NCC Q & Ans PDF

(QUESTION ANSWER FORMAT)
Question Answers-Abridged Version Cadet Hand Book-2006

Prologue
1. NCC is a youth empowerment establishment of national reckoning. Its working

ambit has its vibes felt across every nook and corner of the mother land. To facilitate its
proliferation by leaps and bounds, all concerned must contribute affirmatively to achieve
near perfection of its institutional training.
2. it’s with this aim in view, I felt strongly that till the NCC is strengthened at grass
root level the genuine enrichment of the organisation (that cares for the aspirations and
aims of youth of 21st millennium) will not be easy. It is generally felt that the Cadet Hand
Book-2006 (Common/Specialised subjects) with 600 odd pages is slightly heavy to be
popular amongst busy cadets. Therefore to prepare an abridged version of Cadet Hand
book-2006 (Common/Specialised subjects) in Question-Answer format of 150 pages is a
humble step in the target direction. It is not to be treated as replacement of Cadet Hand
Book but a supplement. Though adequate care has been exercised to address the busy
schedule of cadets but to achieve perfection is a perpetual venture at various stages of
enfoldment; which must go on.
3. As the general environment is aware of certain commerce minds everywhere,

therefore earliest the manuscript reaches every Directorate for further dissemination to
unit level, the better it is. Certain incentives as applicable for Cadets in various states
and auth of clo items may be customised to render it rather user friendly. It may be
placed on the available web sites in NCC (OTA, Dtes & Gps) for free downloading by
interested cadets.
4. I must place on record my innate gratitude to Col SS Saini my senior colleague,

Col SK Varni, Commander NCC Gp Ludhiana and Brig DC Katoch, VSM, DY DG NCC
Dte Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh & Chandigarh for their unstinted
encouragement to achieve the quiescent aim at micro level.
5. I dedicate this humble endeavour to NCC Cadets, the future of this grand nation.
(Avtar Singh)
Col
19 Punjab Bn NCC
Ludhiana
Mob-09417349477
20 Mar 2007
NB – Only for free issue to cadets of “National Cadet Corps” in digital form.
Compiled By 1 19 Punjab Bn NCC Ludhiana

INDEX
Ser Pages
Subject
No From To
Common Subjects 02 87
1. NCC 02 07
2. National Integration 08 18
3. Drill 19 21
4. Drill with Arms & Ceremonial Drill 22 23
5. Leadership 30 38
6. Civil Affairs & Disaster Management 39 53
7. Social Service 54 62
8. Hygiene and Sanitation 63 70
9. Adventure Activities 71 73
10. Environment and Ecology 74 78
11. Self Defence 79 82
12. Posture Training 83 87
Specialised Subjects 88 152
13. Armed Forces 88 91
14. Map Reading 92 102
15. Field Engineering 103 110
16. Field Craft and Battle Craft 111 125
17. Military History 126 126
18. Communication 127 137
19. Obstacle Trg 138 138
20. Home Nursing 139 148
21. Introduction to Infantry Weapons 149 152
Miscellaneous to include Auth of
Cadet Appointment, Refreshment items
22. for Cadets, ACR Calendar, Weapon & 153 155
Ammunition Scales and Annual range
course-NCC.

NCC
Section -1
Ques 1- What is NCC Motto?
Ans - Unity & Discipline.
Ques 2 – What are the aims of NCC?
Ans - (a) To develop character, comradeship, discipline, leadership, secular outlook,

spirit of adventure, sportsmanship and ideals of selfless service among the youth
of the country.
(b) To create a human resource of organized, trained and motivated youth, to
provide leadership in all walks of life and always be available for the service of
the nation.
(c) To provide a suitable environment to motivate the youth to take up a

career in the Armed Forces.
Section – 2
Ques 1 – What is the rank of DG NCC?
Ans – Lt General.
Ques 2 – What is the rank of Dy Director General of NCC Directorate?
Ans - Brigadier.
Ques 3 – How many Directorates are there in NCC?
Ans - 17.
Ques – 4 - What are the ranks of SD/SW ANOs?
Ans – Lt, Capt & Maj.
Ques – 5 - What are the ranks of JD/JW ANOs?
Ans - 3rd Officer, 2nd Officer, First Officer and Chief Officer.
Section – 3
Ques 1. Name various camps conducted in NCC?
Ans - Basically there are two types of camps as under : -

(a) Annual Training camps

(b) Centrally organised camps, which are a under: -
(i) Leadership camps – Advance & Basic leadership camps

(ii) Thal Sainik camps
(iii) Vayu Sainik Camps.
(iv) Rock climbing camps.
(v) National integration camps.
(vi) Republic day camp and Prime Minister’s rally.
Ques 2 - Name the social service and community development activities?
Ans – These are as under: -
(a) Tree Plantation.

(b) Blood Donation.
(c) Old Age Homes.
(d) Adult Education.
(e) Community work.
(f) Disaster relief.
(g) AIDs and Cancer awareness programmes.
Ques 3. What are the various eligibility conditions for certificate examination?
(a) ‘A’ Certificate

(i) The candidate must have attended a minimum of 75% of total
training periods laid down in the syllabus for the first and second
years of Junior Division/ Wing NCC (All Wings).
(ii) Must have attended one Annual Training Camp.
(b) ‘B’ Certificate
(i) The cadet must have attended a minimum of 75% of total training
period laid down in the syllabus for the first and second years for
Senior Division Wing NCC (All Wings).
(ii) Must have attended one Annual Training Camp/NIC.
(iii) Cadets possessing ‘A’ certificate will be awarded 10 bonus marks.
(iv) An Air Wing Cadet must do a minimum of 10 Glide Launches.
(c) ‘C’ Certificate
(i) The candidate must be in possession of Certificate ‘B’.

(ii) The cadet must be in third year of SD/SW NCC Training.
(iii) The cadet must have attended a minimum of 75% of the

periods of 3rd year syllabus during the academic session.
(iv) Must have attended Two ATCs or one ATC and in addition
one of the following:-
(aa) RD Camp at Delhi (RDC).
(ab) Centrally Organised Camp (COC).
(ac) Para Training Camp (PTC).
(ad) National Integration Camp (NIC) (when applicable for

SD/SW Cadets).
(ae) All India Trekking Expedition (DG NCC organised).
(af) All India Mountaineering Expedition (DG NCC organised).
(ag) Attachment Training with Service units.
(ah) Any one of the Adventure Courses approved by DG

NCC.
(aj) Sailing Expedition , with actual sailing exceeding 10

days, duly approved by DG NCC.
(ak) Any cadet participating in National Rifle Association of

India (NRAI) matches as part of DG NCC team.
(al) Special Services Camps (essentially with 50% Service

training).
(am) Successfully done Scuba Diving Course.
(an) Youth Exchange Programme.
(ao) Foreign cruise (Navy).
Ques 4. – How is the grading awarded in NCC?
Ans - A cadet has to obtain 45% marks in each paper and 50% marks in the
aggregate to pass the examinations. Grading based on total marks obtained will
be awarded as follows:-
(a) Grading `A’ - Cadets obtaining 80% marks or above.

(b) Grading `B’ - Cadets obtaining 65% marks and above but below 80%.
(c) Grading `C’ - Cadets obtaining 50% marks and above but below 65%.
(d) Fail - Cadets obtaining less than 45% in any paper or less
than 50% of the aggregate.
Ques 5. Name the retention clothing items and scales of authorisation?
Ans - Authorisation of retention clothing for army boys/Girls is tabulated as under: -
Ser Life in Qty Auth per Qty to be retained

Item Remarks
No Months Cdt JD/ JW SD/ SW
Shirt PWPC Khaki
1. 72 02 Prs 02 Prs 02 Prs All wings
Boys/Girls)
Trouser PWPC Khaki All wings (less JD
2. 72 02 Prs 02 Prs JW 02 Prs
(Boys/Girls) boys)
02 per JD & 02 per JD 01 Pr SD
3. Short PWPC Khaki 72 -
one per SD Army Army
02 per Army Girls Wing
4. Salwar/ Kamiz white 48 02 Pr JW 02 Pr SW
JW/SW only
5. Beret/ Pagree DG 72/24 01 per Cdt 01 per Cdt 01 per Cdt All wings
7. Socks Nylon NTP Black 15 02 per Cdts 02 Prs 02 Prs
1 Pr per 01 pr per,
Shoe Black leather Army JD/JW
8. 30 Army JD & Army JD & -
Derby DMS
Girls JW Girls JW
01 pr per 1 pr per
Shoe Ankle Leather
9. 54 Army - Army -
DVS
SD/SW Cdts SD/SW Cdts
01 pr per 01 Pr One pr for Army,
Shoe canvas 01 Pr per
10. 12 Girl /Army 01 pr per Girls for entire pd
white/Brown SD/ SW
Cdt JD/JW Cdt of 2/3 yrs.
Note-It must be amended by various Dtes as applicable considering the geographical jurisdiction.
Ques 6. Write the full version of NCC song?
Ans -
NCC Song
Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain, Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain.

Apni Manzil Ek Hai, Ha, Ha, Ha, Ek Hai, Ho, Ho, Ho, Ek Hai
Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain
Kashmir Ki Dharti Rani Hai,

Sartaj Himalaya Hai,
Sadiyon Se Hamne Isko Apne Khoon Se Pala Hai

Desh Ki Raksha Ki Khatir, Hum Shamshir Utha Lenge,
Hum Shamshir Utha Lenga.

Bikhere-Bikhere Tarey Hain Hum Lekin Jhilmil Ek Hai
Ha, Ha, Ha, Ek Hain
Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain,
Mandir Gurdware Bhi Hain Yahan

Aur Masjid Bhi Hai Yahan,
Girja Ka Hai Ghadiyal Kahin
Mullah Ki Kahin Hai Ajaan.
Ek Hi Apna Ram Hai, Ek Hi Allah Taala Hai,

Ek Hi Allah Taala Hai, Rang Birange Deepak Hai Hum,
Lekin Jagmag Ek Hai Ha, Ha, Ek Hai, Ho Ho, Ho, Ek Hai.
Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain, Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain.
Section – 5
Ques 1 – List out various incentives for NCC cadets by centre and state Govts?
A. Concession in employment: -
(a) Vacancies reserved for Army 64 per year- Indian Military

commission in Defence Forces Academy (IMA), Dehradun through
for NCC `C’ Certificate UPSC and Service Selection Board
(SSB) Interview.
100 per year - in Officers Training
Academy (OTA), Chennai for Short Service
Commission Non Technical No UPSC
Exam, only SSB.
Navy -6 per Course. No UPSC Exam,
Only Naval SSB.
IAF – 10 % in all courses including
Flying Training courses. No UPSC
Exam only Air Force SSB.
(b) For ORs, Sailors, Airmen 5 to 10% bonus marks awarded for
recruitment.
(c) Para Military Forces 2 to 10 bonus marks awarded for

recruitment.
(d) Department of Bonus marks awarded for recruitment.
Telecommunication
(e) CRPF NCC Cadets holding third division
degree eligible for recruitment to
gazetted post.
(f) National Cadet Corps Civilian Gliding Instructors/Girl Cadet
Instructors and NCC WTLOs.
(g) State Governments Preference in State Services in certain
States.
(h) Industry Some Industries give preference to
NCC ‘C’ Certificate holders for various
jobs.
B. Concessions by Haryana, HP and Punjab Govt are as under: -

Note-It must be amended by various Dtes as applicable in respective states/UTs.
Haryana Preference for recruitment in Home

Guard Deptt and State Police Force.
Preference for recruitment to State
Police Force.
HP Weight age for admission to
various courses of study in
Himachal Pradesh University
Weightage of marks given for
Punjab admission in various courses in
State Govt Polytechnics,
Colleges and Universities.
Ques 2. What are the aims and financial assistance provided by cadet welfare society?
Ans - A. Aims of the Society. The present aims of Cadets Welfare Society are:-
(a) To give financial assistance to cadets NOK/nominee in case of a demise
during NCC activity.
(b) To give financial relief to cadets on sustaining injury / disability during NCC
activity.
(c) To grant scholarships to academically brilliant students.
(d) To grant Best and 2nd Best Cadet awards at Group level.
(e) To conduct sports and adventure activities which cannot be funded by

Public Funds.
B. Financial Assistance/Relief. The Society is granting financial assistance

and relief, as under, to cadets who sustain injury or death during NCC related
activity as well as for sports and adventure activities.

Temporary
NCC Related Permanent
Death Cases Disability
Activities Disability
High Risk Rs.2,00,000/- Upto Rs. 2,00,000/ Upto Rs.1,00,000/
Other Activities Rs.1,50,000/- Upto Rs. 1,50,000/ Upto Rs.1,00,000/
Ques 3. List out various scholarship schemes available for NCC cadets?
Ans - A. Scholarships. A scholarship scheme was introduced in 1991 where 250

scholarships of Rs.2,000/- each were awarded to academically brilliant NCC cadets. The
scheme in its present form awards Rs.5,000/- each which are distributed amongst
the 17 Dtes based on their enrolled strength of cadets.
B. Best Cadet Awards. Best Cadet Cash Awards are given to two cadets
from each category i.e. JD, JW, SD, SW in every Group HQ with Rs 3,000/- to
each Best Cadet and Rs. 2,000/- to each 2nd Best Cadet. A total of 760 cash
awards are given every year.
C. Sahara Scholarships.
(a) In 2002 the Sahara Group introduced an Annual Sahara

Scholarship Scheme with a corpus fund of Rs 3 Crores. Rs 1 Crores is to
be given annually as scholarships to academically brilliant cadets.
(b) A total of 1016 scholarships with the following breakdown are
given as follows:-
No. of vacancies Amount per
Category Total
per Group HQ Scholarship
JD 3 285 Rs 6,000/-
JW 3 285 Rs 6,000/-
SD 2 190 Rs 12,000/-
SW 2 190 Rs 12,000/-
A total of 66
Professional 66 Rs 30,000/-
Scholarships.
Total 1016

CHAPTER II
NATIONAL INTEGRATION
SECTION 1- INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE
Ques 1. – List out the important periods of Indian History?
Ans - Relevant details are as under: -
(a) Harappan Culture – First urban culture to flourish in India.
(b) Vedic age – It was the result of the inter- mixing of the Indo - Aryans with
the pre-existing inhabitants of India.
(c) Jainism & Buddhism - 6th century BC to 200 BC. Both religions had
lasting impact on life and culture of India.
(d) Period from 200 BC to 300 AD – This phase is extremely important since
the changes that took place in economic and political life, and significant
developments in various aspects of culture including religion, art and
science and technology.
(e) 4th AD to 8th century - Classical age of Indian civilization - The Guptas
built a large kingdom during this period which remained powerful for about a
century. In the Deccan and the South, there were two major Kingdoms
during this period of the Pallavas and of the Chalukyas. Some of the finest
achievements in various fields of culture-art, architecture, literature,
philosophy, science, technology can, however, be dated to this period.
(f) In spite of the dominant position of Sanskrit in most part of the country. This
period marks the beginning of many modern Indian languages as well as
distinct scripts in different parts of the country. The period is also important
for some of the most significant advances in science and technology. Most
of the major works in astronomy, mathematics and medicine belong to this
period.
(g) The medieval period – 8th to 17th century – Creation of large number of
states, Induction of Islam, emergence of Brahmini & Vijaynagram kingdoms
in south, Establishment of Sultanate of Delhi, unification of North and South
under Mughals like Ashoka earlier, Akbar, the greatest of the Mughal
emperors, followed a policy of ‘sulk- kul’ (peace with all).
(h) The modern period - 18th century saw decline of Mughals and colonisation
by British began. Freedom struggle, partition and independence of India are
important events of this period.

Ques 2 Why 4th to 8th century called classical age of Indian civilisation?
Ans - It is due to the following : -
(a) Guptas remained powerful for almost for one century.
(b) Pallavas and chaulukyas were major kingdoms of Deccan and south.
(c) Some of the finest achievements in various fields of culture-art,

architecture, literature, philosophy, science, technology are dated to this
period.
(d) Decline of Buddhism and rise of Brahminical religion.
(e) Sanskrit was language of court in major parts of the country and beginning
of many modern Indian languages.
(f) The period is also important for some of the most significant advances in
science and technology. Most of the major works in astronomy,
mathematics and medicine belong to this period.
Ques 3. What are various dimensions of Indian culture?
Ans - Various different races have been coming to India and on entering India; they had
conflicts with the local inhabitants. These conflicts affected their respective cultures and
through the process of assimilation and synthesis, Indian culture grew all the richer.
Various races which came to India are as under ; -
(a) Negrito Race.

(b) Dravidians.
(c) Aryans.
(d) Muslims.
(e) British.
(f) The present form of administration in India is the outcome of the great
influence of the British ideology. The present economic organization, joint
stock companies, managing agencies, big factories, production through
machines, railways, telegraphs, telephone, aeroplanes and other means of
conveyance and communication were brought to India from the west.
SECTION 2- RELIGIONS AND CUSTOMS OF INDIA
Ques 1 – What are the major Indian religions and percentage of population?
Ans - (a) Hindus - 83.5 %
(b) Muslims - 10.7 %
(c ) Christians - 2.44 %

(d) Sikhs - 1.79 %
(e) Buddhists - 0.74 %
(f) Jains - 0.46 %
(g) Others - 0.37 %
Ques 2. The customs of India depict very colourful panorama. What are your
comments?
Ans – It is due to the following: -
(a) India is a multiracial, multilingual civilization with rich cultural heritage and
has provided peaceful atmosphere for the development of many religions. Indian
culture and customs are influenced by these religions.
(b) Indian festivals are famous the world over. Most of the festivals are related
to the change of weather and crop harvesting since India is an agro based
economy. The most famous Indian festivals are Diwali, Holi, Dussehra and
Basant Panchami. There are certain festivals which are prevalent in particular
regions only like Bihu in Assam, Baishakhi in Punjab etc.
(c) There are different customs of Hindu marriage as compared to a Muslim

marriage or a Sikh marriage. Similarly there are different customs of celebrations.
There are certain religious customs which pertain to particular religion only like
Mundan ceremony in Hindus and Naming ceremony in Sikhs.
(d) There are certain customs regarding dresses and ornaments of women.
These are associated with particular regions which give a very colourful
dimension to Indian customs and traditions, similarly all regions have their
distinctive ornaments.
(e) The customs and traditions of India though varied are binding which
ultimately serves as a unifying factor of Secular India.
SECTION 3- UNITY IN DIVERSITY
Ques 1 –What is the importance of national unity?
Ans - National unity is also essential for social wellbeing, peace and harmony. People
can enjoy peace and security, if there is a mutual trust and goodwill among all sections
of society. No progress can be made in the field of art & literature, science & cultural
advancement and economic well–being, if the disruptive tendencies and divisive forces
are present in the country. Nation can play an effective role in the international field if
our own house in order.
Ques 2 - What are the fundamentals of national unity?

Ans - These are as under : -
(a) Language.
(b) Casteism.
(c) Education.
(d) Communalism.
(e) Regionalism.
Ques 2 - What is the relevance of NCC in unifying India and what are the important
ingredients of national unity?
Ans - NCC creates awareness amongst youth about the diverse heritage of our country
and fosters national integration despite linguistic, cultural, religious and geographical
barriers. It helps cadets to gain experience to live together, co-operate with each other
and work in harmony amongst cadets of various states, thus strengthening unity.
Important ingredients of national unity are as under: -
(a) Ethics and social values.

(b) Cultural and traditional values.
(c) Discipline and patriotism.
SECTION 4- NATIONAL INTEGRATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE
Ques 1. Define national integration.
Ans - National integration is a positive concept to inculcate feeling of togetherness

amongst diverse sections of society. It is not the uniformity of all religions, dress and
food habits etc. It means both preservation of diverse cultures and at the same time
living, respecting and working in harmony with each other for the overall prosperity of
the nation.
Ques 2 – Why national integration important for progress of any nation?
Ans – It is important for the following: -
(a) Maintenance of sovereignty and territorial integrity of the nation.

(b) Maintenance of peace and harmony.
(c ) Growth and development of the nation.
(d) Eradication of poverty and illiteracy.
(e) Internal security and law and order.
(f) Culture and religious development.
(g) Economic and industrial growth.
(h) Attract foreign investment and increase import and export.
(j) Exchange of technological know-how and culture .
(k) Dignity and self respect as a nation.
(l) Welfare and well-being of the people.
(m) Foreign relations and better standing among the nations of the world.
SECTION 5- FAMOUS LEADERS OF INDIA

(Only for JD/JW Cadets)
Ques 1 – Mahatma Gandhi, Bhagat Singh, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Chander Shekhar
Azad, Subash Chandra Bose, Swami Vivekanand , Jawaharlal Nehru , Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad and Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel.
Ans – Study the Precis for complete details
SECTION 6- INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS

Ques 1 – What are the favourable points in the developing Indo-China relations?
(a) Neighbours and huge human infrastructure.

(b) Age old religious & cultural ties with regular exchange of delegations.
(c) Agriculture with strong industrial base.
(d) Fastest growing economies.
(e) Opening of trade routes.
(f) Nuclear power and emerging space technology.
(g) Growing relations in the fields of culture, education, economy, science and
Technology.
(h) Perpetual friendship treaty of Pachsheel based on five principles of peace.
Ques No 2 – What are the hurdles in the Indo-china relations?
(a) Difference of ideology i.e. Democracy vs Communism.

(b) Persisting border dispute.
(c) Chinese war of 1962.
(d) Suppression of Tibetan freedom.
(e) Increasing nuclear capability and weapons of mass destruction by China.
(f) Helping Pakistan militarily.
Ques 3 – What are the favourable points in the Indo-Nepal relations?
(a) Historical cultural and religious ties.

(b) Increasing co-operation in the fields of Agriculture, Agro-based industries,
tourism, processing of cash crops, science and technology.
(c) Establishment of industrial units with the help of India.

(d) Construction of Devighat Hydro-electric Project in Nepal during 1985.
Ques 4 – What are the favourable points in the Indo-Bhutan relations?
(a) Ties of religion, culture and friendship between people of both countries.
(b) India is responsible for security and communication in Bhutan.
(c) Development of education, technical skills and economy of Bhutan.
(d) Continuous economic, industrial and military aid to Bhutan.
Ques 5 – What are the favourable points in the Indo-Myanmar relations?
(a) Strong cultural and ties since time immemorial.

(b) Common border and perpetual security problems.
(c) Both countries agreed to check drug trafficking and unlawful activities on
the borders.
(d) Regular exchange between the dignitaries of both nations to resolve
problems of mutual interest.
Ques 6 – What are the hurdles in the Indo-Myanmar relations?
(a) Military rule and constant suppression of democracy in Myanmar.

(b) Dismal poverty & stoppage of international aid.
(c) Many NE insurgent groups operate from Myanmar.
(d) Porous border is conduit for supply of drugs to India.
Ques 7 – What are the favourable points in the Indo-Bangladesh relations?
(a) India helped Bangladesh to achieve independence.

(b) Financial and technical assistance for development programmes in
Bangladesh.
(c) Indian Army helped people of Bangladesh in their genuine struggle against
oppression and domination by West Pakistan.
Ques 8 – What are the hurdles in the Indo-Bangladesh relations?
(a) Influx of immigration of Bangladeshis into India.

(b) Shelter to NE insurgent groups in Bangladesh.
(c) Poor, over-populated and ill-governed nation.
(d) Increasing influence of fundamentalists in society.

(e) Increase in Al-Qaeda and ISI backed groups.
Ques 9 – What are the favourable points in the Indo-Sri Lankan relations?

(a) Age old cultural and religious ties.
(b) Constant co-operation in the spheres of economic, peace and friendship.
(c) Being close maritime neighbour it is in India’s interest that political and
social stability returns to Sri Lanka.
Ques 10 – What are the hurdles in the Indo-Pakistan relations?
(a) Constant tension & strained relations after partition leading to four wars of
1949, 1965, 1971 and kargil war of 1999.
(b) Raising Kashmir bogey in international fora repeatedly.
(c) Fomenting trouble in India in various forms.
(d) Supporting militant groups from its soil against India.
(e) Suppression of democracy and military rule in Pakistan.
Ques 11 – What are the favourable points in the Indo-Pakistan relations?
(a) Same heritage, culture and ancestry.

(b) Common food habits, strengths and concerns of populace.
(c) Shared water resources.
(d) Increasing people to people contacts.
(e) Increasing confidence building measures.
(f) Disenchantment of common people with the military and fundamentalists
groups.
SECTION 7- CONTRIBUTION OF YOUTH FOR NATION BUILDING
Ques 1 – Define role of youth in nation building?
Ans - Youth is the backbone, hope of the future, potent tools of national integration and
reckonable force to shape the destiny of the nation. The youth can play a leading role
in bringing together the people of different states and religions with a view to
integrating them emotionally, culturally and geographically.
Ques 2 – How can youth contribute individually for nation building?
Ans - (a) Be good human being by imbibing Oriental value system.
(b) Help the friends & colleagues from unprivileged section of society.

