Break even sales = fixed cost/ (contribution margin/sales or c/s)
Contribution margin = s-v.c = 36-28=8 Break even Sales = (50,000)/
(8/36) 225000
Actual sales = 7000*36 = 252000
MOS = (252000-225000) = 27000

Perpetual inventory system is:
A stock control system designed to ensure that the level of stock never falls
to zero
A system of counting and valuing selected stock items at different times on a
perpetually rationing basis
A system of recording receipts and issues of stock as they occur, showing
the resulting balance of each stock item at all times
A system of stock recording which remains unchanged over time,in rder to
monitor trends

D Corporation uses process costing to calculate the cost of manufacturing
Crunchies. During the month 12,500 units were completed, 1,500 units remained in
m 383
work in process at 25 percent completed. How many equivalent units

are produced?
12,500 units
12,875 units
14,250 units
12,125 units
Equivalent units WIP = 1500*.25 = 375
Total = 12500+375 = 12875

is called:
Sunk cost
Differential cost
Opportunity cost
Marginal cost

All of the following are deducted from Gross Profit to calculate
Operating income EXCEPT:
Selling expenses
Financial expenses

A company produces two chemicals in a joint process. Chemical A can be sold at
split off while chemical B currently cost Rs. 12 per gallon for disposal. If chemical
B is further processed, it would cost Rs. 17 per gallon. At what sale price would the
company be in different between disposing of chemical B at split off and further
processing the chemical?
Rs. 5
Rs. 17
Rs. 29
Rs. 7

Which of the following is(are) base(is) of cost allocation under joint products?
Physical quantity ratio

Selling price ratio
Hypothetical market value ratio
All of given options

production level?


Which of the following is NOT the type of a functional budget?
Sales Budget
Raw material budget

Direct labour budget
Cash budget
a budget of income and/or expenditure applicable to a particular function. A
function may refer to a department or a process. Functional budgets frequently
include the following: production cost budget (based on a forecast of production
and plant utilization); marketing cost budget; sales budget; personnel budget;
purchasing budget; and research and development budget.

Which of the following must be required for the preparation of Production cost
budget?
Sales in rupees
Cash budget
Flexible budget
Functional budget
production budget is prepared on the basis of sales budget. sales budget is the key
factor in preparing production budget
m 385

Which of the following budget includes an item of indirect material cost?
FOH cost budget
FOH = Indirect material costs + power heat and light + depreciation + other
manufacturing costs

The following information is available for Atlas Corporation to prepare a cash
budget for the month of September:
Cash on hand beginning of September Rs. 16,000
Expected receipts in September Rs. 272,000
Sales salaries paid Rs. 62,000
Material purchases (all in cash) Rs. 190,000
Depreciation Rs. 44,000
Rs. (8,000)
Rs. 22,000
Rs. 36,000
Rs. 45,000
=16000+272000-62000-190000

Which of the following cost (‘s) will be considered as controllable cost (‘s)?
Direct material
Direct labor
Variable overhead

All of the following costs are irrelevant to decision making EXCEPT:
Incremental cost
Sunk cost
Fixed cost
Supervisor’s routine salary

Which of the following statement is TRUE about opportunity cost?

It is irrelevant to decision making
It is always a sunk cost
It is always a historical cost
It is relevant to decision making
The Midnight Corporation budget department gathered the following data for the
third quarter:
July
Projected Sales (units) 1,000
Selling price per unit (Rs.) 30
Direct material purchase requirement (units) 1,500
Purchase cost per unit (Rs.) 15
Production requirements (units) 800
Direct labor hours Rs. 1.5 per unit

Direct Labor rate Rs. 2.5 per direct labor hour
Fixed FOH is Rs. 2600, included depreciation Rs. 300
Selling and Admin expense 4% of sales
Net Income before tax is as follows
m 387
July 8,000
August 10,000
September 8,000
All sales and purchase are for cash and all expenses are paid in the month incurred.
Assuming that the opening cash balance on July 01 is Rs. 40,000 and tax rate is
35%,
Requirement:
Prepare cash budget for the month of July.
1900
Why is the selection of an appropriate cost allocation method in Joint

Products important?
The following information is available for the month of June from the Alpha
department of the Greek Corporation:
Units
Work in process June 01 (80% complete as to 40,000
conversion)
Started in June 165,000
Work in process June 30 (60% complete as to 30,000
conversion)
Materials are added at the beginning of the process in the Alpha department.
Required: Using the average cost method, what are the equivalent units of
production for the month of June?
The Carter Manufacturing Company estimates its production requirements to be

30,000 units for October, 38,000 units for November and 41,000 units for
December. It takes 3 direct labor hours at a rate of Rs. 3 per hour to complete one
unit.
Prepare direct Labor budget cost for the last quarter of the year.
Consider the following data:
Sales Rs.100 Per unit

Material Rs.10 Per unit
Labor Rs.10 Per unit
FOH Rs.5 Per unit
Fixed FOH Rs. 50,00,000
Units produced 1,00,000 units
& sold
Required:
m 389
Income statement under variable costing
Break Even point in rupees
Margin of safety ratio at the given sales level
MOS
Solution
BE in Rs = fixed cost /(Contribution margin /Sales)
50,00,000/(75/100) = 6,666,667
BE in units = fixed cost / (Sales –VC)
= 50,00,000/(100-25) = 66,667
MOS = Actual sales – BE sales
=10,000,000 - 6,666,667 = 3,333,333
Ahmed manufacturing company’s projected sales of Rs. 850,000 for the next year.
The budgeted data proposed by Cost Accountants are as follows:
Material: Rs. 115,000
Labor: 95,000
m 390
FOH: 65,000
The company’s opening finished goods inventory are Rs. 35,000 and ending
finished goods inventory are Rs. 55,000. The fixed portion of administrative and
selling expenses is estimated as 7% and 12% of sales respectively and variable
portion of administrative and selling expenses is estimated as 6% and 14% of sales
respectively.
The financial charges are estimated Rs. 5,500 and the tax rate is 30%.
Required: Prepare the projected income statement for the period
FINALTERM EXAMINATION MGT402- Cost & Management

Accounting (Session - 4)
Marks: 84
All of the following are the features of fixed costs EXCEPT:
Although fixed within a relevant range of activity level but are relevant to
a decision making when it is avoidable.
Although fixed within a relevant range of activity level but are relevant to a
decision making when it is incremental.
Generally it is irrelevant
m 391
It is relevant to decision making under any circumstances
The total cost of the beginning inventory was Rs. 60,000. During the month,
50,000 units were transferred out. The equivalent unit cost was computed to be Rs.
4.00 for materials and Rs. 7.40 for conversion costs under the weighted-average
method.
With the help of given information, what was the total cost of the units completed
and transferred out during the month.
Rs. 480,000
Rs. 570,000
Rs. 540,000
Rs. 510,000
Cost of incoming freight on merchandise to be sold to customers by a retail

chain would be considered by that merchandiser to be:
Prime costs
Inventoriable costs
Period costs
m 392
Fixed cost
Sunk cost
Opportunity cost
The second name of explicit cost is?
Opportunity cost
Out of pocket cost
Implicit cost
The net profit or loss for a particular period of time is reported on which of
the following?
Statement of cash flows
Statement of changes in owner's equity
Income statement
Balance sheet
m 393
Which of the following is deducted from purchases in order to get the value of
Net purchases?
Purchases returns
Carriage inward
Custom duty
FIFO
LIFO
Weighted Average
A store sells five cases of soda each day. Ordering costs are Rs. 8 per order, and
soda costs Rs. 3 per case. Orders arrive four days from the time they are placed.
Daily holding costs are equal to 5% of the cost of the soda. What is the EOQ for
soda?
4 cases
8 cases
10 cases
m 394
23 cases
If, Basic Salary Rs.10,000
Amount of commission received will be:
Rs. 3,500
Rs. 13,500
Rs. 10,000
Rs. 6,500
Increased cost of production due to high labor turnover is a result of which of

the following factor?
Interruption of production
Coordination between new and old employee to produce more
Increased production due to newly motivated employees
Decrease losses as new employees will be more concerned towards output
The use of a single blanket rate makes the apportionment of overhead

costs unnecessary
necessary
uniform

What would be the applied rate.
Rs.2.00 per labor hour
Which of the following is the best define a by-product?

insignificant by comparison with that of the main product or products
unpredictable
Which of the following method of accounting for joint product cost will produce
the same gross profit rate for all products?
m 397
Actual costing method
Services received method
Market value method
Physical quantity method
Profit under absorption costing will be higher than under marginal costing if:
Produced units > Units sold
Produced units < Units sold
Produced units =Units sold
Profit cannot be determined with given statement
Which of the following costs do NOT change when the activity base fluctuates?
Variable costs
Discretionary costs
Fixed costs
Mixed costs
In CVP analysis, when the number of units sold changes, which one of the
following will remain the same?
m 398
Total contribution margin
Total sales revenues
Total variable costs
Total fixed costs
Terrell, Inc. sells a single product at a selling price of Rs. 40 per unit. Variable
costs are Rs. 22 per unit and fixed costs are Rs. 82,800. Terrell's break- even point
is:
Rs. 184,000
3,764 units
Rs. 150,540
2,070 units
Opening work-in- 2,000 litres,100% completed to material, 40% as to

process conversion cost
Material put in
Closing work-in- 3,000 litres,100% completed to material and 45%
process as to conversion cost
m 399
Required: The numbers of equivalent units as to material, using FIFO method

would be:
24,000 units
26,000 units
28,000 units
20,000 units
Opening work-in 2,000 litres,100% completed to material, 40% as to

process conversion cost
Material put in
Closing work-in- 3,000 litres,100% completed to material and 45%
process as to conversion cost
Required: The numbers of equivalent units as to Conversion cost, using FIFO

method would be:
26,000 units
25,550 units
24,200 units
24,350 units
m 400
The by-product of flour is:
Fats
Bran
Glycerin
Meat Hides
Budgeted sales
Break Even sales
Margin of safety
Contribution margin
All of the following are assumptions in constructing a Break even chart EXCEPT:
There is no change of time value of money
Price of cost factors remains constant
m 401
Long term period will be considered
Cost is affected by volume
When using conventional cost-volume-profit analysis, some assumptions about

costs and sales prices are made. Which one of the following is NOT one of those
assumptions?
The sales price will remain unchanged per unit
The actual variable cost per unit must vary over the production range
The costs can be expressed as straight lines in a break-even graph
The variable cost will remain unchanged per unit
Which one of the following is NOT a tool of financial forecasting?
Cash budget
Capital budget
Pro forma balance sheet
Pro forma income statement
Which of the following factor/s should be considered while constructing an

administrative selling expense budget?
Fixed expenses
m 402
Past experience
Variable expenses
Production budget
Direct labor budget
Sales budget
Financial managers use which of the following to plan for monthly financing
needs?
Capital budget
Cash budget
m 403
When using a flexible budget, a decrease in production levels within a relevant

range:
Decreases variable cost per unit
Decreases total costs
Increases total fixed costs
Increases variable cost per unit
The decision to drop a product line should be based on:
The fact that the product line shows a net loss over several periods
The ability of the firm to eliminate some fixed costs as a result of dropping the
product
Whether the fixed costs that can be avoided by dropping the product line are
less than the contribution margin that will be lost
Whether the fixed costs that can be avoided by dropping the product line are
greater than the contribution margin lost
is called:
Sunk cost
Differential cost
Opportunity cost
m 404
Marginal cost
If sales is greater than cost, it means:
Profit
Loss
Neither profit nor Loss
If, Total fixed cost Rs. 2,000, Variable manufacturing cost Rs. 3,000, Variable
selling cost Rs. 1,000 and Sales Rs. 10,000 then what will be the profit under
absorption costing?
Rs.7,000
Rs.5,000
Rs.4,000
Rs.8,000
Which of the following cannot becomes a part of product cost under

absorption costing?
m 405
Selling cost
Direct materials
Variable manufacturing overhead
A company ABC has contribution to sales ratio of 35%, variable cost to sales ratio
of 65% and a profit to sales ratio of 17%. What will be the margin of safety ratio?
48.6%
53.8%
26.2%
It can not be calculated from the given data
Which of the following is TRUE at Break even point?
Profit is zero
Fixed cost + variable cost = sales
Fixed cost = contribution margin
Which one of the following factors would caused a budgeted revenue to be less
than the expected demand?
Excess capacity exists
Abundant resources are available
Demand exceeds capacity
Excess supply of labor exists
If:
Cost of goods available for sales Rs. 7,000
Cost of opening finished goods inventory is Rs. 1,000
Commercial expenses Rs. 2,000.
Which of the following is the cost of goods to be produced?
Rs. 6,000
Rs. 4,000
Rs. 8,000
Rs. 10,000
If:
Cost of opening finished goods Rs. 2,000
m 407
Cost of goods to be produced Rs. 6,000
Operating expenses Rs. 1,000.
Which of the following is the cost of goods available for sale?
Rs. 8,000
Rs. 4,000
Rs. 7,000
Rs. 9,000
All of the following are features of a relevant cost EXCEPT:
They affect the future cost
They cause an increment in cost
Relevant cost is a sunk cost
They affect the future cash flows
Which of the following statement is TRUE about the relevant cost?
It is a sunk cost
It is an opportunity cost
It do not affect the decision making process
m 408
All costs are relevant
A company produced a desired level of product ‘A’ in 5,500 Hours. The standard
hours required to produce the same product are 5,000 Hours. What is the amount
& nature of variance?
500 hours (Favorable)
500 hours (Unfavorable)
5,000 hours (Favorable)
5,000 hours (Unfavorable)
Which of the following cost would be increases with an increase in activity level?
Incremental cost
Avoidable cost
Sunk cost
Opportunity cost
An ice factory has a contribution margin of Rs. 450,000 and fixed cost for the year
amounts to Rs. 495,000. The fixed cost of Rs. 215,000 can be eliminated if the
operations are to be closed during winter season. An extra sale of Rs. 25,000 is also
expected during winter season. What would be the decision?
Operations would be closed during winter season
m 409
Operations would be continued as we are having extra sales in winter

season
Operations would be partially closed
A contract will be accepted in which of the following condition?
If it reduces the contribution margin
If it increases the contribution margin
If it increases the fixed cost
If it decreases sales revenue
Which of the following statement is TRUE about opportunity cost?
It is irrelevant to decision making
It is always a sunk cost
It is always a historical cost
It is relevant to decision making
Define contribution margin?
m 410
It is sales value of a cost unit minus its variable cost and therefore, the amount
remaining to cover Fixed Expenses and generate profit
What is a principle budget factor?
Some factor like labor or material which are short in supply .
This could be because of shortage of material, staff hours , machine capacity even
money.
It is the factor which ultimately decide the activity level planned. Like a company
wanted to produce 100,000 pieces of computer but skilled labor available is able
to produce only.
So labor is principle budget factor in this case.
Ali Company produces and sells Amrat Cola to retailers. The Cola is bottled in 2-
litter plastic bottles. The estimated budgeted sales for the year 2009 would be Rs.
360,000 and the estimated Profit for the year 2009 would be Rs 10,000.
The Margin of safety Ratio is calculated as 20%.
m 411
Required: Breakeven Sales for the year 2009
Absolute amount of mos = 360,000 * 20% = 72,000
MOS = budgeted sales – break even sales
Break even sales = Budgeted sales – MOS
= 360,000 – 72,000 = 288,000
The management of Franco Corporation is concerned about department B, which

showed a loss of Rs. 1,300 last quarter. You have been asked to prepare an analysis
that will help management to decide whether to discontinue the department. Below
is the Franco’s Income Statement for last quarter:
Department
A Department B Total
Sales (Rs) 260,000 130000 390,000
Variable Cost (Rs) 156,000 117000 273,000
Contribution
margin 104,000 13,000 117,000
Less: Fixed Costs:
Separable (Rs) 11,300 5700 17,000
m 412
Joint (Rs) 17,400 8600 26,000

