Hapter: Final Report Preliminary Design

Chapter 8
Final Report Preliminary Design
CHAPTER 8
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and

Distribution System Expansion Project (Phase II)
Chapter 8
CHAPTER 8 PRELIMINARY DESIGN
8.1 OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION FACILITIES
8.1.1 Outline of 230kV Overhead Transmission Line
OHL_Route3 is double circuit overhead transmission line which branches at the midpoint of NPP
and WPP and goes to GS5. The location of the transmission line is flat area with an altitude of 10
to 20 m. The ground is good in general. The route of the transmission line is restricted around
GS5, because of the residence. The outline of 230kV transmission line is shown in Table 8.1-1.
The location map of 230kV overhead transmission line after selection is shown in Fig. 8.1-1. A
rough route sectional view is shown in Fig. 8.1-2 and the steel tower which is due to branch is
shown in Fig. 8.1-3.
Table 8.1-1 Outline of 230kV Overhead Transmission Line
Route OHL_Route3
Nominal Voltage 230kV
Circuits 2cct
From : Midpoint of NPP and WPP
Location
To : GS5
Total Length 10.2km
Supporting structure Steel tower or Special steel tower : 31
Conductor TACSR*1 610mm2 × 2 or equivalent
Ground Wire OPGW*2 90mm2 or equivalent
Ground Wire AC*3 100mm2 or equivalent

*1 TACSR : Thermal-resistant Aluminum alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced
*2 OPGW : Optical Fiber Ground Wire
*3 AC : Aluminum Clad Steel
Source: JICA Study Team
8-1 Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and

Chapter 8
Preliminary Design Final Report

©2014 Google
Location Map of 230kV Overhead Transmission Line

OHL_Route3
Fig. 8.1-1
Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and 8-2

Chapter 8
110kV TL 110kV TL
Main
fromNPP to GS5 from GS5 to GS1
Crossing
Property Railw ay Secondary Road Secondary Road Secondary Road
60
50
height
40
above
30
sea
20
level
10
（ｍ）
Midpoint of WPP and NPP GS5

steel tow er number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Length 2.5km 5.0km 7.5km 10.2km

Fig. 8.1-2 Rough Route Sectional View of 230kV Overhead Transmission Line
Fig. 8.1-3 230kV Steel Tower in the Midpoint of NPP and WPP

Chapter 8
8.1.2 Transmission Capacity of 230kV Overhead Transmission Line
OHL_Route3 branches from the 230kV transmission line between NPP and WPP. The
transmission capacity of the 230kV overhead transmission line from the midpoint of NPP and
WPP to GS5 shall be more than 861 MVA/cct which is equivalent of the 230kV transmission line
between NPP and WPP. In consideration of the future substation's construction around the
midpoint of NPP and WPP, TACSR 610mm2 × 2 whose capacity is more than 1,300 MVA/cct
shall be used. Conductor (transmission capacity) and Ground Wire which will be used by EDC's
230kV transmission lines are shown in Table 8.1-2.
Table 8.1-2 Conductor (Transmission Capacity) and Ground Wire used by EDC
Type 230kV (Capacity)
Conductor TACSR 610mm2 × 2 (1,359MVA/cct)
ACSR *1
632mm × 22 (861MVA/cct)
400mm2 × 2 (604MVA/cct)
632mm2 (430MVA/cct)
400mm 2
(302MVA/cct)
Ground Wire AC 90 mm2, 100 mm2
GSW*2 90 mm2
OPGW 90 mm2, 100 mm2
*1 ACSR : Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
*2 GSW : Galvanized Stranded Steel Wire Source: JICA Study Team
8.1.3 Preliminary Design of 230kV Overhead Transmission Line
Preliminary design of transmission line for this Study is carried out via the following steps 1 to 6.
The preliminary design is carried out from the data which came to hand at the GREPTS (General
Requirement of Electric Power Technical Standards), SREPTS (Specific Requirements of
Electric Power Technical Standards), and a spot.
Step 1 Setup of climatic conditions

Step 2 Selection of conductor and ground wire
Step 3 Setup of Ground Clearance
Step 4 Setup of wiring conditions
Step 5 Setup of insulator set, supporting structure, and the foundation
Step 6 Separate setting of a special part
(1) Setup of climatic conditions
The main factors affecting the design of transmission line are climatic conditions. In
consideration of SREPTS and the basic design of 230kV and 115kV overhead transmission line
carried out by the Cambodia, basic climatic conditions are shown in Table 8.1-3. In consideration
of not-paved roads and actual dust conditions, the pollution level shall be little considered.