(c) Improve personal talent, innovate and enhance your usefulness for
society and Nation.
(d) Discourage corruption in every form and manifestation in society.
(e) Participate in sports, yoga and improve personal health.
(f) Use national/natural resources like, energy in all forms,

communication spectrum, water resources etc with due austerity
and discourage its misuse by others.
(g) Develop secular outlook and tolerance for all sections of society.
(h) Extend willing help to civil administration during natural and man
made disasters.
(i) Learn healthy politics during college days.
Ques 3. Youth can contribute for nation building at personal level by saying ‘no’ to
what all social evils?
Ans - (a) Drugs
(b) Dowry
(c) Illicit sexual relations
(d) Antisocial activities in thought and action.
(e) Exploitation of underprivileged in society.
(f) Use of child labour
(g) Unfair means during exams.
(h) Accepting and offering bride in all forms
Ques 4 - Youth can contribute for nation building at personal level by saying ‘yes’ to
which all good personal habits?
Ans - (a) Avoid rash driving.
(b) Carry driving license and helmet always.
(c) Follow road etiquettes and road safety norms explicitly.
(d) Don’t use mob while driving and no over speeding.
(e) Extend willing help during natural and man made disasters.

(f) Organise traffic control during accidents.
(g) Plant trees on special occasions like birth of daughter, birthday of

other Nears and Dears, anniversaries etc and prevent extravaganza by all
means.
(j) Help and look after aging parents
(k) Groom & nurture your children so that they become responsible
citizens of the nation.
(l) As responsible citizens, employees, entrepreneurs & Govt servants,

ensure punctuality, excellence, simple living and high thinking.
(m) Help your colleagues from under privileged section of society.
SECTION 8- NATION STATE, NATIONAL INTEREST AND OBJECTIVE

(Only for SD/SW Cadets)
Ques 1 - Define nation state.
Ans - Nation State can be defined as a country which has ‘essential elements’ of
population, territory, sovereignty and Government.
Ques 2. What are the national interests of a Nation?
Ans - National interests are as under:-
(a) Sovereignty. Foremost interest of the nation is to be autonomous

and remain independent.
(b) Integrity. The nation should be full, indivisible and have a well-defined
territory.
(c) Unity. The nation should be a secular union of states with political
power belonging to a central confederate authority, with united and undivided
goals without factional , sectarian or fanatical prejudices. It should be tolerant
towards caste, colour, creed, religion and language of each other.
(d) Security. The nation must ensure safety, territorial integrity and
protection of the state against external threat or subversion.
Ques 3. What are the important Directive principles of state Policy?
Ans (a) To ensure and protect a social order which stands for the welfare of
the people.

(b) Separation of judiciary from the executive.
(c) Protection of national monuments.
(e) Protection and improvement in environment, forests and wild life.
(f) Organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines.
(g) Improvement of public health.
(h) Prohibition of intoxicating drinks and drugs.
(j) Promotion of educational and economic interests of weaker sections of
the people.
(k) To have uniform code of law irrespective of caste, creed, colour or religion.
(l) Participation of workers and labourers in labour law.
(m) Promotion of cottage industries.
(n) Provision of maternity relief.
(o) Education to all.
(p) Equal justice to all.
(q) Equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
(r) Adequate means of livelihood to all citizens.
Ques 4. What are the current objectives of India?
Ans - (a) Self sufficiency in nuclear- power.
(b) Availability of reliable power supply for farming and industries.
(c) Production of goods for world markets.
(d) Balancing growth in both public and private sector.
(e) Modernization of villages, linking with roads and provision of

electricity to all villages.

CHAPTER-III
DRILL
Ques 1 – What is the aim of Drill?
Ans - (a) To inculcate a sense of discipline,

(b) Improve bearing, smartness in appearance and turn out,
(c) Create self confidence and
(d) To develop the quality of immediate and implicit obedience to orders.
Ques 2 – Word of command ke kitne bhag hote hain?
Ans - (a) Cautionary.
(b) Executive.
Ques 3 - What are the points to be checked in Savdhan?
Ans (a) Heels together and in line, feet turned out equally forming an angle of 30
degrees, knees straight without stiffness, hips level and drawn back slightly, body
erect and resting equally on hips, chest lifted and arched shoulders square, falling
equally and neck filling the collar.
(b) Arms hanging straight down without stiffness so that the thumbs are
immediately behind the seams of the trouser, back of the hand outwards, hands
closed (not clenched) and thumbs straight to the front.
(c) Head erect and square to the front, chin vertical and eyes straight to the
front.
(d) Weight of the body resting equally on the heels and the toe of the feet.
(e) Bring heels together with extreme sharpness by lifting the left foot six
inches from the ground and placing it flat and very firm besides the right, avoid
stamping of foot.
Ques 4 – Dehne Mur kitne degree ka hota hai aur ki paon par word of command idya
jaata hai?
Ans – 90o degree aur bayen paon par.
Ques 5 – Peechhe Mur kitne degree ka hota hai aur ki paon par word of command idya
jaata hai?
Ans – 180o degree aur bayen paon par.

Ques 6 – Bayen Mur kitne degree ka hota hai aur ki paon par word of command idya
jaata hai?
Ans – 90o degree aur dehne paon par.
Ques 7 – Squad ko kadd war karne ke liye karwai likho?
Ans – (a) Squad ek line mein.

(b) Squad ek do ki ginti karo.
(c) Ek number ek kadam aage aur do number ek kadam peechhe chal.
(d) Ek number dehne aur do number bayen mur.
(e) Dehna cadet khara rahey baaki teen line banaao, tez chal.
Ques 8 – Khuli line chal mein word of command kiya hoga?
Ans – Khuli line chal.
Ques 9 – Dressing ka word of command likho?
Ans – Sajj dehne sajj.
Ques 10 – Salute kitne parkar ke hain?
Ans – Teen parkar ke:
(a) Saamne ka
(b) Dehne ka
(c) Bayen ka
Ques 11 – Saamne ka salute kis paon par diya jaata hai?
Ans – Bayen par.
Ques 12 – Dehne ka salute kis paon par diya jaata hai?
Ans – Bayen par.
Ques 13 – Saamne ka salute kis paon par diya jaata hai?
Ans – Bayen par.
Ques 14 – Word of command “Parade par” milte hee squad kitne kadam ke baad thamm
karta hai?
Ans – 15 Kadam par.
Ques 15 – Visarjan mein first turn kis taraf karte hain?
Ans – Dehne taraf.

Ques 16 – Normal march karte waqt ek minute mein kitne kadam hote hai?
Ans – 120 Kadam.

Ques 17 – Slow march karte waqt ek minute mein kitne kadam hote hai?
Ans – 70 Kadam.
Ques 18 – Word of command “Tez Chal” mein pehla kadam kitne inch ka hota hai?
Ans – 30 inch ka.
Ques 19 – Squad ko dehne ya bayen baaju karne ke liye word of command kiya hoga?
Ans – (a) Squad dehne baaju chal

(b) Squad bayen baaju chal.
(c) Squad aage chal.
(d) Squad peechhe chal
Ques 20 – Dehne, bayen, asage aut peechhe chal mein jiayada se jiayada kitne kadam
hote hai?
Ans – Teen.
Ques 21 – Squad dehne ya bayen baaju chal mein side step kitne inch ka hoga?
Ans – 12 inch ka.
Ques 22 – Kadam taal kis liye karvaya jaata hai?
Ans – (a) Warm up karne ke liye

(b) Kadam milane ke liye.
Ques 23 – Tej chaal mein kadam taal kis paon par bolte hain?
Ans – Baeyen paon par.
Ques 24 – Kaun kaun salute adhikari hote hain?
Ans – Nb Subedar aur uske upar sabhi adhikari.
--xx--

CHAPTER-III (A)
DRILL WITH ARMS & CEREMONIAL DRILL

(Only for SD/SW Cadets)
Ques 1 – Savdhan position mein rifle kis hath mein hoti hai?
Ans - Dehna Hath.
Ques 2 - Aaram se position mein rifle kahan hoti hai?
Ans – Rifle ka butt dehne paon ke sath aur rifle aage ki taraf jhuki hui.
Ques 3 – Rifle ko tol sashar mein kab kiya jaata hai?
Ans - Sameekhsha karam mein chalte waqat.
Ques 4 – Bhumi sashtra mein rifle ka barrel kis disha mein hota hai?
Ans - Aage ki taraf.
Ques 5 - Bhumi sashtra meion rifle ka magazine kis disha mein hota hai?
Ans - Dehne taraf.
Ques 6 - Bagal sashtra ke hukam par kia karwai hoti?
Ans - Dehne haath se rifle ko upar uchhalo, baen haath se fore hand guard, Dehne
haath se piston grip pakro. Rifle 900 angle par body ke saath lagaen, dehne haath se
mazboot pakro, baey haath ko savdhan position men lao.
Ques 7 - Baazu sashtra mein rifle kahan hoti hai?
Ans - Rifle neeche, butt dehen toe ke sath aur 900 par hoti hai.
Ques 8 - salami sashtra kin kin ranks ko laagu hota hai?
Ans - Major aur upar ke ranks ko.
Ques 9 - National salute kis ko laagu hota hai?
Ans - President and Governers of states.
Ques 10 – General salute kis ko laagu hai?

Ans - Major General and above.
Ques 11- Guard of honour kis kis ko laagu hota hai?
Ans - Senior Division Units may provide guards of honour to the following:-
(a) The president, Vice President and the Prime Minister.
(b) The Governors of states and Lt Governor/Chief commissioners of
Union Territories.
(c) The Defence Minister / Minister in the Ministry of Defence / Deputy
Defence Minister.
(d) The Chief Minister of State.
(e) The Chief of Army /Naval /Air Staff.
(f) The Defence Secretary.
(g) The General Officer commanding-in-Chief of the command in which
the Unit is located (Army Wing Units only).
(h) The Flag officer Commanding-in-chief within their Commands (Naval
wing units only).
(j) The Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, within their commands (Air Wing
Units only).
(k) The Vice chief of Army/Naval/Air Staff.
(l) The Dignitaries addressing the convocation of a University.
(m) Chancellor of a University (where Governor of the State is not the
Chancellor).
(n) Pro-Chancellor/Vice Chancellor of a University when attending important
university functions as Chief guest in their University.
(o) Director General NCC.
Ques 12 - Gaud of honour ki nafri likho?
Ans - The strength of the Guard of Honour will be as follow:-
(a) 150 rank and file for the President (will be formed up in 3 equal
division).
(b) 100 rank and file for the Vice President and Prime Minister (will be
formed up in two equal division).
--xx--

CHAPTER-IV
WEAPON TRAINING
SECTION-1
CHARACTERISTICS OF .22 RIFLE , STRIPPING, ASSEMBLING,

CARE AND CLEANING AND SIGHT SETTING
Ques 1 – What are the major characteristics of Rif .22 No MK-II, MK IV and Deluxe BA?
Ans - The major characteristics of Rifle .22 No MK-II, MK IV and Deluxe BA are :-
Ser Details Rifle .22 No II MK IV Rifle .22 Deluxe BA

No BA
(a) Length 45” 43”
(b) Weight 8 Lbs 10 ½ OZ 6 LBs 2 OZ
(c) Magzine Capacity 10 Rounds 05 Rounds
(d) Muzzle Velocity 2700 per sce 2700 per sec
(e) Grooves in the 06 06
barrel
(f) Effective Range 25 yds 25 yds
(g) Max Range 1700 yds at 33 angle 1700 yds at 33 angle
(h) Calibre .22 .22
(j) Ammunition .22 .22
(k) Rate of fire :-
(i) Normal 05 Rds pm 05 Rds pm
(ii) Rapid 10-15 Rds pm 10-15 Rds pm
Ques 2 - What points must be kept in mind while assembling Rif .22?
Ans - (a) Bolt head to be fully tight.

(b) Bolt head and guide rib as well as cocking piece and steel lug to be in a
line.
(c) Number of the bolt should tally with that of the rifle.
(d) Safety catch should be applied.
SECTION-2
LOADING, COCKING AND UNLOADING
Ques 1 – What is the drill for loading and unloading in the lying position for Rif .22?

Ans - (a) To lie down, take a long pace forward with the left foot and at the same
time pass the rifle into left hand, grasping it at the point of balance. Place the right
hand on to the ground in line with the left foot. During this movement push the
rifle forward and lower to the ground. The left arm will now be extended to the
front. The legs will be well apart. Now load the rifle as taught.
(b) Unload the rifle without further orders. Place the right hand on the ground
below the right shoulder. Draw up the left hand. Stand up as quickly as possible.
SECTION-3
LYING POSITION AND HOLD
Ques 1 – What are the three basic essentials of good shooting?
Ans - (a) Position must be comfortable and hold so firm that the rifles gains a rock
like steadiness.
(b) The firer must aim correctly.
(c) The trigger be pressed in such a way that aim is not disturbed.
Ques 2 – What are the characteristics of good lying position?
Ans (a) Legs opened wide apart and body slanting to the left from the line of the
target.
(b) Formation of the two triangles:-
(i) Horizontal triangle formed by the three points where the chest
leaves the ground, the left elbow and the right elbow. (Fig 1)
(ii) Vertical triangle as viewed form the front of firer the two of its sides
are formed by the forearms, the base being the ground between elbows.
In addition as a quick check, the shoulders should be level (Fig-2)
SECTION 4
AIMING I - RANGE AND TARGETS

Ques 1 – Define laws of aiming?
Ans - (a) Focus the target so that a clear picture is formed on the retina of the eye
and get the true centre of the target. Then with the eye focus to the foresight.
(b) Hold the rifle properly as has already been taught and keep it upright.
(c) Close the left eye and focus the foresight.

(d) See the foresight through the black sight ‘U’. The foresight should be seen
right in the centre of the U. The tip of the foresight must be aligned in the centre
and in level with the shoulder of the U.
Ques 2 – What are the targets used for firing with Rif .22?
Ans (a) For application firing 1’ x 1’ target is used. The aim is to be taken at the
bull which is the black, centre most circle.
(b) For grouping, 1’ x 1’ target with a white patch in the centre of the bull is
used.
(c) For rapid firing, 6 inches figure target is used. The aim is taken at the
centre of the figure.
SECTION-5
TRIGGER CONTROL AND FIRING A SHOT
Ques 1 – What are essentials of good shooting?
Ans -(a) Determination. Accurate shooting is never achieved without

concentration, each time a shot is fired the firer must be fully determined
that it is going to be perfect one.
(b) Turning the Shot. From the time correct holding is achieved, more
than five seconds should not be taken to fire a shot. Dwelling on the aim
cause the eye and muscles to tire and results in bad shooting.
(c) Action on Range Being Ordered. When the ‘range’ is given the
firer should adjust his sights and await for indication of the target.
Ques 2 – What is the sequence of action while firing a shot?
Ans - (a) Aiming Position. On taking the aim, the firer must take the first
pressure.
(b) Breathing. Just before taking an aim, breathing must be gently

restrained. It is important to coordinate so that when the foresight
comes to the point of aim, the breath is partially exhaled.
(c) Firing. Immediately on ‘correct aim’ the second pressure will

be taken and shot fired. For a second or two after firing, there should be
no relaxation of the hold or movement of trigger finger or head.
(d) Follow Through. The hold and aim must be maintained until the
bullet has left the barrel. Better still fire should allow through until the
bullet has reached the target.

SECTION-6
RANGE PROCEDURE AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Ques 1 – What is the is the normal procedure on the firing points?
Ans - It is as udner :-
(a) The party to fire is brought within about 100 yds of the firing point.
(b) The practices to be fired are explained.
(c) Firers are detailed to targets.
(d) The coaches, ammunition party and look out men take up their positions.
(e) The first two details only form up behind their targets.
(f) On the order of ‘Age Barh’ (Detail Advance) the first detail will take
position on the firing point.
(g) On the lowering of the red flag at the butt, the officer supervising the firing
point may order his red flag to be taken down and give the order of ‘Detail
Advance’. The coaches check up their positions and correct them if needed, and
give the word of command ‘Limber Up’. On this, the firers must align rifles as
they have been taught. The officer will then give the order to load and carry on.
(h) The firing will start only after getting orders from officer-in-charge firing.
(j) On completion of fire, the firers must raise their right hand up, keeping the
elbow on the ground.
(k) Officer-in-charge will give the word of command ‘Khali Kar’ (before this
he must ensure that all have finished). On this the firers will take their rifles onto
their shoulders and move the bolt twice, press the trigger and stand up.
(l) The officer-in-charge will give the command ‘Detail Report’ on this the
firers would report ‘Number ek rifle theek, do theek, teen theek and number
char rifle theek’. The report will be form left to right. (Normally four targets are
used on miniature range).
(m) The first and last firer will say ‘Number ek rifle theek’ and the rest will say
‘Do theek, teen theek’ and so on.
(n) The details are changed by word of command and the new detail which
has been waiting comes up while another detail forms up behind.

(o) Before the firers leave the range they will have a further weapon
inspection. Each firer will be asked whether she has any live ammunition. It will
be ensured that they have no live ammunition.
SECTION -7
AIMING II - ALTERATION OF SIGHT

(Only for SD/SW cadets)
Ques 1 – What is Mean Point of Impact (MPI)?
Ans - The central point of area covered by the group of rounds fired with consistent
aim and held at the same aiming mark is called MPI.
Ques 2 – What is the elevation at different ranges?
Ans - (a) The amount of alteration necessary may be found from the following table
which shows the change of MPI when the sight is changed by 100 yards.
Range Target Rise or drop of MPI on Target

200 Yards 6 inches
300 Yards 12 inches
400 Yards 18 inches
500 Yards 24 inches
(b) An alteration of 50 yards in the sight will bring half the effect shown above.
200 yards will double it on the target.
SECTION-8
THEORY OF GROUP AND SNAP SHOOTING

Ques 1 – What is grouping capacity?
Ans - The diameter of a circle containing all five shots, fired by a man to the best of his
ability, is known as his grouping capacity.
Ques 2 – What are the main points to be observed during snap shooting?
Ans - (a) Accuracy is not sacrificed for speed.
(b) There is no verbal declaration of aim, since this would cause distraction.
(c) The butt remains in the shoulder in order to save time in re-aiming.
(d) Perfect bolt manipulation to ensure that no time is wasted in reloading.
(e) Firing will continue until such time as the command ‘Stop’ is given, or no
further fire is required.
SECTION-10
CHARACTERISTICS OF 7.62 MM SLR AND 5.56 MM INSAS

Note – Already covered in Infantry weapons

CHAPTER V
LEADERSHIP
Section 1- Motivation
Ques 1 –Define motivation?
Ans – (a) Motivation is the process by which one is inspired to act in the desired
manner with the help of catalytic persuasion.
(b) It is the application of will power and is expressed commonly as a desire,
wish, need, preference, want or striving.
(c) It is an act of inspiring men to do their jobs.
Ques 2 – What are the various means of motivation?
Ans (a) Integrating as far as possible the personal needs of the men with the
needs of the organization.
(b) Providing opportunity where practicable for individuals to participate in

establishing goals and standards of performance. Such participation fosters
ready acceptance of objective.
(c) The leader himself setting a personal example of optimum performance.

“In doing everything, it is better to check up ones conduct and to act on lines laid
down by sages. You, who are a leader of men, must set the example” -
BHAGVAD GITA.
SECTION 2- DISCIPLINE AND DUTIES OF A GOOD CITIZEN
Ques 1 – Define Duty?
Ans – Duty is a moral/legal obligation and a binding force of what is right and behaviour
towards superior colleagues & subordinates.
Ques 2. Define Discipline?
Ans - To obey man’s order as issued by rightful authority is discipline. Discipline

welds together the other qualities of self control, courage, endurance, alertness,
comradeship and correct behaviour at all times.
Ques 3. Define Citizen?
Ans - A member of a particular community who owes allegiance to the State and who
enjoys protection and the rights granted by the Constitution of the country.
Ques 4. What are the important duties of a good Citizen?
Ans - (a) Primary duty is to be loyal and owe allegiance to the State.
(b) Patriotism, Preservation of Independence of the Country.
(c) Service before Self.
d) Sense of Duty.
(e) Care and protection of the government property.
(f) High Character.
(g) A good citizen considers right of other citizens also as important as his
own right.
SECTION 3- LEADERSHIP TRAITS
Ques 1 – What are Leadership traits?
Ans - These area as under : -
(a) Alertness
(b) Bearing
(c) Courage
(d) Decisiveness
(e) Dependability
(f) Endurance
(g) Initiative
(h) Integrity
(i) Judgement
(j) Justice
(k) Knowledge
(l) Loyalty
(m) Sense of humour
(n) Tactful
(o) Unselfishness
SECTION 4- PERSONALITY/ CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT
Ques 1 –Write measures for development of Personality?
(a) Judgement
(b) Mirroring
(c) Be cheerful and nice
(d) Be sincere and trustworthy.
(e) Provide compelling ideas.
(f) Conviction
(g) Positive attitude.

(h) Leadership skills
(i) Communication skills
Ques 2 –Write measures to improve character?
(a) Courage.
(b) Decisiveness.
(c) Initiative.
(d) Enthusiasm.
(e) Loyalty.
(f) Justice.
(g) Morality.
(h) Sense of Duty.
(j) Patriotism.
Ques 3 – List out role of NCC in personality/ character development?
(a) Drill
(b) Interaction of cadets during camps.
(c) Competitions
(d) Sports and adventure activities.
SECTION 5- TYPES OF LEADERSHIP

Ques 1 – Write three ideal leadership styles?
Ans- (a) Autocratic
(b) Democratic
(c) Laissez Faire
SECTION 6- VALUES / CODE OF ETHICS

Ques 1 –Define value?

Ans - Value is a standard behaviour of an individual in society.

Ques 2 –Define Ethics?
Ans – Ethics is a set of moral principles that governs a person’s behaviour in society.
Ques 3 – List out important values of a good & successful leader?
(a) Honesty - not to steal, cheat or lie.
(b) Integrity - uprightness.
(c) Purity - no duplicity, insincerity in thought, word or deed.
(d) Discipline - behaviour according to essential rules and norms

which is self-imposed.
(e) Selflessness - unselfishness, rise above selfish or self-centered

individualism, self-sacrifice.
(f) Loyalty - true, faithful to duty, love or obligation to person/

institution, faithful in allegiance to the nation or
mother country.
(g) Fairness - being impartial, give right decision.
(h) Equality - treat everyone equally.
(j) Trust - firm belief in the reliability, ability, strength of some

one or something.
(k) Support - give help, encouragement, or approval.
(l) Respect - a feeling of admiration for someone because of their

qualities.
SECTION 7- PERCEPTION
Ques 1 –Define Perception?
Ans – Perception is a complicated interaction of selection, organization, and

interpretation of stimuli.
Ques 2 – Define two elements of perception?

Ans - (a) Perception is a process of selection or screening which prevents us from
processing irrelevant or disruptive information and
(b) There is organisation of stimuli implying that the information that is

processed has to be ordered and classified in some logical manner which permits
us to assign meaning to the stimuli situations.
Ques 3 – What are the External attention factors of perceptual selection?
Ans – (a) Intensity

(b) Size
(c) Contrast
(d) Repetition
(e) Motion
(f) Novelty and familiarity
SECTION 8- COMMUNICATION INCLUDING INTER-PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Ques 1 –Define communication?
Ans - (a) “Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, options, emotions by two

or more persons”. or
(b) Communication is an intercourse by words, letter, symbols or messages

and a way that one member shares meaning and understanding with another”.
Ques 2 – Write down principles of effective communication.
Ans – These are as under : -
a) Clarity of Objective
(b) Proper Messenger.
(c) Knowledge of Communicatee.
(d) Selection of Media / Method
(e) Removal of Barriers:
(f) Feedback.
Ques 3 – What are the advantages & disadvantages of Face-to-Face interpersonal

communication?
Ans Advantages

(a) Once contact is made with audience, there is no time lag between the
transmission of a message and its reception.
(b) It gives control to the speaker. In a personal contact one has much more
command over the receiver’s attention. The listener at least has to pretend to pay
attention. In such cases message ought to be clear and interesting enough to
capture the attention of the audience.
(c) It permits instantaneous feedback. Because of the tremendous amount of

feedback available in face-to-face communication, it has also been termed the
richest kind of communication channel.
(d) A final advantage of face-to-face interaction is its personal quality. When

a personal meeting goes well, the relationship that communication develops can
help solve problems that might have been more difficult when handled from a
distance. Personal meetings are especially important in some cultures, where
failure to visit someone in person is an insult.
Drawbacks
(a) It is difficult to arrange personal meetings. Even when communicator is in

the same building, scheduling a meeting can be difficult and frustrating.
(b) A personal encounter might also be unproductive if the contact

antagonizes one or more of the participants.
Ques 4 – What are the guidelines for effective listening?
(a) A good listener shows deep interest in the speaker by looking at him. He
observes the gestures, facial expressions and postures of the speaker.
(b) While listening exercise mental discipline over yourself. Only if you
concentrate properly can you be a good listener.
(c) Do not allow yourself to be distracted by noise or entering of late comers.
(d) Do not distract the speaker.
(e) Be present in time at the venue. It enables to settle yourself physically and
mentally before the speech starts.
(f) Take the efforts to listen not only to the words but also to the feelings
being conveyed by the speaker.
(g) Don’t hesitate to ask the questions to clarify meaning of statements made
by the speaker.

