Section 8: Statics - Basics

8-1
 Fundamental Concepts
• Time - definition of an event requires specification of the time and
position at which it occurred.

• Mass - used to characterize and compare bodies, e.g., response to

earth’s
h gravitational
i i l attractioni andd resistance
i to changes
h in
i translational
l i l
motion.

• Force - represents the action of one body on another.

another A force is
characterized by its point of application, magnitude, and direction, i.e.,
a force is a vector quantity.

In Newtonian Mechanics, space, time, and mass are absolute concepts,

independent of each other. Force, however, is not independent of the
other three. The force actingg on a bodyy is related to the mass of the body
y
and the variation of its velocity with time.
8-2 From: Rabiei, Chapter 1
 Fundamental Principles
• Newton’s First Law: If the resultant force on a
particle is zero, the particle will remain at rest
or continue to move in a straight line.
• Newton’s Second Law: A particle will have
an acceleration proportional to a nonzero
resultant applied force.
• Parallelogram Law r r
F = ma
• Newton’s Third Law: The forces of action and
reaction between two particles have the same
magnitude and line of action with opposite
sense.
• Newton’s Law of Gravitation: Two particles
are attracted with equal and opposite forces,
Mm GM
• Principle of Transmissibility F =G W = mg , g =
r2 R2
8-3 From: Rabiei, Chapter 1
 Fundamental Equations
• Statics implies equilibrium
• No Acceleration Î ΣF = ma = 0
– Sum of Forces in all directions is ZERO!
• ΣFx = 0
• ΣFy = 0
• ΣFz = 0

• No Rotation Î ΣM = 0
– Sum of Moments in all directions is ZERO!

8-4 From: Gabauer

 More Force Terminology
Center of Mass
– Gravity
• W = m*g
• G = 9.81
9 81 m/s2 = 32.2
32 2 ft/s2
– Body Force
• Ex: Gravity
y
– Surface Force
• Normal Force (N)
• Frictional
F i ti lFForce (f)

8-5 From: Gabauer

 2 1 Scalars & Vectors
2.1
• Scalar – a physical quantity that is
completely described by a real number
– E.g.
E g Time
Time, mass
• Vector – both magnitude (nonnegative real
number) & direction
– E.g. Position of a point in space relative to
another point
point, forces
– Represented by boldfaced letters: U , V , W , ...
– Magnitude
M t U= U
it d off vector
8-6 From: Katafygiotis
 2 1 Scalars & Vectors
2.1
– Graphical representation of vectors: arrows
• Di
Direction
ti off arrow = direction
di ti off vector
t
• Length of arrow
∝ magnitude
g of vector

• Example:
– rAB = position of point B relative
(a)
to point A
– Direction of rAB = direction from
point A to point B
(b) – |rAB| = distance between 2 points
8-7 From: Katafygiotis
 Vector Manipulation
• Components

A A
y
A = Ax i + Ayj
Ay
x
Ax

• Addition A+B = (Ax+Bx) i + (Ay+By)j

• Scalar cA = cAx i + cAyj

Multiplication
8-8 From: Gabauer
 Example Problem
• 2. A zoologist
g estimates that the jjaw of a p
predator is
subjected to a force P as large as 800 N. What forces
T and M must be exerted by the temporalis and
masseter muscles to support this value of P?

8-9 From: Gabauer

 Example
• The crate below has a weight of 50 kg. Draw a
free body diagram of the crate, the cord BD and
th ring
the i att B.
B

A
B ring C
45o

D
CRATE
8-10 From: Ekwue
 (a) Crate
FD ( force of cord acting on crate)

A
50 kg (wt. of crate)

B C
(b) Cord BD 45o
FB (force of ring acting on cord)

D
CRATE
FD (force of crate acting on cord)
8-11 From: Ekwue
 Solution Contd.

( ) Ri
(c) Ring
FA (Force of cord BA acting along ring)

FC ((force of cord BC acting

g on ring)
g)

FB (force of cord BD acting on ring)

8-12 From: Ekwue

 Supports
• When drawing free
body diagram…
– If you remove a
support, you must
replace it with
appropriate reaction
forces
– Think: What
movements does the
support restrict?

8-13 From: Gabauer

 Homework Problem 8
8.1
1
• 6. The moment exerted about p
point E by
y the weight
g is
299 lb-in. What moment does the weight exert about
point S?

8-14 From: Gabauer

 Homework Problem 8
8.2
2
• 7. The force F p points in the direction of the unit vector e
= 2/3i - 2/3j + 1/3k. The support at O will safely support
a moment of 560 N-m magnitude. Based on this
criterion what is the largest safe magnitude of F?
criterion,

8-15 From: Gabauer

 Homework Problem 8
8.3
3
• 8. The ironing
g board has supports
pp at A and B that can be
modeled as roller supports. Draw a free body diagram of
the ironing board and determine the reactions at A and
B.

8-16 From: Gabauer

 Homework Problem 8
8.4
4
• 9. The pperson doinggp
push-upsp ppauses in the p
position
shown. His mass is 80 kg. Assume that his weight, W,
acts at the point shown. The dimensions shown are a =
250 mm,
mm b = 740 mm mm, and c = 300 mm
mm. Find the normal
force exerted by the floor on each hand and each foot.

8-17 From: Gabauer

 Homework Problem 8
8.5
5
• Ap person exerts a 60-lb force F to p
push a crate onto a
truck. Express F in terms of components.

8-18 From: Gabauer