They are hollow cylinders and are the thickest of the cytoskeleton structures

A: microtubules

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

A: crossing over

It is closely related DNA–containing organelles include chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and a diverse

group of leucoplasts.
A: plastids

The relationship is evident (protein structure determines its function) , (nucleic acids structure results
in a genetic code) , anatomy (longer necked giraffes are more functional than short neck giraffes) ,
as well as cells.
A: structure-function relationship

The belief that living organisms grow directly from decaying organic substances was the accepted
explanation for the appearance of small organisms.
A: spontaneous generation

The smallest unit of structure and function of all living organisms.

A: cell

True or False: People with both normal undefected mtDNA and not normal, defected mtDNA, may
not inherit mitochondrial disease.
Answer: true

The division of the cell’s nucleus the final step before two daughter cells are produced.
A: mitosis

True or False: Tight junctions are the closely associated areas of cells.
Answer: false

The smallest cell currently known has a diameter of only 400 nm.
A: prokaryotic cells

True or False: Mitosis begins immediately at the conclusion of interphase, specifically at the end of
the G2 phase.
Answer: true

A watery fluid that contains cytoskeletal fragments, dissolved particles and organelles.
A: cytosol

They are structures that carry out specific functions inside the cell.
A: organelles

True or False: Cells come in the same shape

Answer: false

They are usually single–celled and smaller than eukaryotic cells.

A: Prokaryotic cells

True or False: Biologists in the early part of the 19th century suggested that all living things were
made of cells.
Answer: true

True or False: A mitochondrion, is a membrane–enclosed organelle that is found in most prokaryotic.

Answer: FALSE

Sperm cells are the only human cell with

A: flagella

True or False: A desmosome is a cell junction specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion.

A: true

True or False: Rudolf Virchow observed that cells cannot divide to produce more cells.
A: false

One of Schwann's original conclusions stated that cells formed in a similar way to crystals.
A: cell theory

They are also called the plasma membrane which is the physical boundary between the intracellular
space which is the physical boundary between the intracellular space ( the inside of the cell) and the
extracellular environment.
A: cell membrane

True or False: The spindle starts to form during prophase of mitosis.

Answer: true

True or False: Prophase is the first and longest phase of mitosis.

Answer: true

They are found in simple and stratified squamous epithelium, and in muscle tissue where they find
muscle cells to one another.
A: desmosome

It forms the “strings” which support celery stalks

A: collenchyma

True or False: During mitotic phase (M) is when the nucleus and then the cytoplasm divide.
A: true

The organelles on which proteins are made during protein synthesis

A: ribosomes
One gap junction channel is composed of how many connexions.
A: two

True or False: The nucleus of many cells also contains an organelle called a nucleolus.
A: true

A repeating series of events that include growth , DNA synthesis, and cell division.
A: cell cycle

True or False: As a cell grows, its volume increses more quickly than its surface area.
A: true

It strengthen and support parts of the plant which have completed elongation.
A: sclerenchymal cells

The Father of microscopy

A: Antony van Leeuwenhoek

True or False: Biologists found cells everywhere

A: true

True or False: Porins form channels that allow small molecules to freely diffuse across the
membrane to the other.
Answer: true

It organizes the inside structure of the cell by holding organelles and providing strength
A: Intermediate filaments

They may form a mass of abnormal cells.

A: CANCER

True or False: The nucleolus is inside the nucleus, and is where ribosomes are made.
Answer: true

During this phase, the cell grows rapidly while performing routine metabolic processes.
A: Growth Phase 1

Such cell types found lining your small intestine, where they absorb nutrients from your food through
protrusions.
A: microvilli

Which of the following statements is not a part of cell theory

A: Not all living things are made of one or more cells

His carefully crafted microscopes and insightful observations f microbes led to the title the" The
Father of Microscopy." Give the complete name.
A: Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

He is a British biologist and early microscopes that looked at thin slices of cork under a microscope.
Give the complete name.
A: Robert hooke

It makes and stores plant pigments

A: chromoplast

They are microscopic organisms that have neither a membrane-bound nucleus nor membrane-
bound organelles.
A: prokaryotes

An outer gelatinuous layer both joins and separates adjacent plant cells.
A: middle lamella

True or False: A gap junction or nexus is a specialized intercellular connection between a variety of
animal cell types.
Answer: true

The kind of microscopes that use more than one lens have been invented around 1595 by Zacharias
Jansen , a Dutch spectacle maker.
A: Compound Microscope

They are found in most eukaryotic cells and they are absent in some plants and most fungi.
A: centrioles

One component of cells that is common to all cells.