Total 28,700 14300 43,000
Profit (Loss) (Rs) 75,300 (1,300) 74,000
Showing all calculations, determine the effect of closing department B on Franco

Corporation and make a recommendation.
Classify following organization with respect to cost accumulation procedure

generally used either Job order costing or Process costing by filling the
appropriate boxes given below.
Industries Costing Procedure to be

applied
Paint Process Costing
Leather Process Costing
Printing press Job Order
Wood furniture Job Order
Steel Process Costing
Jewelry items Job Order
Accounting firms Job Order
Mobile phones Job Order
Tires and tubes Process Costing
Sugar Process Costing
Ali and Co. has sales of Rs. 50,000 in March and Rs. 60,000 in April. Forecasted
sales for May, June and July are Rs. 70,000, Rs. 80,000 and 100,000 respectively.
m 413
The firm has a cash balance of Rs. 5,000 on May 01 and wishes to maintain a
minimum cash balance of Rs. 5,000. Given the following data, prepare a cash
budget for the month of May, June and July.
The firm makes 20% of sales for cash, 60% are collected in the next
month and the remaining 20% are collected in the second month following
the sale.
The firm receives other income of Rs. 2,000 per month.
The firm’s actual or expected purchases, all made for cash, are Rs.
50,000, Rs. 70,000 and Rs. 80,000 for the months of May through July,
respectively.
Rent is Rs. 3,000 per month.
Wages and salaries are 10% of the previous month’s sales.
Cash dividends of Rs. 3,000 will be paid in June.
Payment of principal and interest of Rs. 4,000 is due in June.
A cash purchase of equipment costing Rs. 6,000 is scheduled in July.
Taxes of Rs. 6,000 are due in June.
Cash budget for the month of May
Opening balance of cash Rs. 5,000
Add: receipts 62000
Total amount of cash 67000
Less: payments (59000)
Closing balance of cash 8000
Receipts = cash sales+ Previous month sales + Previous last 2 months sales
+ receives other income
14000+ 36000 + 10000 + 2000 = 62000
Rs.70000 *20% = 14000
Previous month sales = 60000*60/100=36000 Previous
last 2 months sales = 50000 * 20/100 = 10000
Payments = purchases + Rent + Wages and salaries 10% of the previous

month’s sales
=50000 + 3,000 + 10% * 60000 = 59000
Cash budget for the month of June
Cash budget for the month of May
Add: receipts 76000
Closing balance of cash (9000)
14000 + 48000 + 12000 + 2000 = 76000
=70000*20/100 = 14000
Previous month sales =80000* 60/100 = 48000
Previous last 2 months sales = 60000*20/100=12000
Payments = purchases + Rent + Wages and salaries 10% of the previous

month’s sales + Payment of principal and interest + Taxes
70000 + 3000 + 7000 + 4000 + 6000 = 90000
Cash budget for the month of July
Add: receipts 92000
m 416
Closing balance of cash 0

60000 + 14000 + 16000 +2000 = 92000
100000*60/100 = 60000 70000*20/100=14000
80000*20/100=16000
Payments = purchases + Rent + Wages and salaries 10% of the previous month’s
sales + cash purchase of equipment
= 80000 + 3000 + 8000 + 6000= 97000
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Ref No:
Time: 60 min
Marks: 47
m 417
StudentID:
Cente
r: OPKST
5/29/2010 12:00:00
ExamDate: AM
For Teacher's Use

Only
Tota
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 l
No.
Marks
Q No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Marks
Q No. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Marks
Q No. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Marks
Q No. 33 34 35 36 37
Marks
m 418
Which of the following is added in purchases in order to get

the value of Net purchases?
Purchases returns
Carriage inward
Trade discount
Rebates
A
typical factory overhead cost is:
Distribution
Internal audit
Design
Costs that change in response to alternative courses of action

are called:
Relevant costs
m 419
Differential costs
Target costs
Sunk costs
Which of the following best describes the manufacturing costs?
Direct materials, direct labor and factory overhead
Direct materials and direct labor only
Direct materials, direct labor, factory overhead, and

administrative overhead
Direct labor and factory overhead
If,
COGS = Rs. 50,000
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 66,667
Rs. 62,500
Rs. 400,000
m 420

Units sold= Opening finished goods units + Units
produced – Closing finished goods units
Units Sold = Units produced + Closing finished goods
units - Opening finished goods units
When prices are rising over time, which of the following

inventory costing methods will result in the lowest gross
margin?
FIFO
LIFO
Weighted Average
Which of the following would be the effect, if inventory is

not properly measured?
m 421

Question No:
9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If
,
Rs. 3,500
Rs. 13,500
Rs. 10,000
Rs. 6,500
The total cost of factory overhead needs to be distributed

among specific cost centers.
m 422
The term Cost apportionment is referred to:

among specific cost centers but must be divided among the
concerned department/cost centers.
among specific cost centers.

Budgeted
(Rs.) Actual (Rs.)
m 423

PEL
co found that a production volume of 400 units corresponds to
production cost of Rs, 10,000 and that a production volume of 800
units corresponds to production costs of Rs.12,000. The variable
cost per unit would be?
Rs. 5.00 per unit
Rs. 1.50 per unit
Rs. 2.50 per unit
Rs. 0.50 per unit
Which of the following loss is expected in manufacturing process

and represents a necessary cost of processing the marketable
units?
Operating loss
Abnormal loss
m 424
Normal loss
Extraordinary loss
None of the above.
A
company applied overheads on machine hours which were
budgeted at 11,250 with overhead of Rs.258, 750.Actual results were
10,980 hours with overheads of Rs.254, 692. Overhead were?

1) one
The components of total factory cost are:
Direct Labor + FOH
Prime Cost only

Prime Cost + FOH
The FIFO inventory costing method (when using a

perpetual inventory system) assumes that the cost of
the earliest units purchased is allocated in which of the
following ways?

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the basic

economic-order quantity model?

m 426
Which of the following is NOT reason of abnormal loss?
Machine breakdown
Poor workmanships
Natural disaster
Complete the following table when activity level increases

above the normal level:
Per unit Total
Variable cost ? ?
Decrease, Decrease
Increase, Increase
m 427
Constant, Increase
Increase, Decrease
You are required to calculate number of units sold of ABC Fans

Company for the first quarter of the year with the help of given
information.
Inventory opening
Finished goods (100

fans) Rs. 43000
Inventory closing
Finished goods (200

fans) Not known
No of units
manufactured 567 units
300 units
767 units
467 units
667 units
m 428
Given data that:
Work in Process Opening

Inventory Rs. 20,000
What will be the value of cost of goods manufactured?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 210,000
Rs. 220,000
Rs. 240,000
In
cost accounting, unavoidable loss is charged to which of
the following?
Factory over head control account

m 429
Work in process control account
Marketing overhead control account
Administration overhead control account
Payroll includes:
Salaries & Wages of Administrative staff
Salaries & Wages of direct labor, Indirect

labor, and Administrative & Selling Staff
Which of the given statement is CORRECT for Indirect Labor?
It is charged to factory over head account
It is charged to work in process
It is entire production
It is charged to administrative expenses

1) one
A
production worker paid salary of Rs. 700 per month plus an extra Rs. 5
for each unit produced during the month. This labor cost is best
described as:
A fixed cost
A variable cost
A semi variable cost
A step fixed cost
Calculate Estimated FOH with the help of given data:
Estimated Direct labour 50,000

hours Hours
Overhead absorption Rs.

rate 5.00/hour
Rs. 25,000
Rs. 50,000
Rs. 75,000
m 431
Rs. 250,000
In
which of the situation spending variance will give unfavorable result?
Actual factory overhead is less than absorbed factory

overhead
Actual factory overhead is greater than absorbed factory
overhead
Budgeted factory overhead for actual volume is less than
actual factory overhead
Absorbed factory overhead less than budgeted factory
overhead for actual volume
All
the given statements regarding job cost sheets are incorrect EXCEPT:
Job cost sheet shows only direct materials cost on that

specific job
Job cost sheet must show the selling costs associated with
a specific job
Job cost sheet must show the administrative costs
associated with a specific job
m 432
Job cost sheet shows direct materials cost, direc labour cost
and factory overhead costs associated with a specific job
In
process costing, each producing department is a:
Cost unit
Cost centre
Investment centre
Sales centre
With reference to cost of production report, cost accounted for as

follows is also known as:
Cost reconciliation
Bank reconciliation
Cash reconciliation
Capital reconciliation

1) one
Units
Units still in
process (100%material, 75% 4,000
conversion )
Lost units 2,000

0
6,000 units
44,000 units
52,000 units
56,000 units
Put into process 5,000 kg
Materials Rs. 2,500
Labor Rs.700
Production
overheads 200% of labor
Normal losses are 10% of input in the process. The out put for the
period was 4,200 Kg from the process. There was no opening and
closing Work- in- process. What were the units of abnormal loss?
500 units
300 units
200 units
100 units
50,
000 units were received from preceding department, 9,000 units
were still in process at the end of month (complete all material, 75%
Labour & FOH). 500 lost units were 60% complete as to material and
conversion costs. This loss is considered as abnormal and is to be
charged to factory overhead.
Required: You are required to calculate equivalent units of

material, labour and factory overhead.

m 435
Irfan Industries Limited has two production departments A and B

and two mutually interdependent service departments X and Y.
Cost of service departments is apportioned on the basis of
following %ages:
A B X Y
Service
30 20
department X 50% % - %
Service
50 10
department Y 40% % % -
Following figures of departmental costs are available after the

primary distribution:
Departmen Departme
tA 15,750 nt B 7,500
Departmen Departme
tX 11,750 nt Y 5,000
Calculate total factory overhead of production department by

preparing a work sheet showing the secondary distribution
using Repeated apportionment method.
Solution
http://vustudents.ning.co 436
m
Irfan Industries Limited Work Sheet showing secondary distribution
Repeated apportionment method
Production Service
Particulars department department
A B X Y
Departmental
Cost after
Primary
distribution 15,750 7,500 11,750 5,000
Secondary
distribution
Service
department X 5,875 3,525 (11,750) 2,350
Service
department Y 2,940 3,675 735 7,350
Service
department X 368 220 (735) 147
Service
department Y 59 73 15 147
Service
department X 7 5 (15) 3
1 2 - 3
Service
m 437
department Y
Total 25,000 15,000 0 0
Question No: ( Marks:

37 5)
Fac
is Rs
tory overhead absorption rate of a pharmaceutical 2.50.
Budgeted Factory overhead at two activity levels is as follows for
that period.
Activity Budgeted factory

level overhead
Low 20,000 Rs. 45,000

Hours
High 40,000 Rs. 75,000

Hours
Actual Factory overhead for that period was Rs. 42,000 and actual
volume was 25,000 hours.
Required:
Variable factory overhead absorption rate

Budgeted variable factory overhead at high activity level
40,000 hours.
Budgeted fixed factory overhead
m 438
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
D
Corporation uses process costing to calculate the cost of
manufacturing Crunchies. During the month 12,500 units
were completed, 1,500 units remained in work in process at
25 percent completed. How many equivalent units are
produced?
12,500 units
12,875 units
14,250 units
12,125 units
Greenwood petroleum has the data for the year was as follow:
Opening WIP 26,000 barrels.
67,000 barrels
Introduced during
m 439
the year
Closing WIP 15,000 barrels.
How many barrels were completed and transferred out of work-in-

process this period?
67,000 barrels
78,000 barrels
82,000 barrels
93,000 barrels
During the year 50,000 units put in to process.30, 000 units

were completed. Closing WIP were 20,000 units, 70%
completed. How much the equivalent units of output would
be produced?
20,000 units
30,000 units
36,000 units
m 440
44,000 units
What would be the effect on the cost of a department in case

of normal Loss?
Decreased
Increased
No effect
Increase to the %age of loss
When 10,000 ending units of work-in-process are 30%

completed as to conversion, it means:
Each unit has been completed to 70% of its final stage
In
order to compute equivalent units of production, which of
the following must be reasonably estimated?
m 441
Units
The percentage of completion
In
a job order cost system, the use of direct materials would
be recorded as a debit to:
Finished Goods inventory
Raw Materials inventory
Work in Process inventory
If
management predicts total direct labor costs of Rs. 100,000
and total overhead costs of Rs. 200,000, what is its
predetermined overhead rate based on direct labor costs?
50%
100%
200%
m 442
P
Ltd applied overheads on the basis of direct labor hours. The
overhead applied rate for the period has been based on budgeted
overhead of Rs.150, 000 and 50,000 direct labor hours. During the
period overhead of Rs. 180,000 were incurred and 60,000 direct labor
hours were used.
Which of the following statement is correct?
Overhead was Rs.30,000 over applied
Overhead was Rs.30,000 under applied
No under or over applied occurred

None of the given
Raymond Corporation estimates factory overhead of Rs. 345,000

for next fiscal year. It is estimated that 60,000 units will be
produced at a material cost of Rs. 575,000. Conversion will
require 34,500 direct labor hours at a cost of Rs. 10 per hour, with
25,875 machine hours.
FOH rate on the bases of Prime cost would be?
Rs. 37.5 per unit
Rs. 56.6 per unit
m 443
Rs. 60 per unit
Rs.1 per unit

Budgeted
(Rs.) Actual (Rs.)

The use of a single blanket rate makes the

apportionment of overhead costs unnecessary
m 444
The use of a single blanket rate makes the apportionment of

overhead costs necessary
The use of a single blanket rate makes the apportionment of
overhead costs uniform
A
Blanket Rate is:
A single rates which used throughout the

organisation departments
A double rates which used throughout the organisation
departments
A single rates which used in different departments of
the organisation.
None of the Given
It is
possible for an item of overhead expenditure to be shared amongst
many departments. It is also possible that this same item may relate
to just one specific department.
If the item was not charged specifically to a single department

m 445
Apportionment
Allocation
Re-apportionment
Absorption
FOH absorption rate is calculated by the way of:
Estimated FOH Cost/Direct labor hours
Estimated FOH Cost/Direct labor cost
Estimated FOH Cost/Machine hours
Which of the following is / are time based incentive wage plan?
Hasley Premium Plan
m 446
Rowan Premium Plan

Question No:
17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If
,
Rs. 3,500
Rs. 13,500
Rs. 10,000
Rs. 6,500
Payroll includes:

Salaries & Wages of direct labor, Indirect
labor, and Administrative
m 447
Which of the following document evidences the transaction

of purchase of material?
Material requisition
Store requisition
Purchase order
Purchase invoice
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the basic

economic-order quantity model?

