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    SPA6311 Physical Cosmology Lecture 1: Introduction and A Map of The Universe

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    This document outlines the first lecture of the SPA6311 Physical Cosmology course at Queen Mary University of London. It introduces the course syllabus, which will cover the size and structure of the observable universe, methods for measuring astronomical distances, the expansion of the universe, and the standard cosmological model. It also presents a logarithmic scale map of the universe ranging from Earth to the edge of the observable universe. Key topics to be discussed include the constituents and evolution of the universe across cosmic history according to our current cosmological understanding.

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    SPA6311 Physical Cosmology Lecture 1: Introduction and A Map of The Universe

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    This document outlines the first lecture of the SPA6311 Physical Cosmology course at Queen Mary University of London. It introduces the course syllabus, which will cover the size and structure of the observable universe, methods for measuring astronomical distances, the expansion of the universe, and the standard cosmological model. It also presents a logarithmic scale map of the universe ranging from Earth to the edge of the observable universe. Key topics to be discussed include the constituents and evolution of the universe across cosmic history according to our current cosmological understanding.

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    Lect 1 2016

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    lect1_2016

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    This document outlines the first lecture of the SPA6311 Physical Cosmology course at Queen Mary University of London. It introduces the course syllabus, which will cover the size and structure of the observable universe, methods for measuring astronomical distances, the expansion of the universe, and the standard cosmological model. It also presents a logarithmic scale map of the universe ranging from Earth to the edge of the observable universe. Key topics to be discussed include the constituents and evolution of the universe across cosmic history according to our current cosmological understanding.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views18 pages

    SPA6311 Physical Cosmology Lecture 1: Introduction and A Map of The Universe

    Uploaded by

    zcap excel
    This document outlines the first lecture of the SPA6311 Physical Cosmology course at Queen Mary University of London. It introduces the course syllabus, which will cover the size and structure of the observable universe, methods for measuring astronomical distances, the expansion of the universe, and the standard cosmological model. It also presents a logarithmic scale map of the universe ranging from Earth to the edge of the observable universe. Key topics to be discussed include the constituents and evolution of the universe across cosmic history according to our current cosmological understanding.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    SPA6311 Physical Cosmology

    Lecture 1: Introduction and a map of the universe

    K. A. Malik
    Astronomy Unit
    School of Physics and Astronomy
    Queen Mary, University of London

    QMUL

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 1 / 18


    Overview of today’s lecture

    1 General

    2 Syllabus

    3 A logarithmic map of the universe

    4 The cosmological standard model

    5 Definitions

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 2 / 18


    General

    Lecturer: Dr K. Malik
    Email: k.malik@qmul.ac.uk

    Lectures: Monday 1500-1600 EB1, Tuesday 1200-1400 EB1

    Exercise class: Thursday: Group A 1400-1500 E303, Group B 1500-1600 FB1

    Office hours: Tuesday 1430-1530 (GO Jones Building Room 510) or by


    arrangement (preferred . . . )

    Course web page:


    http://qmplus.qmul.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=3105

    Weekly exercise routine: Starting in week 3.

    Please hand in your work by Thursday afternoon 1600 (TBC). Please staple your
    hand-in and include your name and student number on each sheet handed in.

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 3 / 18


    General

    Attendance: The School will terminate college registration of students who fail
    to submit coursework and do not attend tutorials and lectures.

    Assessment:
    80% final examination
    20% for coursework

    Coursework sheets will be made available on the module website.

    Calculators: Only non-programmable calculators may be used in the final


    examination.

    Past exam papers as usual on line, exam roughly 75 % based on course work.

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 4 / 18


    Syllabus

    Provisional . . .