A: cytoplasm

True or False: The cell cycle is not controlled by regulatory proteins at three key checkpoints in the
cycle.
A: false

They are most closely resemble the generalized plant cell, desmosomes.
A: parenchymal cells

True or False: Prokaryotes have 80S ribosomes each consisting of a small (20S) and a large (60s)
subunit.
Answer: false

It is a type of junctional complex present only in vertebrates

A: Tight Junction

True or False: Cancer is a disease that occurs when the cell cycle is longer regulated.
Answer: true
It normally range between 1-100 um in diameter
A: eukaryotic cells

The process by which the information in a gene is “decodes’ by various cell molecules to produce a
functional gene product, such as a protein molecule or an RNA molecule.
A: gene expression

The Cell’s DNA is copied in the process of DNA replication.

A: Synthesis phase

True or False: In plant cells, the spindle forms with centrioles.

Answer: false

True or False: Changes in the DNA or RNA sequence can have significant phenotypc effects or they
can have no effects.
Answer: true

A new methodologies are developed, testing for more mutations will become more common and less
expensive.
A: Cystic fibrosis

This kind of disorder that can be inherited in a dominant or recessive manner.

A: genetic disorder

It is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of
highly concentration to an area of lower concentration.
A: osmosis

A mutation that is lethal prior to birth or shortly after birth.

A: homozygous

It is the representation of genetic inheritance.

A: pedigree

A kind of genetic disorder that reduced activity of a protein needed for blood clotting.
A: Hemophilia A

The exchange of genetic materials can happen many times within the same pair of homologous
chromosomes, creating unique combination of alleles.
A: Homologous combination

True or False: The mutation can be passed from one generation to the next.
A: true

It separates chromatids, similar to anaphase of mitosis.

A: Anaphase II

True or False: Individuals can be diagnosed prior to birth by genetic testing.

A: true

The stage when the synaptonemal complex degrades and homologous chromosomes disassociate
slightly from each other.
A: Diplotene stage

Human cells have ________pairs of chromosomes

A: 23

True or False: For autosomal dominant disorders, a person with the disorder has a 50% chance of
passing on the gene to their offspring.
A: true

True or False: Mitosis is the multi-phase process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell multiply.
A: false

An outer, gelatinous layer both joins and separates adjacent plant cells.
A: middle lamella

They are caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome. Only a few disorders have this
inheritance pattern.
A: X-linked dominant

True or False: It is an autosomal recessive disorder, requiring the inheritance of a defective gene
from each parent.
A: true

A condition caused by abnormalities, such as mutations in your genes or chromosomes.

A: Genetic disorder

The genetic material from two non-sister chromatids actually intertwine around each other and some
material from non-sister chromatid switch chromosomes that is the material breaks off and
reattaches at the same position in the homologous chromosome.
A: chiasma

It has normally has a negative regulatory effect on bone growth.

A: Achondroplasia Gene 3 (FGFR3)

This is an example of a recessive disorder.

A: Tay-Sachs Disease

True or False: Tay-Sachs results from mutations in the HEXA gene located on chromosomes.
A: true
In this stage, chromosome further condense
A: Diakinesis

The most common form of dwarfism in humans, and it is caused by a dominant mutation.
A: Achondroplasia

More than 98% of achondrolasia is caused by this at nucleotide 1138 of the FGFR3 gene, which
causes a glycine to arginine substitution.
A: G to A point mutation

It is an autosomal recessive inheritable disorder caused by a mutation in a gene called the cystic
fibrosis , transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)
A: Cystic fibrosis

Anyone can be a carrier of the Tay-Sachs mutation, but the disease is most common among the:
A: Ashkenazi Jewish population

Each chromosome contains two sister chromatids and each chromosomes has a ____________
present in the nucleus.
A: crossing-over

It is an autosomal dominant disorder.

A: Achondroplasia

The stage occurs as the chromosomes pair with their homologue forming homologous chromosome
pairs
A: Zygotene

True or False: Homozygous achondroplasia is usually a lethal condition.

A: true

occurs when the plasma membrane folds inward to form a channel allowing dissolved substances to
enter the cell.
A: Pinocytosis

True or False: One in 22 people of European descent are carriers of a mutated CFTR gene.
A: true

True or False: The phragmosome suspends the cell nucleus in the center of the cell in preparation
for prophase.
A: true

An affected person usually has unaffected parents who each carry a single copy of the mutated
gene.
A: Autosomal recessive
Collagen genes result in bone disorders, specifically the spectrum of osteogenesis imperfect, or
brittle bone diseases
A: Type I collagen genes

True or False: During interphase the cell grows, performs routine life process, and prepare to divide.
A: true

During this phase, the cell makes final preparations to divide.