A
store sells five cases of soda each day. Ordering costs are Rs. 8 per
order, and soda costs Rs. 3 per case. Orders arrive four days from the
m 448
time they are placed. Daily holding costs are equal to 5% of the
cost of the soda. What is the EOQ for soda?
4 cases
8 cases
10 cases
23 cases
All
of the following are deducted from Gross Profit to calculate
Operating income EXCEPT:
Selling expenses
Financial expenses
Which of the following is CORRECT to calculate cost of

goods manufactured?
m 449
The beginning work in process inventory plus

total manufacturing costs and subtract the ending
work in process inventory
Beginning raw materials inventory plus direct labor
plus factory overhead
Conversion costs and work in process inventory
adjustments results in cost of goods manufactured
Direct materials
Indirect materials
Factory utilities
The salary of factory clerk is treated as:
Direct labor cost

Indirect labor cost
Conversion cost
Prime cost
m 450
The components of the conversion cost are:

Direct Labor + FOH
Prime Cost + FOH+ Other Direct Cost
Prime Cost + FOH
The cost of Telephone bill of the factory is treated as:
Fixed cost
Variable cost
Step cost
Semi variable cost
Which of the following is a cost that changes in proportion

to changes in volume?
m 451
Fixed cost
Sunk cost
Opportunity cost
Planning
Controlling
Sharing
Costing
If a
predetermined FOH rate is not applied and the volume of
production is reduced from the planned capacity level, the cost per
unit expected to:
Remain unchanged for fixed cost and increased for variable

cost
Increase for fixed cost and remain unchanged for variable

cost
Increase for fixed cost and decreased for variable cost
Decrease for both fixed and variable costs

m 452
All
of the following are characteristics of Group Bonus Scheme EXCEPT:
If the time taken is greater than the time allowed, the workers
in the group receive time wages
If the time taken is less than the time allowed, the group
receives a bonus on time saved
If the time taken is greater than the time allowed, the
workers in the group receive time deductions for extra
hours
Which of the following is TRUE when piece rate system is used for
wage determination?
Under this method of remuneration a worker is paid on the
basis of time taken by him to perform the work
Under this method of remuneration a worker is paid on
the basis of production
The rate is expressed in terms of certain sum of money for
total production
The rate is not expressed in terms of certain sum of money for
total production
m 453
Under Halsey premium plan, if the employee completes his job in

less than the standard time fixed for the job, he is given:
Only wages for the actual hours taken
Wages for the actual hours taken plus bonus equal to

one half of the wage of the time saved
Wages for the actual hours taken plus bonus equal to one
third of the wage of the time saved
Only the bonus equal to one half of the time saved
Which of the following is NOT a reason for carrying inventory?
To maintain independence of operations
To take advantage of economic purchase-order size

To make the system less productive
To meet variation in product demand
Restocking of stores, in order to ensure efficient functioning of

the stores department and steady flow of materials to the
production departments, is duty of:
m 454
Managers
Storekeeper
Production In charge
Sales supervisor
You made Rs. 10,000 loan to your cousin's company. At the end
of one year, the company returned to you Rs. 10,850. The Rs.
850 is called which one of the following?
Increases in loan
The net sales of the business totals Rs. 200,000 and the Cost of
Goods Sold for the same period totals Rs.146,000. What is the
gross margin ratio?
0.22
0.25
0.27
0.33
m 455
If,
Gross profit = Rs. 40,000
What will be the value of cost of goods sold?
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 120,000
Rs. 40,000
Cost accountants are concerned about the ratios relating to the

Profits and Manufacturing costs. These ratios might include:
Gross Mark up rate
Cost of goods sold to sales ratio
The total cost to produce one unit is Rs. 600. Direct materials are 20%
m 456
of the total cost and direct labor is 1/3 of the combined total
of direct labor and direct materials. What was the cost for
direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead?
Rs. 420, Rs. 60 and Rs. 120, respectively
Rs 60, Rs. 420 and Rs. 120, respectively
CK
Products Limited purchased materials of Rs. 550,000 and
incurred direct labor of Rs. 420,000 during the year ended
June 30, 2006. Factory overheads for the year were
Rs.380,000. The inventory balances are as follows:
July 1, June 30,

2005 2006
Rupees Rupees
Finished goods 90,000 105,000
Work in process 121,000 110,000
Materials 100,000 105,000
Required:
Cost Of Goods Manufactured Statement.

Cost Of Goods Sold Statement.
m 457
ANSWER:
CK Products Limited
Cost of Goods sold statement
For the year ended June 30, 2006
Rupees
100,00
Opening inventory 0
550,00
Add: purchases 0
105,00
Less: Closing inventory 0
Direct material used 545000

420,00
Add: Direct labour 0
965,0
Prime Cost 00
Add: factory overhead cost 380,000
1,345,0
Total factory cost 00
121,00
Add: opening work in process 0
1,466,0
Cost of goods to be manufactured 00
110,00
Less: closing work in process 0
1,356,0
Cost of goods manufactured 00
Add: Opening finished goods 90,000
1,446,00
Cost of goods to be sold 0
105,00
Less: closing finished goods 0
1,341,00
Cost of goods sold 0
m 458
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Sprin 2009
MT402- Cost & Manaement Accountin (Session - 2)

D Corporation uses process costin to calculate the cost of manufacturin Crunchies.
Durin the month 12,500 units were completed, 1,500 units remained in work in
process at 25 percent completed. How many equivalent units are produced?
12,500 units
12,875 units
14,250 units
12,125 units
25% of 1500 completed = 1500*.25 = 375
375+12500 = 12875
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one reenwood

petroleum has the data for the year was as follow:
Openin WIP 26,000 barrels.

Introduced durin the year 67,000 barrels
Closin WIP 15,000 barrels.
How many barrels were completed and transferred out of work-in-process this
period?
► 67,000 barrels
► 78,000 barrels
► 82,000 barrels
► 93,000 barrels

Durin the year 50,000 units put in to process.30, 000 units were completed.
Closin WIP were 20,000 units, 70% completed. How much the equivalent units of
output would be produced?
20,000 units
30,000 units/
36,000 units
44,000 units
70%of WIP completed = 2000*.70= 1400
30,000+1400= 44,000

What would be the effect on the cost of a department in case of normal Loss?
Decreased
Increased
No effect
Increase to the %ae of loss

When 10,000 endin units of work-in-process are 30% completed as to
conversion, it means:
Each unit has been completed to 70% of its final stae

In order to compute equivalent units of production, which of the followin must
be reasonably estimated?
Units
The percentae of completion

In a job order cost system, the use of direct materials would be recorded as a
debit to:
Finished oods inventory
Manufacturin Overhead
Raw Materials inventory (not confirm)
m 460

If manaement predicts total direct labor costs of Rs. 100,000 and total overhead
costs of Rs. 200,000, what is its predetermined overhead rate based on direct labor
costs?
50%
100%
200%

P Ltd applied overheads on the basis of direct labor hours. The overhead applied
rate for the period has been based on budeted overhead of Rs.150, 000 and 50,000
direct labor hours. Durin the period overhead of Rs. 180,000 were incurred and
60,000 direct labor hours were used.
Which of the followin statement is correct?

None of the iven

Raymond Corporation estimates factory overhead of Rs. 345,000 for next fiscal
year. It is estimated that 60,000 units will be produced at a material cost of Rs.
575,000. Conversion will require 34,500 direct labor hours at a cost of Rs. 10 per
hour, with 25,875 machine hours.
FOH rate on the bases of Prime cost would be?

Rs. 37.5 per unit
Rs. 56.6 per unit
Rs. 60 per unit
Rs.1 per unit
Prime cost $345000/$920000x100=37.50%
base of different factors

Unit of Production: $ 345000/60,000 = $ 5.75 per unit
Material cost: $345000/$575000 x 100 = 60%

m 461
3. Labor cost $345000/$345000x100 = 100%
Labor Hours $345000/34500 = $10 per Labor Hour
Machine Hours $345000/$25875 = $13.33 per Machine Hour
6. Prime cost $345000/$920000x100=37.50%

Nelson Company has followin FOH detail.
Budeted (Rs.) Actual (Rs.)


Which of the followin isTRUE reardin the use of blanket rate?
The use of a sinle blanket rate makes the apportionment of overhead
costs unnecessary
The use of a sinle blanket rate makes the apportionment of overhead costs
necessary
The use of a sinle blanket rate makes the apportionment of overhead costs
uniform
None of the iven options

A Blanket Rate is:
A sinle rates which used throuhout the oranisation departments
A double rates which used throuhout the oranisation departments
A sinle rates which used in different departments of the oranisation.
None of the iven
m 462

It is possible for an item of overhead expenditure to be shared amonst many
departments. It is also possible that this same item may relate to just one
specific department.
If the item was not chared specifically to a sinle department this would be
an example of:
Apportionment
Allocation
Re-apportionment
Absorption

FOH absorption rate is calculated by the way of:
Estimated FOH Cost/Direct labor hours

Estimated FOH Cost/Direct labor cost
Estimated FOH Cost/Machine hours
All of the iven options
Hasley Premium Plan

Rowan Premium Plan

Rs. 3,500
Rs. 13,500
Rs. 10,000
m 463
Rs. 6,500

Payroll includes:
Salaries & Waes of direct labor
Salaries & Waes of Indirect labor
Salaries & Waes of Administrative
Salaries & Waes of direct labor, Indirect labor, and Administrative
Which of the followin document evidences the transaction of purchase

of material?
Material requisition
Store requisition
Purchase order
Purchase invoice

Which of the followin isNOT an assumption of the basic economic-order
quantity model?
Orderin cost is known
Carryin cost is known

A store sells five cases of soda each day. Orderin costs are Rs. 8 per order, and
soda costs Rs. 3 per case. Orders arrive four days from the time they are
placed. Daily holdin costs are equal to 5% of the cost of the soda. What is the
EOQ for soda?
4 cases
8 cases
10 cases
23 cases

All of the followin are deducted from ross Profit to calculate
Operatin income EXCEPT:
Sellin expenses
Advertisin expenses
m 464
Financial expenses

Which of the followin isCORRECT to calculate cost of oods manufactured?
Direct labor costs plus total manufacturin costs

The beinnin work in process inventory plus total manufacturin costs
and subtract the endin work in process inventory
Beinnin raw materials inventory plus direct labor plus factory overhead
Conversion costs and work in process inventory adjustments results in cost of
oods manufactured

Which of the followin is a period cost?
Direct materials
Indirect materials
Factory utilities
Direct labor cost

Indirect labor cost
Conversion cost
Prime cost


Direct Labor + FOH
Prime Cost + FOH

Fixed cost
Variable cost
m 465
Step cost
Semi variable cost

Which of the followin is a cost that chanes in proportion to chanes in volume?
Fixed cost
Sunk cost
Opportunity cost
None of the iven options

Cost accountin concepts include all of the followin EXCEPT:
Plannin
Controllin
Sharin
Costin

If a predetermined FOH rate is not applied and the volume of production is
reduced from the planned capacity level, the cost per unit expected to:
Remain unchaned for fixed cost and increased for variable cost
Increase for fixed cost and remain unchaned for variable cost
Increase for fixed cost and decreased for variable cost
Decrease for both fixed and variable costs

All of the followin are characteristics of roup Bonus Scheme EXCEPT:
If the time taken is reater than the time allowed, the workers in the roup
receive time waes
If the time taken is less than the time allowed, the roup receives a bonus on
time saved
If the time taken is reater than the time allowed, the workers in the roup
receive time deductions for extra hours

Which of the followin isTRUE when piece rate system is used for wae
determination?
m 466
Under this method of remuneration a worker is paid on the basis of time taken
by him to perform the work
Under this method of remuneration a worker is paid on the basis of
production
The rate is expressed in terms of certain sum of money for total production
The rate is not expressed in terms of certain sum of money for total production

Under Halsey premium plan, if the employee completes his job in less than the
standard time fixed for the job, he is iven:
Only waes for the actual hours taken
Waes for the actual hours taken plus bonus equal to one half of the wae of
the time saved
Waes for the actual hours taken plus bonus equal to one third of the wae of the
time saved

the followin isNOT a reason for carryin inventory?
To take advantae of economic purchase-order size

Restockin of stores, in order to ensure efficient functionin of the stores department
and steady flow of materials to the production departments, is duty of:
Manaers
Storekeeper
Production In chare
Sales supervisor

You made Rs. 10,000 loan to your cousin's company. At the end of one year, the
company returned to you Rs. 10,850. The Rs. 850 is called which one of the
followin?
Increases in loan
m 467

The net sales of the business totals Rs. 200,000 and the Cost of oods Sold for the
same period totals Rs.146,000. What is the ross marin ratio?
0.22
0.25
0.27
0.33

If, ross profit = Rs. 40,000
P Marin = 25% of sales
What will be the value of cost of oods sold?
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 120,000
Rs. 40,000

Cost accountants are concerned about the ratios relatin to the Profits and
Manufacturin costs. These ratios miht include:
ross Mark up rate
Cost of oods sold to sales ratio

The total cost to produce one unit is Rs. 600. Direct materials are 20% of the
total cost and direct labor is 1/3 of the combined total of direct labor and direct
materials. What was the cost for direct materials, direct labor, and factory
overhead?
m 468
CK Products Limited purchased materials of Rs. 550,000 and incurred direct labor
of Rs. 420,000 durin the year ended June 30, 2006. Factory overheads for the year
were Rs.380,000. The inventory balances are as follows:
July 1, 2005 June 30,

2006
Rupees Rupees
Finished oods 90,000 105,000
Work in process 121,000 110,000
Materials 100,000 105,000
Required:
Cost Of oods Manufactured Statement.
Cost Of oods Sold Statement.
ANSWER:
CK Products Limited
Cost of oods sold statement
For the year ended June 30, 2006
Rupees
Openin inventory 100,000
Add: purchases 550,000
Less: Closin inventory 105,000
Direct material used 545000
Add: Direct labour 420,000
Prime Cost 965,000
Add: factory overhead cost 380,000
Total factory cost 1,345,000
Add: openin work in process 121,000
Cost of oods to be manufactured 1,466,000
Less: closin work in process 110,000
Cost of oods manufactured 1,356,000
Add: Openin finished oods 90,000
Cost of oods to be sold 1,446,000
Less: closin finished oods 105,000
Cost of oods sold 1,341,000
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
m 469
Spring 2009
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50

D Corporation uses process costing to calculate the cost of
manufacturing Crunchies. During the month 12,500 units were completed, 1,500
units remained in work in process at 25 percent completed. How many equivalent
units are produced?
12,500 units
12,875 units
14,250 units
12,125 units

Materials 5,000 Kgs at 0.50 per Kg

Labor Rs.700
Normal losses are 10% of input in the process. The out put for the period was
4,200Kg from the process. There was no opening and closing Work- in- process.
What were the units of abnormal loss?
► 500 units
► 300 units
► 200 units
► 100 units
Material Input = = 5000 kg

Material lost = 10% of 5000 kg = 500 kg
Material out put = 4200 kg

Abnormal Loss = 5000-500-
4200 = 300kg
m 470

Particulars Rs.
Freight in 20,000
Cost of goods sold 700% of marketing
expenses
Calculate the cost of goods available for sales if Gross Profit is 50% of cost
of goods sold.
Rs. 1,390,000
Rs. 1,490,000
Rs. 1,500,000
Rs. 1,590,000

Which of the following is NOT an element of factory overhead?
Depreciation of the maintenance on equipment

of the following isNOT reason of abnormal loss?