(h) Let your listening always be sympathetic, alert and active. Try to
understand the speaker’s point of view.
(j) Follow the trend of discussion so as to make the proper response when
your turn comes.
(k) Use the extra time you get as listener to analyse and evaluate the speech.
(l) Avoid thinking too much about a part that has already been covered by
the speaker as this will prevent you from paying attention to the next argument.
(m) Don’t take too many notes because you will get little time to analyse and
evaluate the message or speech.
(n) Avoid emotional barriers which prevent your from listening effectively.
Ques 5 – What are the advantages of good listening?
(a) It improves the quality of communication and makes people respect

the view point of others.
(b) Good listening leads to positive attitudes, cordial relations and better
participation.
(c) It provides valuable information for the purpose of decision making.
(d) Good listening enables to find the solutions to the complex problems.
SECTION 11-IMPORTANCE OF GROUP/TEAM WORK

Ques 1 –What are the various types of Groups?
Ans - Classification of group according to evolutions of primary goals is an given below:-
(a) Friendship Group. It evolves informally to meet its members’ personal

security, esteem and belonging needs.
(b) Task Group. It is created by the management to accomplish certain

organization goals. Task group can further be classified as under:-
(i) Formal Groups. They are established by an organization to

facilitate the achievement of the organization goals.
(ii) Informal Group. It is one that develops out of the day-to-day

activities, interactions and sentiments of the members for the purpose of
meeting their social needs.

(iii) Effective Group. An effective group is one which has the following
characteristics:-
(aa) Its members know why the group exists; they have shared
goals.
(ab) Its members support agreed upon guidelines and

procedures for making decisions.
(ac) Its members communicate freely among themselves.
(ad) Its members have learned to receive help from one another
and to give help to one another.
(ae) Its members have learned to deal with conflict within the
group.
(af) Its members have learned to diagnose individual and group

processes and improve their own and the group’s functioning.
Ques 2 – What are the characteristics of a mature Group?
Ans - (a) An increasing ability to be self directed (not dependent on the leader).
(b) An increased tolerance that progress takes time.
(c) An increasing sensitivity to their own feelings and those of others.
(d) Improvement in the ability to withstand tension, frustration and

disagreement.
(e) A perception of the common denominators, which bind the group as well
as areas of individual difference.
(f) A better ability to anticipate realistic results of behavior to channel

emotions into more socially acceptable ways of expressing these emotions.
(g) An increased ability to change plans and methods as new situations

develop.
(h) A decrease in time needed to recover from threatening group situations.

Peaks and valleys of emotional group crises become less personal.
(j) Increased efficiency in locating problems, engaging in problem solving and

providing help to individuals as needed.
(k) A willingness to face one`s own responsibilities and to assist others when
help is needed.

(l) An acceptance of the right of the other person to be different.
Ques 3 – What are various types of teams?
Ans - (a) Functional Teams
(b) Problem Solving Teams.
(c) Cross - Functional Teams.
(d) Self - Managed Teams.
Ques 4 – What are the characteristics of a Team?
Ans - (a) Illusion of invulnerability.

(b) Collective rationalization.
(c) Unquestioned belief.
(d) Stereotypical views.
(e) Direct pressure.
(f) Self censorship.
(g) Shared illusion of unanimity.

CIVIL AFFAIRS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT
SECTION -1
Civil Defence organisation and its Duties
Ques 1 -Define civil defence?
Ans - It is a measure adopted by the civilian population, Government, local self bodies
and voluntary organisation etc, during the war to minimize the effects of enemy action
on men and material. It is the defence of the citizens by the citizens.
Ques – 2. What is the organisation of civil defence at District level?
Ans - District Magistrate is controller along with in charge for various civil defence
services like Civil Surgeon, Superintendent of Police, PWD Engineer, Publicity officer
etc.
Ques 3 - Write various kinds of civil defence services?
Ans - (a) Headquarters Service
(b) Warden’s Service
(c) Fire Fighting Service
(d) Casualty Services
(e) Communication Services
(f) Training Services
(g) Rescue Services
(h) Welfare Services
(j) Depot and Transport Services
(k) Salvage Service.
(l) Corpse Disposal Service
(m) Supply Service

SECTION -2
Types of emergencies and natural disasters
Ques 1 -Define disaster?
Ans - Disaster denotes any odd event natural or man made which brings about
immense misery to a region and it becomes difficult to cope up with the situation through
local resources. There are two types of disasters i.e. Natural and Man made.
Ques 2 - What are the natural disasters?
Ans
(a) Wind Related - Storm, Cyclone, Tornado, Storm surge and Tidal waves.
(b) Water Related - Flood, Cloudburst, Flash flood, Excessive rains and
Drought.
(c) Earth Related - Earthquake, Tsunamis, Avalanches, Landslides and

Volcanic eruptions.
Ques 3 – What are the man made disaters?
Ans (a) Accidents. Road, Rail, Air, Sea and Building collapse.
(b) Industrial Mishaps. Gas Leak, explosion, sabotage and safety breach.
(c) Fire. Building, Coal and Oil.
(d) Forest Fire. In tropical countries forest fires are often manmade.
(e) Contamination/Poisoning. Food, water, illicit-liquor and epidemics.
(f) Terrorists Activities.
(g) Ecological. Pollution (air, water, noise), soil degradation, loss of

biodiversity, global warming, sea level rise, toxic wastes and nuclear accidents.
(h) Warfare. Conventional, chemical and nuclear.
Ques 4 - Describe Earth quack, Tsunami, Draught and Flood.
Ans (a) Earthquake. Layers of rock make up the earth’s surface. Rocks do not
bend or break easily. Tension caused by movement of Earth’s plates, build up
over the years until the rocks can take the strain no longer. Suddenly they crack
and shift, sending out shock waves, and reducing anything built on the surface
to rubble. This is what we call an earthquake. The shock of the initial
earthquake may be followed by a series of aftershocks over the next few
days. These fade as the rocks settle down into their new positions.

(b) Tsunamis. This giant wave is caused by an undersea earthquake.
Vibrations rush through the ocean at hundreds of kilometers an hour. When
they reach shallow waters they slow down and build up into vast waves, at
times 76m (250 ft) tall. The tsunami crashes onto the shore, sweeping away
anything in its way.
(c) Drought. If, over about two weeks, there is less than 0.2 mm (1/100in)
of precipitation, there is said to be a drought. Without reservoirs, there is not
enough water for people and crops. Some places have extreme drought
which lasts for many years. Droughts have disastrous and long term impact on
the economy and can affect a large segment of the society which may last for
months and in some cases several years. Generally, drought situation may be
defined as a temporary reduction in water or moisture availability significantly
below the normal or expected amount for a specific period. Drought is a slow
onset phenomenon.
(d) Flood. It can arise from abnormally heavy precipitation, dam failures,
rapid snow melting, river blockages or even burst water mains. It is usually
sudden in onset. Types of floods can further be classified into Inland and Coastal
floods. Major floods result in physical damage, deaths and injuries, problems in
drinking water supply and food shortages and displacement of population.
SECTION -3
Fire Fighting
Ques 1 -What are the three elements for fire?
Ans - (a) Oxygen.
(b) Sufficient heat to raise the temperature of fuel to its burning point or
ignition temperature.
(c) Combustible or burnable material (Solid, Liquid or Gas).
Ques 2 – What are the modes of spread of fire?
Ans - (a) Conduction. Transfer of heat by the intermediary material. Many

materials which will not burn easily particularly metals are good conductors for
transmitting heat. These materials when heated by the fire may ignite other
combustible material with which these may be in contact.
(b) Convection. Transfer of heat through gases or smoke, Gases tend to rise
until ceiling or roof is reached after which they spread sideways in a mushroom
manner and ignite combustible materials located at higher levels than the
original fire e.g. fire spreading onto top floor. The best method to check this is to
remove or cool the combustible materials.

(c) Radiation. Radiation means transfer of heat from the source of fire,
without heating the midway media e.g. air. The effect of radiation can be
countered by forming a ‘water curtain’ between the fire and the object to be
protected or the object may be removed or cooled.
(d) Direct Burning. This phenomenon is self-explanatory. Direct burning is

often due to a combination of the above two or three factors viz, conduction,
convection and radiation.
Ques 3. – What are the various categories of fire fighting appliances?
Ans (a) Fire Extinguishers.
(b) Stirrup Pumps.
(c) Buckets/Ghee Tin (Water /sand containers)
(d) Fire Beaters and Hooks.
SECTION -4
Essential services and their Maintenance
Ques 1 -What are the essential services?
Ans (a) Postal, telegraph or telephone service.

(b) Railways, road, air and sea transport service for the carriage of
passengers or goods.
(c) Running of ports of (b) above.
(d) Provision of water, electricity and sanitation.
(e) Medical services and essential supplies.
(f) Production and supply of essential commodities.
(g) Running of mint and security presses.
Ques 2 – What is the role of NCC cadets for maintaining essential services?
Ans (a) Telephone exchange – as operators.
(b) Hospitals- as nurses and as links between doctors, nurses, patients

and hospital technicians. They could also help in maintaining hospital discipline
and security.
(c) First Aid Centres- establish and run these centres.
(d) Assist civil defence wardens in carrying out their duties.

(e) Carry out neighbourhood campaigns by motivating people to create

self assistance groups.
(f) Counteract gossip and rumours to restore the morale of the

people.
(g) Assist the civil authorities whenever feasible and to the best of ability.
Some of the areas where cadets can help are:-
(i) Search for and rescue trapped people.
(ii) Salvage destroyed structures and property.
(iii) Distribution of relief material to the affected population for their

temporary sustenance.
(iv) Coordinate the relief flow from out-side and ensure maximum
coverage of territory in provision of relief stores, food and water
avoiding wastage and duplication of work in the same area.
(v) Repair and restore essential services to enable rescue and relief
work and for normalization of activities.
SECTION - 5
Protection
Ques 1 -What are the protective measure against the air attack?
Ans (a) In the Trenches. The size of these trenches could be 8’ to 10’ long. 2’
to 2 ½’ wide and 4’ to 6’ deep. Eight to ten feet long units are dug in a zig-zag
manner with an angle of 80 degrees to 100 degrees between each leg.
(b) In the Open. Lie on the ground with face downward resting on elbows
with hands clasped behind the head so that chest is not in contact with the
ground. Put a rolled handkerchief in between teeth.
(c) In a Vehicle. Park the vehicle in a side lane leaving the ignition key in its
place and take cover in the open.
(d) Inside the Building. Be near the inside wall of the building. Places
below staircases, archways, doorways, corners and under the cots are safer.
(e) In a Train. Turn off the lights and crawl under seats. On no account look
outside the windows.
(f) In the Cinema. Remain seated on your seats.

(g) In a Bullock Cart or Tonga. Unyoke animals, tie them to the nearest tree
or a pole, take shelter as in the open.
(h) Protection of Doors and Windows. Doors and windows can be

screened by walls and sand bags.
Ques 2 – What the various methods of rescue?
Ans (a) Methods Suitable for One Rescuer. Human Crutch, Pick-a-back
(reverse), Fireman’s lift. Rescue crawl, Removal downstairs, Bowline drag and
Toe drag.
(b) Methods Suitable for More than One Rescuer. Two handed seat,
Three handed seat, Fourhanded seat, Fore and Aft method, Two-man Human
Crutch, Clothes lift, Blanket lift.
(c) Improvised Stretcher. Blankets, sheets or rugs salvaged from the site
can be converted into improvised stretchers by using small poles, broom handles
etc.
SECTION - 6
Role of NCC during Natural Hazards

Ques 1 -What are the role of NCC cadets during natural disasters?
Ans (a) Traffic Management under supervision.
(b) Search and Rescue.
(c) First Aid and evacuation of rescued people.
(d) Helping in setting up and administration of Relief Camps.
(e) Collection, loading and dispatch of medical aid, material, food and
other articles of relief.
(f) Conduct of cultural and recreational activities for victims to boost their
morale at later / rehabilitation stages.
Ques 2 - What are the various points for consideration while employing NCC cadets for
disaster management?
Ans (a) JD/JW cadets are young and may not be considered suitable for such
operations. SW cadets may be used for softer jobs like providing medical
assistance or manning exchanges during strikes of nurses or telephone
operators. Only SD cadets may be found suitable for helping in natural calamities
like earthquakes, land-slides and floods.
(b) Suitable bonds would be required to be obtained from parents of cadets.
(c) Cadets are never readily available to be mustered at short notice because
they are busy with their studies at schools/colleges. It is only during camps that
the cadets are available and can be launched at short notice.
(d) Cadets are not adequately trained for specialized tasks related to Disaster
Management. Suitable training must be given to them during institutional training.
(e) Adequate allowances would require to be allocated for the cadets taking
part in these activities.
(f) Joint schemes with the State Disaster Relief machinery would be required
to be made in which NCC cadets may be incorporated.
(g) Adequate signal equipment and other disaster relief equipment would be
required to be authorised to NCC to carry out necessary training.
(h) NCC cadets would have to carry out rehearsals along with the Army,
Police, Fire Fighting forces and others in the State.
SECTION - 7
Traffic Control in Disasters Management under Police Supervision

Ques 1 - What are the responsibilities of Traffic Police and where all cadets can be
employed for disaster management?
Ans - (a) Immediate Action. On receipt of the information about any Disaster
taking place, Dy SP concerned shall rush to the spot immediately with his quick
reaction team equipped with adequate communication equipment, rescue
material, protective gear, warning signs and contact numbers; assess the
situation and inform the SSP about the situation SSP should arrange for
additional force from local resources. Some cadets can form part of the
group which goes for the immediate action.
(b) Initial Law and Order. Local traffic police shall rush to the spot with
ropes, search lights and other items for maintaining law and order. Cadets can
be incorporated with the local police personals.
(c) Cordoning. The entire affected area shall be cordoned off and no
collection of crowd be allowed there. Cadets can be used to cordon off effected
areas.

(d) Casualty Management. The Traffic Police plays an important role in
traffic control and guidance in the chain of evacuation of casualties as injured
persons shall be evacuated to the nearby hospital by the PCR vans, ambulances
and other modes of conveyance. Cadets can accompany the casualty or be
employed as points man or liaison officer at hospitals..
(e) Traffic Flow. No traffic shall be allowed to pass through the affected
areas and necessary diversion shall be made accordingly. Diversion points can
be manned by cadets in co-ordination with traffic police.
(f) Emergency Vehicle. The local traffic police shall ensure clear passage
for emergency vehicles until traffic arrangements are made. Cadets can be
employed to check and ensure that only emergency vehicles are
permitted to the right of way.
(g) Rescue Services. Help shall be provided to the rescue services

and volunteers in all possible manner. This will include guiding the fire tenders,
ambulances etc to the place of incident through a clear route. Cadets can be
cooperated with rescue services and volunteers to guide and escorting
duties.
(h) Adequate Reserve. Adequate force be kept at the scene of

occurrence for traffic control. Cadets can form part of the reserve forces to
aid traffic police.
(j) Maint of Records of Incidents. The entire scene of incident must

be video graphed as early as possible with a view to reconstruct the scene of
occurrence, during the course of investigation. Cadets can be employed to
videograph and carryout tasks in maintaining of records of incidents.
SECTION-8
DISASTER MANAGEMENT DURING FLOOD/CYCLONE

Ques -1 - What is the assistance required during flood/cyclone?
Ans (a) Flood/Cyclone Warning.
(b) Shelter Management.
(c) Evacuation & Rescue.
(d) First aid & Medical.
(e) Sanitation.
(f) Relief.

(g) Carcass Disposal.
(h) Patrolling and Liaison
Ques 2 – What is the affective method to contact NCC cadets to be available for any
assistance during calamities?
Ans (a) Radio / TV.
(b) Contact telephone numbers.
(c) Jeep with loudhailer.
(d) By word of mouth.
Ques 3 - Describe as to how the assistance will be provided during any flood/cyclone
by NCC cadets?
Ans - All NCC cadets, both boys and girls, junior and senior along with motivated and
responsible men, women and youth volunteers can implement and supervise the
activities of the contingency plan. Each group will have distinct activities to carry out
before, during and after the flood/cyclone. NCC cadets of each Gp will be trained in
various aspects as under: -
(a) Relief Group. The member of the group collect and distribute relief
such as food supply, cloth, kerosene, diesel, utensils etc and coordinate all the
relief requirement of the other action groups. Both the boy and girl cadets have
to be capable of interacting with the local authorities to ensure adequate supplies
reach the affected areas in time.
(b) Warning Group. Members of this group could be cadets from JD. They
have to be trained to understand radio warning and act fast to spread the warning
throughout the area of responsibility. Some members should have a radio before
the flood/cyclone. This group has to monitor weather forecast through wireless
radio, TV, transportation and communication aids are needed to pass on warning.
(c) Shelter Management Group. The members of this group can have
maximum cadets from JW/SW. They will be at the shelter and safe houses
looking after the evacuees’ food, water and medication requirements. This group
can also coordinate with the government authorities to ensure that health and
nutrition facilities are available for the extra vulnerable groups, like women and
children.
(d) Evacuation and Rescue Groups. The members of this group have to
be physically strong (both SD and SW), and should be trained in basic evacuation
and rescue method. The members of this group should coordinate with state
government to get facilities for rescue and evacuation in terms of rescue training.
Rescue infrastructure and equipment.

(e) First Aid Medical Groups. There should be equal number of JD/SD and
JW/SW cadets in this group. Those with some knowledge of nursing will be
preferable. The members will have to go through intensive training and drills for
first aid medical reasonability.
(f) Sanitation Groups. This group can consist of girl and boy cadets, who will
look after the sanitation responsibilities both at the shelter as well as outdoors.
(g) Carcass Disposal Groups. Rotting and undisputed carcasses create

unhygienic conditions and have to be disposed off immediately. Their disposal
becomes an extremely important task. The members of this group have to be
psychotically and physically able to carry out this task and should have been
medically protected. If possible the Civil Defence Volunteers, members from the
NSS/boys Scouts can be included in this group.
SECTION-9
DISASTER MANAGEMENT DURING EARTHQUAKE

Ques 1 – What is likely to be the impact of earthquakes?
Ans - (a) Loss of Life.
(b) Injury.
(c) Damage to or destruction of property including crops.
(d) Disruption of production.
(e) Disruption of lifestyle.
(f) Loss of livelihood.
(g) Disruption to essential services.
(h) Damage to national infrastructure and disruption to administrative and

organisational systems.
(j) Sociological and psychological after-effects.
Ques 2 – What are the problem areas which need particular attention during relief
operations?
Ans – (a) Severe and extensive damage, creating the need for urgent counter
measures especially search and rescue and medical assistance.
(b) Difficulty of access and movement.

(c) Widespread loss of or damage to infrastructure, essential services and life
support systems.
(d) Recovery requirements (restoration and rebuilding) may be life extensive

and costly.
(e) Occurrence of earthquake in areas where such events are rather rare may
cause problems due to lack of public awareness.
Ques 3 – What are the important points to be kept in mind by residents of quake prone
area?
Ans - (a) Keep in mind that most problems from a severe earthquake result from
falling objects and debris (partial building collapse, ceiling plaster, light fixtures
etc) and not from ground movement.
(b) Shelves for bookcases etc should be fixed to the walls. Remove heavy
objects from shelves above head level. Do not hang plants in heavy pots that
could swing free of hooks. Bookcases, cabinets or wall decorations can topple
over and fall.
(c) Locate beds away from the windows and heavy objects that could fall. Do
not hang mirrors or picture frames over beds.
(d) Secure appliances that could move causing rupture of gas or electrical
lines. Know location of master switches and shut-of valves.
(e) Make sure the overhead lighting fixtures are well secured to the ceiling and
move heavy unstable objects away from exit routes.
(f) Replace glass bottles with plastic containers or move them to the lowest
shelves.
(g) Be aware that with a severe earthquake, all services such as

electricity/water will probably be down. Emergency services may be extremely
limited for a few days.
(h) Emergency stores like water, long lasting ready to eat food, first aid kit
medicines tools, portable radio, flash light, batteries, blankets, warm jackets fire
extinguisher and telephone/mobile etc be kept in a secure place at your
residence or in your car.

SECTION-10
SETTING UP RELIEF CAMP DURING

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Ques 1 - What are the basic considerations for setting up of relief camp for disaster
management?
Ans – Following points are relevant for proper siting of relief camp: -
(a) Social Needs. In most circumstances the choice will be limited and any land
meeting even minimum standards may be scarce. However the site selected must
meet the basic needs of the society.
(b) Water. The single most important site selection criteria are the availability of
an adequate amount of water on a year-round basis. The watershed of the area
may be a consideration.
(c) Open Space. The site must provide a sufficient amount of usable space
for the displaced population. Since there is always the possibility that more people
may arrive, the site should be large enough to allow for major expansion.
(d) Accessibility. The site must be accessible by vehicles and close to

communication links, sources of supplies and services such as food, cooking fuel,
shelter material, and national community services.
(e) Environment. The area should be free of major environmental health

hazards, potential diseases and harmful insects such as mosquito and tsetse fly.
(f) Soil and Ground Cover. The soil should allow for water absorption and
the retention of human waste. Rocky or impermeable sites should be avoided.
(g) Land Rights. The land should be exempt from ownership rights or
grazing and other uses by local population.
(h) Transit Centre. There may be a need to set up a reception or

transit centre, through which displaced people pass on the way to a long-term
settlement site

SECTION-11
ASSISTANCE IN REMOVAL OF DEBRIS

Ques 1 - What should be the ideal priority for removal of debris?
Ans (a) Priority I. To remove debris that may damage entry and exit for
emergency services, public health and safety.
(b) Priority II. To remove debris that poses a threat to life and safety, e.g.
damage to public structures, bridges and road ways.
(c) Priority III. To remove debris that cause hindrance to the process of
rehabilitation of disaster affected area.
(d) Priority IV. To remove debris on private property.
Ques 2 - What is the likely role of NCC cadets for removal of debris?
Ans - NCC Cadets could be employed as under : -
(a) Spread public awareness about task in hand to enhance participation.

(b) Remove debris in conjunction with civil services.
(c) For identification of disposal areas and as guides.
(d) Reporting/controlling of illegal dumping activity.
SECTION-12
COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF AID MATERIAL

Ques 1 – What are the various types of Aid materials required during management of
disasters?
Ans - Aid material can be divided into following categories: -
(a) Personal Clothing and bedding Items.
(b) Medical and Life Saving Equipment
(c) Housing and Shelters.
(d) Transportation.
(e) Debris Clearing Equipment.
(f) Animals and Live Stock.

(g) Disposal of the Dead.
(h) Communication.
(j) Food, Water and Cooking Facilities.
(k) Electricity and Lighting Facilities.
Ques 2 – what is the source of supply of aid material?
Ans - (a) Central Government Organisations including Defence Services.
(b) State Government Organisations.
(c) Non Government Organisations (NGOs).
(d) Educational Institutions.
(e) Social Welfare Organisations.
(f) Resident Welfare Organisations.
(g) Red Cross.
(h) International Organisations like WHO etc.
(j) Individuals.
Ques 3 - What is the role of NCC cadets for collection of aid material?
Ans – (a) Cadets can help at the time of collection and help in maintaining records.
(b) Help in the sifting of articles and bulk breaking and packaging.
(c) Help in dispatch of items by various means.
(d) NCC can establish their own collection and distribution centres as they are
closely associated with schools and colleges all over the country and even in the
remotest areas of our country. These can be opened at unit/ group level.
(e) NCC is working and coordinating with government at the central and also
at the state and district level and thus by their disposition they are ideally suited
for a parallel net work with other organisations.
Ques 4 - What is the role of NCC cadets for distribution of aid material?
Ans - (a) Can be co-opted with the PDS system.

(b) Work along with NGOs or other organisations.
(c) Work independently in the chain of NCC collection and distribution system.

(d) Work along with Defence Forces who are major contributors in crisis
management.
(e) Operate and man various posts established for escorting and guiding
delivery agents with adequate signal communications.
SECTION-13
MESSAGE SERVICES
Ques 1 – What are various methods of communications?
Ans - (a) Messengers.
(b) Telephones including Cell phones.

(c) Two-way radio (VHF).
(d) Field Telephone.
(e) Signal transmission through propagation of waves as follows:-
(i) Ground Wave. Long and Medium waves range upto 30 Kms.
(ii) Space Wave. VHF and UHF waves range upto 50Kms.
(iii) Sky Wave. HF waves making use of ionosphere layer existing

upto a height of 150-200 Kms from the surface of the earth. Range
from 100 Kms to 1000 Kms.
(iv) Tropospheric Scatter. For forward propagation height range
upto 8-10 Kms from the surface of the earth.
(f) Satellite.
(g) Dial-up modems (Internet including e-mail and Fax).
(h) Local Area Networks (LANs).
(j) Signals.