Chapter 8
Table 8.1-3 Basic Climatic Conditions

Items Range Value
Maximum 40°C
Temperature Minimum 15°C
Average 28°C
Altitude above sea level Not exceed 1,000m
Isokeraunic Level (IKL) 38-132 thunderstorm days/year
Climate Tropical
Annual Rainfall Average 1,290mm
Maximum Wind Velocity 32.0m/s
Maximum Humidity 100%

Salt contamination is little considered.
Pollution Level
Tropical condition shall be considered.
(2) Selection of conductors and ground wire
Conductor whose capacity is more than 1,300MVA/cct shall be used. Ground wires which are
used at 230kV transmission line between NPP and WPP shall be used. Technical characteristics
of conductor are shown in Table 8.1-4. And technical characteristics of ground wires are shown
in Table 8.1-5. In consideration of IKL, two ground wires shall be attached.
Table 8.1-4 Technical Characteristics of Conductor

Type of Conductor TACSR/AC 610 mm2
Component of stranded wires Al 54/3.80, AC 7/3.80
Total area of Conductor 691.8 mm2
Total Diameter 34.20 mm
Weight 2,198 kg/km
Ultimate Tensile strength 180,000 N
Modulus of elasticity 71.8 kN/mm2
Coefficient of linear expansion 20.6 × 10-6/°C
Maximum working tension Less than 72,000N
DC resistance at 20°C 0.0458 ohm/km

Chapter 8
Table 8.1-5 Technical Characteristics of Ground Wires (230kV)

Type AC 100 mm2 OPGW 90mm2
Component of stranded wires AC 7/4.3 AC 8/3.7, OP unit:1/6.0
Total area of wires 101.6 mm2 106.4 mm2
Total Diameter 12.9 mm 13.4 mm
Weight 643.7 kg/km 613.0 kg/km
Ultimate Tensile strength 112,400 N 98,300 N
Modulus of elasticity 149,100 N/mm2 149,000 N/mm2
Coefficient of linear expansion 12.9 × 10-6/°C 12.9 × 10-6/°C
Maximum working tension Less than 40,460 N Less than 35,380 N
DC resistance at 20°C 0.745 ohm/km 0.889 ohm/km
Number of optical fiber － 24
(3) Setup of ground clearance
The height of steel tower is determined by setup of clearance conditions. The minimum height
from the ground is set by GREPTS and SRPETS. With this Study, in consideration of going
through the flat ground near Phnom Penh and a large number of crossing roads, ground clearance
is considered as the minimum height of conductor above ground of roads which secures 14.2m.
Minimum height of conductor above ground (230kV) is shown in Table 8.1-6.
Table 8.1-6 Minimum Height of Conductor above Ground (230kV)

Definition area clearances
Among bare conductors and supporting
No less than 1.45m
structures, arms, guy wires and so on
Urban areas 7.7m
Areas where third persons hardly approach 6.7m
Roads and railways 14.2m
River and seas Adding 4.2m
Other facilities 4.2m
Trees 3.2m
(4) Setup of wire conditions
(a) Maximum working tension of conductor

The maximum working tension of the conductor is decided taking into account of the
following two factors.
- The maximum tension (>Maximum working tension) of the conductor must not exceed 40
percent of the ultimate Strength Tensile of the conductor.

Chapter 8
- EDS (Every Day Stress) (Tension at 28°C with no wind) is less than 25 percent of the
ultimate strength tensile of the conductor.
(b) Maximum working tension of ground wire

The maximum working tension of the ground wire is generally set up like “the sag of the
ground wire under EDS condition is below 80% of the conductor’s sag at the standard span
length (350m)”. The result by which requirements were satisfied is shown in Table 8.1-7.
Table 8.1-7 Maximum Working Tension and EDS (Max Span Length = 500m)
Type UTS Maximum Working Tension EDS
TACSR/AC 49,030N 33,620N
180,000N
610mm2 (MWT / UTS =27%) (EDS/UTS=19%)
19,620N 13,930N
AC 100mm2 112,400N
(MWT / UTS =18%) (EDS/UTS=13%)
19,620N 14,320N
OPGW 90mm2 98,300N
* The part where span length is especially short and branch part inquire separately. Source: JICA Study Team
(c) Sag of conductor