Machine breakdown
Poor workmanships
Natural disaster
Which of the following loss is not included as part of the cost of transferred
or finished goods, but rather treated as a period cost?
m 471
Operating loss
Abnormal loss
Normal loss
Non-operating loss

Which cost accumulation procedure is best suited to a continuous mass production
process of similar units?
Job order costing
Process costing
Standard costing
Actual costing

In a job order cost system, the use of direct materials would be recorded as a
debit to:
Finished Goods inventory
Raw Materials inventory
Reference by Zubair Hussain.

When direct materials are requisitioned from the storeroom for
use in production, they are recorded as a debit to the Work in
Process account.

P Ltd applied overheads on the basis of direct labor hours. The overhead applied
rate for the period has been based on budgeted overhead of Rs.150, 000 and 50,000
direct labor hours. During the period overhead of Rs. 180,000 were incurred and
60,000 direct labor hours were used.
Which of the following statement is correct?

None of the given
m 472

Under applied FOH costs are:
Fixed costs not allocated to units produced
Factory overhead costs not allocated to units costs
Excess variable factory overhead costs
Costs that can not be controlled


Difference between Absorbed factory overhead and budgeted factory for

capacity attained
Difference between Budgeted factory overhead for
capacity attained and FOH actually incurred

Budget/spending variance arises due to:
Difference between absorbed factory overhead & capacity level attained

Difference between budgeted factory overhead for
capacity attained and FOH actually incurred
Difference between absorbed factory overhead and FOH actually incurred

Which of the following statement about overhead applied rates are NOT true?

They are used to charge overheads to product
m 473


Which of the following isTRUE regarding the use of blanket rate?
► The use of a single blanket rate makes the apportionment of overhead
costs unnecessary
► The use of a single blanket rate makes the apportionment of overhead costs
necessary
► The use of a single blanket rate makes the apportionment of overhead costs
uniform
► None of the given options
1 sure 104
A Blanket Rate is:
A single rates which used throughout the organisation departments
A double rates which used throughout the organisation departments
A single rates which used in different departments of the organisation.
None of the Given

Which of the following isNOT included under the head of FOH cost?
Indirect Material
Indirect Labor
Indirect Expense
Direct labor

department rates?
Blanket rates are separate overhead rates for all departments of factory
through which the product passes

Which of the following isTRUE for Merrick Differential System?
Merrick Differential system is a slight modification of the Taylor's

system
Merrick Differential system used two rates of wage determination instead of
three
Normal piece rates are applicable at 75% of efficiency of worker
Normal piece rates are applicable at 125% of efficiency of worker

A worker is paid Rs. 0.50 per unit and he produces 18 units in 7 hours. Keeping in
view the piece rate system, the total wages of the worker would be:
18 x 0.50 = Rs. 9
18 x 7 = Rs. 126
7 x 0.5 = Rs. 3.5
18 x 7 x 0.50 = Rs. 63

Which of the following isNOT time based incentive wage plan?
Hasley Premium Plan
Rowan Premium Plan
Merrick Differential Piece Rates System

Salaries & Wages of direct labor, Indirect labor, and Administrative

Store manager
Production manager
Supplier manager
Purchase manager

In the basic EOQ model, if Units= 50 per month, Ordering cost =Rs. 10, and
carrying cost =Rs. 10 per unit per month, EOQ is:
10
12
25
30

Which of the following is important requirement of the effective material control?
There are proper storage facilities
There is a proper authority that will regulate the supply of material
The accounts should provide a running balance of the value of the materials
on hand

Which of the following method of inventory valuation is not recommended
under IAS 02?
LIFO
FIFO
Weighted Average
Both LIFO & FIFO

Average consumption x Emergency time is a formula for the calculation of:
Lead time
Re-order level
Maximum consumption
Danger level

Not expensed


Direct Labor + FOH
m 476

Prime Cost + FOH
Prime Cost
Direct Material
+Direct Labor
+Other direct production cost
Prime cost .
Total Production Cost
Prime Cost
+Factory overhead
cost Total production
cost .
Conversion Cost Direct
labor cost +Factory
overhead cost
Conversion cost

Fixed cost
Variable cost
Step cost
Semi variable cost

Which of the following is indirect cost?
The overtime premium incurred at the specific request of a customer

The hire of tools for a specific job
The repair of machinery

Which of the following are basic inventories for a manufacturing
concern?
Indirect materials, goods in process, and raw materials
m 477
Finished goods, raw materials, and direct materials

Raw materials, goods in process, and finished goods
Raw materials, factory overhead, and direct labor

Machine lubricant used on processing equipment in a manufacturing plant would
be classified as a:
Period cost (manufacturing overhead)

Period cost (Selling, General & Admin)
Product cost (manufacturing overhead)
Product cost (Selling, General & Admin)

Planning
Controlling
Sharing
Costing

Under Halsey premium plan, if the employee completes his job in less than the
standard time fixed for the job, he is given:
Only wages for the actual hours taken
Wages for the actual hours taken plus bonus equal to one half of the wage
of the time saved
Wages for the actual hours taken plus bonus equal to one third of the wage of
the time saved

Which of the following isNOT a reason for carrying inventory?
To take advantage of economic purchase-order size

and for which requisitions are to be honored in future” is an easy explanation of:
m 478
Over stocking
Under stocking

Which of the following formula is used to calculate the Number of units
manufactured?
Sold units - Units of closing finished goods inventory + Units of opening
finished goods inventory
Sold units + Average units of finished goods inventory
Sold units - Average units of finished goods inventory
Sold units + Units of closing finished goods inventory - Units of opening
finished goods inventory

The total cost to produce one unit is Rs. 600. Direct materials are 20% of the
total cost and direct labor is 1/3 of the combined total of direct labor and direct
materials. What was the cost for direct materials, direct labor, and factory
overhead?

Opportunity cost is the best example of:
Relevant Cost
Irrelevant Cost
Standard Cost
Sunk Cost

Differentiate between process costing and job order costing.
Process costing
It is a method of cost accounting applied to production carried out by a series

of operational, stages or processes. It is a continuous production process.
m 479
In process costing all units produce are similar. The whole process is divided into
several departments.
Job order costing.
The costing system that separately accumulates costs incurred to produce each job
in a situation where each job isdistinguishable from the other throughout the
production process. The job may be a single unit or a multi unit batch, a contract
or a project, program or a service. Job costing is employed by organizations
possessing following characteristics.
Every order has its own manufacturing specifications. Therefore, every job is
different from the other and requires different amounts materials, labor and
overhead.
Each job is clearly distinguishable from the other at all stages production
process which makes job wise accumulation of possible.
Each job is generally of high value.
Production is generally in response of customers' orders
Job wise accumulation of cost is desirable and/or necessary for and profit
determination.
Job costing is more expensive as compared with process costing.
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Fall 2009
Time: 60 min
Marks: 50

Selected information for a company for the year 2005 follows:
Particulars Rs.
Inventory, January 1 9,000

Inventory, December 31 7,800
What was the inventory turnover ratio?
3.57 times
3.67 times
3.85 times
5.36 times

The chief financial officer is also known as the:
Controller
Staff accountant
Auditor
Finance director

Distribution
Internal audit
Design

Direct materials
Indirect materials
Factory utilities

Net purchases?
Purchases returns
Carriage inward
Custom duty
m 481

Given data that:
Work in Process Opening Inventory Rs. 20,000
What will be the value of total manufactured cost?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 210,000
Rs. 220,000
Rs. 240,000

If, Sales = Rs. 1200,000
Markup = 20% of cost
What would be the value of Gross profit?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 100,000
Rs. 580,000
Rs. 740,000

Weighted average rate per unit is calculated by which of the following formula?
Cost of goods issued/number of units issued
Total cost/total units
Cost of goods manufactured/closing units
Cost of goods sold/total units

Average consumption x Emergency time is a formula for the calculation of:
Lead time
Re-order level
Maximum consumption
Danger level
m 482

If EOQ = 360 units, order costs are Rs. 5 per order, and carrying costs are Rs. 0.20
per unit, what is the usage in units?
2,592 units
25,920 units
18,720 units
129,600 units

Store manager
Production manager
Supplier manager
Purchase manager

Prime cost
Conversion cost

Net pay
Gross pay
Take home pay

Payslip contains all EXCEPT:
Gross pay
Statutory & non- statutory deductions
Net pay
Tax rebates

Which of the following is/are the basic object/s of job analysis?
Determination of wage rates

Ascertain the relative worth of each job
Breaking up job into its basic elements

Rs. 3,500
Rs. 13,500
Rs. 10,000
Rs. 6,500
700*5=3500
10,000
13500

According to Rowan premium plan, which of the following formula is used to
calculate the bonus rate?
(Time saved/time allowed) x 100
(Time allowed/time saved) x 100
(Actual time taken/time allowed) x 100
(Time allowed/actual time taken) x 100

All of the following are cases of labor turnover EXCEPT:
the organization
Workers retrenched
m 484
However, it must be noted that if a department is closed

and workers retrenched, it would not be a case of labor
turnover
pg97

All of the following are terms used to denote Factory Overheads EXCEPT:
Factory burden
Factory expenses
Supplementary costs
Conversion costs


cost centers.
FOH Cost Allocation & Apportionment
The total cost of factory overhead needs to be distributed among specific cost
centers
The term Cost apportionment is referred to:
cost centers but must be divided among the concerned department/cost centers.
cost centers.

Which of the following statement is true ragarding Repeated distribution method?
small
m 485
Large
small
The re-allocation continues until the numbers being dealt
with become very small
104

Factory overhead is applied to jobs on the basis of
predetermined departmental factory overhead applied rates
126

What would be the applied rate.
► Rs.2.00 per labor hour





Difference between Absorbed factory overhead and budgeted factory for

capacity attained

Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Companies that produce many different products or services are more likely to
use job-order costing systems than process costing systems
Costs are traced to departments and then allocated to units of product when
job-order costing is used
Job-order costing systems are used by service firms only and process
costing systems are used by manufacturing concern only
Companies that produce many different products or services are more likely to
use process costing systems than Job order costing systems

Which of the following would be considered a major aim of a job order costing
system?
To determine the costs of producing each job
To compute the cost per unit
To include separate records for each job to track the costs
m 487

Examples of industries that would use process costing include all of
the following EXCEPT:
Beverages
Food
Hospitality
Petroleum

At the end of the accounting period, a production department manager submits
a production report that shows all of the following EXCEPT:
completion

Job order costing
Process costing
Standard costing
Actual costing

LG has incurred cost of Rs. 60,000 for material. Further it incurred Rs. 35,000 for
labor and Rs. 70,000 for factory overhead. There was no beginning and ending
work in process. 7,500 units were completed and transferred out. What would be
the unit cost for material?
Rs. 22
Rs. 16
Rs. 14
Rs. 8
m 488
Inventory of Rs. 96,000 was purchased during the year. The cost of goods sold
was Rs. 90,000 and the ending inventory was Rs. 18,000. What was the inventory
turnover ratio for the year?
5.0 times
5.3 times
6.0 times
6.4 times

During the year 60,000 units put in to process.55, 000 units were completed.
Closing WIP were 25,000 units, 40% completed. How much the equivalent units of
output would be produced?
25,000 units
10,000 units
65,000 units
80,000 units

If the cost per equivalent unit is Rs. 1.60. The equivalent units of output are
50,000. The WIP closing stock is 10,000 units, 40% completed. What will be the
value of closing stock?
Rs. 9,600
Rs. 80,000
Rs. 16,000
Rs. 6,400

Information concerning the materials used in the Mixing department in June
follows:
Detail Units
WIP June 01 12000
Units put in process 54000
Units completed 58000
Material is charged to production at 0.53 per unit. What are the materials cost of
the work in process at June 30?
Rs. 4,000
m 489
Rs. 4,240
Rs. 5,333
Rs. 34,980

EOQ is the order quantity that _________ over our planning horizon.
Minimizes total ordering costs
Minimizes total carrying costs
Minimizes total inventory costs
Minimize the required safety stock

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the basic economic-
order quantity model?

If the cost of an item of overhead expenditure is shared amongst
many departments this would be an example of:
Apportionment
Allocation
Re-apportionment
Absorption

A company has calculated that volume variance for a given month was
favourable.This could have been caused by which of the following factors?
The number of rejectes were lower than normal

Machine breakdowns were lower than normal
No delays were experienced in the issuing of material to production

The Mars Company applies factory overheads to production by means of pre-
determined rate based on expected actual capacity. Factory overhead at expected
actual capacity of 120,000 hours is Rs. 240,000 of which Rs. 60,000 is fixed and
m 490
Rs. 180,000 is variable. Normal capacity of the company is 150,000 hours. The
actual capacity attained during the year was 100,000 hours and actual factory
overhead was Rs. 180,000.
Calculate: Pre-determined overhead rate based on expected actual capacity and

normal capacity.
Over-applied or under-applied factory overhead based on rate used by the
company.
Budget variance and volume variance.
Pre-determined overhead rate based on expected actual capacity
Fixed FOH rate = fixed FOH cost/ expected actual capacity

60000/120000 = 0.50 Add
variable FOH rate =
Variable FOH cost for expected actual capacity/ expected actual capacity
180000/120000 =
1.50
FOH applied rate based on expected actual
capacity2.00
Pre-determined overhead rate based on normal capacity
Fixed FOH rate = fixed FOH cost/ normal

capacity =60000/150000 = 0.40
Add variable FOH
rate = 1.50
Pre-determined overhead rate based on normal capacity = 1.90
. Over-applied or under-applied factory overhead based on expected actual

capacity
Actual FOH cost = 180000

Applied FOH cost
=actual capacity * FOH rate
=100000*2.00 = 200000
Over applied FOH cost 20000
Budget variance at expected actual capacity rate
Actual FOH cost = 180000

Estimated FOH cost at actual capacity
Fixed FOH cost = 60000
+ Variable FOH cost
actual capacity*variable rate
= 100000*1.50 = 150000 210000
Favorable 30000
Volume variance of expected actual capacity rate
Estimated FOH cost at actual capacity 210000

Applied FOH cost 200000
Unfavorable (10000)
MIDTERM EXAMINATION MGT402- Cost & Management

Accounting
!!!!! BINGA !!!!!
Relevant Cost
Irrelevant Cost
Standard Cost
Sunk Cost
m 492
____________ is the cost that is incurred at the time of making transaction.
Product Cost
Period Cost
Sunk Cost
Historical Cost
Which of the following is calculated by a formula that uses net sales

as denominator?
Gross profit rate
Return on Investment
While transporting petrol, a little quantity will be evaporated; such kind of loss is
termed as:
Normal Loss.
Abnormal Loss.
m 493
Incremental Loss.
Incremental abnormal loss.
Distribution
Internal audit
Design
An average cost is also known as:
Variable cost
Unit cost
Total cost
Fixed cost
Period costs are:
m 494
Not expensed
Costs that change in response to alternative courses of action are called:
Relevant costs
Differential costs
Target costs
Sunk costs
Direct materials
Indirect materials
Factory utilities
When purchases are added to raw material opening Inventory, we get the value of:
Material consumed.
Material available for use.
m 495
Material needed.
Raw material ending inventory.
Opening inventory 10,000

Add Net Purchases 100,000
Material available for use
Net purchases?
Purchases returns
Carriage inward
Custom duty
Cost of goods Sold
Cost of goods manufactured = cost per unit

