QUESTIONNAIRE

ME 211: Thermodynamics TOPIC 5 (1st Law of Control Volume)

November 24, 2023

• QUIZ 5 SET A
1.Steam at 2000 kPa and 600°C flows through a 60-mm-diameter pipe into a device and exits
through a 120-mm-diameter pipe at 600 kPa and 200°C. If the steam in the 60-mm section has a
velocity of 20 m/s, determine the velocity in the 120-mm section. Also calculate the mass flow
rate.

2. Consider a water-cooled condenser in a large refrigeration system in which R-134a is the

refrigerant fluid. The refrigerant enters the condenser at 1.0 MPa and 60°C, at the rate of 0.2 kg/s,
and exits as a liquid at 0.95 MPa and 35°C. Cooling water enters the condenser at 10°C and exits
at 20°C. Determine the rate at which cooling water flows through the condenser
 QUESTIONNAIRE
3. A tank contains 1 m3 air at 100 kPa, 300 K. A pipe flowing air at 1000 kPa, 300 K is connected
to the tank and it is filled slowly to 1000 kPa. Find the heat transfer to reach a final temperature
of 300 K.

• QUIZ 5 SET B
1. Determine the maximum pressure increase provided by a 10-hp pump with a 6-cm-diameter
inlet and a 10-cm-diameter outlet. The inlet velocity of the water is 10 m/s.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
2.Steam enters a turbine at 4000 kPa and 500°C and leaves as shown. For an inlet velocity of 200
m/s calculate the turbine power output. Neglect any heat transfer and kinetic energy change.
Show that the kinetic energy change is negligible.

3. A 2,500 mL tank initially is empty and we want 10 g of ammonia in it. The ammonia comes
from a line with saturated vapor at 25°C. To end up with the desired amount we cool the can while
we fill it in a slow process keeping the can and content at 30°C. Find the final pressure to reach
before closing the valve and the heat transfer?

Sample problems:

1.A steam turbine receives water at 15 MPa,600°C at a rate of 100 kg/s. In the middle section 20
kg/s is withdrawn at 2 MPa, 350°C, and the rest exits the turbine at 75 kPa, and 95% quality.
Assuming no heat transfer and no changes in kinetic energy,find the total turbine power output.
 QUESTIONNAIRE

2. Water flowing in a line at 400 kPa, saturated vapor, is taken out through a valve to 100 kPa.
What is the temperature as it leaves the valve assuming no changes in kinetic energy and no heat
transfer?

3. An air compressor takes in air at 100 kPa, 17°C and delivers it at 1 MPa, 600 K to a constant-
pressure cooler, which it exits at 300 K. Find the specific compressor work and the specific heat
transfer in the cooler.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
4. A 1-m3, 40-kg rigid steel tank contains air at 500 kPa, and both tank and air are at 20°C. The
tank is connected to a line flowing air at 2 MPa, 20 oC. The valve is opened, allowing air to flow
into the tank until the pressure reaches 1.5 MPa and is then closed. Assume the air and tank are
always at the same temperature and the final temperature is 35 oC. Find the final air mass and
the heat transfer.

5. A 2-m3 insulated vessel contains saturated vapor steam at 4 MPa. A valve on the top of the
tank is opened, and steam is allowed to escape. During the process any liquid formed collects at
the bottom of the vessel, so that only saturated vapor exits. Calculate the total mass that has
escaped when the pressure inside reaches 1 MPa.

ME 211: Thermodynamics TOPIC 6 (2nd Law of Thermodynamics)

 QUESTIONNAIRE
November, 2023

• QUIZ 6 SET A
1. A carnot refrigerator operates between temperature limits of -5°C and 30°C. The power
consumed is 4 kW and the heat absorbed is 30 kJ/kg. Determine (a) the COP; (b) the refrigerant
flow rate.

1. In a steam power plant 1 MW is added in the boiler, 0.58 MW is taken out in the condenser
and the pump work is 0.02 MW. Find the plant thermal efficiency. If everything could be
reversed find the coefficient of performance as a refrigerator.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
3. Two different fuels can be used in a heat engine operating between the fuel burning
temperature and a low temperature of 350 K. Fuel A burns at 2200 K delivering 30,000 kJ/kg and
costs PHP. 75.00/kg. Fuel B burns at 1200 K, delivering 40,000 kJ/kg and cost Php. 65.00/kg.
Which fuel will you buy and why?