CHAPTER-VII
SOCIAL SERVICE
SECTION-1
WEAKER SECTIONS OF OUR SOCIETY AND THEIR NEEDS
Ques 1 – What are the various weaker sections of Indian society?
Ans (a) Scheduled Caste (SC)
(b) Scheduled Tribes (ST).
(c) Other Backward Classes (OBC).
Ques 2 - What are various arguments in favour of Reservation Policy?
Ans - (a) Social diversity is desirable in campuses and work places. It can
bring out hidden talent of society.
(b) One way to do it is to provide relaxed entry criteria for under

privileged groups.
(c) Hardship faced by those in general category is due to shortage of

seats in professional colleges and shortage of employment opportunities and
not due to reservation.
Ques 3 What are various points against reservation policy?
Ans - (a) Economic conditions should be the basis for reservation.
(b) Reservation decisions are taken keeping political interests in mind.
(c) Allocation of quotas on the basis of caste is a form of racial

discrimination and thus contrary to right to equality.
(d) Merit is severely compromised by reserving seats for certain caste-based

communities.
(e) Caste system is being kept alive by reservation policy.
Ques 4 – Write down contribution of NCC cadets to help the weaker section of our
society?

Ans - (a) Help colleagues from weaker section of society in studies and to acquire
vocational skills.
(b) Do not discriminate on the basis of social status of any one.
(c) Learn the values of equality and social justice.
SECTION-2
SOCIAL SERVICE AND ITS NEED
Ques 1 – What are the various types of social services?
Ans - (a) Education.
(b) Family welfare, Medical care, Family planning and Nutrition.
(c) Provision of Water and Cooking fuel, Roads, Electricity and Sanitation.
(d) Old age support systems.
(e) Employment.
(f) Social assistance, Social security, Care & protection.
(g) Housing and Rehabilitation.
(h) Recreation, Sports and Social activities.
SECTION-3
FAMILY PLANNING
Ques 1 - Define family planning?
Ans - Family planning is defined as the voluntary, responsible decision made by

individual and couples as to the desired family size and timing of birth.
Ques 2 – What are the various methods of family planning?
Ans - (a) Vasectomy.

(b) Tubectomy.
(c) Conventional contraceptives like condoms and diaphragms.
(d) Oral pills.
Ques 3 – What are the suggested measures to ensure sucess of family planning policy
of the Govt?
(a) Voluntary encouragement of family planning for healthy children.
(b) Stringent laws and massive campaign through the electronic and print
media to create conducive environment.
(c) Take steps encouraging a two-child norm.
(d) Educating women particularly in backward areas.
(e) Early marriage be strictly checked and efforts be made to raise the living
standard and improve literacy rate.
(f) Couples adopting family planning should be given all possible assistance.
(g) Provide basic health care facilities in the backward areas.
(h) Involvement of religious leaders in the programme.
(j) Development of rural areas.
SECTION-4
HIV/AIDS: CAUSES & PREVENTION

AND
CONTRIBUTION OF YOUTH TOWARDS PREVENTION OF AIDS
Ques 1 - Define HIV?
Ans - HIV (Human Immuno-deficiency Virus) is a virus that gradually destroys the
body’s immune system.
Que 2 - Define AIDS?
Ans - AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is a condition wherein various

diseases affect the body because of the body’s weak natural defence mechanism – the
immunity.
Note - AIDS is an acquired condition in which a person may have various diseases that cause
similar symptoms, all of which are due to the body’s diminished ability to fight diseases. Anyone
who has HIV infection will develop AIDS over a period of time.
Ques 3. – How does HIV/AIDS spreads
Ans - (a) Sexual transmission

(b) Blood transfusion.
(c) Sharing needles and syringes for intravenous drug use.
(d) Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding
Ques 4 - Is there any risk of HIV/AIDS infection due to blood donation?
Ans - Blood donation has no risk of getting HIV infection because the needles and other
equipment used for collecting blood are safe.
Ques 5 – What are various methods to prevent HIV/AIDS?
Ans - There are four main methods which are as under : -
(a) Being in a mutually faithful sexual relationship.
(b) Checking all the blood and blood products for HIV infection before
transfusion.
(c) Avoiding drug abuse, especially sharing needles and syringes for injecting
drugs.
(d) Reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission by following

recommended guidelines for preventing parent to child transmission of HIV
infection.
Ques 6 . What is the role of youth in preventing HIV infection?
Ans - (a) Preventing HIV infection/re-infection at individual/community level.
(b) Spread awareness and educate the under privileged section of society.
(c) Promote responsible behaviours, especially those related to sexual

behaviours and drug abuse.
(d) Imbibe values and play active role to address gender imbalance.
(e) Educate general public that the HIV can not be transmitted by the following
modes:-
(a) Shaking Hands.
(b) Sharing of Clothes.
(c) Sharing of Food and Utensils.
(d) Sharing of Toilets.
(e) Insect Bites.
(f) Hugging or Kissing.
(g) Working in the same office or travelling in the same vehicle.
(h) Playing or swimming with the infected person.
(j) Coughing, sneezing or in routine patient-care activities (bed-
making, feeding etc).
SECTION-5
CANCER, ITS CAUSES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Ques 1 - What are the causes of cancer?
Ans - Main causes of cancer are:-
(a) Prolonged chewing of tobacco, zarda, pan and pan masala.
(b) Heavy smoking.

(c) Excessive drinking.
(d) Poor oral hygiene and inadequate dental care.
(e) Air and water pollution.
(f) Deficiency of balanced diet.
Ques 2 – What are the early signs of cancer amongst Gutka and tobacco users?
Ans - (a) Any sore and ulcer on tongue, cheek or gums that does not heal within a
fortnight.
(a) Red and white patches on the lips or mouth.
(b) A lump of swelling anywhere in the mouth or neck.
(c) Difficulty in walking.
(d) Difficulty in speech.
(e) Repeated bleeding in the mouth.
(f) Numbness in the mouth.
Ques 3 – What are the preventive measure against cancer?
Ans -
(a) Avoiding smoking.
(b) Avoiding tobacco in any form.
(c) Good oral hygiene.
(d) Avoiding diet high in processed and preserved meat, smoked and salted
food.
(e) Avoiding obesity.
(f) Handling asbestos and certain dyes with precaution.

(g) Early treatment on detection.
SECTION-6
CONTRIBUTION OF YOUTH TOWARDS SOCIAL WELFARE
Ques 1 – What is the contribution of youth towards social welfare?
Ans - Contribution of youth is as under : -

(a) Leadership.
(b) Community Service.
(c ) National and Cultural Integration.

(d) Education and Literacy. .
(e) Environment.
(f) Health Care and Family Welfare.
(g) Physical Education and Adventure Training.
(h) Old Age Care.
(j) Watershed and Waste Land Development.
SECTION-7
NON- GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION AND

THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE SOCIETY
Ques 1 - Define NGO?
Ans - An NGO is a non-profit group or association that acts outside of institutionalised

political structures and pursue matters of interest to its members by lobbying,
persuasion, or direct action. Their goals are primarily non-commercial. They collect
funds both from people and the government.
Ques 2 - What are the various types of NGOs?
Ans - (a) INGO. International NGOs.

(b) BINGO. Business oriented International NGO.
(c) RINGO. Religious International NGOs.
(d) ENGO. Environment NGO.

Ques 2 - What are the various activities under taken by NGOs?
Ans - (a) Blood Donation.

(b) Adult Literacy.
(c) Anti Dowry Drive.
(d) Anti Leprosy Drive.
(e) Anti Drug Drive.
(f) Tree Plantation.
(g) Environmental Programmes.
(h) Help in natural calamities such as Flood, Earth-quake.
(j) Educating people about AIDS.
(k) Family Planning Programmes.
(l) Community Development Work.
(m) Promotion of Social-equality.
(n) Wildlife and Animal Care.
(o) Human-rights.
(p) Awareness Campaign.
(q) Child Care.
(r) Polio Eradication drive.
(s) Providing schooling facilities especially in remote villages and rural areas.
(t) Creating and providing health and hygiene infrastructure and facilities.
(u) Cottage Industry.
(v) Orphanage and Old Age Homes.
SECTION-8
DRUG TRAFFICKING AND CRIME

Ques 1 – Define Drug?
Ans - A `DRUG` is a substance–solid, liquid or gas that brings about physical and / or
psychological changes. Drugs affect the central nervous system.
Ques 2 – What are the various types of drugs and name the common drugs in each
category?

Ans (a) Depressants. Depressants are drugs that slow down the function of the
central nervous system. Depressant drugs do not necessarily make a person feel
depressed. They include:-
(i) Alcohol.
(ii) Cannabis.
iii) Barbiturates, including Seconal, Tuinal and Amytal.
(iv) Benzodiazepines (Tranquilisers), Benzos, Tranx, such as Rohypnol,
Valium, Serepax, Mogadon, Normison and Eupynos.
(v) GHB (Gamma- hydroxybutrate), or Fantasy

(vi) Opiates and Opioids, including Heroin.
(b) Stimulants. Stimulants act on the central nervous system to speed up the
messages to and from the brain. They make the user feel more awake, alert or
confident. Stimulants increase heart rate, body temperature and blood pressure.
Other effects include appetite, dilated pupils, talkativeness, agitation and sleep
disturbance. Mild stimulants include:-
(i) Ephedrine used in medicines for bronchitis, high fever and asthma.
(ii) Caffeine in coffee, tea and cola drinks.
(iii) Nicotine in tobacco.
(c) Hallucinogens. Hallucinogens affect perception, People who have taken
them may believe they see, hear and perceive things that are not really there or
what they see may be distorted in some way. The effects of hallucinogens vary a
great deal, so it is impossible to predict how they will affect a particular person at
a particular time. Hallucinogens include:-
(i) Dhatura
(ii) Ketamine
Ques 3 – What is the role of “Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act
and Rules”?
Ans - (a) Punishment of upto 20 yrs rigorous imprisonment and fine up to Rupees
Two Lakhs for indulging in trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic
substances.
(b) Death sentence in case of repeat of this offence.

(c) Forfeiture of property of smugglers.
(d) Regulating of legitimate trade and commerce of NDPS for medicinal and
scientific purposes. The “Prevention of Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and

Psychotropic Substances”( PITNDPS) provides for detention of persons indulging
in trafficking of narcotic drugs for 1 to 2 years by an executive order

CHAPTER-VIII
HEALTH AND HYGIENE
SECTION-1
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN BODY

Ques 1 – What are the main parts the Human body?
Ans - These ara as under : -
(a) Skelton
(b) Muscles.
(c) Blood Circulatory Organs.
(d) Respiratory Organs.
(e) Digestive Organs.
(f) Excretory Organs.
(g) Nervous System Organs
SECTION -2
HYGIENE AND SANITATION
Ques 1 – Define Hygiene?
Ans - Hygiene is the science which seeks to preserve and improve the health of the
individual and of the community as a whole.
Ques - 2 – How to ensure proper personal hygiene?
Ans - It is as under : -
(a) 7-8 hours of Sleep
(b) Regular Bathing
(c) Eating and Drinking

(d) Care and Cleanliness of Skin, Hand, Hair and Teeth.

(e) Healthy food and proper rest.
(f) Exercise.
Ques 3 - What are the various methods of water purification?
(a) Boiling and distilling.

(b) Filtration.
(c) Sterilization.
(d) Pinking.
(e) Precipitation.
Ques 4 – Describe a soakage pit?
Ans - Essential for the disposal of liquid refuse like greasy water from kitchen
and waste water from bathrooms. Dig a pit 4 feet by 4 feet and 5 feet to 6
feet deep. Fill with small stones and broken bricks. Cover the top with oiled sacking
and put earth or sand 6 inches above. In the centre keep a perforated empty tin
of kerosene oil. Fill this tin with layers of gravel or sand and gravel. In this, fit
in a bucket, filled with straw, grass or some other grease retaining material.
Remove the strainer daily and replace with fresh one.
SECTION-3
PREVENTABLE DISEASES
Ques 1 – Describe classification of communicable diseases?
Ans - (a) Excremental Diseases
(b) Droplet Infection
(c) Contact Diseases
(d) Inset Borne Diseases
(e) Water borne diseases
(f) Animal Borne Diseases
Ques 2 – What are the preventive measures to ward off communicable diseases?
Ans - Preventive measures are as under : -

(a) Segregate the patient
(b) Destroy agents (germs) causing infection.
(c) Dis-infection.
(d) Control of the food and drink.
(e) Inoculation and Vaccination
SECTION-4
FIRST AID IN COMMON MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
Ques 1 - What is the first aid treatment for internal injuries?
Ans -
(a) Keep the patient warm, lying down with feet raised up and head kept
low.
(b) Apply cold application on the suspected injured region.
(c) Cheer up the patient.
(d) Arrange medical attention as soon as possible
Ques 2 - What is the first aid treatment for burns and scalds?
Ans (a) Protect burnt area by applying bandage or cover exposed part with clean
towel or cloth.
(b) Give complete rest and plenty of fluids to the patient.
(c ) Re-assure the patient.
(d) Give him morphia if available.
(f) Evacuate patient to the nearest hospital or dispensary.
Ques 3 - What is the first aid treatment for snake bite?
Ans (a) Make the victim lie down comfortably.
(b) Give convincing reassurance against fear of death.
(c ) Apply a light constricting tourniquet with handkerchief, bandage or shoe

lace above the knee for a bite on the leg and above the elbow for a bite on the
arm. So that the poison does not flows to all part of the body.
(d) Wash with soap and water. Use water freely.

(e) Incise into the skin 2” x ½” across the fang mark with a blade.
(f) Suck the blood either with mouth or with a suction pump. Be careful that
there is no cut or ulcer in the mouth.
(g) Evacuate the patient quickly to the nearest dispensary or hospital.
(h) If breathing fails, start artificial respiration.
Ques 4 - What is the first aid treatment for scorpion bite?
Ans (a) If blood has been drawn, the wound should be cleaned well with
antiseptic lotion.
(b) Evacuate casualty to the nearest dispensary or hospital.
Ques 5 - What is the first aid treatment for rabid dog bite?
Ans (a) Immediately wash with water and soap.
(b) Wound should be cleaned with available antiseptic.
(c) Patient should be sent to hospital for an anti- rabies injection course.
(d) Dog and the patient should be kept under observation for at least 10 days.
Ques 6 - What is the first aid treatment for foreign body in eye?
Ans a) Ask the patient not to rub the eyes.
(b) Wash the eye with water repeatedly for a minute or two.
(c ) Search for the foreign body by lifting the upper eyelid and parting the lower
eyelid down. The patient should face the light. If the foreign body is seen, it can
be wiped off with the moistened corner of a handkerchief, cloth or cotton swab.
(d) If foreign body is fixed to the eye-ball, patient should be sent to the
hospital with a light eye bandage.
Ques 7 - What is the first aid treatment for foreign body in nose?
Ans
(a) Blowing the nose and sneezing may expel the foreign body.
(b) Make the casualty breath through the mouth.
(c ) Do not try to remove the foreign body.
(d) Send the patient to the nearest hospital

Ques 8 - What is the first aid treatment for drowning?
Ans (a) Wet clothes should be loosened.
(b) Mouth, throat and nostrils should be cleaned of mucus and of any foreign
body.
(c ) Patient should be made to lie down over his belly , face down , head
turned to one side , arms stretched beyond the head, tongue pulled out.
(d) Artificial respiration should be given till he starts breathing.
(e) Cover the patient with a blanket.
Ques 9 - What is the first aid treatment in case of electric shock?
Ans
(a) Switch off or break the current if possible.
(b) Remove the casualty from contact with the current, if possible. Stand on
some insulating material such as rubber soled shoes or boots or piles of
newspapers.
(c ) Give artificial respiration.
(d) Treat for shock and burns.
SECTION -5
DRESSING OF WOUNDS
Ques 1 - What is the classification of wounds?
Ans - (a) Inside Wound

(b) Lacerated Wound.
(c) Punctured Wound.
(d) Gun Shot Wound.
(e) Shell Wound.
(f) Contusion.
Ques 2 – What is the first aid of wounds?
Ans - a) Place the patient in comfortable position.

(b) Stop the bleeding, if any.
(c) Remove any foreign body if it is easily visible and can be easily removed.
(d) Prevent the entry of germs by applying sterilized dressing like first field or
shell dressing.
(e) Give rest to the part by sling.
(f) Immobilize the part, if wound is large or complicated by fracture.
(g) Treat the patient for shock.
(h) Send the patient to nearest hospital.
SECTTION-6
YOGA: INTRODUCTION AND EXERCISES
Ques 1 – What are the benefits of yoga?
Ans - (a) It removes stress, strain, tension and anger.
(b) Yoga harmonizes all disturbances in the body and eradicates ill effects
completely.
(c) It brings efficiency and mental clarity.
(d) A person who develops his power of thoughts through Yoga has charming
and dynamic personality.
(e) Yoga helps in purifying the disrupted natural rhythm and harmony of the
body, bestows grace, heals and makes one free from all ill effects.
SECTION-7
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH

Ques 1 – Define physical health?
Ans - Physical health is absence of disease and infirmity and it is assessed by taking
health state measurements of the body.
Ques 2 – Define mental health?
Ans - Mental health refers to the successful performance of mental function, resulting
in productive activities, fulfilling relationship with other people, ability to adopt to change
and cope up with adversities.
Ques 3 - What are the elements of Good Health?
Ans - (a) Absence of disease.
(b) Ability to work hard with efficiency and enthusiasm.
(c) Ability to endure stress and strain.
(d) Cheerfulness.
(e) Courage.
(f) Freedom from anxiety.
(g) Self control and self confidence.
(h) Sense of well being.
(j) Wholesome mental attitude.
Ques 4 - What are the characteristics of healthy mind?
Ans Characteristics of healthy mind are:-
(a) Normal appetite.
(b) Calmness.
(c) Cheerful outlook.
(d) Good temper.
(e) Socially acceptable habits.
(f) Well regulated instincts.
(g) Normal physical vitality.
(h) Receptivity to new ideas.
(j) Sex consciousness
Ques 5 - What measures will ensure mental health?

Ans .(a) Favourable home and school environment.
(b) Regular medical examination.
(c) Provision of educational and vocational guidance.
(d) Provision of co-curricular activities
SECTION-8
FRACTURES, TYPES AND TREATMENT

Ques 1 - Define fracture?

Ans - Fracture is a discontinuity or break in a bone, resulting in the dissolution of
the supporting frame work of the body.
Ques 2 - What are the first aid measures for fractures?

Ans - The first aid measures are as under:-
(a) Reassure the patient and make him comfortable.

(b) Apply splints to immobilize the fracture with any common article like
stick, rifle etc.
(c) Relieve him of discomfort and pain. Keep the patient warm.
(d) Do not meddle with the fracture.
Ques 3 - What is the first aid for dislocation?

Ans (a) Do not try to reduce the dislocation.
(b) Tie sling or bandage to immobilize the joint, apply cold compress to
reduce the swelling.
(c) Send the patient to the nearest hospital for early treatment.
SECTION-9
EVACUATION OF CASUALTIES
Ques 1 - How to prioritize causalities for treatment?

Ans (a) Priority I – cases requiring resuscitation and urgent surgery.
(b) Priority II – cases requiring early surgery and possibly resuscitation.
(c) Priority III – All other casualties who require minor treatment.
--xx--

ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
Q 1 : What do you understand by adventure training?
Ans: The training given to the cadets/ youth by the NCC to develop the quality of
leadership, self-confidence, determination and feelings of team spirit.
Q 2: Why NCC conducts the adventure activities?
Ans: To inculcate the quality of leadership & determination in the cadets.
Ques 3 – What are the various land base adventure activities?
Ans - (a) Mountaineering.

(b) Mountaineering Expeditions.
(c) All India Treks.
(d) Cycle and Motor Cycle Expedition.
Ques 4 – What are the various Naval activities?
Ans - (a) Sailing expedition.

(b) Scuba Diving.
(c) Boat pulling.
(d) Wind surfing.
(e) Kayaking.
Ques 5 – What are the various air based activities?
Ans - (a) Para Sailing

(b) Slithering
(c) Para jumps
Ques 6. What are the aims of adventure activities?
Ans - (a) To develop and enhances the spirit of adventure which is inherent in all human
beings.
(b) Inculcate self reliance, confidence, discipline and leadership qualities.
(c) Promote Co-operation and team spirit.
(d) Spread the achievements of NCC and it's importance to remote areas.

SECTION 2
TREKKING
Ques 1 – What are the aims of trekking?
Ans - (a) Inculcate a spirit of adventure, exploration, inquisitiveness and practical

investigation.
(b) Develop stamina, endurance, self confidence, team spirit and esprit-de-
corps.
(c) Develop love for nature and concern for environmental cleanliness.
(d) Promote National Integration.
SECTION 3
CYCLE EXPEDITION: PLANNING, ORGANISATION & CONDUCT

(JD/JW Cadets Only)
Ques 1 – What are the types of cycle expeditions?
Ans (a) To places outside the state.

(b) Places of historical and religious importance.
(c) Places of natural beauty.
(d) Distant countryside I remote places
(d) To visit certain historical places.

Ques 2 - What all points should be borne in mind while planning a cycle expedition?
Ans (a) Realistic -and not over ambitious.

(b) Physical standards of cadets.
(c) Financial constraints.
(d) Number of cadets.
(e) Selection of route and halts.
(f) Logistic plan.
(g) Selection of cadets.
(h) Collection of information.
(j) Liaison with civilian I military authorities.

SECTION 4
PARASAILING EQUIPMENT & CONDUCT

Ques 1 – What is the basic equipment required for papa sailing?
Ans (a) Para sail canopy.

(b) Harness.
(c) Two ropes.
(d) Two Yoke.
(e) Release Mechanism.
(1) The prime Mover (jeep or motor launch).
Ques 2 – What all crew are required for para sailing?
Ans - (a) Controller

(a) Tow Crew
(b) Launch crew
(c) End Helper
Ques 3 – What all precautions must be taken during para sailing?
Ans - (a) All the equipment brought for use is in serviceable condition.
(b) The course/track is smooth for the vehicle run and no obstacle exist on it Le. Trees,
poles, electric lines, telephone lines etc.
(c) A dummy practice launch should always be carried out.
(d) No launch is to be made when winds are turbulent or dusty.
(e) All the members responsible for conducting para sailing are conversant of their
duties.
(f) Take off should always be made directly into the wind.
(g) The canopy will be thoroughly checked for any damage.
(h) At take off, if the para sailor trips or falls, the vehicle will be stopped immediately.
(j) In case para sailor rotates or swings more than 45 degrees, the vehicle will be
slowed and landing procedure will be carried out.
(k) The damaged para sail I canopy should not be used.

(I) Helmet must be used by the para sailor.

CHAPTER 10
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
SECTION 1-WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT?
Ques 1. Define environment?
Ans - The conditions in which an organism exists make up its environment.
Ques 2. What are the affects of environment degradation?
Ans – (a) Global warming.
(b) Acid Rain

(c) Depletion of ozone layer.
Ques 3. What is the role of NCC cadets towards environmental degradation?
Ans – NCC Cadets can take following actions to curb environmental degradation: -
(a) Tree plantation.

(b) Guide and motivate family and friends to control environmental
degradation.
(c) Water conservation
(d) Disposal of waste
(e) Educate the people
SECTION 2-WHAT IS ECOLOGY?
Ques 1. Define ecology?
Ans - The science which deals with the study of the eco-system is called ecology.
Ques 2 – What is green house affect?
Ans - It is the effect arising due to increased carbon dioxide content and increase in
global temperature and depletion of ozone layer due to chlorofluorocarbons used, poses
the greatest threat to the very existence and survival of human beings and flora and
fauna around the globe.
SECTION 3- CONSERVATION OF ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
Ques 1. What measure the youth should adopt to check environmental degradation?
Ans - Following measures must be taken by youth : -

(a) Keeping air, land, rivers, and water bodies clean and natural.
(b) Tree plantation and stoppage of indiscriminate felling of trees.
(c) Prevention of wastage and over-use of all natural resources.
(d) Re-using industrial wastes.
(e) Consumption of non-renewable resources by using renewable resources

as far as possible.
(f) Modern sewage disposal techniques.
(g) Restrictions on using chemical substances and toxins harmful to soil, water
and air.
(h) Fumes, smoke and exhaust gases to be rendered harmless by innovative

design of machinery and technology.
(j) Treatment of effluents.
(k) Observing strict emission levels.
(l) Elimination of nuclear waste.
(m) All waste to be biodegradable.
(n) Non-biodegradable waste to be recycled.
(o) Water bodies to be kept chaste.
(p) Protection of nature in all forms.
(q) Protection of all life-forms.
(r) Strict policies, regulations and incentives for protection and conservation of
nature and life-forms.
(s) Impetus to Research and Development for environment-friendly

technology.
(t) All development involving the bio-sphere to be environment-friendly with

ecological harmony or “Economic Development on Ecological Principles”
(u) Management of environmental pollution, at all levels including homes,

such as smoke, use of sprays, garbage disposal, non-bio-degradable waste,
water pollution.
(v) Protection of wild life.