Number of units manufactured
m 496
FIFO
LIFO
Weighted Average
Counting items to ensure an order is correct, is an activity relates to:
Ordering cost
Carrying cost
Stock out cost
Holding cost
In cost Accounting, normal loss is/are charged to:
Income Statement
m 497
Prime cost
Conversion cost
Which of the following is/are the basic object/s of job analysis?
Determination of wage rates
Ascertain the relative worth of each job
Breaking up job into its basic elements
According to Rowan premium plan, which of the following formula is used to

calculate the bonus rate?
(Time saved/time allowed) x 100
(Time allowed/time saved) x 100
(Actual time taken/time allowed) x 100
(Time allowed/actual time taken) x 100
Under Piece Rate System wages are paid to employees on the basis of:
Units produced
Time saved
Over time
Competencies
All of the following are cases of labor turnover EXCEPT:

the organization
Workers retrenched
Where there is mass production of homogeneous units or where few products are
produced in batches, which of the following cost driver would be regarded as best
base for the determination of Factory overhead absorption rate?
Number of units produced
Labor hours
Prime cost
Machine hours
m 499
The most simple and direct measure of activity of a

manufacturing concern is number of units
produced. It can be safely regarded as the best cost driver for
the purpose of factory overhead
absorption in such situations where there is a mass
production of homogeneous units (i.e. process
costing industries) or where a few products are produced in
batches (i.e. batch costing industries
113

cost centers.
Budget/spending variance arises due to:
Difference between absorbed factory overhead & capacity level attained
m 500
Difference between budgeted factory overhead for capacity attained

and FOH actually incurred
Difference between absorbed factory overhead and FOH actually incurred
Budget variance is the difference between budgeted

factory overhead for capacity attained and
actual factory overhead incurred. It represents either over-
spending or under-spending
121
Difference between Absorbed factory overhead and budgeted factory

for capacity attained

Which of the following would be considered a major aim of a job order costing
system?
To determine the costs of producing each job
m 501
To compute the cost per unit
To include separate records for each job to track the costs
In a job-order cost system, indirect labor costs would be recorded as a debit to:
Finished Goods
Raw Materials
Work in Process

Job order costing
Process costing
Standard costing
Actual costing
In a process costing system, the journal entry used to record the transfer of units
from Department A, a processing department, to Department B, the next
processing department, includes a debit to:
m 502
Work in Process Department A and a credit to Work in Process Department

B
Work in Process Department B and a credit to Work in Process

Department A
Work in Process Department B and a credit to Materials
Finished Goods and a credit to Work in Process Department B
A chemical process has no normal wastage of input. In a period, 3,500 Kg of

material were in put and there was abnormal loss of 15% of in put. What
quantity of good production was achieved?
2,175 Kg
2,975 Kg
3,325 Kg
4,425 Kg
In the process costing when material is issued for production to department

no 1.what would be the journal entry Passed?
W.I.P (Dept-I) To
Material a/c
m 503
W.I.P (Dept-ii) To
Material a/c
Material a/c To
W.I.P (Dept-ii)
W.I.P (Dept-ii) To
FOH applied.
Which of the following is NOT an element of factory overhead?
Depreciation of the maintenance on equipment
Under perpetual Inventory system the Inventory is treated as:
m 504
Assets
Liability
Income
Expense
Information concerning the materials used in the Mixing department in June

follows:
Detail Units
WIP June 01 12000
Units put in process 54000
Units completed 58000
Material is charged to production at 0.53 per unit. What are the materials cost of
the work in process at June 30?
Rs. 4,000
Rs. 4,240
Rs. 5,333
Rs. 34,980
Opening WIP Jan 01 0 units

Units received from preceding 13,500 units,@4.50 per unit
department cost
11,750 units, @3.75 per unit
Units completed in this department cost
What was the Value of closing work in process?
Rs.16,875
Rs.14,437.50
Rs.14,437
Rs.33,750
Raymond Corporation estimates factory overhead of Rs. 345,000 for next fiscal
year. It is estimated that 60,000 units will be produced at a material cost of Rs.
575,000. Conversion will require 34,500 direct labor hours at a cost of Rs. 10 per
hour, with 25,875 machine hours.
FOH rate on the bases on Budgeted Production would be?
Rs. 5.75 per unit
Rs. 6.65 per unit
Rs. 6.0 per unit
Rs.1 per unit
The components of total factory cost are:
m 506
Direct Labor + FOH
Prime Cost only
Prime Cost + FOH
Prime cost 150,000

Add Factory overhead Cost 80,000
Total factory cost
17
If sales is greater than cost, it means:
Profit
Loss
Neither profit nor Loss
Reduction of labor turnover, accidents, spoilage, waste and absenteeism are the
results of which of the following wage plan?
Piece rate plan
Time rate plan

m 507
Differential plan
Group bonus system
Good group incentive plans assist in the reduction of

labor turnover, accidents,
spoilage, waste and absenteeism
94
If an item of overhead expenditure is charged specifically to a single department

Apportionment
Allocation
Re-apportionment
Absorption
Cost apportionment is:
The charging of discrete identifiable items of cost to cost centers or cost

unit
The collection of costs attributable to cost center and cost unit using the
costing method, principles and techniques prescribed for a particular business
entity
The process of establishing the costs of cost centers or cost units
m 508
The division of costs among two or more cost centers in proportion to

the estimated benefit received.
Define the following term with examples
1- Sunk cost
2- Implicit cost
3- Explicit cost
4- Opportunity cost
5- Historic cost
Answer :
1- Sunk cost : Sunk cost refers to the cost that has been spent in the past and
that cannot be retrieved on product or service in the current period. This cost
should not be taken into account while making the decisions by
management.
Example
Stationary bought in bulk last month. In this case the cost has been incurred
and will not be important to management decisions being made for the
future..
2-Implicit cost : Implicit cost is the cost imposed on a firm for foregoing an
alternative but where the actual payment for the alternative taken is not involved
Example :
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Use of company’s capital for investment
Use of the owner’s time
Use of the owner’s land for investment
3-Explicit cost : This is subject to actual payment or will be paid in the future.
Example : 1) Actual payment made to buy land for expansion of the company
instead of using the owner’s land.
2) Payment made for wage, rent or material etc.
4-Opportunity cost : Opportunity cost is the cost of sacrificing a benefit by

choosing some other alternative. This is the cost of foregoing an alternative in
favour of some other alternative.
Example : 1) If the owner of a company further invests money in his business

instead of keeping it in the bank in a savings account then the opportunity cost in
this case will be the yearly interest that the bank would have paid to him had he
chosen the alternative of keeping the money in the savings account. The
investment made in the business should give him more return than the opportunity
cost if it is to be deemed a better investment.
Instead of investing in his hotel for increasing profits, if an owner invests in some
other investment then the loss of the increase in profits in the hotel is an
opportunity cost for the owner.
m 510
5-Historic cost : Historic cost is the cost that is incurred at the time of making
transaction and can be verified through purchase agreement or invoice. It is used in
financial accounting for valuing assets of the company as opposed to market value
which is used in financial management. The
Examples : 1) Cost paid to acquire a land for investment purpose.
Cost incurred to buy Machinery as capital expenditure for

manufacturing business
MGT402 Cost Accounting (Chapter 1-12)
Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 12:23:43 PM ) Total Marks: 1
A store ledger card is similar to the ________ .
Stock ledger
Bin card
Material card
Purchase requisition card
m 511
Cost of goods sold Rs. 30,000, opening Inventory Rs. 9,000,Closing inventory
Rs. 7,800.What was the inventory turnover ratio?
3.57 times
3.67 times
3.85 times
5.36 times
Inventory turnover ratio = Cost of goods sold / Average inventory
30,000/((9000+7000)/2) = 3.57
Sunk Cost
Standard Cost
Relevant Cost
Irrelevant Cost
Relevant Cost
m 512
Relevant cost is which changes with a change in decision. These are future
costs that effect the
current management decision.
Examples Variable cost Fixed cost which changes with in an

alternatives Opportunity cost
Cost of Goods Manufactured can be calculated as follow
Total factory Cost Add Opening Work in process inventory Less Closing
Total factory Cost Less Opening Work in process inventory Add Closing
Total factory Cost Less Opening Work in process inventory Less Closing
Total factory Cost Add Opening Work in process inventory Add Closing
A cost centre is
A unit of product or service in relation to which costs are ascertained
An amount of expenditure attributable to an activity
A production or service location, function, activity or item of equipment for

which costs are accumulated
m 513
A centre for which an individual budget is drawn up
Reference
__________ is the time worked over and above the employee's basic working
week.
Flex time
Overtime
Shift allowance
Commission
Overtime is the time worked over and above the employee's

basic working week.
85
Closing work in process Inventory of last year:
Is treated as Opening inventory for current year
Is not carried forward to next year
Become expense in the next year
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Charge to Profit & Loss account
In furniture manufacturing use of nail, pins, glue, and polish which use to
increase its esteem value that cost is treated as:
Indirect material cost
FOH cost
Prime cost
Increase in material Inventory means:
The ending inventory is greater than opening inventory
The ending inventory is less than opening inventory
Both ending and opening inventories are equal
Direct materials cost is Rs. 80,000. Direct labor cost is Rs. 60,000. Factory
overhead is Rs. 90,000. Beginning goods in process were Rs. 15,000. The cost
m 515
of goods manufactured is Rs. 245,000. What is the cost assigned to the ending
goods in process?
Rs. 45,000
Rs. 15,000
Rs. 30,000
None of above
(245,000,- 15000 – 90,000 – 60,000 – 80,000 = 0)
Question # 11 of 15
If labor is satisfied with high wages it may ultimately lead to:
Increased production and productivity
Increased efficiency
Reduced labor and overhead costs
Question # 12 of 15
Which of the following is a mechanical device to record the exact time of

the workers?
m 516
Clock Card
Store Card
Token System
Attendance Register
Question # 13 of 15
According to IASB framework, Financial statements exhibit to its users the:
Financial position
Financial performance
Cash inflow and outflow analysis
Question # 14 of 15
where the applied FOH cost is less than the actual FOH cost it is:
Favourable variance
Normal variance
Budgeted variance
but where the applied cost is lesser than the actual cost
it is unfavorable variance
m 517
24
If, COGS = Rs. 70,000 GP Margin = 30% of sales What will be the value of
Sales?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 66,667
Rs. 100,000
Rs. 62,500
(Suppose sales is =100% GD margin is =30% COGS is = 70%)
MGT402-Quiz-3

Reduction of labor turnover, accidents, spoilage, waste and absenteeism are the
results of which of the following wage plan? Select correct option:
Piece rate plan

Time rate plan
Differential plan
Group bonus system
in the process costing when Cost of units transferred to the next department -II.
What would be the journal entry Passed?
W.I.P (Dept-II) a/c To W.I.P (Dept-I)
Finish Goods To W.I.P (Dept-I)
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W.I.P (Dept-II) To FOH applied

W.I.P (Dept-I) To Payroll a/c
EOQ is the order quantity that _______ over our planning horizon
Minimizes total ordering costs
Minimizes total carrying costs
Minimizes total inventory costs
Minimize the required safety stock
The appropriate journal entry to transfer the cost of completed units from the Work
in Process account would involve a credit to Work in Process and a debit to which
of the following accounts?
Income Summary
Finished Goods
When a budget is administered wisely, it will

Discourage managers and employees
Provide a framework for performance evaluation
Eliminate coordination and communication between subunits
Discourage strategic planning
Cost accounting department prepares ___________ that helps the in preparing

final accounts.
Cost sheets
Cost of goods sold statement
Cost of production Report
Material requisition form
Contribution margin contributes to meet which one of the following options?

Variable cost
Fixed cost
m 519
Operating cost
Net Profit
Contribution margin contributes to meet the fixed cost. Once the fixed cost has
been met the
incremental contribution margin is the profit.
Income Statement as per the marginal costing system is used as a Standard format
of Income
Statement to analyze the Cost-Volume-Profit relationship.
if, COGS = Rs. 70,000 GP Margin = 30% of sales What will be the value of Sales?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 66,667
Rs. 100,000
Rs. 62,500
Cost of goods Sold
Annual requirement is 7800 units; consumption per week is 150 units. Unit
price Rs 5, order cost Rs 10 per order. Carrying cost Rs 1 per unit and lead time
is 3 week, The Economic order quantity would be: Select correct option:
units
units
units
units
Which of the following is to be called product cost

Material cost
Labor cost
FOH cost
m 520

Maximize profits
The purpose of cost accounting is to provide information to the management.
Management need
to know cost per unit as a basis for valuing inventory and for
decision making.
which of the following would there be a difference between financial and

Period cost
Not expensed
Budgeted sales
Break Even sales
Margin of safety
Contribution margin
MGT402_Cost_Mcqz with ref.
m 521
Net Income before Interest and tax is also called:

Operating Income/Profit
Gross Profit
Marginal Income
Other Income
Sales
Less Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Less Operating expenses
Selling and marketing
Administrative
Operating profit
Less Financial Expenses
Interest on loan
Profit before tax
Less Income Tax
Net profit
_______ are future costs that effect the current management decision.
Sunk Cost
Standard Cost
Relevant Cost
Irrelevant Cost
Relevant cost is which changes with a change in decision. These are future
costs that effect the current management decision. (P#6)
and for which requisitions are to be honored in future” is an easy explanation
of: Select correct option:
Overstocking
Under stocking
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Replenishment of stock therefore implies as ‘taking steps for the fresh purchase
of those stocks which have been exhausted and for which requisitions are to be
honored in future’.(P#50)
Which of the following would be considered to be an investment centre?

Managers have control over marketing

Management have a sales team
Management have a sales team and are given a credit control function
Managers can purchase capital assets and are given a credit control function
An investment centre is a segment or a profit centre where the manager has
significant degree of control over his/her division’s investment policies (P#11)
In cost Accounting, abnormal loss is charged to:

Income Statement
Entire production
units
units
units
units
EOQ = square root of ( 2*annul consumption * cost per order)/ Carrying cost to
hold on unit per year)
EOQ =( (2*7800*10)/1)^(1/2) = 395
Which of the following is a mechanical device to record the exact

time of the workers?
m 523
Clock Card
Store Card
Token System
Attendance Register
Different mechanical devices have been designed for recording the exact time of
the workers. These include:
a. Clock Card
b.Dial Time Records.
The Term Maximum Level Represents:

The maximum stock level indicates the maximum quantity of an item

of material which can be held in stock at any time.
The maximum stock level indicates the maximum quantity of an item of
material which cannot be held in stock at any time.
The Average stock level indicates the maximum quantity of an item of material
which can be held in stock at any time.
The Available stock level indicates the maximum quantity of an item of material
which can be held in stock at any time.
The maximum stock level indicates the maximum quantity of an item of

material which can be held in stock at any time (P#51)
Which of the following is / are element / s of production payroll?