• QUIZ 6 SET B
1. A Carnot engine produces 25 kW while operating between temperature limits of 1000 K
and 300 K. Determine (a) Heat Supplied per second; (b) heat rejected per second.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
2.A refrigerator should remove 500 kJ from some food. Assume the refrigerator works in a Carnot
cycle between -10°C and 45°C with a motor-compressor of 500 W. How much time does it take if
this is the only cooling load?

2. A steel bottle V = 0.1 m3 contains R-134a at 20°C, 200 kPa. It is placed in a deep freezer
where it is cooled to -20°C. The deep freezer sits in a room with ambient temperature of
20°C and has an inside temperature of -20°C. Find the amount of energy the freezer must
remove from the R-134a and the extra amount of work input to the freezer to do the
process.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
• SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1.A refrigerator maintains the temperature of the freezer compartment at ‐5 C when the air
surrounding the refrigerator is at 22 °C. The rate of heat transfer from the freezer compartment
to the refrigerant (the working fluid) is 8000 kJ/h and the power input required to operate the
refrigerator is 3200 kJ/h. Determine the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator and
compare with the coefficient of performance of a reversible refrigeration cycle operating
between reservoirs atthe same temperatures.

2.Hydrogen gas is used in a Carnot cycle having an efficiency of 60% with a low temperature of
300 K. During the heat rejection the pressure changes from 90 kPa to 120 kPa. Find the high and
low temperature heat transfer and the net cycle work per unit mass of hydrogen.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
3.A farmer runs a heat pump with a 2 kW motor. It should keep a chicken hatchery at 30C,
which loses energy at a rate of 10 kW to the colder ambient Tamb. What is the minimum
coefficient of performance that will be acceptable for the heat pump?

ME 211: Thermodynamics TOPIC 7 (Entropy)

December, 2023

• QUIZ 7 SET A
1. One kilogram of ammonia in a piston/cylinder at 50°C, 1000 kPa is expanded in a reversible
isothermal process to 100 kPa. Find the work and heat transfer for this process.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
2. A piston-cylinder device initially contains 3 lbm of liquid water at 20 psia and 70°F. The water
is now heated at constant pressure by the addition of 3450 Btu of heat. Determine the entropy
change of the water during this process.

3. For an ideal gas, what is most nearly the specific molar entropy change during an isothermal
process in which the pressure changes from 200 kPa to 150 kPa?
 QUESTIONNAIRE
• QUIZ 7 SET B
1. A cylinder containing R-134a at 10°C and 150 kPa has an initial volume of 20 L. A piston
compresses the R-134a in a reversible, isothermal process until it reaches the saturated vapor
state. Calculate the required work and heat transfer to accomplish this process.

2. A rigid tank contains 5 kg of refrigerant-134a initially at 20°C and 140 kPa. The refrigerant is
now cooled while being stirred until its pressure drops to 100 kPa. Determine the entropy change
of the refrigerant during this process.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
3. In a process outlined by a p-V diagram, state 1 is characterized by constant volume with state
2. State 1 has a pressure of 1248 kPa and a temperature of 600K, while state 2 has a pressure of
3178 kPa and a temperature of 1534K. Heat addition takes place between states 1 and 2. Given
that CV is 0.434 kJ/kg-K for the substance, what is the approximate entropy produced during this
process?

• SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. A large slab of concrete, 5 × 8 × 0.3 m, is used as a thermal storage mass in a solar- heated
house. If the slab cools overnight from 23°C to 18°C in an 18°C house, what is the net entropy
change associated with this process?

2.A cylinder/piston contains 1 kg methane gas at 100 kPa, 20°C. The gas is compressed
reversibly to a pressure of 800 kPa. Calculate the work required if the process is

a) Adiabatic
 QUESTIONNAIRE

b) Isothermal

c) Polytropic, with exponent n = 1.15

 QUESTIONNAIRE
ME 211: Thermodynamics TOPIC 8 (Entropy)
December, 2023

• QUIZ 8 SET A
1. Air is compressed from an initial state of 100 kPa and 17°C to a final state of 600 kPa and 57°C.
Determine the entropy change of air during this compression process by using (a) property values
from the air table and (b) average specific heats.