(w) Checking human population explosion.
(x) Cleanliness drives for rivers, water-bodies and soil (to remove non-bio-
degradable).
(y) Ensuring environmentally rational behaviour in oneself and others.
(z) Developing environmental consciousness amongst common people

through classroom instructions, posters and hoardings, public and media
campaigns.
SECTION 4- POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL
Ques 1. Define pollution?
Ans - Pollution is defined as imbalance in the atmosphere caused by pollutants.
Ques 2 – What are the various kinds of pollution?
Ans - It is of following kinds : -
(a) Land Pollution

(b) Air Pollution
(c) Water Pollution
(d) Sound Pollution
Ques 3 – How is water pollution caused?
Ans - It is caused by following means: -
(a) Discharge of domestic waste.

(b) Discharge of industrial waste
(c) Discharge of agricultural waste
Ques 4 - What measures the NCC cadets adopt to control pollution?
Ans - (a) To develop consciousness among common people to control all pollution.
Plant more and more trees.
(b) The use of loud horns or mindless blowing of horns by motor vehicles
should be banned.
(c) The water bodies should not be used as waste reservoirs.
(d) Various sources of drinking water, and water resources should be well
protected so that dirty water does not enter these water bodies.

(e) Environmental education should be made compulsory in all educational
institutions.
(f) Excessive use of pesticides and insecticides should be avoided.
(g) In all towns and cities there should be proper arrangement of dustbins to
collect garbage being produced in the houses.
(h) In the factories strict precaution should be instituted to avoid pollution of

various types.
(j) Running of old and pollution emitting vehicle should be banned.
(k) The pollution control Administrative Authorities must have independent

powers to implement their decisions
SECTION 5- FOREST ECOLOGY AND POLLUTION

Ques 1 - What is the importance of forests?
Ans - Forests are our natural resources. They have a vital role in maintaining a
balanced & healthy eco-system. Forests help in global recycling of water, oxygen,
carbon-dioxide and nitrogen in a balanced way.
Ques 2 – What is the influence of forests on ecology and pollution?
Ans - (a) Forests control the pollution of all types and maintains healthy eco-system.
(b) Maintains balance between the oxygen and carbon dioxide for quality
environment.
(c) Carbohydrates synthesised by the forest plants are a major source of

energy consumed by herbivores feeding on plants and carnivores feeding on
herbivores.
(d) Checks floods, draught and soil erosion.
(e) Forests control humidity of the environment and regulate the weather
conditions.
(f) Forests bring down the temperature and maintain favourable weather
conditions.
(g) The forests protect balance between flora and fauna, thus keep the
balance in nature.

SECTION 6- WILD LIFE
Ques 1 - What is the main reasons for extinction of certain plant and animal species?
Ans - (a) Destruction of their natural habitats

(b) Over-grazing by domestic animals
(c) Poaching for meat, skin, fur, ivory, rhino horn etc.
(d) Export of some species.
Ques 2 – How to manage and protect the wild life in India?
Ans - (a) Protection of natural habitats through control of exploitation.
(b) Maintenance of protected areas like parks, sanctuaries, reserve forests.
(c ) Protection through legislation .
(d) Impose restrictions on export of rare plants and animals.
(e) Encourage Non-Government Organisations to participate in protection of

wild life.
(f) Spread general awareness among the masses.

CHAPTER-XI
SELF DEFENCE
SECTION-1
PRECAUTIONS AND GENERAL BEHAVIOUR OF

BOY AND GIRL CADETS
(JD/JW Cadets Only)
Ques 1 – What precautions should be taken by boys and girl cadets so that their
conduct is never questionable?
(a) Realize their responsibilities and become role model for the youth.
(b) Keep away from drugs, alcohol and tobacco.
(c) Must keep good company.
(d) Develop healthy hobbies like reading, music, painting, gardening etc.
(e) Do not waste your time.
Ques 2 – What should be the general behaviour of NCC cadets?
Ans - It should be as under : -
(a) They should be strictly disciplined, peaceful, friendly and co-operative.

(b) Have a sense of healthy competitiveness and remain free of jealousy
(c) Maintain positive attitude and have mutual respect.
(d) Boys should never indulge in eve teasing.
(e) All must behave elegantly.
Ques 3 – What are the good habits which NCC cadets must imbibe?
(a) Rising early.

(b) Prayers.
(c) Morning exercise/PT.
(d) Cleaning-up and Breakfast.
(e) School/College/ studies(as applicable).
(f) Mid-day meal.
(g) Afternoon short rest /studies.
(h) Evening sports.

(j) Relaxation (watching TV, reading informative books and magazines,
newspapers).
(k) Studies.
(l) Dinner.
(m) Cleaning and change.
(n) Adequate sleep at night.
SECTION-2
PREVENTION OF UNTOWARD INCIDENTS

Ques 1 – What are various untoward incidents plaguing the society which must be
prevented by cadets?

(a) Road Safety
(b) Pick-pocketing, Hooliganism, Theft and Robbery
(c) Eve-Teasing, Molestation and Sexual – Harassment
(d) Smoking and Alcoholism.
Ques 2 - How to avert road accidents?
Ans - (a) walk carefully on the roads.

(b) Follow all safety rules.
(c) Take into account all signals.
(d) Start early to reach in time.
(e) Do not over-speed.
(f) Do not mix drinking and driving.
(g) Cross roads at zebra-crossing.
(h) Where there is no zebra crossing, one should look towards both sides and
then cross.
(j) Hold children’s hands, when they are going to cross roads.
(k) Children must be taught all the road safety rules.
Ques 3 - How to prevent Pick-pocketing, Hooliganism, Theft and Robbery?
Ans - Following measures must be taken: -

(a) To prevent pick-pocketing, one should avoid travelling in crowded places,
and should try to carry little cash and valuables.
(b) Cadets should not indulge in hooliganism.
(c) If cadets see hooligans indulging in such activities, and if it is a small and
manageable group and cadets are in a large number, they can try for a peaceful
dispersion.
(d) If the incident cannot be controlled, cadets should report the same to
nearest police-station or to any law & order authority.
(e) Cadets must ensure prevention of robbery & theft and report any such
incidents to law and order authority.
(f) Cadets must make good contribution in prevention of such incidents in
their neighbourhood.
Ques 4 – How to discourage Eve -Teasing, Molestation and Sexual - Harassment ?
Ans -
(a) Cadets must abide by moral values right from young age.
(b) They must learn to respect dignity of opposite sex.
(c) Girls should dress up elegantly so that they don’t attract indecent remarks.
(d) Girls should avoid travelling alone in darkness.
(e) Work together with the opposite sex in a healthy environment.
(f) Boy cadets must understand that eve-teasing, molestation and sexual
harassment are criminal offences.
Ques 5 - How to discourage Drugs, Smoking and Alcoholism?
Ans - It must be ensured that: -
(a) Cadets should spend time with their families and should introduce their
friends to them.
(b) Cadets must understand that drug addiction, smoking and alcoholism are
health hazards, and social evils and these are to be avoided.
(c) Cadets must spread awareness and positive thinking in the society.
(d) Cadets must remember that laws are implemented severely to penalize
those found guilty of selling drugs or encouraging people to take drugs.
SECTION-3
VULNERABLE PART OF BODY

Ques 1- What are the vulnerable parts of the body?

Ans - Eyes, ears, temples, nose, mouth, chin, front and sides of throat, solar plexus,
abdomen, fork (testicles), knees and insteps. Base of skull, spine (specially cervical and
Lumber regions), kidneys, coccyx or testicles.
SECTION-4
PHYSICAL SELF DEFENCE/UAC
Ques 1 – What are the essential principles of unarmed combat?
Ans - (a) Ruthlessness
(b) Determined effort.
(c) Attack vulnerable parts of opponent.
(d) Efficiency of initial attack.
(e) Surprise and speed of attack.
(f) Retaining initiative.

CHAPTER-XII
POSTURE TRAINING
SECTION-1
AIM AND PRINCIPLES OF POSTURE

TRAINING AND ITS IMPORTANCE
Ques 1 – What is the object of posture training for NCC cadets?
Ans -
(a) Develop the personality of cadets.
(b) Build their physique and teach them correct postures.
(c) Make them more self-reliant.
(d) Coordinate body movements.
SECTION-2
ANATOMY AND RELATIONSHIP OF BODY SEGMENTS
Ques 1 – Define major joints, their location, direction of their movements and their
functions?
Ans - These are a under : -
S.No. Type Where Joined Directions Functions

movements of
(a) Ball & Hip Shoulder Forward Bending,
Socket Trunk Backward straight-ening,
sideways and rotation extending
(b) Condy-loid Head, Neck Wrist Forward Bending and
Fingers, Toes Backward straightening
sideways
(c) Hinge Elbow, Knee Forward Bending and
Ankle Fingers Backward straightening
(d) Pivot Fore-arm, Head, Around Rotation, right
Neck left, in and out
(e) Irregular Foot Hand Gliding In and out
movement

SECTION - 3
ANALYSIS OF GOOD POSTURE

Ques 1 – What are the basic points of correct posture?
Ans - These are as under ; -
(a) The body is held as tall as possible without strain.
(b) The head held correct and the chin slightly drawn in (vertical line-chin to
sternum).
(c) The shoulders are slightly posterior to the centre of gravity (Straight line
from shoulder to sternum).
(d) The chest is high (Sub-costal angle of the ribs at least at right angle).
(e) The abdomen is in (Abdomen flat).
(f) The spinal curves are not exaggerated (Gentle curves).
(g) The pelvis is tilted slightly upward in front and downward in back (55
degrees).
(h) The knees are straight but not still.
(j) The weight of the body falls back of the middle of the foot on the
longitudinal arches. The plumb line through the middle of the patella should fall
between the bases of the second and third toes.
(k) The body is free for movement without strain and with the least
expenditure of energy.
(l) The entire body is in the true anatomical position.
(m) The vital organs are free for most efficient function.
Ques 2 - How to attain the correct posture?
Ans - (a) The individual possesses sufficient strength and tone of the opposing
muscle groups.
(b) There is adequate organic vigour and the body is free from infection.
(c) There is sufficient strength of ligaments and muscles to permit correct

body position without undue strain on these ligaments or muscles.
(d) The individual knows what correct body mechanics is.

(e) The individual has had sufficient practice in the correct position. The
muscle sense of the correct position must be fully developed.
(f) The external conditions for maintaining correct body mechanics are
conducive to correct posture i.e. chairs must fit the body.
SECTION-4
CAUSES OF BAD POSTURE, REMEDIAL AND

PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Ques 1 – What are the various causes of bad posture?
(a) Due to Muscular and Organic Defects
(b) Lack of Nourishment.
(c) Fatigue Due to Over Work
(d) Due to Illness and Infections
(e) Due to Bad Habits.
(f) Due to Poor Hygiene.
SECTION-5
BALANCED ALIGNMENT AND EXERCISE

Ques 1- Describe balanced position when standing.
Ans - These are as under ; -
(a) Your knees will be free and easy, neither bent nor thrust back.
(b) Your hips will be under you neither leading nor thrust back.
(c) Your abdomen will be up and in, neither relaxed nor protruding.
(d) Your chest will be held up and easy, neither sagging nor too high and
leading.
(e) Your shoulder blades will be drawn down and flat on your back.
(f) Your arms will hang naturally and relaxed at your sides, neither rigid nor
too relaxed.
(g) Your trunk will be with in normal limits of curves, neither too straight and
flat nor too rounded and hollow and you will stretch your back straight upward
towards the crown of your head. Your head and chin will be easy and centre
over your trunk with chin held at right angles to front of your neck.
SECTION-6
BALANCED DIET
Ques 1 – Define balanced diet?
Ans - A diet is Balanced if it contains all the nutrients like Carbohydrates, Proteins,
Fats, Vitamins and Minerals in the correct ratio.
SECTION-7
CORRECT STANDING AND EXERCISES
Ques 1 – Define correct standing?
Ans - It is as under : -
(a) Weight of the body should be on both feet.

(b) Knees should be relaxed.
(c) Line of abdomen should be almost straight
(d) Pelvis should be held squarely over the base of support
(e) Chest over pelvis
(f) Shoulders resting easily over rib cage
(g) Head over shoulder
(h) Chin should be parallel to feet.
SECTION - 8
CORRECT WALKING AND EXERCISES

Ques 1 – Define correct walking?
Ans - While walking;
(a) Heel should be in contact with the ground

(b) Weight of the body should be transferred to the balls of feet
(c) Inner line of feet should be straight,
(d) There should be no body bulge in front
(e) Heel cord seen in rear view is straight
(f) Not bent inward at ankle level,
(g) Relaxed arm swing
(h) Feet swing forward parallel
(i) The body alignment is good.
--
--

SPECIALISED SUBJECTS
CHAPTER 1
ARMED FORCES
SECTION -1
BASIC ORGANIZATION OF ARMED FORCES
Ques 1 - What all major operations have been fought by Indian Army since
independence?
Ans - (a) Kashmir Operations against Pakistan 1947-48.
(b) Sino- Indian Operations in NEFA (Arunanchal) and Laddakh 1962.
(c) Indo-Pak war 1965.
(d) Indo – Pak war 1971.
(e) Kargil conflict 1999.
Ques 2 - What are names of Army commands?
Ans - (a) Northern Command

(b) Western, Command
(c) Central Command
(d) Southern Command
(e) South Western Command
(f) Eastern Command
(g) Training Command
Ques 3 - Name the fighting arms?
Ans - (a) Armour

(b) Infantry
(c) Mechanized infantry
Ques 4 - Name the Supporting arms?
Ans - (a) Artillery

(b) Engineers
(c) Army Air Defence
(d) Army Aviation corps
(e) Signals

Ques 5 – Name the supporting services of the Army?
Ans (a) Army Service Corps
(b) Army Medical Corps
(c) Army Ordnance Corps
(d) Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers
(e) Remount and Veterinary Corps.
(f) Army Education Corps
(g) The Intelligence Corps
(h) The Corps of Military Police
(h) Judge Advocate General Branch
(k) Army Physical Training Corps
(l) The Pioneer Corps
(m) Defence Security Corps
Ques 6 – Name the various commands of the Navy?
Ans - (a) Western Naval Command with HQ at Mumbai.
(b) Eastern Naval Command with HQ at Vishakhapatnam.
(c) Southern Naval Command with HQ at Cochin.
Ques 7 – Name the various commands of Air Force?
Ans - (a) Western Air Command.
(b) Central Air Command
( c) Eastern Air Command.
(d) South Western Air Command.
(e) Southern Air Command.
(f) Training Command.
(g) Maintenance Command.

SECTION-2
BADGES AND RANKS

Ques 1 - Name officers’ ranks of Army in ascending order?
Ans - (a) Lieutenant

(b) Capt
(c) Major
(d) Lieutenant Colonel
(e) Colonel
(f) Brigadier
(g) Major General
(h) Lieutenant General
(i) General
(j) Field Marshal
Ques 2 - Name officers’ ranks of Air Force descending order?
Ans - (a) Marshal of the Air Force

(b) Air Chief Marshal
(c) Air Marshal
(d) Air Commodore
(e) Group Captain
(f) Wing Commander
(g) Squadron Leader
(h) Flight Lieutenant
(i) Flying Officer
Ques 3 - Name officers’ ranks of Navy in ascending order?
Ans - (a) Sub Lieutenant

(b) Lieutenant
(c) Lieutenant Commander
(d) Commander
(e) Captain
(f) Commodore
(g) Rear Admiral
(h) Vice Admiral
(i) Admiral
(j) Admiral of the fleet
SECTION-3
HONOURS AND AWARDS

Ques 1 –Name the gallantry awards in the face of the enemy?
Ans - (a) Param Vir Chakra.

(b) Maha Vir Chakra.
(c) Vir Chakra.
(d) Sena, Nao Sena and Vayu Sena Medal.
(e) Mention in Dispatches.
(f) Chiefs of Staff Commendation Card.
Ques 2 –Name the gallantry awards other than in the face of the enemy?
Ans (a) Ashoka Chakra.

(b) Kirti Chakra.
(c) Shaurya Chakra
Ques 3 – Name the NCC awards for NCC personals?
Ans – NCC awards to WTLOs, ANOs,GCIs and NCC Cadets are as under: -
(a) Raksha Mantri’s Padak. .
(b) Raksha Mantri’s Prashansa Patra.
(c) Raksha Sachiv’s Prashansa Patra.
(d) Maha Nideshak’s Prashansa Patra. .
(e) Maha Nideshak’s Prashansa Patra To Civilian Personnel
SECTION-4
CONCEPT OF COMBINED DEFENCE SERVICES

Ques 1 – What is the concept of combined defence services?
Ans – (a) The concept of three dimensional warfare or combined operations

wherein the three wings of the armed forces i.e. Army, Navy and Air Force,
have to operate as a single cohesive force against the enemy, is the
norm of the day.
(b) officers among the three services during various training course, sand
model discussion and exercises at various levels is very useful in
understanding the working ethos of other services
(c) Currently Integrated Command having all the three services under its
wing is established at Port Blair to institutionalize the concept of three
dimensional warfare

CHAPTER-II
MAP READING
SECTION-1
INTRODUCTION TO MAP AND

CONVENTIONAL SIGNS
Ques 1 – What is map?
Ans - A map is representation of selected natural and man made features of the
whole or part of the earth’s surface on a flat sheet of paper on a definite scale
and in their correct relative geographic positions and elevations.
Ques 2 – What is conventional sign?
Ans - Conventional signs are symbols used to represent certain artificial or natural
features/objects on the map. They are seldom drawn to scale.
SECTION-2
SCALES
Ques 1 - What is scale?
Ans - By scale it means the proportion which the distance between two points on the
map bears to the distance between the same two points on the ground
Ques 2 – What are the common scales used in survey of India maps?
Ans - (a) 16 inches to 1 Mile 1/3960

(b) 4 inches to 1 mile 1/15840
(c) 2.53 inches to 1 mile 1/25000
(d) 1 inch to 1 mile 1/63360
(e) ½ inch to 1 mile 1/126720
(f) ¼ inch to 1 mile 1/253440
(g) 16 miles to 1 inch (Approx) 1/1000000
(h) 32 miles to 1 inch (Approx) 1/2000000

SECTION 3
TOPOGRAPHICAL FORMS AND TECHNICAL TERMS
Ques 1 – Define important technical terms used in map reading?
Ans (a) Bearing - The angle formed by a line joining two points and
the North and South line. Bearings are always
measured clockwise.
(b) Bench Mark - A permanent mark usually cut into a wall recording
exact height for future reference, marked BM with
the height on Ordnance Survey Maps.
(c) Contours - A line drawn on the map joining up all points of
equal height above sea level.
(d) Gradient - The slope of a hill expressed as a fraction.
(e) Grid Lines - Lines running parallel to and at right angles to a

North and South line through approximately the
centre of the area covered by the grid system.
(f) Grid North - Except through the origin, grid lines do not lie true
North and South or East and West, Grid North is the
direction of the North South grid lines on a map.
(g) Magnetic - The difference between true North & Magnetic

Variation North.
(h) Setting - Placing a map so that North on the map points

toward the North so that the objects on the map
are placed in relationship to the same objects on
the ground.
(j) Trig Point - A point fixed during the triangulation at the

beginning of a survey, marked on Ordance
Survey Maps by a small triangle with the
height.
(k) True North - The direction of the North Pole from the point.
Ques 2 – Define important Topographical terms used in map reading?
Ans (a) Basin - An area of fairly level ground surrounded by hills or

the area drained by a river and its distributaries.
(b) Col or Saddle - A narrow ridge of high land joining up to higher

hills.

(c) Crest - The highest part of a hill or mountain range. It is

that line on a range of hills or mountains from
which the ground slopes down in opposite
directions.
(d) Dead Ground - Ground which by reason of undulations or hills is

not visible to the observer.
(e) Defile - Any feature whether natural or artificial which

could cause a body of troops to contract its front.
An example of a natural defile is mountain pass
while a bridge is an example of an artificial defile.
(f) Escarpment - The steep hill side formed by a sudden drop in the
general ground level usually from a plateau.
(g) Knoll - A small isolated hill.
(h) Plateau - A table land, an elevated region of considerable

extent generally fairly level.
(j) Ridge - The line along a hill or range of hills or mountains

from which water flows in opposite directions, a
divide, sometimes and the crest of a line of hills as it
appears along the horizon.
(k) Watershed - The line separating the water flowing into two
different river systems, the edge of a river basin.
SECTION-4
THE GRID SYSTEM
Ques 1 - Define grid line?
Ans - A map is covered with a net work of purple lines, some running North and South
and other West and East. These form a series of small squares all over the map.
These lines are known as “Grid Lines”.
Ques 2 - What are the basic rules for giving grid reference?
Ans - (a) A reference must always contain an even number of figures. In the
normal method, it will contain six figures.
(b) Always count along the EASTING lines first from WEST to EAST and then
from SOUTH to NORTH, along NORTHINGS.

(c) For the six figures reference, the third and the sixth figure represent the
divisions of 1000 yards square to the nearest 10th part, so they have to be
estimated and for these figures a slight latitude is allowed.
(d) If a general grid reference is to be given or there is only one such object in
one square e.g. bridge, temple, road, junction, then a four figure grid reference
would suffice.
SECTION 5
RELIEF CONTOURS AND GRADIENTS
Ques 1 - Define Relief?
Ans - Relief is a name used to describe the rise and fall of the ground or in other words
the hills and valleys.
Ques 2 - Define Vertical interval, Horizontal equivalent and gradient.
Ans - (a) Vertical Interval(VI) - The rise between successive contour lines is
known as the vertical interval. On map scale 1 inch to 1 mile, the VI of each
contour line is 50 feet while on the ¼ inch to a mile it is 250 feet.
(b) Horizontal Equivalent - The distance measured flat on the map

between adjacent contour lines is horizontal equivalent (HE).
(c) Gradient - A gradient is a slope expressed as a fraction. If we say that

a slope has a gradient of 1 inch to 7 we mean for every 7 feet of horizontal
distance the slope rises or falls 1 foot vertically. Simple Formula is VI/HE =
Gradient. The horizontal equivalent is obtained by measuring on the map and
vertical interval by subtracting the contour heights.
SECTION 6
CARDINAL POINTS AND FINDING NORTH
Ques 1 - What are various types of North?
Ans - (a) True North - The direction of North pole from the observer.
(b) Magnetic North- It is the point to which an accurate compass needle

points, when freely suspended.
(c) Grid North - It is the direction to which the North South grid
lines on a map point.

Ques 2 - Explain magnetic variation with diagram?
Ans -
Magnetic North
`
True North
Magnetic
Variation
Magnetic variation
SECTION-7
TYPE OF BEARINGS AND USE OF SERVICE PROTRACTOR
Ques 1 - Define various types of bearings?
Ans - (a) Bearing - The clock wise angle formed by a straight line joining two points
and direction of NORTH, is called the bearing between the two points. A bearing
is always measured clockwise.
(b) Grid Bearing. Measured on the map from the Grid North by the help of
a protractor.
(c) Magnetic Bearing. Measured from Magnetic North by the compass.
(d) True Bearing. Calculated by finding out the relation of true NORTH and
Grid NORTH or Magnetic NORTH.
Ques 2 – How too convert magnetic bearing to a True bearing? Explain with the help of
a diagram.
Ans - Suppose the bearing of a certain point P is measured with a compass and is
found to be 160 Degrees. To convert this magnetic bearing to a true bearing, draw a
diagram as given in Fig below.

First draw a vertical line to represent Magnetic North (because it is a magnetic bearing
which is being considered). Next draw a line to P at an angle of 160 degrees. It is only
a rough diagram, and the angle can be judged by eye. Thirdly, draw in the true North
line approximately 11 degrees East of Magnetic North, with this diagram it becomes
clear that true bearing (marked with a dotted line) is smaller by 11 degrees. Therefore,
the true bearing of P is 149 degrees.
Ques 3 – How too convert magnetic bearing to a True bearing? Explain with the help of
a diagram.
Ans - Measuring with a protractor on the map, the bearing of a Wind Mill at Y from a
Church at X is found to be 120 degrees. To convert this grid bearing to a magnetic
bearing, draw a diagram as under, this time starting with the Grid North line. Since the
magnetic bearing is larger than the grid bearing by 11 degrees and it is therefore 131
degrees. See the diagram below: -

Ques 4 – What are the usage of service protector?
Ans - (a) Plot and measure bearing on paper or on a map. For bearing between 0
and 180 degrees their Zero edge must be on the LEFT and for 180 degrees -360
degrees it must be on the RIGHT.
(b) Measure distance in inches correct unto 1/100th.
(c) Measure distance in yards, meters or miles on a map by using the

appropriate scale.
(d) For using the diagonal scale one must use an intermediate agent. Mark
off the distance to be measured on the straight edge of a paper or by means of a
divider and then put the paper or divider on the diagonal scale and measure.
SECTION-8
PRISMATIC COMPASS, ITS USE AND

INTRODUCTION TO GPS
Ques 1 – What are the types of compass?
Ans - Compass is of two types as under : -
(a) Dry Type

(b) Liquid Type
Ques 2 – What are the various parts of a liquid compass?
Ans These are as under: -

Ques 3 – What is Global Positioning System (GPS)?
Ans GPS is a system of satellites and receivers that allows people and devices to pin
point their precise location on the earth. The normal GPS operational constellation
consists of 24 satellites that orbit the earth in 12 hours.
Ques 4 – What are the usage of GPS)?
Ans - (a) Used by fishermen and hikers.