Because the transmission line progress place of this Table 8.1-8 Sag of Conductor
study does not almost have a vertical interval and is (at 150°C with no wind)
subject to the influence of steel tower's height by span
Span length Sag
length, it sets the maximum span length to 500 m. The
200 m 6.77 m
outline calculation result of sag by span length is
shown in Table 8.1-8. 250 m 8.80 m
300 m 11.3 m
(5) Setup of insulator set, supporting structure, and the 350 m 14.2 m
foundation 400 m 17.5 m
450 m 21.1 m
(a) Insulator set 500 m 25.1 m
The ball socket type or clevis type suspension insulator
(standard disc type porcelain insulator) which shall
comply with IEC (International Electrotechnical
Commission) 60120 and 60305 or equivalent is used for
an insulator set. The specifications of an insulator are
shown in Table 8.1-9. An insulator is shown in Fig.
8.1-4. The insulator number may be 17 pieces equivalent
to the 230kV transmission line which passes from WPP
to NPP.
Fig. 8.1-4 SU165BN
Source: NGK Catalogue

Chapter 8
Table 8.1-9 Insulator Size

Type Height Diameter R.U.S. Remarks
SU165BN × 2 146mm 254mm 330kN Tension (NGK)
U160BP × 2 146mm 320mm 320kN Tension (Chinese)
SU165BN 146mm 254mm 165kN suspension (NGK)
U160BP 146mm 320mm 160kN suspension (Chinese)
SU120CN 146mm 254mm 120kN suspension (NGK)
(b) Supporting structure

Supporting structure uses a steel tower or a special steel tower. Special steel tower shall be
used along the railway. Fundamental steel tower types are four models (A ~ D) shown in
Table 8.1-10. The part which crosses a 115kV transmission line designs individually. The
example of the construction drawing of a steel tower is shown in Fig. 8.1-5
Table 8.1-10 Fundamental Steel Tower Type

Tower Type Insulator String Horizontal Angle of Line
A Suspension 0° ~ 3°
B Tension 0° ~ 30°
C Tension with supporting 0° ~ 60°
D Tension with supporting Dead end tower
12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0

4.0
4.0
7.0
7.0
12.0 12.0
12.0
7.0
7.0
12.0
7.0
7.0
.
12.0
12.0
12.0
49.0
49.0
12.0
7.0
49.0
7.0
49.0
7.0
7.0
12.0 12.0
12.0
12.0
31.0
31.0
28.0
28.0
Fig. 8.1-5 Steel Tower’s Example

(Left side : steel tower, Right side : Special steel tower)

Chapter 8
(c) Foundation
The result of having boring, it is assumed that supporters come out more shallowly.
Therefore generally adopts Pad & Chimney foundation shown in Table 8.1-11. As the result
of an additional geological survey, the possibility of the use of Mat foundation use is
examined. The example of foundation type is shown in Fig. 8.1-6.
Table 8.1-11 Foundation Type and Application

Foundation Type Application
Pad & Chimney - N value : More than 10
- Flat area with good soil condition
Mat - N value : Less than 10
- Flat area with soft soil condition, and in which differential
displacement might occur at Pad & Chimney
GL GL
Fig. 8.1-6 Foundation’s Example

(Left：Pad & Chimney，Right：Mat)
(6) Separate setting of a special part
(a) The crossing part of 115kV transmission line

For the restrictions of this ground, it crosses 115kV transmission line 2 times. The height of
steel tower is needed over 60m at least, because the height of the 115kV existing steel tower
is 28 ~ 40m and it is a flat ground. Therefore, checking about the installation of the red and
white steel tower and the aviation sign etc. is required.
(b) The part along the railway

The railway is not used now. But at the part along the railway, it considers so that there may
be no cave-in of a railway in considering of the possibility of prospective use.
(c) Road crossing part

At the road crossing part, the height of the conductor at least needs 14.2m. But it makes
higher, because of the existing distribution line and the existing structure.

Chapter 8
8.1.4 230kV Rough Construction Process
The rough construction process shown in Table 8.1-13 was based on the track record neighboring
countries and in the past. If land acquisition is completed, a process can be shortened by putting
in many construction groups.
Table 8.1-12 Rough Construction Process of 230kV Transmission Line

Work Items 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Check survey and soil boring

Cleaning of right of way
Construction of access road
Preparation of documents /
drawings and approval
Manufacturing
Foundation work
Tower erection work
Stringing work
Test and commissioning
8.1.5 Outline of 115kV Overhead Transmission Lines
There are two 115kV overhead transmission lines in this Study. One is OHL_Route6 which
connects from GS5 to Chroy Changvar S/S. Another is OHL_Route7 which branches at the
midpoint of GS5 and GS1 and goes to Toul Kork S/S. The outline of 115kV overhead
transmission lines is shown in Table 8.1-14. The location map of 115kV overhead transmission
lines is shown in Fig. 8.1-7 and Fig. 8.1-8. A rough OHL_Route6 sectional view is shown in Fig.
8.1-9.
Table 8.1-13 Outline of 115kV Overhead Transmission Lines