2. Air is compressed by an adiabatic compressor from 100 kPa and 12°C to a pressure of 800
kPa at a steady rate of 0.2 kg/s. If the isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 80 percent,
determine (a) the exit temperature of air and (b) the required power input to the compressor.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
3. A cylinder fitted with a piston contains 0.5 kg of R-134a at 60C, with a quality of 50 percent.
The R-134a now expands in an internally reversible polytropic process to ambient temperature,
20C at which point the quality is 100 percent. Any heat transfer is with a constant-temperature
source, which is at 60C. Find the polytropic exponent n and shows that this process satisfies the
second law of thermodynamics.

• QUIZ 8 SET B
1. Air is compressed steadily by a reversible compressor from an inlet state of 100 kPa and 300
K to an exit pressure of 900 kPa. Twolde Quiz No. 8 (2nd Law for CV) Determine the compressor
work per unit mass for (

a) isentropic compression with k = 1.4,

(b) polytropic compression with n = 1.3,

 QUESTIONNAIRE
(c) isothermal compression.

2. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 3 MPa and 400°C and leaves at 50 kPa and 100°C.
If the power output of the turbine is 2 MW, determine (a) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine
and (b) the mass flow rate of the steam flowing through the turbine.

3. Steam enters a turbine with a pressure of 3 MPa, a temperature of 400 °C, and a velocity of 160
m/s. Saturated vapor at 100 °C exits with a velocity of 100 m/s. At steady-state, the turbine
develops work equal to 540 kJ/kg. Heat transfer between the turbine and its surroundings occur
at an average outer surface temperature of 350 K. Determine the rate at which entropy is produced
within the turbine per kg of steam flowing, in kJ/kg.K. Neglect the change in potential energy
between inlet and exit.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
• SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. Steam enters a turbine with a pressure of 30 bar, a temperature of 400°C, and a velocity of 160
m/s. Saturated vapor at 100°C exits with a velocity of 100 m/s. At steady state, the turbine
develops work equal to 540 kJ per kg of steam flowing through the turbine. Heat transfer between
the turbine and its surroundings occurs at an average outer surface temperature of 350 K.
Determine the rate at which entropy is produced within the turbine per kg of steam flowing, in
kJ/kg.K. Neglect the change in potential energy between inlet and exit.
 QUESTIONNAIRE

2. A geothermal supply of hot water at 500 kPa, 150°C is fed to an insulated flash evaporator at
the rate of 1.5 kg/s. A stream of saturated liquid at 200 kPa is drained from the bottom of the
chamber and a stream of saturated vapor at 200 kPa is drawn from the top and fed to a turbine.
Find the rate of entropy generation in the flash evaporator.

3. A condenser in a power plant receives 5 kg/s steam at 15 kPa, quality 90% and rejects the
heat to cooling water with an average temperature of 17°C. Find the power given to the cooling
water in this constant pressure process and the total rate of entropy generation when
condenser exit is saturated liquid.
 QUESTIONNAIRE

4. An insulated piston/cylinder contains R-22 at 20°C, 85% quality, at a cylinder volume of 50 L.

A valve at the closed end of the cylinder is connected to a line flowing R-22 at 2 MPa, 60°C. The
valve is now opened, allowing R-22 to flow in, and at the same time the external force on the
piston is decreased, and the piston moves. When the valve is closed, the cylinder contents are at
800 kPa, 20°C, and a positive work of 50 kJ has been done against the external force. What is
the final volume of the cylinder? Does this process violate the second law of thermodynamics?

5. A turbine receives air at 1500 K, 1000 kPa and expands it to 100 kPa. The turbine has an
isentropic efficiency of 85%. Find the actual turbine exit air temperature and the specific entropy
increase in the actual turbine.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
6. A compressor is used to bring saturated water vapor at 1 MPa up to 17.5 MPa, where the
actual exit temperature is 650°C. Find the isentropic compressor efficiency and theentropy
generation.

7. A nozzle is required to produce a flow of air at 200 m/s at 20°C, 100 kPa. It is estimated that
the nozzle has an isentropic efficiency of 92%. What nozzle inlet pressure and temperature is
required assuming the inlet kinetic energy is negligible?