Direct labor force wages

Administrative wages
Selling wages
Labor costs constitute an important part of production cost. Labor cost is

and element of total payroll expense of an entity. Payroll expense consists of
Labor cost
Administrative staff expenses
m 524
• Selling and distribution staff expenses
Direct material opening inventory add net purchases is called

Material consumed
Material available for use
Total material purchsed
Material ending inventory
Opening inventory + Net Purchases = Material available for use
MGT402 – Cost & Management Accounting
(Chapter 1-24)
Online Quiz # 2
1-A chemical process has normal wastage of 10% of input. In a period, 2,500 Kg
of material were input and there was abnormal loss of 75 Kg. What quantity of
good production was achieved?
2,175 kg
2,250 kg
2,425 kg
2,500 kg
2-A chemical process has normal wastage of 5% of input. In a period, 3,500 Kg of

material were input and there was no abnormal loss. What quantity of good
production was achieved?
m 525
2,175 Kg
2,250 Kg
3,325 Kg
4,425 Kg
3-Cost accounting department prepares _____________ that helps the in preparing

final accounts.
Cost sheets
Cost of goods sold statement
Cost of production
Report Material requisition form
4-Which of the following is correct?
Units sold=Opening finished goods units + Units produced – Closing

Units Sold = Units produced + Closing finished goods units - Opening finished
goods units
m 526
5-Worker is paid Rs. 0.50 per unit and he produces 18 units in 7 hours. Keeping in
view the piece rate system, the total wages of the worker would be:
18 x 7 x 0.50 = Rs. 63
18 x 0.50 = Rs. 9
18 x 7 = Rs. 126
7 x 0.5 = Rs. 3.5
6-Which of the following best describes piece rate system?
The increased volume of production results in decreased cost of production
The increased volume of production in minimum time
Establishment of fair standard rates
Higher output is a result of efficient management
7-Which of the following statement is TRUE about FOH applied rates?
None of the given
m 527
8-Which of the following is not true
Managerial accounting information is prepared for internal users
Preparation of Managerial accounting information is not a legal requirement
There are specific standards of acceptability for managerial accounting
The structure of managerial accounting practice is relatively flexible
9-The Term Minimum Level Represents.
This represents the quantity below which the stock of any item should not be
allowed to fall
This represents the quantity below which the stock of any item should be allowed
to fall
This is the estimated time period in number of days or in weeks or in months.
This is the Lead time period in number of days or in weeks or in months.
10-Of the following manufacturing operations, which is the best suited to

the utilization of a job order system?
Soft drink bottling operation
Crude oil refining
Plastic molding operation
Cement Production
m 528
11-Which of the following costs is part of the prime cost for manufacturing
company?
Cost of transporting raw materials from the suppliers premises
Wages of factory workers engaged in machine maintenance
Depreciation of truck used for deliveries to customers
Cost of indirect production materials
12-The Superior Company manufactures paint and uses a process costing system.
During February, Superior started 80,000 gallons of paint. During the month the
company completed 92,000 gallons and transferred them to the mixing
gallons in ending inventory. Material is added at the beginning of the process and
conversion costs are added evenly throughout the process. Beginning WIP was
30% complete as to conversion costs and ending WIP was 20% complete as to
conversion costs. The company uses a FIFO costing. What were the equivalent
units for conversion costs during February? Select correct option:
72,600 units
85,800 units
88,600 units
92,900 units
13-Which of the following is a mechanical device to record the exact time of the
workers? Select correct option:
Clock Card
m 529
Store Card
Token System
Attendance Register
14-At the end of the accounting period, a production department manager

submits a production report that shows all of the following EXCEPT:
completion Number of units completed
15-From employer point of view, the total cost of wages and salaries is a
combination of which of the following?
Gross wages and salaries+employer's provident fund contributions
Gross wages and salaries+employee's provident fund contributions
Gross wages and salaries + Income Tax deductions
Gross wages and salaries + pension scheme payments
(Chapter 1-24)
m 530
1 Merrick Differential Piece Rate System:

worker is not penalized even if his performance does not exceed 80 per cent of
the High Task.
the High Task.
the High Task.
the High Task.
2 Which of the following statement measures the financial position of the entity on
particular time?
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Cash Flow Statement
Below
Above
Equal

m 531
The appropriate journal entry to transfer the cost of completed units from the Work
in Process account would involve a credit to Work in Process and a debit to which
of the following accounts?
Income Summary
Finished Goods

Production Center
Service Center
General Cost Center
Head Office

8 Direct materials cost is Rs. 80,000. Direct labor cost is Rs. 60,000. Factory
overhead is Rs. 90,000. Beginning goods in process were Rs. 15,000. The cost of
goods manufactured is Rs. 245,000. What is the cost assigned to the ending goods
in process?
Rs. 45,000
Rs. 15,000
Rs. 30,000
m 532
Solution:

FOH -------------- 90,000 (Given)
Open WIP------- 15,000
Total 245000 (cost of goods manufactured is also 245000 so balance is

zero)
Sales are Rs. 450,000. Beginning finished goods were Rs. 23,000. Ending finished
goods are Rs. 30,000. The cost of goods sold is Rs. 300,000. What is the cost of
goods manufactured?
Rs. 323,000
Rs. 330,000
Rs. 293,000

Assets
Expense
Income
Liability
When prices are rising over time, which of the following inventory
costing methods will result in the lowest gross margin/profits? Select
correct option:
FIFO
LIFO
Weighted Average
m 533
Decision making
Revenue generation
Cost in currence
Investment

Opening and Closing stock of work in process are related in terms of
completed units
Only Closing stock of work in process is restated in terms of completed
units Reference
days
days
days
days
accounting system?
A flour mill
A textile mill
costing include". Bottling, flour, textile industries will use process costing, so the
last option "A builder of offshore oil rigs" should be correct as this industry will
use job order)
m 534
Online Quiz # 2
January 05, 2010
Total Questions: 15
Just did my quiz. Here it is.

If you find any incorrect answer, kindly let everyone know about it.

department rates?
Blanket rates are separate overhead rates for all departments of factory through
which the product passes
(I'm not 100% sure about this question, I selected option # 1, kindly
see handouts, page # 105(pdf file))

Production volume of 1,200 units cost incurred Rs. 10,000 and production volume of
1,400 units cost incurred Rs.20, 000. The variable cost per unit would be?
m 535
Rs. 50.00 per unit
Rs. 8.33 per unit
Rs. 14.20 per unit
Rs. 100 per unit
(I got confused in this question, what I'm getting:

variable cost per unit = total variable cost/total number of units produced
one solution could be;

in producing 1200 units, total cost incurred was 10000,
and in producing 1400 units, total cost incurred was 20000
1400 - 1200 = 200 units

20000 - 10000 = 10000 cost
which means when we produced 1200 units the total cost was 10000 but when
we increased production to 1400 units, the total cost increased to 20000, so the
difference (20000 - 10000 = 10000) should be of variable cost
now by dividing "total variable cost by quantity" i.e, 10000/200 = 50 per unit
but the confusion is in order to get variable cost per unit, we divide total
variable cost by total number of units produced, and total number of units in
the above MCQ seems to be 1400. if we divide 10000/1400 = 7.14 which is not in
the options
if we divide 10000/2600 = 3.84 (not there in the options)
so i guess 50 per unit might be a correct answer. but please if anyone know
about this question, kindly explain it

m 536
Planning
Controlling
Costing

Maximize profits
Provide information to management for decision making (again the same MCQ
is on handouts page # 9)
m 537

Over applied FOH will always result when a predetermined FOH rate is applied
and:


Period costs are
m 538
Not expensed
The cost of goods sold was Rs. 240,000. Beginning and ending inventory
balances were Rs. 20,000 and Rs. 30,000, respectively. What was the inventory
turnover? Select correct option:
8.0 times
12.0 times
7.0 times
9.6 times

If opening inventory of material is Rs.20,000 and closing inventory is Rs.

40,000.the Average inventory amount will be:
Rs. 40,000
Rs. 30,000
Rs. 20,000
Rs. 10,000


m 539
7500 units
6500 units
4500 units
8500 units
Solution:
Favorable variance
Normal variance
Budgeted variance
EXCEPT:
Beverages
Food
Hospitality
Petroleum

m 540
organization http://vustudents.ning.com
The flux method of labor turnover denotes the total change in the composition of
labor force.While replacement method takes into account only workers appointed
against the vacancy caused due to discharge or quitting of the organisation.
A worker is paid Rs. 0.50 per unit and he produces 18 units in 7 hours. Keeping in
view the piece rate system, the total wages of the worker would be: Select correct
option:
18 x 7 x 0.50 = Rs. 63
18 x 0.50 = Rs. 9
18 x 7 = Rs. 126
7 x 0.5 = Rs. 3.5

Direct Labor + FOH
If, Gross profit = Rs. 40,000 GP Margin = 25% of sales What will be the value of
cost of goods sold?
m 541

Rs. 160,000
Rs. 120,000
Rs. 40,000

Sunk Cost
Standard Cost
Relevant Cost
Irrelevant Cost

None of the given

order quanity.
Ordering cost
Carrying cost
Per unit order cost

None of the given
395 units
m 542
units
units
units
Period costs are


Not expensed
Shipping fees
Advertising flyers
Sales commissions
Direct materials
Direct materials cost is Rs. 80,000. Direct labor cost is Rs.

60,000.
Factory overhead is Rs. 90,000. Beginning goods in
process were Rs. 15,000. The cost of goods
manufactured is Rs. 245,000. What is the cost assigned
to the ending goods in process?
Rs. 45,000
Rs. 15,000
Rs. 30,000
m 543
d) There will be no ending Inventory
The FIFO inventory costing method (when using under

perpetual inventory system) assumes that the cost of
the earliest units purchased is allocated in which of the
following ways?
Heavenly Interiors had beginning merchandise

inventory of Rs. 75,000. It made purchases of Rs.
160,000 and recorded sales of Rs. 220,000 during
November.
Its estimated gross profit on sales was 30%. On
November 30, the store was destroyed by fire. What was
the value of the merchandise inventory loss?
Rs. 154,000
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 235,000
Rs. 81,000

m 544
Which of the following is a factor that should be taken into

account for fixing re-order level?
Average consumption
Emergency lead time
Danger level
Grumpy & Dopey Ltd estimated that during the year

75,000 machine hours would be used and it has been
using an overhead absorption rate of Rs. 6.40 per
machine hour in its machining department. During the
year the overhead expenditure amounted to Rs. 472,560
and 72,600 machine hours were used.
a) Overhead was under-absorbed by Rs.7,440
m 545
A business always absorbs its overheads on labor hours.

In the 8th period, 18,000 hours were worked, actual
overheads were Rs. 279,000 and there was Rs. 36,000
over-absorption. The overhead absorption rate per hours
was:
Rs. 15.50
Rs. 17.50
Rs. 18.00
Rs. 13.50
Maximize profits
In which of the following would there be a difference

between financial and managerial accounting?
m 546
Which of the following is a cost that changes in

proportion to changes in volume?
Fixed cost
Sunk cost
Opportunity cost

Analyzing the data

m 547
The main difference between the profit center and

investment center is:
Decision making
Revenue generation
Cost incurrence
Sunk Cost
Standard Cost
Relevant Cost
Irrelevant cost
17- If, Sales = Rs. 800,000, Markup = 25% of cost, what

would be the value of Gross
profit?
Rs. 200,000
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 480,000
Rs. 640,000
Opening finished goods units + Units produced – Closing

finished goods units =
m 548
Units sold
Units Sold = Units produced + Closing finished goods

units - Opening finished goods
units
Normal Loss
Abnormal Loss
Income Statement
If computational and record-keeping costs are about

the same under both FIFO
and weighted average, which of the following method will
generally be
preferred?
A. Weighted Average
m 549
FIFO
Which of the following System applies when

standardized goods are produced
B. Process Costing
C. Standard Costing
The cost of material that is not completely processed,

would be found in which
Supplies inventory
A complete set of Financial Statements for Nestle

Company at December 31,

m 550
D. Notes containing additional information that is

useful in interpreting the Financial
Statements
Total Fixed cost _______ with the increase in
production. A. Remains constant
Decreases
Increases
The following data is available for the Bricks
Company: Particulars Rs.
Freight in 20,000

You are required to calculate the cost of goods available
for sales if Gross Profit is
A. Rs. 1,490,000
B. Rs. 1,390,000
C. Rs. 1,500,000
D. Rs. 1,590,000
m 551
A. Rs. 250,000
B. Rs. 260,000
C. Rs. 270,000
D. Rs. 280,000
Job 210 was unfinished at the end of the accounting

period. The total cost
assigned to the job was Rs. 12,000 of which Rs.
3,000 was direct material cost.
Factory overheads were allocated to goods in process
at 150% of direct labor
cost. What was the amount of direct labor cost charged to Job
210?
A. Rs. 3,600
B. Rs. 3,000
C. Rs. 5,400
D. Rs. 9,000
m 552
Job 210 was unfinished at the end of the accounting

period. The total cost
assigned to the job was Rs. 12,000 of which Rs.
3,000 was direct material cost.
Factory overheads were allocated to goods in process
at 150% of direct labor
cost. What was the amount of Factory over head cost
charged to Job 210?
A. Rs. 3,600
B. Rs. 3,000
C. Rs. 5,400
D. Rs. 9,000
The over applied balance of the Factory Overhead

ledger account is Rs. 36,000,
a significant amount. The ending balances of Goods
in Process Inventory,
Finished Goods Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold accounts are
Rs.
12,000, Rs.
8,000, and Rs. 60,000, respectively. On the basis of

ending balances, how much
of the over applied balance of overhead should be
allocated to each of these
accounts?
A. Rs.5, 400, Rs.27, 600, Rs.3, 000
B. Rs.27,400, Rs. 3,600, Rs. 5,000

m 553
C. Rs. 5,400, Rs. 3,600, Rs. 27,000
PEL Limited has been using an overhead rate of Rs.

5.60 per machine hour.
During the year, overheads of Rs. 275,000 were incurred
and 48,000 machine
Under-applied by Rs.7,600
Over-applied by Rs. 6,200

Under-applied by Rs. 6,200
Over-applied by Rs. 7,600
D. Machine hours
If a company uses a predetermined rate for the
application of factory overhead,
B. Difference in budgeted costs and actual costs of fixed

overheads items
m 554
C. Difference in budgeted cost and actual costs of

variable overheads items
Which of the following manufacturing operations, which

is best, suited to the
Which of the following is a characteristic of

process cost accounting system?
C. Only Closing stock of work in process is restated in

terms of completed units
D. Opening and Closing stock of work in process are
related in terms of completed
units
Which cost accumulation procedure is best

suited to a continuous mass
B. Standard costing
m 555
C. Actual costing
D. Process costing
Which of the following would be considered an external

user of the firm's
President
Stockholder
Sales manager
Controller
19. Cost accounting concepts include all of the following

EXCEPT:
Planning
Controlling
Sharing
Costing
Controller
Staff accountant
m 556
Auditor
Finance director
a. Production volume increases.

b. Production volume decreases.
a. Conversion cost.
b. Production cost.
Total cost.
3). Find the value of purchases if Raw material consumed Rs. 90,000;
Opening and closing stock of raw material is Rs. 50,000 and
30,000 respectively.
a. Rs. 10,000
b. Rs. 20,000
Rs. 70,000
Rs. 1,60,000
m 557
a. Rs. 32,000
b. Rs. 48,000
Rs. 8,000
Rs. 10,000
5).______________ method assumes that the goods received most

recently in the stores or produced recently are the first ones to be
delivered to the requisitioning department.
FIFO
LIFO
(5 x
Fill in the blanks: 1)
1). Indirect cost that is incurred in producing product or

services but which can not traced in full.
2 Sunk cost is the cost that incurred or expended in the past

which can not be retrieved.
m 558
4). If cost of goods sold Rs. 20,000 and Sales Rs. 50,000 then
Gross Markup Rate is 150%
5). Under Perpetual system, a complete and continuous

record of movement of each inventory item is maintained.
Financial statement
Order sheet
4
5
6 ( 6th is concerned with calculation of loss)
7
Which one of the organization follows the cost of production

report _________________?
Textile unit
Poultry forming
m 559
d. None of the given option.
_____________________ part of cost of production report explains the

cost incurred during the process.
Quantity schedule
Solve the question 5 to 7. If units put in the process 7,000,

units completed and transfer out 5,000. Units still in process
(100% Material, 50% Conversion cost). 500 units were lost. Cost
incurred during the process Material and Labor Rs. 50,000 and
60,000.
5,750
7,000
5,000
6,500
Find the value of per unit cost of both material and conversion
cost

m 560

Rs. 57,500
Rs. 50,000
Rs. 70,000
In case of second department find the increase of per unit cost in

case of unit lost. Cost received from previous department is Rs.
1,40,000.
1.43
(2.13)
1.54
1.67

m 561
10 _________________ needs further processing to improve its

marketability.
a. By product
b. Joint Product
Augmented product
Jan 1; finished goods inventory of Manuel Company was $3,

00,000. During the year Manuel’s cost of goods sold was $19,
00,000, sales were $2, 000,000 with a 20% gross profit.
Calculate cost assigned to the December 31; finished goods
inventory.
$ 4,00,000
$ 6,00,000
$ 16,00,000
The main purpose of cost accounting is to:
Maximize profits.