Route OHL_Route6 OHL_Route7
Nominal Voltage 115kV 115kV
Circuits 2cct 2cct
Location From GS5 From Midpoint of GS5 and GS1
To Chroy Changvar To Toul Kork
Total Length 20.2km 0.1km
Supporting structure Concrete pole ........... 136 Steel pipe pole.............. 1
Steel pipe pole ............. 9
Steel tower ................. 33
(included 4cct steel tower: 4)
Conductor ACSR 632mm2 or AAC* 250mm2 × 2
ACSR 250mm2 equivalent
Ground-Wire OPGW 70mm2 or equivalent OPGW 70mm2 × 2
AC 90mm2 or equivalent
*AAC : All Aluminum Conductor Source: JICA Study Team
Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and 8 - 10

Chapter 8

©2014 Google
Location Map of 115kV Overhead Transmission Lines

OHL_Route7
OHL_Route6
Fig. 8.1-7
8 - 11 Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and

Chapter 8
OHL_Route7
approx. 0.1km
©2014 Google
Fig. 8.1-8 Location Map of 115kV_OHL_Route7
Main 110kV TL
fromGS5 to GS1
Crossing Tonle Sap
Property Lake Fish pond River Fish pond
60
50
height
40
above
30
sea
20
level
10
（ｍ）
GS5 ChroyChangvar
supporting mainly concrete pole and steel pipe pole Steel tower
Length 5.0km 7.7km 10.0km 15.0km 20.2km

Fig. 8.1-9 Rough Route Sectional View of 115kV_OHL_Route6

Chapter 8
8.1.6 Transmission Capacity of 115kV Overhead Transmission Line
The future demand of Chroy Changvar assumes 234 MW (246MVA) of maximum power
demand in 2030 from Table 3.2-8 “Peak Demand of Each Grid Substation in Phnom Penh
System”. Therefore, OHL-Route6 shall have the transmission capacity of 75% of two circuits
larger than this maximum power demand, and it shall use ACSR 632mm2 which has an adoption
track record in Cambodia. OHL_Route7 branches at the midpoint of GS5 and GS1. Therefore
AAC 250mm2 × 2 which is used at 115kV transmission line between GS5 and GS1 shall be used.
Conductor (Transmission Capacity) and Ground Wire which are used by EDC are shown in Table
8.1-15.
Table 8.1-14 Conductor (Transmission Capacity) and Ground Wire used by EDC
Type 115kV (Capacity)
Conductor ACSR 632mm2 (215MVA/cct)
150mm2 ( 85MVA/cct)
AAC 250mm2 × 2 (238MVA/cct)
Ground Wire AC 90mm2
GSW 50mm2, 70mm2
OPGW 70mm2
8.1.7 Preliminary Design of 115kV Transmission Line
Preliminary design of 115kV transmission lines for this Study is carried out a procedure
equivalent to 220kV.
(1) Setup of climatic conditions
The climatic conditions are the same as that of 230kV transmission line.
(2) Selection of conductors and ground wire
The conductor which has a track record by the 115kV transmission line is selected. Technical
characteristics of conductor are shown in Table 8.1-16. And Technical characteristics of ground
wire are shown in Table 8.1-17. In consideration of IKL, two ground wires shall be attached in
the steel tower section.
Table 8.1-15 Technical Characteristics of Conductors (115kV)

Type of Conductor ACSR 632mm2 AAC 250 mm2
Component of stranded wires Al 45/4.20, St 7/2.80 19/4.22
Total area of Aluminum wires 666.55 mm2 265.7 mm2
Approximate Overall Diameter 33.60 mm 21.10 mm
Weight 2,060 kg/km 731 kg/km
Modulus of elasticity 71.1 kN/mm2 56.0 kN/mm2
Coefficient of linear expansion 20.85 × 10-6/°C 23 × 10-6/°C

Chapter 8
Table 8.1-16 Technical Characteristics of Ground-wires (115kV)

Type OPGW 70 mm2 AC 90 mm2
Component of stranded wires St 8/3.2, Al 1/5.0 AC 7/4.115
Total area of steel wires 64.34 mm2 93.05 mm2
Overall Diameter 11.4 mm 12.35 mm
Weight 454 kg/km 619 kg/km
Modulus of elasticity 149 kN/mm2 149 kN/mm2
Coefficient of linear expansion 12.9 × 10-6/°C 12.9 × 10-6/°C
Number of optical fiber 24 －
(3) Setup of ground clearance
The minimum height from the ground is set by GREPTS and SREPTS. Minimum height of
conductor above ground (115kV) is shown in Table 8.1-18.
Table 8.1-17 Minimum Height of Conductor above Ground (115kV)

