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    SPA6311 Physical Cosmology, Spring 2017: Exercise Sheet 2 Dr. K. Malik

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    This document provides an exercise sheet for a physical cosmology course. It contains 4 questions related to concepts from lectures, such as the Friedmann equation, Hubble expansion, and solutions to the Friedmann equation for different cosmological models. Students are asked to show derivations and calculations related to these topics. Solutions are due the following week for grading.

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    SPA6311 Physical Cosmology, Spring 2017: Exercise Sheet 2 Dr. K. Malik

    Uploaded by

    zcap excel
    70 views2 pages
    This document provides an exercise sheet for a physical cosmology course. It contains 4 questions related to concepts from lectures, such as the Friedmann equation, Hubble expansion, and solutions to the Friedmann equation for different cosmological models. Students are asked to show derivations and calculations related to these topics. Solutions are due the following week for grading.

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    PC cw 02 (2017)

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    pc_2017_cw02

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    This document provides an exercise sheet for a physical cosmology course. It contains 4 questions related to concepts from lectures, such as the Friedmann equation, Hubble expansion, and solutions to the Friedmann equation for different cosmological models. Students are asked to show derivations and calculations related to these topics. Solutions are due the following week for grading.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views2 pages

    SPA6311 Physical Cosmology, Spring 2017: Exercise Sheet 2 Dr. K. Malik

    Uploaded by

    zcap excel
    This document provides an exercise sheet for a physical cosmology course. It contains 4 questions related to concepts from lectures, such as the Friedmann equation, Hubble expansion, and solutions to the Friedmann equation for different cosmological models. Students are asked to show derivations and calculations related to these topics. Solutions are due the following week for grading.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    SPA6311 Physical Cosmology, Spring 2017

    Exercise sheet 2 Dr. K. Malik

    These questions are designed to help you understand the material covered in the lectures.
    Exercise sheets will typically be made available online on Wednesday. Please hand the so-
    lutions in by the following week Thursday, 1400. Put your full name and student number
    on the top of your solutions.

    1. Show that the Friedmann equation can be written as


    k
    Ωtot + ΩΛ − 1 = ,
    a2 H 2
    where the variables have been defined in the lectures. [25 pts.]
    2. Suppose that, in addition to the Hubble expansion, the typical rms (“root mean
    squared”) peculiar velocity of galaxies is 600 km s−1 . Estimate the minimum distance
    at which a galaxy must be in order for the redshift to give an estimate of the true
    distance which is accurate to 10% or better. [25 pts.]
    3. In this question we use units where c = 1.
    For a general perfect fluid with equation of state
    P = wρ ,
    where w = const, calculate the time evolution of the scale factor a and the energy
    density ρ in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. The initial conditions are
    ρ(t0 ) = ρ0 and a(t0 ) = a0 . [20 pts.]

    4. In this question we use units where c = 1.


    Show that for an open universe (k < 0) containing only matter a solution to the
    Friedmann equation can be given in parametric form by
    4πGρ0
    a(ψ) = (cosh ψ − 1) ,
    3|k|
    4πGρ0
    t(ψ) = 3 (sinh ψ − ψ) .
    3|k| 2

    da dψ
    Hint: Recall that da
    dt
    = dψ dt
    da dt
    = dψ / dψ . Then evaluate the LHS and RHS of the Fried-
    mann equation separately and show they are the same.

    [20 pts.]
    Talking points:
    • What does matter domination actually mean?
    • What is a perfect fluid ?
    • What might be the physical origin of the cosmological constant?

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