(b) Used by civilian & para military vehicles to navigate their route.
(c) Used by defense aircrafts, ships and specialized vehicles.
(d) Used in defense in battle fields and insurgency-affected areas.
(e) It assists troops to navigate in thick jungles, mountains and deserts.
(f) GPS is also used to guide missiles to pre specified targets.

SECTION-9
SETTING A MAP, FINDING OWN POSITION AND NORTH
Ques 1 – When a map is considered to b e set?
Ans - A map is said to be set or oriented when it is placed such that it corresponds
directly with the ground i.e. when true NORTH on the map points to true NORTH on the
ground.
Ques 2 – What are the various methods to find North?
Ans - (a) Watch method.

(b) By stars
(c) From Idgah & Mosque
(d) From Sun
(e) Compass
(f) GPS
SECTION-10
MAP TO GROUND
Ques 1 – What are the methods used to identify objects from Map to ground?
Ans - (a) Bearing and Distance Method. With the help of bearing and distance,
find out own position. Find out the distance of the object to be identified on
ground with the help of a scale on the map. Using service protractor, find out the
bearing of the object and convert it into magnetic bearing. Set the magnetic
bearing on compass and look for the object in the given bearing. Estimating the
distance on ground, the object will be identified.
(b) Direction and Distance Method. Draw a line on the map between own
position and object to be identified. Calculate its distance and using any of the
following methods find the direction of the object:-
(i) With the help of a sight rule find the ground direction of the object.
(ii) With the help of two points on the map estimate the ground
direction.
(iii) Place a foot ruler /pencil at own position and align it with line of
the map.
(iv) Place a pin each at own position and at the object on the map.
Align both pins and find general direction.

(c) By Estimation Method. In this method measuring bearing, distance and
direction, object is identified with the help of other details in the proximity of the
object.
SECTION-11
GROUND TO MAP
Ques 1 – What is the intersection method of identifying objects from ground to map?
Ans - Intersection Method. To find out the objects which are at a larger distance or in
hilly terrain, intersection method is used. In this method help of minimum two prominent
objects are taken which can be easily identified on the ground. Lines are drawn from the
prominent objects to the object to be identified on map. This method is used when we
cannot estimate exact distance. Intersection is done in two ways:-
(a) By Compass Bearing. Take the bearing of the object from two known
prominent objects. Draw the lines on the map. The object will be in the proximity
of the intersection of the two lines. Magnetic bearing is found by two methods:-
(i) By Compass. Take the forward bearing from known object.
(ii) By Back Bearing. In war, in case we intercept the enemy’s

transmission, with the help of the fall of the shot we can find out the
location by working out back bearing.
SECTION-12
POINT TO POINT MARCH
Ques 1 – What is night march?
Ans - When a navigation party moves at night with the help of compass and night
march chart, this is called night march.
Ques 2 – What all items are required by navigation party?
Ans - (a) Set compass as per bounds.

(b) Luminous stick.
(c) White cloth.
(d) Marching chart.
(e) White lime/ chalk.
(f) Stone pebbles for measuring steps.
(g) Frosted torch.
Ques 3– What is the composition of navigation party?

Ans - (a) Guide. He carries a luminous stick and a compass set to a given bearing.
(b) Assistant Guide. He has a white piece of cloth at his back for
identification and a stick to measure depth of nala / pits.
(c) Recorder. He carries additional compass already set on given bearing,

night march chart and stone pebbles. He measures the distance.
(d) Scouts. Number of scouts could be from 2 to 4 depending upon the route
and tasks.
Ques 4 - What points should be kept in mind by all members of navigation party?
Ans - (a) While marching do not cough, talk or make any noise.
(b) While marching keep inter person distance in mind.
(c) Party must ensure safety and security.
(d) Smoking / using any kind of light is strictly prohibited.
(e) To read night march chart use frosted torch.
--xx--

CHAPTER-III
FIELD ENGINEERING
SECTION-1
INTRODUCTION TO FIELD ENGINEERING

Ques 1- Define Field engineering?
Ans - Field engineering is the study of field fortification, obstacle planning including
minefields, mine warfare, and stores and equipment relating to the same.
Ques 2 – What are the various tasks performed by Field Engineers?
Ans - (a) Laying of mine fields.

(b) Breaching of mine fields.
(c) Construction of field defences.
(d) Construction of tracks in mountains.
(e) Construction / maintenance of border roads.
(f) Water supply to troops in the field, especially in deserts.
(g) Construction of Helipads where-ever required.
(h) In Counter Insurgency Operation:-
(i) Detection, neutralisation and removal of IEDs and explosives.
(ii) Road opening etc for all type of traffic.
(j) Maintenance of essential services.
SECTION-2
KNOTS AND LASHINGS

Ques 1 - What is the purpose of Knots?
Ans - Knots, bends and hitches are used to join two lashings together, to form a
loop in a lashing, to make a stop on a lashing or to secure a lashing to a spar, or to
make a hook.
Ques 2 – What is the characteristics of Knots?
Ans - (a) Knot should be strong so that it does not open due to pull and pressure.
(b) Knot should be in conformity to work and simple to use.

(c) Knots should be opened easily.
Ques 3 – What are the various types of lashes?
Ans - (a) Square Lashes
(b) Diagonal lashes
(c) Parallel lashes
SECTION-3
TYPES OF MINES
Ques 1 – What is mine?
Ans - A mine is a weapon to be used with cunning and with the constant aim of
catching the enemy unawares.
Ques 2- What are the various types of mines?
Ans (a) Anti Tank Mines. Mines designed primarily against tanks are called anti
tank mines.
(b) Anti Personnel Mines. Mines designed primarily against personnel are
called anti personnel mines. They are further classified as follows:-
(aa) Blast type.
(ab) Fragmentation type.
(iii) Toxic Chemical Mines. Mines used to contaminate areas. The toxic
agent of each mine is dispersed by burster charges.
SECTION-4
TYPES OF OBSTACLES
Ques 1 – What is the purpose of obstacle?
Ans - (a) Delaying and disorganizing him under fire.

(b) Restricting his power of manoeuvre thereby canalizing him into a pre-
selected killing ground.
(c) Disorganizing his plan of attack.
(d) Making him waste time, labour and equipment in forcing a passage.
(e) Denying him the opportunity of achieving surprise.
(f) Lowering his morale.
Ques 2 – What are essential characteristics of obstacles?
Ans - (a) Must be strong and of sufficient depth to impose maximum delay to
enemy.
(b) Sited to fit in with coordinated plan; covered by fire and concealed to
achieve surprise.
(c) Constructed outside the hand grenade range.
(d) It must not;
(i) Obscure the fire or observation of the defender,
(ii) Afford cover to enemy ,
(iii) Reveal the exact position of the defence,
(iv) Hinder the mobility of the defender
(v) Permit the enemy reconnaissance without interference by the

defender.
Ques 3 – What are the various types of infantry obstacles?
Ans - (a) Artificial Obstacles.
(i) Wire obstacles.
(ii) Anti-personnel minefields.
(iii) Thorn fences.
(iv) Panji fields.
(v) Walls.
(vi) Ditches with or without water.
(b) Natural Obstacles.
(i) Marshes.
(ii) Rivers, nullahs and canals.
(iii) Unscalabe cliffs, escarpments and steep slopes.
(iv) Dense growth like tea or rhodendrous bushes.

Ques 4 – What are the various types of vehicles and anti tank obstacles?
Ans - (a) Anti-tank Minefields. These are dealt with in details in section dealing
with ‘Types and Laying of Minefields’.
(b) Physical Obstacles.
(i) Steep Slopes. Slopes of 50 degrees can stop tanks under

normal conditions. If the slopes are of loose slippery surface, even
lesser angel is sufficient. However the slops must be of sufficient
length.
(ii) Vertical Steps. A vertical step of 6 feet can be an effective

obstacle against all types of tanks.
(iii) Ditches. A ditch, which is sufficiently wide and deep to

make the nose of the tank tilt down so much that it loses hold on the
ground, is an effective obstacle.
(iv) Water. For a river or canal to be an obstacle against tanks it

must have depth more than tanks heights and length more than ¾ of
tanks length.
SECTION-5
METHOD OF WATER CROSSING

Ques 1 – What are the various kinds of improvised water crossing equipment?
Ans -(a) Groundsheet Water Belt.
(b) Tin Float.
(c) Two Men’s Equipment and Groundsheet.
(d) Bamboo Pole
(e) Chattis Water Wings
(f) Water Bottle Belt
(g) Drum Rafts.
(h) Bundle of Logs
(j) Bamboo Mat Raft
(k) Hay Bundle Raft

(l) Charpoy Raft

SECTION-6
USE OF EXPLOSIVES AND IMPROVISED

EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED)
Ques 1 – What are the main components of IED (improvised explosive device)?
Ans - (a) Explosive.
(b) Detonator.
(c) Initiating Mechanism.
(d) Power Source.
Ques 2 – Whre all the IED can be planted?
Ans - (a) Public areas (railway stations, bus stands and airports).
(b) Public Transport (bus, train, aero plane and ship).
(c) Public Utilities (library, offices and Industries).
(d) Military Installations (ammunition dump, fuel oil and lubrication dump and
supply depot).
(e) VIP vehicle.
(f) Along road / tracks, where VIP / security forces are likely to move.
(g) Places where large congregations are likely to take place.
(h) Places of religious worship.
(j) Important buildings e.g. Schools, colleges, hospitals and business centre,
government offices etc.
(k) Important bridges.
(l) Historical monuments.
Ques 3 - What are the indications of IED?
Ans - (a) Any unattended item.
(b) Unclaimed attractive items like cell phones, transistor, tape recorder etc.
(c) Any object out of place.

(d) Loose electric wire.
(e) Any antenna wire.

(f) Freshly dug earth.
(g) Dry grass / leaves, cow dung / garbage etc for camouflage.
(h) Broken road or freshly repaired road.
(j) Fresh plaster or painting.
Ques 4 - What are the Do’s with IED?
Ans - (a) Remain away from suspected object.

(b) Be aware of booby traps.
(c ) Warn the people about the suspected objects.
(d) Inform police / bomb disposal squad.
(e) Help police in crowd management and traffic control.
(f) Evacuate local population to a safe place.
Ques 5 - What are the Don’ts with IED?
Ans - (a) Do not believe unattended object to be safe.

(b) Do not handle suspected object.
(c) Do not panic on detection of IED.
(d) Do not think only one IED has been placed.
(e) Do not immerse suspected object in water.
(f) Do not spread rumours.
(g) Do not bunch up near the suspected object.
(h) Do not cut any wire.
(j) Do not make loud sounds near the IED.
(k) Do not light a fire near IED.
(l) Do not be in a hurry and try to become a dead hero.
SECTION-7
CAMOUFLAGE AND CONCEALMENT
Ques 1 – What is the aim of camouflage?

Ans - It is the concealment of man and equipment from enemy’s direct and indirect
observation.
Ques 2 - What are the various factors which aids recognition?
Ans - (a) Shape

(b) Shadow
(c) Silhouette
(d) Surface
(e) Spacing
(f) Movement
(g) Shine
(h) Position
(i) Contrast
(j) Noise, sound and activity.
Ques 3 - What are the fundamental ways of concealing activities?
Ans - Thse are as uder:-
(a) Hiding. It is complete concealment of an object by placing a screen

between the object and the observers.
(b) Blending. It is the arrangement of camouflage materials on, over and

around the object so that it appears to be part of the surroundings. The aim is to
prevent detection of the object by a change in natural appearance of the position.
(c) Deceiving. Deceiving simulates an object or disguises it so that it
appears to be different.
SECTION-8
TYPES OF MINE FIELDS
Ques 1 - What are the main functions of mine fields?
Ans (a) Delay and disorganize enemy attack and discourage his entering into our
defended positions.
(b) Force the attacker to select certain approaches or routes thereby luring
him into a place where he can be killed.
(c) Separate infantry from tanks.
(d) Deny close observation of main defences.
Ques 2 - What are the type of mine fields as per technical considerations?

Ans - (a) Anti Personnel. Containing only anti personnel mines and providing
protection only against an infantry attack.
(b) Anti Tank. Containing only anti tank mines and providing protection only
against an armoured attack.
(c) Mixed. Containing both anti tank and anti personnel mines and
providing protection against both infantry and armoured attack.
Ques – 3. – What are the tactical classification of the mine fields?
Ans - (a) Protective.

(b) Defensive.
(c) Tactical.
(e) Nuisance.
(f) Dummy.
SECTION-9
FIELD DEFENCE
Ques 1 – What points should be borne in mind while constructing field defences?
Ans -(a) Fire trenches should be close enough for the section commanders
orders to be heard during battle.
(b) Reverse slopes are a great aid to concealment and surprise, provided
the field of fire is sufficient.
(c) With the increasing efficiency of airburst missiles overhead protection is
important but needs good concealment and sound construction.
(d) In open country, crawl trenches may have to be dug to allow movement
between fire trenches.
Ques 2 – What are the various field fortifications?
Ans - (a) Bunker
(b) Communication Trench.
(c) Fire Trench.
(d) Pill Box.

(e) Shelter Trench
(f) Slit Trench
(g) Weapon Pit
CHAPTER-IV
FIELD CRAFT AND BATTLE CRAFT
SECTION-1
INTRODUCTION TO FIELD CRAFT

AND
BATTLE CRAFT
Ques 1 - Define Field craft?
Ans - Field Craft is an art of using the ground and the weapon available to the best of
one’s own advantages.
Ques 2 – What all subjects are included in Field craft?
Ans - (a) Description of Ground.
(b) Observation and concealment.
(c) Judging distance.
(d) Recognition and description of targets.
(e) Movement with and without Arms
Ques 3 – What are the advantages of battle craft?
Ans - Useful in tackling minor tactical problems without confusion but the basic
knowledge of field signals, section & platoon formations is essential.
Ques 4 What all subjects are included in Battle Craft?
Ans - (a) Field signals.
(b) Section formation
(c) Fire control orders.
(d) Fire and movements.
(e) Section battle drill.

FIELD CRAFT
SECTION-2
DESCRIPTION OF GROUND
Ques 1 - What are the various type of grounds?
Ans (a) Broken Ground. It is uneven and is generally interspersed with

nullahs, bumps and field in the ground. It is suitable for move of infantry and
hinders observation of activities.
(b) Flat and Open Ground. It is even ground with little cover e.g. bushes,
hedges and similar foliage. It is not suitable for move of Infantry by day.
(c) High Ground. Ground far above the general level of the area e.g. hill. It
facilitates domination of area around it by observation or fire or both.
(d) Dead Ground. Ground that is hidden from an observer’s view. It can
not be covered by flat.
Ques 2 – What is the procedure for description of ground?
Ans - (a) Fore Ground Up to 300 yards

(b) Middle Distance From 300 yards to 500 yards
(c) Distance Beyond 500 yards
Ques 3 - What is the procedure for indication of ground?
Ans - (a) General Line of Direction. Start by giving the general line of
direction by pointing out a centrally located, if possible, prominent land mark, e.g. No 1
section 500 RED HOUSE,
(b) Boundaries. After giving general line of direction give LEFT and RIGHT
boundaries of your area e.g.
(i) No. 1 section – Aadha baen 600 PILI JHONPRI nam JHONPRI
section ke baen wale jawan se JHONPRI tak ki line baen had.
(ii) Similarly indicate right boundary.
(iii) Dived the ground into fore ground, middle and distance. Having
done so start from LEFT to RIGHT systematically and describe.
(iv) In attack describe the ground nearest to you first i.e. foreground,
then middle and then distance, in defence reverse the procedure.

SECTION-3
OBSERVATION AND CONCEALMENT

Ques 1 - What is the importance of observation and concealment?
Ans - (a) A soldier who is trained in both can locate and kill his enemy without being
seen himself.
(b) Ground observation of enemy provides one of the most valuable sources
of information on which the plans of higher commanders are based.
(c) In defence good concealment enables a defender to mystify and deceive

the enemy and in the event of an attack repel the enemy by producing fire at
close range from an unexpected quarter.
Ques 2 - What are the fundamentals for correct use of cover?
Ans - (a) Whenever possible look through the cover and not over it.
(b) If it is not possible to look through the cover, look round it rather than over
it.
(c) It is necessary to look over the cover, avoid breaking straight line.
(d) The sky-line is the worst background you could choose, but if you can not
avoid observing over the cover and against the sky line, use something to break
your silhouette.
(e) When firing from inside a building keep well back making use of the
shadow.
(f) A rough, dark and irregular background which matches your clothing,
provides considerable cover from view.
(g) Isolated cover is dangerous because it will attract attention of the enemy
and can be easily indicated in a fire order.
(h) Avoid sky line.
(j) Avoid regular spacing.
(k) Avoid gaps for fire position.
(l) Cross gaps as a body and at irregular interval at the double.

SECTION 4
JUDGING DISTANCE
Ques 1 – What are the various methods of judging distance?
Ans - (a) Unit of measure.
(b) Appearance method.
(c) Section average.
(d) Key ranges.
(e) Halving.
(f) Bracketing
Ques 2 - When the distances are over-estimated?
Ans - (a) Light is bad.
(b) The sun is in the observer’s eye.
(c) The object is small in relation to its surroundings.
(d) Looking through a valley of narrow lane e.g. street.
(e) Lying down.
Ques 3 - When the distances are under-estimated?
Ans (a) The light is bright or the sun is shining from behind the observer.
(b) The object is large in relation to its surrounding.
(c) There is some dead ground between observer and the object.
(d) Looking up hill.
SECTION-5
RECOGNITION, DESCRIPTION AND

INDICATION OF TARGETS
Ques 1 - Define target and land mark?
Ans - (a) Target. It is an object which is indicated with a view to bring down fire on
it, whenever required.

(b) Landmarks. Landmark is an object which is indicated and used in the
embodiment of operation orders.
Ques 2 – Describe method of indication of easy target?
Ans - (a) Indication by Description. An obvious target can often be described

directly. For example ‘No. 1 Section BRIDGE’ Here BRIDGE is so obvious that
no body can make a mistake in recognizing it.
(b) Indication by Direction or Range or Both. In slightly less obvious

cases other aids should be used e.g. direction or range or both. An example of
each is given below:-
(i) Indication by Direction. No 1 Section BAEN BGHICHA.
(ii) Indication by Range. No 1 Section 600 BAGHICHA.
(iii) Direction and Range. When indicting a landmark indicate direction

first and than range e.g. BAEN-600, BAGHICHA.
Ques 3 - What is the sequence of targets?
Ans - The easy way to remember this sequence is to remember the word ‘GRAD’. The
sequence is as follows:-
(a) Designation of Group.
(b) Range.
(c) Aid.
(d) Description
Ques 4 – How to measure degree with hand?
Ans - Hand Angles. This is a rough method which is sufficiently accurate for
practical purposes. The various degree measurements are given in the diagrams below.
Remember to keep the left (LEFT) hand fully stretched and tilt it in the required direction.
As the size of hand varies considerably the figures given below are approximate only.
Each person should with the help of a degree scale check his hand for degrees.

SECTION-6
MOVEMENT WITH & WITHOUT ARMS

(ONLY FOR SW)
Ques 1 - What is the various methods of movement by Rifle and LMG?
Ans - (a) Crawling by Day with Rifle
(i) Monkey run.
(ii) Leopard crawl.
(iii) Walk.
(iv) Roll.
(b) Crawling by Day with LMG
(i) Knee crawl.
(ii) Side crawl.
(iii) Leopard crawl.
(c) Crawling by Night
(i) Ghost walk.
(ii) Cat walk.
(iii) Kitten crawl.
Ques 2 - What all points must be remembered while making movements?
Ans - (a) Move from cover to cover and make use of natural camouflage. Stop,
observe and listen from bound to bound and do not keep moving forward the
whole time.
(b) Watch your front and flanks.
(c) Crawl slows the movement and hiders observation, therefore crawl only
when you must. After crawling for some distance stop, listen and observe and
then crawl further.
(d) Weapons must always be kept ready for use.
(e) Look carefully and all round for enemy.

(f) Double across small gaps.
(g) If shot at, drop and crawl away to a side.
(h) Check equipment for noise.
(j) Always consider an alternative route.
(k) Do not disturb the birds, if this can be helped.
BATTLE CRAFT
SECTION-7
FIELD SIGNAL
Ques 1 – Describe various Hand signals?
Ans - These are tabulated as under : -

Ser Action Signal
No
(a) Deploy Right arm fully extended above head and waved from
side to side, palm open.
(b) Advance Right arm swung from rear to front in ‘under arm blowing’
fashion
(c) Halt Right arm raised to full extent above head
(d) Turn about Right arm raised and bent above head.
(e) Change Direction Right arm raised to front in line with shoulder. Body
then turned in required direction.
(f) Close Right hand place on top of head, elbow to the right.
(g) Quick Time Right hand raised to line of shoulder, elbow close to the
side.
(h) Double March Right fist clenched, moved up and down between thigh
and shoulder several times.
(j) Follow me Right arm swung from rear to front above the shoulder,
in ‘over arm bowling’ fashion.
(k) Last order Right hand to salute, then arm raised in air finger
completed extended.
(l) Last order Not Both hands, cupped behind the ears.
understood
(m) Commander to close Right arm to the side at 45 degrees to the body, first
clenched.
(n) Enemy in sight Both arms waved on sides ‘Bird fashion’ followed by
specific numbers number, indicated by number of fingers held up.
(o) Enemy Both hands open, palm inwards at waist level, with
Approaching inwards scooping motion.

(p) Enemy position Both hands, first clenched, raised to shoulder level,
suspected followed by indication of direction.
(q) Enemy LMG firing Right hand thumb down signal.
(r) Engage Target by Both hands clasped above the head (boxer fashion).
Fire
(s) Attack Punching motion with Right or Left hand according to
direction of attack.
(t) Closed to Close sign followed by both hands clasped in front of
Rendezvous body at waist level.
(u) Infantry obstacle Both hands crossed in front of body at the waist, palm
ahead open downwards.
Ques 1 – Describe various signals with weapon and whistle?
Ans
Signals With Weapons
3. (a) Enemy in Sight in Rifle held above the head parallel to the
small number ground, muzzle in the direction of the enemy.
(b) Enemy in Sight in As per (a) above, but arm moved up and
large number down several times.
(c) Advance Both arms raised to form the letter ‘U’.
Signals With Whistle
4. (a) Cautionary Blast A short blast to draw attention to a signal or
order about to be given.
(b) The Alarm Blast A succession of alternate long and short
whistle.
(c) Enemy Aircraft A succession of short blasts.
(d) Enemy Aircraft Two long blasts repeated at interval of five
departed second.

SECTION- 8
SECTION FORMATION
Ques 1 - What are the tactical groups of section?
Ans - (a) LMG group
(b) Rifle group.
Ques 2 – Describe various section formations along with advantages and

disadvantages?
Ans -
Ser
Formation Advantage Disadvantage
No
Good for control, not vulnerable to Bad for fire production,
enfilade fire, useful for moving vulnerable to frontal fire.
(a) Single File
along ditches, narrow defiles and
so on.
Good for control. Useful for moving Not good for fire production,
(b) File. along broad roads, wide nullahs vulnerable to frontal fire.
and so on.
Good for control, not vulnerable Present a good target to frontal
(c) Diamond. to enfilade fire, good for all round fire. Not very good for fire
fire production and observation. production to the front.
Good depth, not vulnerable to Control more difficult than in
frontal fire, good for fire diamond.
(d) Arrow-head production, probably the best
formation for crossing open
ground.
Good depth, less vulnerable to Control difficult. Delay in fire
Spread- enfilade fire than arrow head, production.
(e)
head LMG group not committed
immediately on contact.
The formation used in the final Control difficult. Very
Extended assault. Very good for fire vulnerable to enfilade fire, no
(f)
Line production (from the hip) and depth.
bayonet fighting.

SECTION-9
FIRE AND MOVEMENT
Ques 1 - What are the basic considerations for fire and movement?
Ans - (a) There should be no exposed ground without covering fire.
(b) Control by the commander.
(c) The angle of covering fire from direct firing weapons should be as
wide as possible without loss of control or time.
(d) Full use should be made of all available cover. When cover is
lacking the use of smoke (smoke grenade) should be considered.
(e) Full use should be made of all available weapons for covering fire.
Ques 2 – How the ground should be appreciated?
Ans - It should be appreciated under the following headings:-
(a) Fire positions.
(b) Observation positions.
(c) Cover from fire.
(d) Cover from view.
(e) Obstacles.
Ques 3 – What are the common mistakes in the use of ground?
Ans - (a) Carelessness by troops while making a reconnaissance, such as

unfolding a map in the open or not using a covered approach to an OP.
(b) Unnecessary movement in a position overlooked by the enemy.
(c) Using conspicuous landmarks such as isolated trees, bushes or

cottages.
(d) Halting troops near road or track junctions or other mapped features
which are always registered as targets by the enemy.
(e) Bad track discipline.