A: Growth phase 2 (G2)

It begins after DNA replicates during interphase of the cell cycle.

A: Meiosis

True or False: Proteins are made on ribosomes.

A: true (false)

One of the main principles of biology.

A: Cell Theory

A specialized inter-cellular connection between a variety of animal cell-types.

A: Gap junction

True or False: The variety of cell shapes seen in prokaryotes and eukaryotes reflects the functions
that each cell has confirming the structure-functional relationship seen throughout seen throughout
biology.
A: true

True or False: All cells come from the other cells.

A: true

The field of Biology that studies cells.

A: Cell biology

They are made of two thin actin chains that are twisted around one another.
A: microfilaments

True or False: Research in cell Biology is closely linked to molecular biology, as well as genetics,
biochemistry and developmental biology.
A: true

It includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.

A: Mitotic Phase

True or False: When a ribosome finishes reading an mRNA molecule, the two ribosomal subunits
associate.
A: false
During the centromeres of the chromosomes line up along metaphase plate or equatorial plane, in
essence the approximate middle of the cell.
A: Metaphase

In 1858, the German doctor that observed that cells divide to produce more cells. He proposed that
all cells arise only from other cells.
A: Rudolf Virchow

True or False: The eukaryotic cells spends most of its “life” in interphase of the cell cycle.
A: True

True or False: ATP is produced by the enzyme, ATP synthase, which is a membrane protein of the
mitochondria inner membrane.
A: true

The relationship is evident (protein structure determines its function) , (nucleic acids structure results
in a genetic code) , anatomy (longer necked giraffes are more functional than short neck giraffes) ,
as well as cells.
A: structure-function relationship

True or False: A large central vacuole may occupy for 40 to 90% of a plant cell volume.
A: false

It is the phase in which the sister chromatid separate.

A: anaphase

True or False: Single celled (unicellular) organisms like bacteria can be composed of trillions of cells.
A: false

Eukaryotic DNA organized in one or more linear molecules called

A: chromosomes

They are rod-like structures made of short microtubules.

A: Centrioles

True or False: The cell cycle is a repeating series of events that cells go through.
A: true

True or False: The Cell cycle in prokaryotes is more complicated than cell cycle in eukaryotes.
A: false

True or False: Centrosomes a are associated with the nuclear membrane during prophase of the
mitosis
A: true

The watery substance that does not contain organelles, is made of 80% to 90% water.
A: cytosol
True or False: Mitosis is a single stage process.
A: false

It has a long, thin cellular extension, allowing for very quick and accurate communication and
responses.
A: Neurons

True or False: Ribosomes can be found alone or in groups within the cytoplasm.
A: true

The two German scientists who suggested that cells were the basic unit of structure and function of
all living things.
A: Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden

It is located outside the cell membrane and shapes, supports, and protects the cell.
A: cell wall

True or False: Cancer cells grow rapidly and may form a mass of abnormal cells.
A: true

True or False: Centrosomes a are associated with the nuclear membrane during prophase of the
mitosis.
A: true

It is the final step in cell division

A: cytokinesis

It is due to a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)

A: Phenylketonuria

A tail that is water fearing

A: hydrophobic

True or False: The water-fearing, hydrophobic tails face each other in the middle of the cell
membrane, because water is not found in this space.
A: true

True or False: Over 80% of unrelated individuals with with Achondropasin have the same mutation
making it one of the most common mutations in the human genome.
A: false

True or False: Gated ion channels can open or close in response to different types of stimuli such as
electrical or chemical signals.
A: true
True or False: Cystic fibrosis (CF) can result from more than a thousand different mutations in the
human genome.
A: true

If it is diagnosed early enough, an affected newborn can grow up with normal brain development.
A: PKU

True or False: A hypertonic solution is one having a lower concentration of a substance on the
outside of a cell that is found within the cells themselves.
A: false

True or False: The hypertonic solution has a lower water concentration than the hypotonic solution.
A: true

True or False: Molecules in the cell membrane does not allow it to be semi-permeable.
A: false

is a type of vacuole that removes excess water from a cell.

A: contractile vacuole

It allows only certain materials to pass through. Characteristic of the cell membrane.
A: semipermeable

True or False: Ion channels are very specific as they allow only certain ions through the cell
membrane.
A: true

is the energy-requiring process of pumping molecules and ions across membranes uphill against a
gradient.
A: Active transport

It is the to an area of lower concentration.

A: false (true)

It is the ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions such body temperature
regardless of outside conditions.
A: homeostasis

True or False: A uniport can be either a channel protein or a carrier of a protein.