Definition area clearances
Among bare conductors and supporting
No less than 0.70m
structures, arms, guy wires and so on
Urban areas 7.0m
Areas where third persons hardly approach 6.0m
Roads and railways 13.5m
River and seas Adding 3.5m
Other facilities 3.5m
Trees 2.5m
(4) Setup of wire conditions
(a) Maximum working tension of conductor

The maximum working tension of the conductor is decided taking into account of the
following two factors.
- The maximum tension (>Maximum working tension) of the conductor must not exceed 40
percent of the ultimate Strength Tensile of the conductor.
- EDS (Tension at 28°C with no wind) is less than 25 percent of the ultimate strength tensile
of the conductor.
(b) Maximum working tension of ground wire

The maximum working tension of the ground wire is generally set up like “the sag of the
ground wire under EDS condition is below 80% of the conductor’s sag at the standard span
length (450m)”. The result by which requirements were satisfied is shown in Table 8.1-19.

Chapter 8
Table 8.1-18 Maximum Working Tension and EDS (Max Span Length = 600m)
Type UTS Maximum Working Tension EDS
47,070N 31,780N
ACSR 632mm2 148,700N
19,620N 14,120N
AC 90mm2 101,000N
19,620N 15,000N
OPGW 70mm2 78,000N
* The part where span length is especially short and branch part inquire separately. Source: JICA Study Team
(c) Sag of conductor Table 8.1-19 Sag of Conductor

(at 90°C with no wind)
Because the transmission line progress place of this
study does not almost have a vertical interval and is Span length Sag
subject to the influence of steel tower quantity by span 200 m 5.34 m
length, it sets the maximum span length to 600m. The 250 m 7.09 m
outline calculation result of sag by span length is shown 300 m 9.49 m
in Table 8.1-20. 350 m 12.3 m
400 m 15.4 m
(5) Setup of insulator set, supporting structure, and the 450 m 18.9 m
foundation 500 m 22.9 m
550 m 27.2 m
(a) Insulator set
600 m 32.0 m
The ball socket type or clevis type suspension insulator Source: JICA Study Team
(standard disc type porcelain insulator) which shall

comply with IEC 60120 and 60305 or equivalent is used for an insulator set. The
specifications of an insulator are shown in Table 8.1-21. The insulator number may be 9
pieces equivalent to general 115kV transmission line.
Table 8.1-20 Insulator Size

Type Height Diameter R.U.S. Remarks
SU165BN 146mm 254mm 165kN Tension (NGK)
U160BP 146mm 320mm 160kN Tension (Chinese)
SU120CN 146mm 254mm 120kN suspension (NGK)
(b) Supporting structure

Supporting structure uses a steel tower, a concrete pole, and a steel pipe pole. A concrete
pole is adopted only as a suspension type. A steel pipe pole is used for the tension type
connected with a concrete pole and a steel tower. A river crossing point is separately
considered as an individual design.
(c) Foundation
As the result of the boring, it is assumed that supporters are deep. Therefore, generally it
adopts Pile foundation or Rahmen foundation shown in Table 8.1-22. As the result of an

Chapter 8
additional geological survey, the use of other foundation is also considered. The structure of
Pile foundation and Rahmen foundation is shown in Fig. 8.1-10.
Table 8.1-21 Foundation Type and Application

Foundation Type Application
Pad & Chimney - N value : More than 10
- Flat area with good soil condition
Mat - N value : Less than 10
- Flat area with soft soil condition, and in which differential
displacement might occur at Pad & Chimney
Pile - N value : Less than 10
- Flat area with soft soil condition, and in which it is difficult to
withstand compression stress at Pad & Chimney and Mat
Rahmen - N value : Less than 10
- Flat area with soft soil condition, and high water level
water level water level
GL GL
(Source: JICA Study Team)
Fig. 8.1-10 Foundation’s Example

(Left : Pile, Right : Rahmen)
(6) Separate setting of a special part
(a) Crossing point in Tonle Sap River

At the crossing point in Tonle Sap River, the steel tower is the type of 4cct design with
230kV transmission line. The upside transmission lines are 230kV, and the lower
transmission lines are 115kV. If crossing of a ship is taken into consideration, the height of
the steel tower at least needs 90m. At the same time, the examination about the installation
of the red and shite steel tower and the aviation sign etc. is required.
(b) Crossing point of 115kV transmission line

The transmission line needs to cross the 115kV transmission line from GS5 to GS1 near
GS5. The steel tower adopts on the both ends of the crossing point.

