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CHE 442 CHEMICAL PROCESSES __________________
LAST NAME, FIRST
Final Exam
1. (20 pts) A continuous fractionating column is required to separate a mixture containing
0.40 mol fraction nheptane (MW= 100) and 0.60 mol fraction noctane (MW = 114) into
overhead products of 99 mol% heptane and bottom products of 1 mol% heptane. The
column is to operate at a pressure of 101.3 kN/m 2 with a pressure drop across the tower
of 25 kPa. The feed is a saturated mixture with 30% vapor, and is supplied to the column
at 0.070 kgmol/s.The reflux ratio (L/D) is 2.5 and the fraction of the cross sectional area
available for vapor flow is 0.88. If the vapor velocity is 0.8 m/s, determine the required
diameter based on the conditions at the bottom of the tower where you can use pure n
octane for the evaluation of vapor density.
Vapor pressure for noctane
ln P*(kPa) = 14.2368 3304.16/(T(oK) 55.2278)
Gas constant R = 8314 m3Pa/kgmol.K.
2. (20 pts) A shellandtube heat exchanger with two tube passes is to heat 20,000 kg/h of
water from 25 to 84oC by hot engine oil flowing through the shell. The oil makes a single
shell pass, entering at 160oC and leaving at 94oC, with a heat transfer coefficient of 500
W/m2.K. The heat exchanger contains 100 steel tubes of 22.9mm inside diameter and
25.4mm outside diameter. The inside heat transfer coefficient is 3210 W/m 2.K.
Neglecting fouling coefficients, determine the required tube length.
Data: Water: Cp = 4182 J/kg.K, density = 998.1 kg/m3
Steel: k = 40 W/m.K
3. (20 pts) Acetone is to be recovered from a 5 mole% acetoneair mixture by scrubbing
with pure water in a packed tower using countercurrent flow. The liquid rate is 2.85
kg/m2s and the gas rate is 1.5 kg/m2s. The overall absorption coefficient Kya may be
taken as 1.5x102 kmol/m3s. The pressure of the system is 101.3 kPa. What should be the
height of the tower to removed 98% of the acetone? Equilibrim data:
y 0 0.0099 0.0196 0.0361 0.0400 0.0500
x 0 0.0076 0.0156 0.0306 0.0333 0.0417
where y = mole fraction acetone is air, x = mole fraction acetone in water
Molecular weight of air is 29. Molecular weight of acetone is 58.1.
4. (20 pts) Acetone is produced by the dehygrogenation of isopropanol with a catalyst at
572oF according to the following irreversible reaction:
Isopropanol > Acetone + H2
The catalyst used for the process decreases in activity as the amount F, lbmole of
isopropanol fed, increases. This effect on the reaction rate is expressed in the following:
0.000625NT ln(1-)
k=-
V , where
a = moles isopropanol converted to acetone and side products/moles isopropanol
fed. a is a variable and is defined mathematically as
d(moles isopropanol converted)
=
dF
k = reactionrate constant, s1
N = lb mol of isopropanol fed to reactor per hour = constant throughout the process
T = absolute temperature, oR, V = catalyst volume = 250 ft3
For every mole of isopropanol converted, 0.90 mole of acetone is produced. The reactor
will operate for 1000 hr before the catalyst is reactivated. k can be expressed as a
function of total isopropanol fed F (lbmole)
k = Aexp(BF), where A = 0.30s1 and B = 1.65x105 lbmole1
When the catalyst is fresh (i.e. when k = 0.30s 1), a is 0.768. Estimate the production of
acetone in pounds (for one operating period of 1000 hr) using Simpson's rule
b
(b - a)
ydx = y1 + 4y2 + y3
6
a
5. 4500 lbmoles/hr of a tail gas with average molecular weight of 25.9 is treated in a
reactor with catalyst to reduce NOx. The spherical catalyst is in a radial bed with an I.D.
of 2.0 ft, an O.D. of 4.5 ft. and a height of 5.0 ft. The catalyst particle has a diameter of
0.25 in and the catalyst bed has a porosity of 0.32. The tail gas enters the reactor at
1200oF and 100 psig. Viscosity of the tail gas is 0.087 lb/ft.hr. The pressure drop across
the reactor based on the inlet conditions is desired.
Pressure drop can be estimated from the following correlation for the flow of fluids

through a bed of granular solid.
2f G2 L(1 - )3-n
P = m
3-n
Dp gcs 3 , where
a. (2 pts) L = depth of bed, ft = _________
b. (4 pts) G = fluid superficial mass velocity, lb/ft2s = ____________
c. (2 pts) r = fluid density, lb/ft3 = ____________
d. (2 pts) fm = friction factor, a function of N'Re given in figure 1. If N'Re is 3000 and
the bed is Alundum, fm = _________
e. (2 pts) n = exponent, a function of N'Re given in figure 1. If N'Re is 400, n = ____
f. (2 pts) If G = 1.2 lb/ft2s and Dp is average particle diameter, N'Re = __________
g. (2 pts) s = shape factor of solid, defined as the quotient of the area of a sphere
equivalent to the volume of the particle divided by the actual surface of the particle =
____
h. (2 pts) gc = dimensional constant, lb.ft/lbf.s2 = _________
i. (2 pts) e = fractional free volume = ________
Fig. 1. Friction factor for bed of solids.

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CHE 442 CHEMICAL PROCESSES __________________

Pressure drop can be estimated from the following correlation for the flow of fluids

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