(f) Failure to guard against enemy air observation.
Ques 4 - What are the ideal points for selection of Fire positions?
Ans - (a) Provide cover from fire.
(b) Provide cover from view.
(c) Afford a good view of the ground to be watched or target to be engaged.
(d) Provide room in which to use the weapon freely.
(e) Have a covered approach.
(f) Be easy to advance from.
SECTION-10
SECTION BATTLE DRILL

Ques 1 – What are the stages of section battle drill?
Ans - The Section Battle Drill is divided into 4 stages.
(a) Stage – 1 – Action on coming under effective fire.

(b) Stage – II – Locating and neutralizing the enemy.
(c) Stage – III- Attack.
(d) Stage – IV- Re–organization
Ques 2 - What drill will be followed for locating and neutralizing the enemy?
Ans - (a) By Observation. Look in the area from which the ‘thump’ came. The
time between the ‘crack’ and the ‘thump’ gives an indication of the range. If
nothing is seen after about 30 seconds or so, it is very unlikely that enemy will
be located by looking.
(b) By Fire. The section commander will give a fire control order to a couple
of rifleman to fire two shots each into likely cover. The rest of the section will
observe their area of observation carefully. If there is no answer to fire, then the
section commander should try another couple of rifleman at some other target. If
there is still no enemy fire, either they are well trained or they have withdrawn.
(c) By Movement. The section commander will order one or two men to
get up and double forward about 10 yards to a different cover. He might do this
again if it draws no fire. If the enemy troops are there, they must be extremely
well trained not to fall for these tricks and start firing at such poor targets. (A man
getting up and moving fast for about 10 yards is a very difficult target to hit). If

there is still no enemy reaction then the section commander must continue the
advance.
Ques 3 - What are the important points during assault of section?
Ans - (a) The section commander will lead the rifle group in person, he is normally in
the centre.
(b) Covering fire will be provided for all movements in the open. The angle of
the fire should be as wide as possible.
(c) When the rifle group gets down into fire position after a bound, the LMG
group must move forward into a new fire position automatically. Once the LMG
group is in a position from which it can support the assault from a good angle,
the rifle group will move in one bound. Before the assault goes in, the rifleman
armed with the grenade discharger cup and the projector strim grenade should be
ordered to remove these from their rifle, if necessary.
(d) Normally the assault will start at the ‘walk’ with firing being carried out
from the shoulder or the hip (marching fire). The section doubles only during
last 100 to 50 yards when the section commander gives order ‘CHARGE’.
(e) No 1 and No 2 of the LMG group must carry sufficient magazines to

support a normal section attack.
(f) As the assault goes in, the LMG group will fire as long as possible and
then switch its fire across the objective just in front of the rifle group.
Ques 4 - What are the important points during Reorganisation?
Ans - (a) The LMG group will rejoin the fire group ‘at the double’ immediately it
sees the rifle group take cover after the assault.
(b) The section commander will organize a search of the area of the objective
for any enemy hiding or wounded. Rifle numbers detailed to search will be
covered by other rifleman.
(c) The section commander will check positions of rifleman and LMG group,
allot arcs of observation and detail reference points.
(d) The section commander will check:-
(i) Causalities,
(ii) Ammunition expenditure, and
(iii) Refilling of LMG magazine.
(e) The section commander will await the platoon commander for further
orders.

SECTION-11
FIRE CONTROL ORDERS
Ques 1 - What are the important terms used in Fire control orders?
Ans - (a) Fire Unit. Any number of men firing under the command of one man,
usually, a section. The person responsible for giving the executive order of fire,
is the fire unit commander.
(b) Fire Direction Orders. These are the orders which the fire unit
commander receives from his superior, telling him when, at what target and with
what intensity to open fire. A section commander will receive fire direction orders
from his platoon commander. They include special directions about opening and
withholding fire.
(c) Fire Control Orders. These are orders given by the fire unit
commander to direct and control the fire of the section. Emphasis should be on
control and supervision. These orders are the final with complete instructions
after all factors have been considered and before fire is actually opened.
(d) Arc of Fire. This denotes the area of ground for which the fire unit is
responsible and with in which it will engage targets. An arc of fire, must not be
confused with field of fire which is the area upon which it will be possible to fire
effectively in any direction.
Ques 2 – What are the important points which section commander must remember
before giving m fire control orders?
Ans - (a) Indication. No fire control order can be effective unless the target is
clearly indicated and can be easily recognized by the men of the fire unit.
(b) Range Visibility and Vulnerability. It should be considered if the

range, visibility and vulnerability of the target justify fire at all. Would it be better
to wait and get a more vulnerable or more complete surprise?
(c) Best Weapon to Use . What is the best weapon to use, although the
LMG is the main weapon of the section, the target may be more suitable for the
fire of the riflemen only or for a combination of both weapons.
(d) Single Round or Burst. Should the fire be in single rounds or in burst.
Should it be rapid or at the normal rate? Rapid rate is justified only on a
comparatively few occasions when it allows the maximum effect to be gained
from surprise when an especially vulnerable target presents itself or to cover
move in the final phase of an assault.
Ques 3 – What are the important rules for giving out fire control orders?
Ans - (a) The orders should be given clearly, calmly and consciously.
(b) It should be given loudly, so as to be heard over the noise of battle but
should not be louder than required.
(c) It must be given as an order, and obeyed as such.
(d) It must be given with adequate pauses, so that those being addressed
may have time to take the correct action, for example, there must be time for sight
adjustment after the range is ordered. No 1 Section (Pause) 300 (Pause) fire
when you see a target.
Ques 4 – What is the sequence of fire order?
Ans - The suggested code work is ‘GRIT’, each letter of which signifies stage in fire
orders as follows:-
G -The Group of the section which is addressed, that is the LMG group or the
whole section. An order starting with “No 1 Section” indicates that the whole of
No. 1 Section will fire. “LMG-Group or Rifles Group” means that the group
named only will fire.
R -The Range to the target. To ensure accuracy of fire and to concentrate

attention on a limited area of ground.
I - The Indication of the point of aim by its description.
T -The type of fire to be employed.
SECTION-12
TYPES AND CONDUCT OF PATROLS

(ONLY FOR SD CADETS)
Ques 1 – What are the essential qualities in fighting men developed by patrolling?
Ans - Patrolling develops four essential qualities of the fighting man:-
(a) Discipline
(b) Comradeship
(c) Aggressiveness.
(d) Alertness.
Ques 2 – What are the type of patrols?
Ans - (a) Reconnaissance Patrols (Recce Patrols)

(b) Protective Patrols.

Ques 3– What are the tasks of Recce of patrols?
Ans - (a) Location and details of enemy position.
(b) Location of obstacles laid by enemy and constant plotting of features.
(c) Study enemy habits.
(d) Any other specific information asked.
Ques 4– What are the tasks of Protective patrols?
Ans (a) To deny approaches to enemy patrols and obtain earliest possible
information of the approach of the enemy.
(b) To gain and confirm topographical information including that of artificial
obstacles.
(c) To give early warning of the enemy’s intentions.
(a) To deny information to enemy patrols.
(b) To dominate ‘No Man’s Land’.
(c) To protect flanks by aggressive patrolling.
Ques 5 – What are the important points to be remembered by scouts?
Ans - (a) Scouts should move from cover to cover using the correct methods of
observation around cover.
(b) Scouts should move by short bound in area where enemy is suspected.
(c) A pair of scouts should move one behind another and should keep each
other within easy voice control .The leading scout should often look over his
shoulder to ensure that he has the second scout in visual contact. However, it is
for the second scout to keep up.
(d) Scouts must always be alert.
(e) Scouts must protect each other by placing themselves in such a way that
they can cover each other by fire.
(f) Scouts move as individuals making use of ground and cover.
(d) Scouts must always remain in contact with the unit through the sub-units
commander.
(e) Communication are from front to rear. Contact is visual.
(j) Scouts must so move on ground and take cover in such a way that they do
not give away each others position.
(k) Scouts must not bunch together on bounds.
--xx--
CHAPTER-V
MILITARY HISTORY
Note – Cadets are advised to read relevant chapters of précis to get a thorough
knowledge of Military history.

CHAPTER-VI
COMMUNICATION
SECTION-1
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION IN ARMY
Ques 1 – Why the efficient signal; communication is important for the Defence Forces?
Ans - (a) Communicating between deployed troops and commanders.
(b) Convey the details of enemy troop movements and their activities.
(c) To change the mode of battle activities.
(d) To implement emergency instruction in battle field.
(e) To convey specific orders in terrain and snow bound area.
(f) For effective operational changes in battle field.
(g) To acquire and decipher the information and misinformation of enemy.
(h) To prepare the troops for further operational activities.
(j) To assess grounds level effect of operational activities.
(k) To improve infrastructure facilities in battle field.
(l) To carry out secure and effective communications with precaution and
privacy.
(m) Communication supply of food and evacuation of casualties.
SECTION-2
METHOD OF COMMUNICATION
Ques 1 – What are the various methods of communication?
Ans - (a) Sign Language
(b) Voice Medium
(c) Written script
(d) Runners and message bearers

(e) Line and cable
(f) Wireless
SECTION-3
TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONS,
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
Ques 1 – What are the advantages and disadvantages of Line communication?
Advantages
(a) Reliable and practically free from electrical interference.
(b) Relatively secure.
(c ) Number of circuits and message carrying capacity is more but limited only
by availability of material and manpower.
Disadvantages
(a) Vulnerable to physical interference and enemy interception along the

entire length of the route.
(b) Takes time to construct.
(c ) Inflexible once it is laid.
(d) Expensive in men and material.
Ques 2 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of Net Radio?
Ans - Advantages.
(a) Is vulnerable only at terminal and is therefore reasonably protected from

enemy action except by a direct hit.
(b) Is very flexible, can be rapidly re-arranged in the event of regrouping.
(c ) Is rapid in establishing communication.
(d) Can work on the move although range obtained will be much less than
when stationary.
(e) Is economical in personnel and equipment.

Disadvantages
(a) Is inherently insecure and susceptible to enemy interception which

necessitates the use of codes and ciphers with a consequent delay in clearing
traffic and overall increase in operating personnel.
(b) Net radio being inherently insecure demands a considerable degree of

security consciousness on the part of the users. This means adherence to
standard procedure and security codes.
Ques 3 – What are the advantages and disadvantages of Radio Relay?
Ans - Advantages
(a) Replace line with considerable economy of manpower and stores.
(b) It can be operated over area where for reasons of ground or enemy activity
use of line may not be possible.
(c ) Provides greater flexibility than line.
(d) Quick to set up and move except in mountainous country.
(e) Is vulnerable physically only at terminal.
(f) By its ability to employ multichannel equipment radio relay provides

more teleprinter circuits over one link than can normally be provided over
the average field cable. Thus it has much greater traffic handling capacity.
Disadvantage
(a) Liable to interception and hence insecure. Has relatively greater

security than net radio, depending upon the siting and direction of the
beams.
(b) Liable to interference from enemy jamming although not as much as

in the case of net radio.
(c) Terrain between stations must be reasonable suitable to get a ‘quasi

optical path’, this presents difficulty in siting.
(d) Location of terminal and intermediate stations may not suit tactical
layout and may, therefore, create additional protection requirements.
(e) Can not work on the move.
(f) Slightly more expensive in men and material than in the case of
net radio.

(g) Needs critical siting.
SECTION-4
COMMUNICATION MEDIA
Ques 1 - What are the various transmission lines?
Ans - (a) Parallel Wire type

(b) Coaxial type
(c ) Wave Guide type
Ques 2 –What are the various types of propagation of waves and explain each in brief?
Ans - (a) Ground Wave Propagation. Used for long and medium waves, limited
range is 30 Kms.
(b) Sky Wave Propagation. Used for HF range up to 30 MHz

communication, range is 100 km to 1000 Kms. These make use of ionosphere
layer existing to a height of 150 -200 kms from the surface of earth.
(c ) Space Wave Propagation. The propagation of VHF and UHF frequency

takes place in straight lines. The range is limited by curvature of earth and so
distance between two neighboring station is approx 50 Kms.
(d) Tropospheric Scatter Propagation. Also known as tropo scatter or fwd

scatter propagation, extended height up to 8-10 Kms from the surface of earth.
SECTION-5
RS ANPRC-25
Ques 1 – What are the special feature and facilities available in Radio Set ANPRC-25?
Ans - (a) It is a portable set.
(b) It has RT communication facilities.
(c) Can be used on ground and man pack.
(d) Facilities of remote operating and re- broadcasting is available.

(e) Power supply can be increased with booster unit to increase the
communication range.
(f) Protection from Heat and Moisture.
(g) VHF is pre-tuned.

(h) Suitable for Para Dropping.
(j) Compatible with RS VA and VA Mk II and VC.
(k) Range will be doubled when it is used with GPA.
(l) Can be used in all type of geographical areas.
Ques 2 –What is the weight and frequency range of Radio set ANPRC -25?
Ans - (a) Weight

(i) Radio Set - 6.10 Kg.
(ii) Battery - 1.60 Kg.
(iii) Accessories - 3.08 Kg.
(iv) Complete Station - 10.78 Kg.
(b) Frequency Range
(i) Frequency range of this set is 30 MHz to 75.95 MHz which is fixed
with two bands.
(aa) Band I - 30 MHz to 52.95 MHz
(ab) Band II - 53 MHz to 75.95 MHz
(ii) Its frequency range is connected with 920 channels. Channel

spacing from one channel to another channel is 50 KHz.
Ques 3 – What is communication range and power supply of Radio set ANPRC -25?
Ans - (a) Communication Range
(i) With antenna AT 892 - 8 Km.
(ii) With Antenna AT 271 - 8 Km.
(iii) With booster Unit - 25 Km
(iv) With GPA with Booster - Range becomes double.
(b) Power Supply Consumption
Battery Dry HT/LT 15/3 V IA. Life of this battery is in the ratio of 1:9 for 20 hrs, in
which transmission can be done for one hour and message can be receive for 9
hrs.

SECTION -6
CHARACTERISTIC OF WALKIE TALKIE
RADIO SET GP 338 MOTOROLA

Ques 1 - What are the facilities available in RADIO SET GP 338 MOTOROLA?
Ans - (a) It is portable and light in weight.
(b) Can be operated easily.
(c) It can be operated in VHF/UHF and 2 way simplex mode.

(d) 128 channel of this radio set can be preset into 8 zone.
(e) 16 channels can be preset into single zone.
(f) Frequency of this radio set can be programmed in 25 KHz channel

space with the range of 12.5 to 20 KHz.
(g) Option of selective call facilities available.
(h) Call alert can be given to receiver station.
(j) Can select required zone.
(k) Start/stop facilities of scan operation available.
(l) Add/Delete from scan list facilities available.
(m) Menu key facilities are available.
(n) Provision of receiving signal strength indicator (RSSI) are available.
(o) Provision of name/Tone Tagging facility available.
(p) Provision of talk around indicator facility available.
(q) Provision of 14 character Alfa numerical display LCD facility available.
(r) Provision of clock/reminder alarm facility available.
(s) Audible alert tone indicator is provided.
(t) Seven programmable buttons are provided.
(u) Facility of emergency siren top button is provided.

(v) Battery gauge indicator facility is provided.
(w) Accessory connectors is provided with radio set.
(x) Provision of DTMF key pad ( Duel Tone Mute Freq).
(y) Clock and alarm is provided.
(z) Time out timer facility is provided.
(aa) Provision of battery saver.
(ab) Power level can be adjusted.
(ac) Provision of MDC-1200 signalling encode/decode (Motorola digital

code).
Ques 2 – What is the weight and frequency range of Radio Set GP 338 Motorola?
Ans - (a) Weight and Measure
(i) Weight and measure of this radio set is as follows:-
(ii) Dimension with NI MH high cap battery - 137 x 57.5 x 37.5 mm.
(iii ) Wight with NI MH high cap battery - 420 gms.
(b) Frequency Range Frequency of this radio set is as under:-
(i) 136 MHz to 174 MHz on VHF mode.
(ii) 403 MHz to 470 MHz on UHF mode.
Ques 3 – What is the communication range and name of power supply of Radio Set GP
338 Motorola?
Ans - (a) Communication Range Communication range of this radio set is

4 to 5 Km and 20 to 40 Km with repeater.
(b) Power Supply Power supply can be provided to this radio set by
the following batteries.
(i) Ni MH high cap 7.2 volt.
(ii) Ni MH ultra high cap 7.2 volt.
(iii) Ni Cd High cap FM 7.2 volt.

(iv) Ni Cd High cap 7.2 volt.
(v) Lithium 7.2 volt.
SECTION -7
LINE COMMUNICATION
Ques 1 – What are the basic functions of telephone sets ‘L’, ‘F’, ‘J’ , ‘EE, 8B’?
Ans - (a) It works on magneto signalling.

(b) Calling is done by magneto.
(c) CB calling and clearing is done.
(d) It provides speech communication.
(e) It works in all weather conditions
Ques 2 – What are the facilities if Switch Board Telephone 15 Lines?
Ans - (a) 15 Lines can be provided.
(b) Can work with either magneto, CB, CBS or auto exchanges.
(c ) Has got both internal and external ringer.
(d) Two exchanges can be linked up to provide 30 line facility.
(e) A lamp indicator has been provided to warn the operator about an in
coming call.
(f) A ringing visual indicator has been provided.
(g) Facility exists for night alarm.
(h) Apart from the dry battery, power source can be provided by secondary
battery also.
(j) Lighting facility for the switch board is provided by means of specially
designed lighting unit.
Ques 3 – What are the advantages and functions of Telephone Set 5A/5B?
Ans - The telephone set Field 5A/5B has the following functions and advantages:-
(a) Facility exists for installing a autodial and hooking with an auto exchange.
(b) Facility for line test exists.

(c ) A device has been installed in the micro phone for noise cancellation.
(d) In H position the range of the telephone is increased considerably.
(e) Facility exists on the both 5 A/5 B for remote operating.
(f) Made of superior magneto and can function with CB/CBS exchanges.
Ques 4 - What is the [power supply and consumption of the Telephone Set 5A/5B?
Ans - It is powered by 2 X 1.5 Volt No 3 cells or 3 V external batteries and the power
consumption of set 5 A is 20 mA and set 5 B is 15 mA. It can receive and sent
signal waves with a bell due to generator
Ques 5 -What is the main difference between Telephone set 5 A and 5 B?
Ans - Telephone Set 5 A Telephone Set 5 B
(a) Small in size Large in size
(b) Light in weight Heavier
(ci) Auto call can be attached Auto call can not be attached
(d) Bell is tubular type Bell is Gong type
(e) CB Loop resistance is CB Loop resistance is

200, 250, 300. from 200 to 350
(f) TRL switch exists TRL switch does not exists
(g) Threaded type of line terminal Push type line terminal
Ques 5 - What are the important phrases used while operating the exchange?
Ans - (a) “ Number please , Sir”.
(b) “ You want number …….. Sir”.
(c ) “ Sorry , Sir Number is engaged , Sir”.
(d) “ I will ring you back , Sir”.
(e) “ Call for you from ……… Speak up, please”.
(f) “ Have you finished . Sir”.

SECTION -8
LATEST TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

Ques 1 – What are the latest trends in communication?
(a) Tropo-scatter
(b) Modem
(c) Fax
(d) Telex
(e) Satellite
(f) Optic fiber communications
(g) Computer system
(h) Internet
(i) Cell phone
(j) Multimedia
(k) Videophone
Ques 2 - Name various types of satellites?
Ans - (a) Weather Satellite.

(b) Scientific Satellite.
(c ) Communication Satellite.
(d) Navigational Satellite
(e) Military Satellite.
Ques 3 – What are the advantages and disadvantages of optic fiber communication?
Ans – (a) Advantages
(i) It has wide band width carrying different types of info from low
speed voice signal to high speed computer data.
(ii) Less power requirement.
(iii) Small cable size.
(iv) No repeater station required.
(v) No electromagnetic interference.
(b) Disadvantages
(i) Jointing problem.
(ii) Channel dropping not possible.

(iii) More expensive.
Ques 4 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of Computer system?
Ans - (a) Advantages
(i) Speed of process and calculations.
(ii) Accuracy of process and calculation once the programme is

proved.
(iii) Persistence - It will continue on the same job until the end,
always working in the same way, each and every day.
(iv) Mass storage of data.
(v) The ability to handle large volume of data.
(b) Disadvantages
(i) Data loss if machine malfunctions.
(ii) Back up hard data still required to be maintained.
(iii) Constant power source is required.
Ques 5. What are the advantages of cell phone?
Ans - (a) More subscriber and traffic capability.
(b) No perceptible difference between mobile and fixed subscribers.
(c ) Better quality of service.
(d) Miniaturization using very large scale integration (VLSI ) technology which
enables ever decreasing size and weight of the hand set.
(e) Higher speed of data exchange.
(f) Can be used in an integrated mode with computer network.
--xx--

CHAPTER-VII
OBSTACLE TRAINING
SECTION-1
OBSTACLE COURSE
Ques 2 – What is the importance of obstacle training for NCC cadets?
Ans - Obstacle training inculcates self-confidence & team spirit and infuses courage,
patience & makes them physically fit.

CHAPTER-VIII
HOME NURSING
SECTION -1
INTRODUCTION TO HOME NURSING
Ques 1 – What are the qualities of a good nurse?
Ans - A good nurse must possess the following qualities:-
(a) Honesty and Truthfulness. A nurse should be honest to her profession.

She should confess her mistake and not risk the life of the patient by hiding it.
(b) Sympathy and Understanding. A good nurse should deal with the
patient with understanding and compassion. She must appreciate the pain and
suffering of the patient.
(c ) Cheerfulness, Gentleness and Willingness. A cheerful nurse reduces

the sufferings of the patients to half. Her gentleness reduces their pain and
discomfort. “A warm smile may be more therapeutic than a dose of medicine”.
(d) Obedience and Discipline. A nurse should have self discipline and
should obey the orders of the doctor and carry them out without argument.
(e) Observant. A Nurse should observe the minutest details of the patient’s
condition. If there is the slightest change in the patient’s condition, she should
immediately report it to the Doctor.
(f) Tact and Sense of Humour. A tactful nurse can deal easily with the
irritable patients. Her sense of humour helps her to bear the hardships of
profession cheerfully.
SECTION -2
THE ROLLER BANDAGE AND ITS APPLICATION
Ques 1 – What are the sizes of various bandages?
Ans - (a) Bandage for Finger - 1” wide

(b) Bandage for Head and Arm - 2 ½”
(c ) Bandage for Trunk - 6”
(d) Bandage for Leg - 3 ½”
Ques 2 – What are the general rules of bandages?

Ans (a) Face the causality.
(b) Hold the head of the bandage in the right hand.
(c ) Apply the outer side of the free end to the part and where possible lock it in
position by a superimposed turn.
(d) Bandage firmly from below upwards and from within outwards over the
front of the limb.
(e) Apply the layer of the bandage so that it covers neither too tight nor too
loose.
(f) When completed secure the bandage by a safety pin or adhesive

strapping.
SECTION -3
THE SICK ROOM: PREPARATION, CLEANING,

LIGHTING AND VENTILATION
Ques 1 – What points should be borne in mind while cleaning the sick room?
Ans (a) All cleaning work should be done without disturbing the patient after the
toilet is over and the bed remade.
(b) Light furniture should be removed before the room is swept and dusted.
After dusting, each piece should be wiped with a weak solution of disinfectant
and then polished with dry cloth.
(c ) Dusting should be done with a damp cloth. The floor should be cleaned
after scattering damp tea leaves so that dust does not rise.
(d) At night, flowers should be removed from the vases and fresh flowers
arranged in the morning.
Ques 2 Define Sick Room?
ANS: The sick room should be that room of the house which is away from all noise and
through which there is no passage. However, it should have a bathroom and lavatory
close by. It should face South or South-West.
Ques 3 Define Sick Room?
Ans (a) Preparation

(b) Cleaning
(c) Lighting
(d) Ventilation
(e) Cross Ventilation

(f) Wide Streets with Open Spacing.
(g) Cleaning of Air Through Trees
(h) Effects of Heat
SECTION -4
PULSE , RESPIRATION AND TEMPERATURE

TAKING AND RECORDING
Ques 1 – Define respiration?
Ans - The inhalation and exhalation of a person is called respiration
Ques 2 – What is the pulse rate of various ages?
Ans (a) Infants 30-40 per minutes.