Chapter 8
8.1.8 115kV Rough Construction Process
The rough construction process shown in Table 8.1-25 is required for 12 months as a
construction period in the dry season. If land acquisition is completed, a process can be shortened
by putting in many construction groups.
Table 8.1-22 Rough Construction Process of 115kV Transmission Line

Work Items 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Check survey and soil boring

Cleaning of right of way
Construction of access road
Preparation of documents /
drawings and approval
Manufacturing
Foundation work
Tower erection work
Stringing work
Test and commissioning

Chapter 8
8.2 UNDERGROUND TRANSMISSION FACILITIES
8.2.1 Outline of Underground Transmission Line Route
The 230kV/115kV underground transmission lines are shown in Table 8.2-1 and the route maps
are shown in the following pages. And detailed cable route is shown in Appendix-4. UG_Route 5
was decided to be excluded from the scope of the Project following the discussion between JICA
and EDC.
Table 8.2-1 Route Profile of 230kV/115kV Underground Transmission Lines

No. of Route
Route Name Starting Point Ending Point Voltage Level
Circuit Length
UG_Route5 NCC* GS3 115 kV 2 0.4 km
UG_Route4 GS5 NCC 230 kV 1 9.28 km
: UG_Route 5 was decided to be excluded from the scope of the Project following the discussion between
JICA and EDC.
* NCC : National Control Center


UG_Route 4 L= 9.28 km
[GS5 ~ NCC]
Duct Bank System (600MVA – 1 cct)
: Duct bank
Final Report
: Joint bay (34 numbers)
GS5
Pipe Jacking Method

（Cross the Road）100m
Pipe Jacking Method

（Cross the Waterway,
8 - 19
Railway 50m*2）
NCC
©2014 Google
Fig. 8.2-1 Location Map of Tentative Route (UG_Route 4)

Preliminary Design
Chapter 8
UG_Route 5 L= 0.4km
[NCC ~ GS3]
Chapter 8
Duct Bank System (200MVA – 2 ccts)

: Duct bank
Preliminary Design
: Joint bay (1 number)

GS3
NCC
8 - 20
Pipe Jacking Method
（Cross the Road）
©2014 Google
Fig. 8.2-2 Location Map of Tentative Route (UG_Route 5)

Final Report
Chapter 8
8.2.2 Transmission Capacity of Underground Transmission Line
The transmission capacity of the 230kV underground transmission line (1 circuit) from GS5 to
NCC shall be 600MVA and the transmission capacity of the 115kV underground transmission
line (2 circuits) from NCC to GS3 shall be 200MVA.
8.2.3 Type of 230kV/115kV Underground Cable and Installation Method
The duct bank system is to be applied as standard installation method of underground cable.
If the direct burial installation method is to be applied, open cut trenching will remain open for
about one month, thus, there is a possibility of hindrances occurring to the life of the
neighborhood and traffic disturbances, especially in the congested areas, narrow roads, heavy
traffic roads, etc. To protect the above inconveniences, the duct bank system shall be applied to
eliminate open cut places.
Moreover, in order to cope with the issue described in Section 4.2 (2) “Field survey of
underground transmission line project of Phase 1”, the points shown below adopt the pipe
jacking method.
- From the technical viewpoint, the duct bank system construction method is very difficult.
(Such as waterway crossing and railway crossing)
- Crossing of a wide road
(1) Burial Depth, Soil Temperature and Soil Thermal Resistivity
For the calculation of the current carrying capacity of the underground transmission line (cable),
it is recommended that the maximum conductor temperature shall be 90°C as a mandatory
condition to keep the XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene) insulation in sound condition from the
thermal deterioration/impact during its design life of 30 years.
In particular, if the burial depth is deeper, then the cables may be safer from the outside
mechanical damages, but current carrying capacity of cables will be reduced according to the
burial depth. In Cambodia, the burial depth of underground equipment such as the distribution
cables and communication cables have been specified at 1.2m. Based on the above facts, the
JICA Study Team decided that the burial depth should be a minimum of 1.2m from the surface of
the ground.
On the other hand, the soil temperature and soil thermal resistivity were specified as 30°C and
1.2 K.m/W according to the same specified value of surrounding countries such as Thailand and
Vietnam.
The above-mentioned parameter is the same as that of the Phase 1 Project (Preparatory Survey
for Phnom Penh City Transmission and Distribution System Expansion Project in Cambodia).
(2) Cable Type and Installation Configuration
The current carrying capacities with related conductor sizes of 230kV/115kV underground cables
shall be shown in Fig. 8.2-3 and Fig. 8.2-4 calculated on the conditions of Table 8.2-2.