Prime Cost
Conversion Cost
m 562
The cost expended in the past that cannot be retrieved on

product or service
Relevant Cost
Sunk Cost
Product Cost
Irrelevant Cost
When a manufacturing process requires mostly human labor and

there are widely varying wage rates among workers, what is
probably the most appropriate basis of applying factory costs
to work in process?
Machine hours
Direct labor hours
distribution
internal audit
design
An industry that would most likely use process costing procedures

is:
m 563
tires
home construction
printing
aircraft
e.
Per unit Total

Variable
cost
a. Constant, Decrease
b. Decrease, Decrease
Increase, Increase
Increase, Decrease
The Kennedy Corporation uses Raw Material Z in a manufacturing

process. Information as to balances on hand, purchases and
requisitions of Raw Material Z is given below:

08 Received 500 lbs. @ $1.55
18 Issued 100 lbs.
25 Issued 260 lbs.
30 Received 150 lbs. @ $1.60
If a perpetual inventory record of Raw Material Z is maintained on a FIFO basis, it

will show a month end inventory of:
m 564
$240
$784
$759
$767
a. Provides no incentive for employees

to achieve and
maintain a high level of production.
b. 1Is hardly ever used and is difficult to apply.
Encourages employees to sacrifice quality in order to
maximize earnings.
Find out correct option from given MCQs & put your answer in
above table:
A manufacturing company manufactures a product which

passes through two
departments. 10,000 units were put in process. 9,400
units were completed &
transferred to department-II. 400 units (1/2 complete)
were in process at the end of
month. Remaining 200 units were lost during processing.
Costs incurred by the
Particulars Rs.
Direct Labor 24,250
Apportionment of the Accumulated Cost/Total Cost

accounted for, for the month in CPR
____________ http://vustudents.ning.com
Allied chemical company reported the following production data

for its department:
Particulars Units
m 566
All materials were put in process in Department No. 1. Costing

department collected following figures for department No. 2:
Particulars Rs.
3,500 units
39,500 units
43,000 units
Unit cost of lost unit after adjustment (by using any method)
_________
Rs. 0.64
Rs. 0.36
Rs. 0.18

m 567
In Department No. 315 normal production losses are discovered at

the end of process. During January 2007 following costs were
charged to Department 315:
Particulars Rs.
Direct Labor 20,000
Particulars Units
Received in 12,000
m 568
Cost of normal loss (where normal loss is discovered at

the end of process)
_________:
Rs. 14,000
Rs. 44,000
Rs. 1, 12,000
2,000 units
7,000 units
10,000 units
Unit cost of Direct Labor__________
a. Rs. 1
Rs. 2
Rs. 3
m 569
During January, Assembling department received 60,000

units from preceding department at a unit cost of Rs.
3.54. Costs added in the assembly department were:
Particulars Rs.
Materials 41,650
Labor 101,700
Particulars Units
9,000 Units lost (1/2 completed as to materials & conversion cost )

1,000
The entire loss is considered abnormal & is to be charged to

factory overhead.
m 570
9,000 units
56,500 units
59,500 units
For which one of the following industry would you recommend a

Job Order Costing system?
Oil Refining
Grain dealing
Beverage production
Law Cases
For which one of the following industry would you

recommend a Process Costing system?
Grain dealer
Law office
Auditor
m 571
The difference between total revenues and total variable

costs is known as:
Contribution margin
Gross margin
Operating income
Fixed costs
Percentage of Margin of Safety can be calculated in which

one of the following ways?


m 572
If 120 units produced, 100 units were sold @ Rs. 200 per unit.
Variable cost related to production & selling is Rs. 150 per unit
and fixed cost is Rs. 5,000. If the management wants to decrease
sales price by 10%, what will be the effect of decreasing unit sales
price on profitability of company? (Cost & volume profit analysis
keep in your mind while solving it)
Remains constant

If 120 units produced, 100 units were sold @ Rs. 200 per unit.
Variable cost related to production & selling is Rs. 150 per unit
and fixed cost is Rs. 5,000. If the management wants to increase
sales price by 10%, what will be increasing sales profit of
company by increasing unit sales price. (Cost & volume profit
analysis keep in your mind while solving it)
a. Rs.2,000
m 573
Rs. 5,000
Rs. 7,000
The following is the Corporation's Income Statement for last

month:
Particulars Rs.
Sales 4,000,000
Net income480,000
The company has no beginning or ending inventories. A

total of 80,000 units were produced and sold last month.
What is the company's contribution margin
ratio? a. 30%
b. 70%
m 574
150%
48,000 units
72,000 units
80,000 units
How many units would the company have to sell to attain

target profits of Rs. 600,000?
88,000 units
100,000 units
106,668 units
Rs. 480,000
Rs. 1,600,000
m 575
Rs. 2,400,000
A manufacturer of ink cartridges would ordinarily use process

costing rather than job-order costing
If a company uses a process costing system it accumulates costs
by processing department rather than by job
The output of a processing department must be homogeneous in
order to use process costing
a. Companies that produce many different products or

services are more likely to use job-order costing systems
than process costing systems
b. Job-order costing systems are used by manufactures only and
process costing systems are used by service firms only
c. Job-order costing systems are used by service firms and
process costing systems are used by manufacturers
m 576
Using absorption costing, unit cost of product includes

which of the following combination of costs?
c. Direct materials, direct labor, variable overhead and

fixed overhead
a. Indirect costing
b. Direct costing
c. Variable costing
d. Both (b) and (c)
m 577
Direct labor Rs.10
Using the data given above, what will be the unit product
cost under absorption costing?
Rs. 22
Rs. 28
Rs. 30
m 578
cost under marginal costing?
Rs. 22
Rs. 24
Rs. 28

Both a & b

m 579
The excess of budgeted or actual sales over budgeted or actual

variable expenses
The excess of budgeted or actual sales over budgeted or actual
fixed expenses
The excess of budgeted sales over the break-even volume
of sales
The contribution margin ratio is calculated by using which

one of the given formula?

Data of a company XYZ is given
below Particulars Rs.
Sales 15,00,000
Variable cost
9,00,000
m 580
Fixed Cost 4,00,000
Rs. 1, 00,000
Rs. 2, 00,000
Rs. 13, 00,000

Mr. Zahid received Rs. 100,000 at the time of retirement. He has

invested in a profitable Avenue. From Company A, he received
the dividend of 35% and from Company B he received the
dividend of 25%. He has selected Company A for investment.
His opportunity cost will be:
35,000
25,000
10,000
55,000
In increasing production volume situation, the behavior of Fixed

cost & Variable cost will be:
Increases, constant
Constant, increases
While calculating the finished goods ending inventory, what would

be the formula to calculate per unit cost?
m 581

Cost of goods to be manufactured / number of units
manufactured
If the direct labor is Rs. 42,000 and FOH is 40% of conversion

cost. What will be the amount of FOH?
63,000
30,000
28,000
16,800
Which one of the following centers is responsible to earns sales
revenue?
Cost center
Investment center
Revenue center
Profit center
Which one of the following cost would not be termed as Product

Costs?
Indirect Material
Direct Labor
Which of the following ratios expressed that how many times the
inventory is turning over towards the cost of goods sold?
m 582

Both A & B
When opening and closing inventories are compared, if ending

inventory is more than opening inventory, it means that:
Both a and b
The total labor cost incurred by a manufacturing entity includes

which one of the following elements?
Direct labor cost

Indirect labor cost
Abnormal labor cost
10. If,
Material consumed Rs.

7,500
10 Times
12 times
14.5 times
9.5 times
Find out correct option from given MCQs & put your answer in
above table:
A manufacturing company manufactures a product which

passes through two
departments. 10,000 units were put in process. 9,400
units were completed &
m 584
transferred to department-II. 400 units (1/2 complete)

were in process at the end of
month. Remaining 200 units were lost during processing.
Costs incurred by the
Particulars Rs.
Direct Labor 24,250
200 units
9400 units
9600 units
Allied chemical company reported the following production data

for its department:
m 585
Particulars Units
All materials were put in process in Department No. 1. Costing

department collected
Particulars Rs.
3,500 units
39,500 units
43,000 units
None of the given options Cost & Management Accounting

(mgt402) Solution to Quiz 02
m 586
Rs. 0.64
Rs. 0.36
Rs. 0.18
During January, Assembling department received 60,000

units from preceding department at a unit cost of Rs.
3.54. Costs added in the assembly department were:
Particulars Rs.
Materials 41,650
Labor 101,700
Particulars Units
m 587
9,000
The entire loss is considered abnormal & is to be charged to

factory overhead.
Rs. 55,703.3 App.
Rs. 356,546.6 App.
Rs. 412,249.9 App.
The following is the Corporation's Income Statement for last

month:
Particulars Rs.
Sales 4,000,000
m 588
Net income 1480,000Cost & Management Accounting

The company has no beginning or ending inventories. A

total of 80,000 units were
30%
50%
150%
48,000 units
72,000 units
80,000 units
m 589
How many units would the company have to sell to attain

target profits of Rs.600,000?
48,000 units
88,000 units
106,668 units
Rs. 1,600,000
Rs. 2,400,000
Rs. 25,60,000
m 590
Direct labor Rs.10
Variable overhead Rs.6 Cost & Management Accounting

cost under absorption
costing?
Rs. 32
Rs. 30
Rs. 25
cost under marginal
costing?
m 591
Rs. 22
Rs. 24
Rs. 28
Mr. Zahid received Rs. 100,000 at the time of retirement.

He has invested in a profitable Avenue. From Company
A, he received the dividend of 35% and from Company B
he received the dividend of 25%. He has selected
Company A for investment. His opportunity cost will be:
35,000
25,000
10,000
55,000
In increasing production volume situation, the behavior of
Fixed cost & Variable cost will be:
Increases, constant
Constant, increases
While calculating the finished goods ending inventory,
what would be the formula to calculate per unit cost?

Cost of goods to be manufactured / number of units
manufactured
m 592
If the direct labor is Rs. 42,000 and FOH is 40% of

conversion cost. What will be the amount of FOH?
63,000
30,000
28,000
16,800
Which one of the following centers is responsible to earns
sales revenue?
Cost center
Investment center
Revenue center
Profit center
While preparing the Cost of Goods Sold and Income
Statement, the over applied FOH is;
Add back, add back
Which of the following ratios expressed that how many
times the inventory is turning over towards the cost of
goods sold?
Net profit ratio
Gross profit ratio
When opening and closing inventories are compared, if
ending inventory is more than opening inventory, it
means that:
Both a and b
The total labor cost incurred by a manufacturing entity
includes which one of the following elements:
m 593
Direct labor cost

Indirect labor cost
Abnormal labor cost
20. If,
10 Times
12 times
14.5 times
9.5 times
1. If Units sold = 10,000
9,500
10,500
13,500
6,500
m 594
Calculate the amount of direct

labor if: Direct material = 15,000
6,429
30,000
10,500
35,000
Material cost = 4.00 per

unit Labor cost =
0.60 per unit
6.0
9.2
7.0
ABC & Company has maintained the following data of

inventory control Under the periodic inventory system:
Date Units Total
m 595
100 @
Jan 01 10 1000
100 @
Jan 05 11 1100
150 @
Jan 10 12 1600
During the period 300 units were sold. Calculate the cost
of ending inventory under FIFO method.
600
500
400
300
National chains of tyre fitters stock a popular tyre for

which the following information is available:
Based on the above data calculate the maximum

level of stock possible:
2800
3000
4900
m 596
d. 5800
Fill in the blanks:
Irrelevant costs are those costs that would not affect the
current management decision.
Increase in inventory means closing inventory is greater than

the opening inventory.
Weighted average cost is used to determine the value of cost of

consumption and ending inventory.
The total amount earned in a week or month by an employee is

called gross pay.
The method of remuneration in which a worker is paid on the

basis of production and not time taken by him to perform the
work is called piece rate wage.
A cost that remains unchanged across the relevant range

of units produced is what kind of cost?
a) Fixed cost
b) Product cost
c) Mixed cost
d) Period cost

m 597
Rs. 132,100
Rs. 116,000
Rs. 130,200
Rs. 130,500
_____________________ is a part of cost of production report
that explains the cost incurred during the process.
Quantity schedule

m 598
A company makes one product, which has variable

manufacturing costs of Rs.3.25 per unit and variable
selling and administrative costs of Rs. 1.17 per unit.
Fixed manufacturing costs are Rs. 42,300 per month
and fixed selling and administrative costs are Rs. 29,900
per month. The company wants to earn an average
monthly profit of Rs. 15,000 and they expect to produce
and sell an average of 40,000 units of the product per
month. What is the minimum selling price management
can be expected to set to meet their profitability goals?
Rs. 4.69
Rs. 4.42
Rs. 6.60
Rs. 6.23
Cost incurred during the process Material and Labor Rs. 50,000
and Rs. 60,000.
By using the above information, find out the number of

units that will appear in quantity schedule.
5,750
7,000
m 599
5,000
6,500
Find out the value of per unit cost of both material and
conversion cost.


Rs. 5750
Rs. 5000
Rs. 7000
Opening work in process inventory can be calculated
under which of the following method?
_________________ needs further processing to improve its
marketability.
By product
Joint Product
Augmented product
The contribution margin increases when sales volume and

price remain
m 600
the same and:
The main difference between the incremental and

marginal cost is that:
Incremental cost does not show any change for any level of
activity
There is no difference between marginal cost and incremental

cost
Shipping fees
Advertising flyers
Sales commissions
Direct materials
m 601
Tangible products
Intangible products
T Corp. had net income before taxes of Rs. 200,000 and sales of
Rs.
2,000,000. If it is in the 50% tax bracket, its profit margin would

be:
5%
12%
20%
25%
Direct materials cost is Rs. 80,000. Direct labor cost is Rs.
60,000. Factory overhead is Rs. 90,000. Beginning goods in
process were Rs.
15,000. The cost of goods manufactured is Rs. 245,000.

What is the cost
http://vustudents.ning.co 602
m
Rs. 45,000
Rs. 15,000
Rs. 30,000
A firm had Rs. 200,000 in sales, Rs. 120,000 of goods

available for sale,
an ending finished goods inventory of Rs. 20,000. Selling and
Administrative expenses are Rs. 55,000. Which of the

following is true?