(b) Children 24-28 per minute.
(c ) Adults 15-20 per minute.
Ques 3 – Define body temperature?
Ans Temperature. The normal temperature of a man is between 97° and 99° F.
There is slight ½ ° F variation between the daily temperature in the morning and
evening. The lowest temperature is between 2 AM and 4 AM.
Ques 4 – What is the method of taking temperature?
Ans - Keep the bulb of the thermometer pressed under the armpit or beneath the
tongue or in the groin for 2 minutes.
Ques 5 – Define pulse?
Ans - The pulse is the heart beat and is most commonly felt at the radial on the point of
the wrist. The average pulse rate is 72 beats per minute. In case of infants, is 100 to 140
beats per minute and in case of children 90 to 100 beats per minute.
SECTION -5
OBSERVATION OF THE SICK: SIGNS AND

SYMPTOMS TO BE NOTED
Ques 1 – What important points should be observed in a patient for proper treatment?
Ans - These are as under: -
(a) Appearance of the Patient

(i) The colour of the skin whether pale, flushed blue or yellow.
(ii) Whether moist or dry, hot or cold, smooth or rough, covered with
rashes, bruises or discolored.
(iii) If any swelling or edema.
(iv) If pain, its place and duration.
(v) Facial expression and other signs of discomfort.
(b) Temperature, Pulse and Respiration. Take temperature, pulse and

respiration twice a day or four times a day or eight time a day, as desired by the
doctor and maintain TPR Chart.
(c) Stools
(i) Frequency and whether it shows constipation or diarrhoea

condition.
(ii) Colour
(aa) Normal brown.
(ab) Clay coloured which shows obstructive jaundice.
(ac) Black shiny which shows bleeding from the stomach or

duodenum.
(ad) Full black which shows effect of medicines like iron.
(iii) Composition. Presence of abnormal material as blood, pus, gall

stones, worms, undigested food. Specimen of stool is to be left for the
doctor to see in a well covered container.
(d) Urine. In case of urine the following should be observed:-
(i) Frequency. Increased frequency is due to inflammation of the

bladder.
(ii) Quantity
(aa) Urine output is reduced in fever, in conditions of dehydration

and in a acute nephritis.
(ab) Urine quantity is increased in case of diabetes and

inflammation of the kidneys.

(iii) Colour Abnormalities
(aa) Red – Due to presence of a lot of blood.
(ab) Dark Greenish Brown – Due to presence of bile.
(ac) Smoky – Due to some blood being present.
(ad) Orange, Green or Blue – Due to presence of some drugs.
(iv) Deposits. If the urine is allowed to stand, the following may be

observed:-
(aa) A sandy deposit white or pink.
(ab) A whitish cloud showing mucous.
(ac) A thick greenish deposit due to pus.
( Early morning specimen should be kept in a clear, covered , glass

bottle).
(e) Cough and Sputum. Report on it must state:-
(i) Amount.
(ii) Colour.
(iii) Whether expectorated easily or with difficulty.
(f) Vomit
(a) Quantity.
(b) Time in relation to food.
(c) Whether it causes pain or relieves it.
(d) Material vomited such as blood.
SECTION -6
FEEDING A HELPLESS PATIENT
Ques 1 – What are the important precautions to be taken while feeding a helpless
patient with fluid diet?
Ans – (a) The mouth of the patient should be washed and wiped.
(b) If the patient can sit up, the fluid can be given in a cup or in a glass.

(c) If the patient wants to take fruit juice with a straw he/she should be
provided that.
(d) If the patient can not sit up, he/she should be fed with a feeding cup or a
feeder.
(e) The bed clothes should be protected by placing a clean napkin beneath
the patient’s mouth.
(f) The nurse should place her left arm, under the first pillow to raise the
patient’s head slightly.
(g) The flow of the fluid should be regulated so that too much of it does not
flow into the patient’s mouth.
(h) One mouthful should be given at one time pausing to allow her time for
chewing. Feeding can be done with a tea spoon also.
(j) In case of jaw injuries, a small rubber tube is attached to the spout of the
feeding cup and then put between the teeth.
(k) The patient should be given small quantity to swallow at one time.
(l) After feeding the patient, lips should be wiped with a clean towel.
Ques 2 – What are the important precautions to be taken while feeding a helpless
patient with solid food?
Ans (a) Food should be served in an attractive manner arranged attractively on a

side table.
(b) One dish should be brought at one time.
(c) The food should be served hot. It should be put in a plate in the
kitchen before bringing to the patient.
(d) Patient should be fed with a spoon.
(e) As soon as food is finished the plate should be removed.
SECTION-7
MEDICINES AND THEIR ADMINISTRATION
Ques 1 –What precautions should be taken while administering the liquid medicines to
patient?
Ans - (a) Check the label with the prescription. If handling a new medicine read the
instructions carefully.
(b) Shake the medicine well.
(c) Put your thumb near the correct marking of dosage on the medicine glass.
Hold the glass in level with the medicine bottle. Pour away from the label so that
it does not become illegible. Replace the cork immediately.
(d) Read the instructions once again before actually giving the medicine to the
patient.
(e) Take the medicine on a tray with a glass of water and spoon in case the
medicine requires stirring. If the medicine has a bitter taste, give the patient
some sweet drink.
(f) Put the medicine bottle in the correct place.
(g) Never pour back any unused medicine, throw it away.
Ques 2 –What precautions should be taken while administering the other medicines to
patient?
Ans (a) In case of pills, tablets, capsules and powder, remember that a pill has a
sugar coating and a capsule has a gelatine coating and hence can be easily
swallowed with water.
(b) Tablets if not swallowed by the patient may be crushed and put on the
back of the tongue for swallowing.
(c) Powder must be poured at the back of the patient’s tongue and water
poured in his mouth.
(d) Iron mixture should be given with straws so that the teeth are not stained.
(e) If the patient is not too weak, he/she should be asked to clean his/her
teeth.
SECTION -8
FEVER, INFECTION, DISINFECTION AND

SPECIFIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Ques 1 –What is fever?
Ans - Whenever there is an inroad of disease germs in the body, due to some
infection, it raises its temperature to put up a fight against the invasion. The state of
more than normal temperature is called ‘Fever’.
Ques 2 –What are various names of fevers considering the temperature?
Ans (a) The normal temperature of the body is 97° F to 99° F.

(b) The temperature above 99° causes pain, restlessness, headache and
body ache.
(c) Moderate temperature from 99° F to 103° F is called Pyrexia.
(d) High temperature from 103° F to 105° F is called High Pyrexia.
(e) Very high temperature over 105° F is called Hyper -Pyrexia.
Ques 3 –What are various types of fevers as per severity?
Ans (a) Constant. In this the temperature remains the same all the 24 hours as
in pneumonia and scarlet fever.
(b) Intermittent. The temperature rises very high and falls very low. It
appears when there is severe infection.

(c) Remittent Fever. This is a very high fever. It rises more than 1° during
24 hours. It is found in case of tuberculosis and sepsis.
(d) Irregular. It has no set pattern of rise and fall of temperature.
Ques 4 Define infection?
ANS: The spreading of germs of a disease from a sick person to a healthy person is
called infection.
Ques 5 - What are the media of infection?
ANS: (a) Through Air. Disease germs spread from a sick person to a healthy
person when the sick person breathes out foul germs and fit person inhales it.
The germs are harboured by the healthy person till they multiply and become
strong enough to show symptoms of the disease. Diseases like tuberculosis and
influenza spread in this manner.
(b) Through Water. Water gets contaminated when patients of a disease

wash into it their faeces, urine, sputum and vomit. These germs are carried by
rivers and streams and sink into wells, ponds and lakes. When this water is used
by healthy persons for washing and drinking, the germs remain dormant in his
body till his resistance becomes poor and he falls victim to diseases. Cholera,
enteric fever, dysentery, typhoid and jaundice spread in this manner.
(c ) Through Insects. Germs of various diseases are carried by insects. The

anopheline female mosquito, house fly, sand fly, fleas, ticks all act as carriers of
disease. The mosquito, sand fly, fleas and ticks bite a patient, take the germs of
the diseases in their blood, harbour them till they find a healthy man to bite and
pass on the germs into his blood, till after a period, the healthy person also starts
showing signs of the disease. Malaria, plague and sand fly fever, all spread like
this. Cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, jaundice, typhoid spread in this manner.
Ques 6 - Define disinfection?
ANS: It means destroying the disease germs through various methods. It is to break
the chain of infection. The following are the important disinfectants:-
Ques 7 : what are the physical and the chemical agents of disinfection?
ANS:
(a) Physical Agents
(i) Light.
(ii) Heat - both dry and moist.
(b) Chemical Agents
(i) Gases.
(ii) Liquids.
(iii) Solids.
SECTION – 9
OPERATION: AFTER CARE, DRESSING OF WOUNDS
Ques 1 - Discuss some of the points while dressing the wound of the patient?
Ans - The following should be done to help in quick healing of wounds and keep them
from turning septic:-
(a) The hand should be properly washed.
(b) Everything that is used while dressing the wound should be properly
sterilized so that he wound does not get infected
(C) Soiled dressing should be thrown properly in a covered waste bin and not
allowed
(d) The wound should be cleaned with proper solutions
(e) Fresh air and sunshine assist in the quick recovery of a patient
(F) There should be no obstruction to the free circulation of blood so that the
healing process is not restricted
(g) Proper diet should be given to the patient. Sufficient quantity of vitamin C
must be ensured for quick healing.
(h) The patient should be made to feel fit and kept cheerful.
SECTION -10
POISONS AND FIRST AID
Ques 1 What is poison?
ANS: Any substance which, if taken in large quantity causes damage to the human
system or may cause death, is called poison.
Ques 2 What are the means of poison intake?
ANS: (a) Poisons can be swallowed by eating or drinking.

(b) Poisons enter the system by breathing in the form of fumes or smoke.
(c ) Poisons enter the body through injections or through bites such as snakes
or rabid dogs.
Ques 3 : What are the types of poison?
ANS: (a) Corrosive

(b) Irritants
(c) Stimulants
(d) Depressors.
Ques 4: What is the first aid for the patient who has consumed poison?
ANS: (a) Arrange to remove the patient to hospital immediately.
(b) Note down the name of the poison if the empty bottle is there. Preserve if
there is any remaining portion of the poison.
(c ) Keep in some container any vomited matter, if it is there.
(d) If the patient has not taken any corrosive matter induce vomiting.
(e) If he is unconscious lay him with head turned to one side keeping his
tongue out. If his respiration is failing, give artificial respiration.
(f) If the patient is conscious and the poison which he has taken is known, the
following steps may be taken:-
(i) If he has taken some acid give him some alkali such as chalk, milk
of magnesia and baking soda water.
(ii) If it is alkali give him 2 table spoonful of vinegar or lime juice water.
Make the patient drink plenty of water or give something to drink such as
milk or barley water or raw eggs.
(iii) If the patient has taken some disinfectant like cresol, carbolic acid or
sleeping tablets like luminal, give two table spoonful of common salt with
water or raw eggs.
(iv) In case of opium and morphia poisoning, give a few crystals of

potassium permanganate in a tumbler of water and make the patient
vomit.
(v) If there is gas poisoning, move casualty out of the room having gas.
If the breathing is obstructed give artificial respiration. The domestic

antidote for poisoning is a mixture of tea powder or burnt toast and milk of
magnesia mixed in equal portion.
CHAPTER-IX
INTRODUCTION TO INFANTRY WEAPONS
SECTION-1
CHARACTERISTICS OF 7.62MM SLR, AMN, FIREPOWER,

STRIPPING, ASSEMBLING AND CLEANING
Ques 1 - Rif 7.62 mm SLR ka kutar (celibre) kitna hai?
Ans - 7.62 mm
Ques 2 - Bharey huey magazine ke sath Rif 7.62 mm SLR ka wazan kitna hai?
Ans - 5.1 Kg
Ques 3 - Rif 7.62 mm SLR ka kargar range kitna hai?
Ans - 275 meters
Ques 4 - Rif 7.62 mm SLR men kitne round bharey jaatey hain?
Ans - 20 Rds.
Ques 5 - Rif 7.62 mm SLR ka poora naam likho?
Ans - 7.62mm self loading rifle.
Ques 6 - Rif 7.62 mm SLR ke sath ek minute main kitne round fire kar saktey hain?
Ans - 05 Rds
Ques 7 - Rif 7.62 mm SLR ka safai ka saman likho?
Ans - (i) Pull through.
(ii) Oil bottle.
(iii) Combination tool.
(iv) Gas regulator key screw driver.
(v) Cylinder/Chamber cleaning brush.

(vi) Rifle cleaning brush.
(vii) Graphite grease tube.
(viii) Chindi.
SECTION-2
SLR : FILLING, EMPTYING OF MAGAZINE, SIGHT SETTING,

LYING POSITION, HOLDING, AIMING AND FIRING
Ques 1 – Rif 7.62 mm SLR ka magazine kitne parkar se bhara jaata hai?
Ans - Do parkar se.
Ques 2 – Rif 7.62 mm SLR ki sight par kon kon se ank khude huey hote hain?
Ans - 3 to 6.
Ques 3 – Ready position par trigger ki position kahan hoti hai?
Ans - ‘R’ par.
Ques 4 – Rif 7.62 mm SLR se kaun kaun parkar ke fire kiye jaate hain?
Ans - (a) Deliberate.

(b) Snap shooting.
(c) Rapid fire
SECTION-3
CHARACTERISTICS OF 5.56MM INSAS RIF, AMMUNITION ,

FIREPOWER, STRIPPING, ASSEMBLING AND CLEANING
Ques 1 – 5.56 mm Rifle ka poora naam likho?
Ans - Rifle 5.56 mm Indian Small Arms System hai.
Ques 2 - Rifle 5.56 mm ka kuta (celibre) likho?
Ans - 5.56 mm.
Ques 3 - Rifle 5.56 mm ka wazan likho?
Ans - 3.6 Kg.

Ques 4 - Rifle 5.56 mm ka kargar range likho?
Ans - 400 meters.
Ques 5 - Rifle 5.56 mm ka rate of fire likho?
Ans - (a) Normal - 60 rds/min.
(b) TRB (Three Round Burst) - 90 rds/min.

(c) Intense - 150 rds /min.
(d) Cyclic - 600 to 650 rds/min.
SECTION-4
CHARACTERISTICS OF 7.62MM LIGHT MACHINE GUN (LMG)

AMMUNITION, FIREPOWER, STRIPPING, ASSEMBLING AND CLEANING
Ques 1 – 7.62 mm LMG ka poora naam lokho?
Ans - 7.62 mm Light Machine Gun.
Ques 2 – 7.62 mm LMG ka rate of fire lokho?
Ans (a) Normal - 28 rds (One mag) per min.
(b) Rapid - 112 rds (four mag) per min.
(c) Cyclic - 450 – 500 rds per min.
Ques 3 – 7.62 mm LMG ka kargar range lokho?
Ans (a) On bipod - 500 yds.
(b) On tripod - 1000 yds.
Ques 4 – 7.62 mm LMG ke magazine mein kitne roud attey hain?
Ans - 30 Rds
Ques 5 – 7.62 mm LMG kis sidhant ar kaam karti hai?
Ans - Gas
Ques 6 – 7.62 mm LMG ke change leaver ki kitnee position hoti hai?
Ans - 3.

SECTION-5
TECHNICAL DATA OF INFANTRY WEAPONS
Ques 1 - 84 RL ka kutar kitna hota hai?
Ans - 84 mm
Ques 2 - 84 mm RL ka wazan likho?
Ans - 16.100 Kg
Ques 3 - 84 mm RL se kitne parkar ka ammunition fire kar sakte hain?
Ans – 06 parkar ka.
Ques 4 - 81 mm Mor se kitne parkar ka ammunition fire kar sakte hain?
Ans - Three.
Ques 5 – Hand Grenade No 36 ka killing area kitna hai?
Ans - 8 Mtr raidus.
Ques 6 - Hand grenade No-36 ka fuze kitne second ka hota hai?
Ans - 4 second ka.
Ques 7 - 7.62 mm machine Gun ka rate of fire likho?
Ans - (a) Normal - 100 rounds per minute.
(b) Rapid - 200 rounds per minute.
(c) Cyclic - 600-1000 rounds per minute.
--xx--

MISC
AUTH OF CADET APPTS: NCC UNITS

(Auth-PE of NCC units & Trg Ests-1979)
SD/SW UNIT- 160 Cdts (Coy – 160 Cadets, with 3 Pls -53, 53, & 54 Cadets)
Ser Coys
Unit SUO UO WO Sgt Cpl L Cpl Total
No /Sqn
Bn HQ 2 0 2 2 2 0 8
Coy
1 0 2 1 0 0 4
1. Inf Unit HQ
Pl 0 1 0 1 3 6 11
5 Coys 7 15 12 22 47 90 193
Coy
1 0 2 0 1 0 4
2. Girls Pl HQ
Pl 0 1 0 1 3 6 11
JD/JW TP- 100 Cdts
Ser
Troop CSM Sgt Cpl L Cpl Total
No
1. Boys Tp 1 2 3 5 11
2. First ½ Boys Tp 1 1 1 3 5
3. Second ½ Boys Tp 0 1 2 2 6
4. Girls Tp 1 3 8 12 24
5. First ½ Girls Tp 1 1 4 6 12
6. Second ½ Girls Tp 0 2 4 6 12
REFRESHMENTS TO NCC CADETS
1. Refreshments to cadets should consist of following items only: -
(a) Milk
(b) Shakarpara biscuits.
(c) Besan Laddoos
(d) Bananas
(e) Buns and butter
(f) Eggs
(g) Iddlies made of urad dal and rice
(h) Masala Dosa
(i) Vada – Made of chana dal
(j) Poori and potatoes
(k) Coffee/tea/cool-drinks
(l) Kara Bhath
(m) Kesari Bhath
(n) Rice puddings
Auth-NCCO-08/67.

ACR CALENDAR - CHECK LIST
NCC UNITS
Date
Ser
Service Category Due for Nominal Roll to To reach at Gp To reach at
No
initiation reach at Dte HQ NCC Dte
Col 01 Sep 01 Aug 05 Sep 15 Sep
Maj to Col (TS) 01 Jun 01 May 05 Jun 15 Jun
1. Army JCOs 01 Jun - 05 Jun 15 Jul
Havs 01 Oct - 05 Oct 15 Nov
NKs 01 Jan - 05 Jan 15 Feb
WT NCC Offrs 01 Jul 15 Jun 05 Jul 15 Jul
2. NCC ANOs 01 Jan - 05 Jan -
GCIs 01 Jan - 05 Jan 25 Jan
3. Civil Staff All 01 Apr - 05 Apr -
REVISED WPN/AMN SCALES: NCC UNITS

Applicable wef 01 Apr 2005
AUTH - HQ DG NCC letter No-19404/CS/DGNCC/Lgs (Navy & Eqpt) dt 12 Apr 2005.
Ser Scale
Wpn Remarks
No Wpn Amn
1. .22 Rif (All types)
Army SD 02/Coy 20/Cdt
Army JD 1/Tp 10/Cdt
Air SD 1/Flt 10/Cdt
Air JD 1/Tp 10/Cdt
Girls SW 6/Bn 20/Cdt
Girls JW 1/Tp 10/Cdt
500 Rds of amn per Rif held
2. .22 Imported Rif
for the Trg Yr.
3. 7.62 mm SLR
Army SD 2/Coy 12/Cdt BDR for 10% of Cdt Str
4. 7.62 mm SLR DP
Army SD, Air SD & 150 per Major Unit
-
Girls SW & 75 per minor unit
5. 7.62 mm LMG DP 1/Coy -
6. 7.62 mm LMG
CTN amn for 10% of Cdt
Army SD (Inf) 02 per unit 7/Cdt (CTN)
str, Tracer-Nil.
7. Smoke Candle
Army SD (Inf) - 6/Coy
Proj Mini Flare 16
8.
mm
Army SD 1/Coy White-9
Red & Green -6
9. 12 Bore 4 Shot
Air SD 2/Sqn 20/Cdt
10. Plastic Pigeon
Air SD - 40/Cdt

ANNUAL RANGE COURSE NCC
As per revised scales of Arms/Amn wef 01 Apr 2005
The Miniature Rg Course (.22 Rifs)

This course will be fired by ANOs of Jr Div (Army Wing)
Practice Rg in
Practice Tgt Rds Instrs Scoring
No Yds
(a) Posn lying with rest. Bull & inner - 3 Pts
Magpie - 2 Pts
1. Deliberate 1’x1 ‘ 25 10
(b) 2 practices of 5 Rds Outer - 1 Pt
each. HPS - 30
This course will be fired by Cdts & ANOs of Sr Div (Army Wing)
1’x1 ‘
with
Introductory
1. white 25 5 Posn lying with rest. Grouping, 2 & 3 rds
shoot
aiming
mark
Bull & inner - 3 Pts
(a) Posn lying with rest.
Magpie - 2 Pts
2. Deliberate 1’x1’ 25 10 (b) 2 practices of 5 Rds
Outer - 1 Pt
each.
HPS - 30
(a) Posn lying with rest. 3 Pts per hit
3. Competition Fig 12 25 5 (b) 5 Rds to be fired at a HPS - 15 Pts
time each.
This course will be fired by Cdts of Jr Div (Army Wing)
1’x1 ‘
with
Introductory
1. white 25 5 Posn lying with rest. Grouping, 2 & 3 rds
shoot
aiming
mark
(a) Posn lying with rest.
Magpie - 2 Pts
2. Deliberate 1’x1’ 25 5 (b) 1 Practice of 5 Rds.
Outer - 1 Pt
HPS - 15
Long/Short Rg 7.62 mm Rif Course
This course should be fired by Cdts of Sr Div (Army Wing) during ATC
Introductory
1. 1’x1’ 25 2 Posn lying with rest. Nil
shoot
4’x4’/ Magpie - 2 Pts
2. Deliberate 25 5 Posn lying with rest.
1’x1’ Outer - 1 Pt
HPS - 15
4’x4’/ Magpie - 2 Pts
3. Deliberate 25 5 Posn lying without rest.
1’x1’ Outer - 1 Pt
HPS - 15
Long/Short Rg Course - LMG
This course should be fired by Cdts of Inf Units of Sr Div (Army Wing) during ATC
(a) Practice to be fired from Bull and inner - 2 Pts
lying posn. Magpie & outer - 1 Pt
4’x4’/
1. Deliberate 100/25 7 (b) 2 Rds single shot, 5 HPS - 14 Pts
1’x1’
Rds automatic (Two bursts
of 2 to 3 Rds each)

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(QUESTION ANSWER FORMAT)

Question Answers-Abridged Version Cadet Hand Book-2006

1. NCC is a youth empowerment establishment of national reckoning. Its working

3. As the general environment is aware of certain commerce minds everywhere,

4. I must place on record my innate gratitude to Col SS Saini my senior colleague,

Compiled By 1 19 Punjab Bn NCC Ludhiana

Compiled By 2 19 Punjab Bn NCC Ludhiana

Ques 1- What is NCC Motto?

Ans - Unity & Discipline.

Ques 2 – What are the aims of NCC?

Ans - (a) To develop character, comradeship, discipline, leadership, secular outlook,

(c) To provide a suitable environment to motivate the youth to take up a

Ques 1 – What is the rank of DG NCC?

Ques 2 – What is the rank of Dy Director General of NCC Directorate?

Ques 3 – How many Directorates are there in NCC?

Ques – 4 - What are the ranks of SD/SW ANOs?

Ans – Lt, Capt & Maj.

Ques – 5 - What are the ranks of JD/JW ANOs?

Ans - Basically there are two types of camps as under : -

(a) Annual Training camps

(i) Leadership camps – Advance & Basic leadership camps

Ques 2 - Name the social service and community development activities?

Ans – These are as under: -

(a) Tree Plantation.

Ans – These are as under: -

(a) ‘A’ Certificate

(iv) An Air Wing Cadet must do a minimum of 10 Glide Launches.

(c) ‘C’ Certificate

(i) The candidate must be in possession of Certificate ‘B’.

Compiled By 4 19 Punjab Bn NCC Ludhiana

(iii) The cadet must have attended a minimum of 75% of the

(aa) RD Camp at Delhi (RDC).

(ab) Centrally Organised Camp (COC).

(ac) Para Training Camp (PTC).

(ad) National Integration Camp (NIC) (when applicable for

(ae) All India Trekking Expedition (DG NCC organised).

(af) All India Mountaineering Expedition (DG NCC organised).

(ag) Attachment Training with Service units.

(ah) Any one of the Adventure Courses approved by DG

(aj) Sailing Expedition , with actual sailing exceeding 10

(ak) Any cadet participating in National Rifle Association of

(al) Special Services Camps (essentially with 50% Service

(am) Successfully done Scuba Diving Course.

(an) Youth Exchange Programme.

(ao) Foreign cruise (Navy).

Ques 4. – How is the grading awarded in NCC?

(a) Grading `A’ - Cadets obtaining 80% marks or above.

Compiled By 5 19 Punjab Bn NCC Ludhiana

Ques 5. Name the retention clothing items and scales of authorisation?

Ans - Authorisation of retention clothing for army boys/Girls is tabulated as under: -

Ser Life in Qty Auth per Qty to be retained

Ques 6. Write the full version of NCC song?

Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain, Hum Sab Bhartiya Hain.

Kashmir Ki Dharti Rani Hai,

Sadiyon Se Hamne Isko Apne Khoon Se Pala Hai

Hum Shamshir Utha Lenga.

Mandir Gurdware Bhi Hain Yahan

Ek Hi Apna Ram Hai, Ek Hi Allah Taala Hai,