Chapter 8
Table 8.2-2 Calculated Conditions of Underground Cable Capacity

Burial depth (Top of ducts) 1.2 m
Distance between each cables 250 mm
Soil thermal resistivity 1.2 K.m/W
Soil temperature 30°C
1,300
Soil thermal res. : 1.2K.m/W
Soil Temperature : 30 deg.C
1,200
1,100
Current Carrying Capacity (A)
1,000
900
800
700
1cct
600 2cct
500
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
Conductor Size (mm2)
Fig. 8.2-3 Current Carrying Capacities of 230kV Underground Cables


Chapter 8
1800
Soil thermal res. : 1.2K.m/W

1600
Soil Temperature : 30 deg.C
Current Carrying Capacity (A)
1400
1200
1000
800
2cct (Single)
1cct (Single)
600
2cct (Triplex)
1cct (Triplex)
400
200
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Conductor Size (mm2)
Fig. 8.2-4 Current Carrying Capacities of 115kV Underground Cables

The required power current of the 600MVA transmission capacity at 230kV voltage is 1,506A.
This power current is too large for the 230kV voltage level.
As shown in Fig. 8.2-3, the power current carrying capacity of the maximum conductor size of
2,500 mm2 is 1,185A which is unable to pass the required capacity of 1,506A at a 600MVA
transmission capacity.
Based on the above study, it is necessary to have two (2) cables per phase to carry the 600MVA
transmission capacity. In other words, a total of six cables are necessary for the one circuit.
From the above calculation results shown in Fig. 8.2-3, dual cables with 1,200 mm2 copper
conductor are capable to pass the required capacity for a 600MVA transmission capacity at
230kV voltage.
The required power current of the 200MVA transmission capacity at 115kV voltage (2 cct) is
670A (133.3MVA/ cct). As shown in Fig. 8.2-4, both single and triplex cables with 1,000 mm2
copper conductor are capable to pass the required capacity for a 200MVA (2cct) transmission
capacity at 115kV voltage. From the result of study in the Phase 1 Project, the application of
triplex cables is preferable due to cheaper civil construction costs.
Typical cable construction of 230kV 1,200 mm2 1-core type XLPE cable and 115kV 1,000 mm2
triplex type XLPE cable are shown in Fig. 8.2-5 and Fig. 8.2-6.

Chapter 8
Copper Conductor
Conductor Screen
XLPE Insulation (Nom. 23mm)
Insulation Screen
Bedding and Screen Tapes
Extruded Seamless Corrugated
Aluminum Sheath
PVC Sheath with Graphite Coating
1,200 mm2
Overall diameter Approx. 127 mm
Weight Approx. 23 kg/m
Drum length Max. 600 m
Fig. 8.2-5 Typical Cable Construction of 230kV 1,200mm2 1-core Type XLPE Cable
Copper Conductor
Conductor Screen
XLPE Insulation (Nom. 13mm)
Insulation Screen
Copper Wire Shield (1.2mm x 80nos.)
Water Swelling Tape
Aluminum Laminated Water barrier
PVC Sheath with Graphite Coating
1,000 mm2
Core diameter Approx. 88 mm
Overall diameter Approx. 191 mm
Weight Approx. 45 kg/m
Drum length Max. 400 m
Fig. 8.2-6 Typical Cable Construction of 115kV 1,000 mm2 Triplex Type XLPE Cable
8.2.4 Study of Construction Method of Underground Transmission Facilities
The study of the construction method of underground transmission lines shall be done
considering the following factors.
 Conditions of the road, such as the width, nos. of lanes, intersection, interruption, congestion,
etc.
 Underground equipment, such as the manhole of a drainage system, water air valve, etc.
 Surrounding conditions, such as land estates, buildings, etc.

Chapter 8
(1) Construction Method
Considering existing man made trees and manholes onto the sideway, and underground
distribution cables beneath the sideway, underground cables will be installed under the roadway
especially inside the space alongside the sideway. But Pipe Jacking Method is applied in the
following locations.
- From the technical viewpoint, the duct bank system construction method is very difficult.
(Such as waterway crossing and railway crossing)
- Crossing of a wide road with heavy traffic volume.
Comparison Sheet by construction method between 1-core / pipe and 3-core / pipe at 230kV is
shows in Table 8.2-3.
From the comparison sheet shown in Table 8.2-3, the application of 1-core cable installed into
one pipe method is preferable due to cheaper construction costs and shorter construction time in
the 230kV underground transmission line. If externally caused injury and an accident occur,
replacement of all the three cables will be needed. The viewpoint of this maintenance is also
taken into consideration, 1-core / pipe is adopted.
Standard Cross-sectional Drawing (Duct Bank Method) is shown in Fig. 8.2-7.
Pipe Jacking Method applied to the following four locations;