A complete set of Financial Statements for Hanery
Company, at December 31, 1999, would include each of
the following, EXCEPT:
m 603
c) Statement of projected cash flows for 2000
d) Notes containing additional information that is in

useful
interpreting the
9) The FIFO inventory costing method (when using under

perpetual
inventory system) assumes that the cost of the earliest

units purchased

Heavenly Interiors had beginning merchandise inventory

of Rs. 75,000.
It made purchases of Rs. 160,000 and recorded sales of
Rs. 220,000 during November. Its estimated gross profit
on sales was 30%. On
November 30, the store was destroyed by fire. What was

the value of the
merchandise inventory loss?
m 604
Rs. 154,000
Rs. 160,000
Rs. 235,000
Rs. 81,000

Which of the following is a factor that should be taken into

account for
Average consumption
Emergency lead time
Danger level
m 605
Inventory of Rs. 96,000 was purchased during the year. The cost
of
goods sold was Rs. 90,000 and the ending inventory was
Rs. 18,000. What was the inventory turnover ratio for
the year?
5.0
5.3
6.0
6.4
While deducting Income Tax from the gross pay of the

employee, the
employer acts as a (an) _________________for Income Tax
Department.

m 606
A standard rate is paid to the employee when he completed his

job:
In standard time

Reduction of labor turnover, accidents, spoilage, waste
and absenteeism are the results of which of the
following wage plan?
Piece rate plan
Time rate plan
Differential plan
Group bonus system
Grumpy & Dopey Ltd estimated that during the year

75,000 machine
hours would be used and it has been using an overhead
absorption rate
m 607
of Rs. 6.40 per machine hour in its machining
department. During the year the overhead expenditure
amounted to Rs. 472,560 and 72,600 machine hours were
used. Which one of the following statements is correct?
When loss of time due to unavoidable interruptions is

deducted from
Normal capacity
Practical capacity
Expected capacity
A business always absorbs its overheads on labor hours. In the

8th
period, 18,000 hours were worked, actual overheads were

Rs. 279,000
m 608
and there was Rs. 36,000 over-absorption. The overhead

absorption rate
per hours was:
Rs. 15.50
Rs. 17.50
Rs. 18.00
Rs. 13.50
If computational and record-keeping costs are about the

same under
both FIFO and weighted average, which of the following
method will generally be preferred?
Weighted Average
FIFO
m 609
A by-product is a product arising from a process where the

wastage rate is
A by-product is a product arising from a process where
the sales value is insignificant by comparison with that of
the main product or
products
A by-product is a product arising from a process where the

wastage rate is
unpredictable

value is
When two products are manufactured during a common

process, the
factor that determine whether the products are joint
product or one main product and one is by product is
the:
m 610
d) Management policy
Good Job Plc makes one product which sells for Rs. 80 per
unit. Fixed
costs are Rs. 28,000 per month and marginal costs are Rs. 42 a
unit.
350 units
667 units
1,000 units
1,350 units
Hyde Park Company produces sprockets that are used in

wheels. Each
sprocket sells for Rs. 50 and the company sells
approximately 400,000
Direct labor Rs. 10
Other costs:
Manufacturing
m 611
Distribution
Fixed
Rs. 5
Rs. 4
Variable
Rs. 7
Rs. 3
Rs. 44
Rs. 37
Rs. 32
Rs. 35
Janet sells a product for Rs.6.25. The variable costs are

Rs.3.75. Janet's
Rs. 87,500
Rs. 35,000
Rs.131,250
m 612
d) Rs. 104,750
A firm, which makes yachts, has fixed costs of Rs. 260,000

per month.
The product sells for Rs. 35,000 per boat, and the variable costs
of
production are Rs. 15,000 per boat. The boatyard can

manufacture 20
boats each month. What is the firms’ margin of safety at
the moment?
20%
35%
54%
57%
Which of the following is not one of the requirements of

the general

Changes are not to be made just because more favorable
results are
foreseeable
m 613
If B Limited shows required production of 120 cases of product

for
the
month, direct labor per case is 3 hours at Rs. 12 per
hour. Budgeted labor costs for the month should be:
360 hours
Rs. 1,440
Rs. 4,320
Rs. 5,346
Which of the following is not an explanation for rising

profit levels at the
Repayment of loan
m 614
(Question 2-a) (10 x 1=10)
From the following information calculate the Maximum stock level,

Minimum stock level, Re-ordering level and Danger stock level;-
(f) Emergency Re-order period 13 days
(1.25x4=5)
Solution:
= 400 x 15 = 6,000
Maximum level =Order level – (Minimum consumption x Lead

time) + EOQ
= 6,000 – (200 x 10) + 3,600 = 7,600
Minimum Level = Order level— (Average consumption x lead

time)
= 6,000 – (300 x 12.5) = 2,250
Danger Level = Average consumption x Emergency
time = 300 x 13 = 3,900
m 616
(Question 2-b)
Annual requirement 1200

units
Required:

Frequency of orders
(2+1.5+1.5=5)
m 617
Solution:
= (2 x 1200 x 3/0.25 + 5% of
(1) EOQ 5)1/2
= 120 units
1200/120
10
360/10
36days
Solution
GOGO Manufacturing Company
Income Statement
Sales 250000
m 618
Prime Cost 160000
Add: Factory overhead 10000

applied(20000*50/100)
Less Closing Inventory of

W.I.P. 20000
Add: Opening Inventory of Finished 10000

Goods
Cost of goods available for

sale 170000
Cost of Goods Sold (At

Normal) 150000
Gross Profit 99,211

Less: Operating
Expenses
Net Income 90,211
Applied FOH 1000

0
m 620
Actual FOH

0
Indirect material consumed
250
Depreciation of plant
0
Indirect labor
300
0
200
0
100
0
Unde
r applied FOH 1000
uction method
C.G.S.
ry)
150,000
15
11 / 2,50,000 = 39.68%
m 621
Q1. S.P Johns Corporation is a manufacturing concern.

Following is the receipts & issues record for the month of
January, 2006.
m 622
Jan 11 150 units
Jan 20 150 units
Required: Find the value of ending inventory by preparing

Material Ledger card under Perpetual and Periodic
inventory system based on the above information using
each of the following methods:
Jan 100 40 4,000 100 40 4,000

1
Jan 200 45 9,000 100 40 4,000

8
200 45 9,000
m 623
Jan 100 40 4,000

11
50 45 2,250 150 45 6750
Jan 50 45 2,250 100 45 4,500

13
Jan 50 60 3,000 100 45 4,500

16
50 60 3,000
Jan 100 70 7,000 100 45 4,500

18
50 60 3,000
100 70 7,000
Jan 100 45 4500 100 70 7,000

20
50 60 3,000
7,000 7,500 7,000
m 624
Jan 100 40 4,000 100 40 4,000

1
43.3
Jan 200 45 9,000 300 3 13,000
8
Jan 150 43.33 6500.5 150 43.33 6500.5

11
43.3
Jan 50 43.33 2166.5 100 4 4334
13
Jan 50 60 3,000 150 49 7334

16
Jan 100 70 7,000 250 57.3 14,334

18
Jan 150 57.3 8595 10057.39 5739

20
m 625
5739
Actual FOH Rs.

2,00,000
Less Applied FOH

2,25,000
25,000
Over applied
Capacity Variance
Applied/Absorbed factory overheadRs. 2,25,000
Less Budgeted factory overhead for capacity attained

2,05,000
Favorable 20,000
(iii) Budget Variance

Budgeted factory overhead for capacity attained Rs.
2,05,000
2,00,00
Less Actual factory overhead 0
Favorable 5,000
Applied FOH
1,80,000 / 20,000 x 25,000 = 2,25,000

1,00,000 / 20,000 x 25,000 =
Variable FOH 1,25,000
2,05,000
JV Company
Rs. Rs.
Sales (80,000 units

@7.00) 560,000
Direct material (100,000 units 150,000

@1.50)
(100,000
Direct labor units 100,000
@1.00)
Variable FOH (100,000 50,000

units@0.50)
300,00
Variable cost of goods 0
manufactured
300,00
Variable cost of goods 0
available for sale
Ending inventory (20,000 units (60,000)

@3.00)
(240,00
Variable cost of goods sold 0)

Variable marketing and
admin expenses
(80,000 units
@0.50) (40,000)

Marketing and admin 80,000
expenses
(230,00
Total fixed expenses 0)
m 628
50,00
Operating income 0
Requirement # 1
Per unit Cost=Cost of Goods Manufactured (W-1) ÷ Units

Manufactured (W-2)
Rs.706, 600 ÷ 4000 units
= Rs.176.65
Requirement # 2
420 Units x Rs.176.65
= Rs.74, 193
m 629
Requirement # 3
Cost of Goods Sold:
Cost of Goods Manufactured (Working -1)

Rs.706, 600
------------------------------
------------------------------
Requirement #4
Sales (3880 units x

Rs.220) Rs.853, 600
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
Gross Profit per Unit = Gross Profit ÷ Units Sold
Gross Profit per Unit = Rs.172, 593 ÷

3880 units = Rs.44.483
WORKING NOTES:
(W-1)
Direct Materials:
------------
372,600

631
------------
---------------
--------------
Direct Material Used
Rs.352, 300
Rs.16
Direct Labour 2,
500
Factory Overhead:

------------
Total Factory Overhead

Rs.152, 650
----------------
---
m 632
Total Current Manufacturing Cost

Rs.667, 450
Add: Opening work in process inventory

81,500
---------------
---
Cost of goods available for manufacturing

Rs.748, 950
Less: Closing work in process inventory

42,350
--------------
---

Rs.706, 600
----------------
W-2
Units Manufactured:
Units Sold 3880

Add: Units in Closing Finished Goods
Inventory 420
--------

Less: Units in Opening Finished Goods
Inventory 300
--------
JV Company
Rs. Rs. Rs.
560,00
Sales (80,000 units @7.00) 0
Direct material (100,000 150,000

units@1.50)
Direct labor (100,000 100,000

units@1.00)
Variable FOH (100,000 50,000

units@0.50)
150,00
Fixed FOH 0
450,00
Cost of goods manufactured 0
--------
Beginning inventory -
450,00
(90,000
Ending inventory (20,000 )
units@4.50)
(360,00
Cost of goods sold at actual 0)

m 634
Fixed Marketing and Admin 80,000

expenses
Variable Marketing and

Admin expenses
(80,000 units @0.50) 40,000
(120,00
0)
19,600 4900
3731 1599
1080 120
----- 55,000
1250 11250
----- 50000
2000 -----
2254 960
4500 -----
5600 1400
m 635
5500 -----
3150 3150
48665 128385
a). Cost includes both fixed and variable cost. Variable cost varies
with the level of production. So variable cost will be different at
cost and at break even point.
b). Break even sales / Sales price per unit = 2,11,333 / 800 =
264 students
c). Fixed cost / *Contribution margin ratio = 1,28,385 / 1-

48,665 / 1,24,000 = 1,28,385 / 0.6075
= Rs. 2,11,333
d). Fixed cost + Desired Profit / *Contribution margin per unit =

1,28,385 + 25000 / 800 – * 314
= 315 students
e). Sales – B.E (S) / Sales x 100 = 1,24,000 – 2,11,333 /

1,24,000 x 100 = (70.43)
m 636
*Contribution Margin per unit = Sales price per unit -

Variable cost per unit
UNITS MANUFACTURED DURING YEAR:
Units
Units sold during
year 8,000
Add: Ending finished goods

units 2,000
Less: Opening finished goods

units 1,800
Units
manufactured during
year 8,200
Complete The Foreman’s Estimate Of The Cost Of Work In

Process
Value of FOH for Work in process ending Inventory = 1,000 x 80%

= Rs. 800
m 637
Rs.
Direct material cost 2,700
Rs.
Direct Labor cost 1,000
FOH Rs. 800
Work in Process Ending Rs.

Inventory 4,500
Amount
Particulars (Rs.)
Direct Labor 20,000
FOH 16,000
Solution:
m 638
Dat Value of Average

e Receipts Stock Cost.
7- 200 units @ Rs. 200 x 30,000 / 200

30,00
Nov 150/unit 150 = 0 = 15
9- -- 75 x 150 = 30,000 - 18,750 / 125

11,250 18,75
Nov 11,250 = 0 = 15
13- 150 units @ Rs. 15,000 + 33,750 / 275

18,750 33,75
Nov 100/unit = 0 = 12
15- 100 units @ Rs. 33,750 + 51,250 / 375

17,500 51,25
Nov 175/unit = 0 = 13
250 x 136.7
18- -- = 51,250 - 17,075 / 125
34,175 17,07
Nov 34,175 = 5 = 13
100 x 136.6
20- = 17,075 -
13,660
Nov 13,660 = 3,415 3,415 / 25 = 13
22- 300 units @ 37,500 + 40,915 / 325

Rs.125/uni 3,415 40,91
Nov t = 5 = 12
300 x 125.9
24- -- = 40,915 -
37,770
Nov 37,770 = 3,145 3,145 / 25 = 12
27- 200 units @ Rs. 3,145 + 33,145 / 225

30,000 33,14
Nov 150/unit = 5 = 14
125 x 147.3
30- -- = 33,145 - 14,733 / 100
Nov 18,412.5 18,412 14,73 = 14
= 3
2400
Estimated requirements for next year: units

Rs.
Ordering Cost (per order): 20
Carrying Cost: 10%

Prove your answer
Solution
(2 X 2400 X 20/10% OF 1.5)1/2
800 UNITS
Order Required No of Total Total Total

qty Units orders ordering carrying cost
cost cost
600 2400 4 80 45 125
800 2400 3 60 60 120
1000 2400 2 40 75 115
m 640
m 641

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MGT402 Solved MCQS+ Solved Papers http://vustudents.ning.

COST & MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING (MGT402)

MGT402- Cost &amp; Management Accounting (Session - 4)

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

None of the given options

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

2 Sales returns & allowances

3 Sales returns & allowances and sales discounts

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Which of the following is a cost that changes in proportion to changes in volume?

3 None of the given options

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

0 Currently being worked on

3 Already delivered to customers

Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

According to IASB framework, Financial statements exhi25bit its users the:

► Cash inflow and outflow analysis

► All of the given options

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

GP Margin = 25% of sales

What will be the value of Sales? http://vustudents.ning.com

Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Which of the following is correct?

2 Units sold = Sales + Average units of finished goods inventory

3 Units sold = Sales - Average units of finished goods inventory

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

5888 Expenses and revenues cannot be properly matched

5889 Unfair position in Financial Statements

5890 Inventory items show under or over stocking

5891 All of the given options

Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Basic pay + bonus pay + overtime payment is called:

5888 Net pay

5889 Gross pay

5890 Take home pay

5891 All of the given options

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Which of the following is a reason for the overtime to be incurred? http://vustudents.ning.com

23 Make up for lost time

24 Produce more of the product than anticipated

25 Increase efficiency of the workers

Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

5888 Number of units produced

5889 Labor hours

5890 Prime cost

5891 Machine hours

Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

23 Cost may be controlled

24 Cost unit gather overheads as they pass through cost centers

25 Whole items of cost can be charged to cost centers

26 Common costs are shared among cost centers

Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Nelson Company has following FOH detail.

Budgeted (Rs.) Actual (Rs.)

Production Fixed overheads 36,000 39,000

Production Variable overheads 9,000 12,000

Direct labor hours 18,000 20,000

MGT402- Cost & Management Accounting (Session - 4)