A: true (false)

The plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall as it shrivels.
A: plasmolysis

True or False: Cells are found in all different types of environments, and these environments are
constantly changing.
A: true

The general term for all of the material inside the cell excluding the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
A: cytoplasm

is a cell junction specialized for cell-to- cell adhesion

A: desmosome

it is a cell junction specialized for cell-to- cell adhesion

A: desmosome

is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell
membrane.
A: Endocytosis

True or False: The hydrophobic interior of the phospholipid bilayer allow ions or polar molecules
through because they are hydrophilic or water loving.
A: false

True or False: Osmosis cannot be seen very effectively when potato slices are added to a high
concentration of salt solution.
A: false

is to transport of two substrates in the same direction across the membrane.

A: Symport

True or False: The cell cycle is controlled mainly by regulatory proteins.

A: true

Lipid barrier that surrounds the cell; also known as the plasma membrane.
A: cell membrane

The protein that assists molecules entering or leaving the cells.

A: transport protein

True or False: There is no water found on both the inside and the outside of cells.
A: false

describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to
the outside of the cell.
A: Exocytosis

They are caused by mutation on the Y chromosome

A: Y-linked disorders

True or False: Homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium rather than an unchanging state.

A: true

True or False: The inside of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic so certain molecules can easily
pass through the membrane.
A: false

True or False: If a cell has a cell wall, wall helps maintain the cell’s water balance.
A: true

A “cellular eating” occurs when the dissolved materials enter the cell.
A: Phagocytosis

True or False: Fish cells like all cells have semi-permeable membranes.
A: true

It is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize the amino
acid pheylalanine.
A: Phenylketonuria

True or False: An increased surfaced area to volume ratio means decreased exposure to the
environment.
A: false

True or False: Sclerenchymal cells strengthen and support parts of the plant which have completed
elongation.
A: true

True or False: Cells are essentially carbohydrates lipids, proteins and nuclei acids in a water
environment.
A: true

During this stage, the nucleus membrane disintegrates and microtubule spindles invade the center
of the cell.
A: prometaphase

True or False: The greater the surface area to volume ratio of a cell the easier it is for the cell to get
rid of wastes and take it essential materials such as oxygen and nutrients.
A: true

True or False: The Cell Theory has withstood intense examination of cells by modern powerful
microscope and other instruments.
A: true

True or False: Tubulin are protein that forms microtubules.

A: true
They are hair-like structures on the surface of the cell that attach to other bacterial cells or surfaces
A: pili

serves as a “jelly” in which organelles are suspended and held together by the cell membrane.
A: Cytoplasm

The action potential signalling contraction is passed efficiently and effortlessly.

A: gap junction

It is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
A: Osmosis

True or False: Cells as the primary building block of life.

A: true

True or False: Cells share the same needs.

A: true

True or False: Big cells, such as white blood cells, often grow more nuclei so that they can supply
enough proteins and RNA.
A: true

True or False: All metabolic functions carried out by a prokaryotic take place in the plasma
membrane or the cytosol.
A: true

True or False: Single-celled organisms like bacteria are obviously composed of three cells.
A: false

In this stage, chromosomes further condense.

A: diakinesis stage

True or False: The smaller subunit binds to thee transfer RNA (tRNA) while the larger subunits find
to the mRNA pattern.
A: false

This is the process of capturing a substance of particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the
cell membrane.
A: endocytosis

The mixture of a solute in a solvent.

A: Solution

True or False: A bigger cell is more effective and transporting materials, including waste products,
than a smaller cell.
A: false
It concerns the understanding of the interactions between the various systems of a cell, including the
relationship between DNA, RNA and proteins.
A: Molecular biology

TEXT:

It is a kind of disorders that can be inherited in a dominant or recessive manner.

A: Achondroplasia (WRONG)

True or False: As a cell grows, its volume decreases more quickly that its surface area.
A: false

A sheet of cytoplasm that bisects the middle of the cell.

A: PHRAGMASOME

The division of the cell's nucleus wherein the final step before two daughter cells are produced.
A: MITOSIS

The process of pairing the homologous chromosomes

A: SYNAPSIS

It is the final step in cell division.

A: CYTOKINESIS

It actually includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.

A: MITOTIC PHASE

An outer gelatinous layer that both joins and separates adjacent plant cells.
A: MIDDLE LAMELLA

The exchange of genetic materials between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

A: CROSSING OVER

It is a cell junction specialized for cell-to-cell adhesion.

A: DESMOSOME

It is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" that crisscrosses the cytoplasm.

A: CYTOSKELETON

It is essentially the opposite of prophase and prometaphase.

A: TELOPHASE

It concerns the understanding of the interactions between the various systems of a cell, including the
relationship between DNA, RNA and proteins.
A: Molecular biology