    The universe as we see it today, its size and structure. The constituents of
    the universe (galaxies and galaxy clusters, dark matter etc). Cosmic length
    and mass scales.
    Methods of measuring astronomical and cosmological distances: the cosmic
    distance ladder. Apparent and absolute magnitude and luminosity. Standard
    candles in cosmology, galactic velocities and redshifts.
    The expansion of the universe: the scale factor and Hubble’s law. Age and
    size of the Universe. Olbers’ Paradox. Newtonian derivation of the
    Friedmann equation and standard derivation of the governing equations.
    Main cosmological parameters: the Hubble parameter, the critical density,
    the mass-energy density, the deceleration parameter and the cosmological
    constant. Geometry of the universe, its evolution and fate.

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 5 / 18


    Syllabus

    The very early universe and the hot big bang. The cosmic microwave
    background. Physical phenomena in the very early universe. Inflation. Late
    time acceleration and dark energy.
    The formation of large scale structure in the universe. The gravitational
    instability, Jeans length, evolution of the density contrast in an expanding
    universe (Newtonian treatment).
    Outlook and recent developments.

    Books
    A. R. Liddle, An Introduction to Modern Cosmology, 2nd edition, Wiley

    Comments: The book covers the whole course and quite a lot of other material.
    There is also lots of material available on the web.

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 6 / 18


    Lecture “style”

    The rest of the lecture, after today, will make minimal use of slides:
    lecture written on white board,
    lecture notes will be made available on the module website the following
    week, probably handwritten.

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 7 / 18


    A logarithmic map of the universe

    A logarithmic map of the universe

    What does the universe look like? We need a map.

    Starting on earth’s surface and ending at the edge of the visible universe

    The map is enlarged on the following slides . . .


    note:
    I astronomical unit 1 AU= 1.5 1011 m
    I parsec 1pc= 3.1 1016 m
    See also website: http://www.astro.princeton.edu/universe/ (published in
    the Astrophysical Journal, Gott et al., 2005, ApJ, 624, 463)
    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 8 / 18
    A logarithmic map of the universe

    A logarithmic map of the universe: near earth

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 9 / 18


    A logarithmic map of the universe

    A logarithmic map of the universe: the solar system

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 10 / 18


    A logarithmic map of the universe

    A logarithmic map of the universe: the oort cloud

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 11 / 18


    A logarithmic map of the universe

    A logarithmic map of the universe: the galaxy

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 12 / 18


    A logarithmic map of the universe

    A logarithmic map of the universe: the local group

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 13 / 18


    A logarithmic map of the universe

    A logarithmic map of the universe: large scale structure

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 14 / 18


    A logarithmic map of the universe

    The evolution of the Universe

    The cosmological standard model: the evolution of the universe

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 15 / 18


    A logarithmic map of the universe

    The constituents of the universe

    The cosmological standard model:


    the constituents of the universe at
    different times.

    Image WMAP
    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 16 / 18
    A logarithmic map of the universe

    The evolution of the Universe

    What underlying theory or theories govern the evolution of the universe?

    on small scales Quantum Field Theory (sets the initial conditions)


    on large scales Einstein’s General Relativity

    However, “details” – what is the dark stuff, what are the initial conditions, etc. –
    still unclear: cosmology is a very active area of research!

    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 17 / 18


    A logarithmic map of the universe

    Finally, definitions of cosmology

    What does physical cosmology actually mean?


    According to Merriam-Webster (online):
    I Either a branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of the

    universe or a theory or doctrine describing the natural order of the


    universe;
    or a branch of astronomy that deals with the origin, structure, and
    space-time relationships of the universe; also : a theory dealing with
    these matters.
    I The origin of the word cosmology stems from New Latin cosmologia,

    from Greek kosmos + New Latin -logia -logy (kosmos is the ordered
    universe, as opposed to chaos).
    According to Wikipedia [05/01/2013]:
    “Cosmology is the study of the origins and eventual fate of the universe.
    Physical cosmology is the scholarly and scientific study of the origin,
    evolution, structure, and ultimate fate of the universe, as well as the natural
    laws that keep it in order.”
    K. Malik (QMUL) SPA6311 11.1.2016 18 / 18

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