 230kV underground transmission line.
Waterway crossing 1 location (Refer to Fig. 8.2-1)
Railway crossing 1 location (Refer to Fig. 8.2-1)
Crossing of a wide road with heavy traffic volume in front of NCC
1 location (Refer to Fig. 8.2-1)
 115kV underground transmission line.
Crossing of a wide road with heavy traffic volume in front of NCC
1 location (Refer to Fig. 8.2-2)
At the location of a straight road with clear view, and no traffic signal at nearby crossing road,
the pipe jacking method is not necessary to apply. In this case, Duct Bank Method is acceptable
even the cable crossing the intersection.
In this case, location is conducted by each lane to reduce the traffic jam.
Stand facility for pipe jacking method are required. Required size for construction base of pipe
jacking method are shown in Fig. 8.2-8 and Fig. 8.2-9. And Standard Cross-sectional Drawing of
Pipe Jacking Method is shown in Fig. 8.2-10.
One of the points of concern for Pipe Jacking Method is the dielectric breakdown of cable.
Usually, air mortar is generally filled up in a Hume pipe with Pipe Jacking Method. However, by
generation of heat from a cable, if air mortar dries, transfer of the heat to circumference soil will
worsen. As a result, cable temperature is further raised, and in the worst case, the dielectric
breakdown of cable may occur.
For this reason, the structure transmits the heat which a cable emits to surrounding soil, and
emission cooling of the heat is promptly required.

Chapter 8
As this countermeasure, TC Grout (Thermal Conduction Grout) is applied as a filling material

between Hume pipe and pipe of cable. TC Grout drawing is shown in Fig. 8.2-11 as reference.
And G value of each material is shown in Table 8.2-4.
Table 8.2-3 Comparison Sheet by Construction Method between 1-core / Pipe and 3-core /
Pipe (230kV)
Construction
1-core /1 pipe 3-core / 1 pipe
method
Cross sectional
view
(conceptual)
Inside diameter
φ 175 × 6 pipes φ 300 × 2 pipes
of pipe
Maximum span of
Approximately 300 m Approximately 200 m
installation cable
Standard Cheap
Material of pipe (116 USD/m × 9 km × 6 sets (260 USD/m × 9 km × 2 sets
= 6.3 million USD) = 4.7 million USD
Trench excavation,
Standard Somewhat cheap
back filling and
(361 USD/m × 9 km = 3.2 million USD) (318 USD/m × 9 km = 2.9 million USD
installation of pipes
Standard Same 1
Material of cable (353 USD/unit × 9km × 6 sets (353 USD/unit × 9km × 6 sets
=19.1 million USD) =19.1 million USD)
Standard Somewhat expensive
Installation of cable (39 USD/unit × 9km × 6 sets (78 USD/unit × 9km × 2 sets
Material of cable Standard Expensive
(14,124 USD/unit × 204 units (14,124 USD/unit × 270 units
connection
Standard Expensive
Construction cost (64,200 USD/unit × 45 units
(64,200 USD/unit × 34 units
of Joint Bay =2.2 million USD) =2.9 million USD)
Standard Expensive
Total Cost
(35.8 million USD) (37.6 million USD)
Construction Standard About 1.5 times

Period (14 months) (21 months)
Evaluation Recommended -
Length of underground transmission line: 9 km Source: JICA Study Team
1 Although this comparison was performed in the same cable size, since there is no distance between cable (Phase) according to the conditions,
in the case of 3-core / pipe, increase of required cable diameter may occur.

Chapter 8
230kV TYPE 115kV TYPE

Fig. 8.2-7 Standard Cross-sectional Drawing (Duct Bank Method)

2.6 m
2.6 m
Excavator Excavator
6.5 m 3.3 m
Start point End point

Fig. 8.2-8 Required Scape for Stand of Pipe Jacking Method
In case of on the road In the case of inside of NCC boundary

Fig. 8.2-9 Required Size for Construction Base of Pipe Jacking Method (Start point)

Chapter 8
230kV TYPE 115kV TYPE

Fig. 8.2-10 Standard Cross-sectional Drawing (Pipe Jacking Method)
Pipe for Cable
TC－Grout
Hume
Concrete Pipe
Fig. 8.2-11 Thermal Conduction Grout

Table 8.2-4 G value of Each Material (k.cm/w)

Name of material G value
Concrete Approx. 100
Soil Approx. 50 ~ 100
TC Grout Approx. 70 ~ 170
Water Approx. 170
Air mortar Approx. 500 ~ 1,000
Air Approx. 4,000

Chapter 8
(2) Study of Joint Bay
JICA Study Team studied the Joint Bay which was necessary for power cable connections. The
structure figure of the Joint Bay are shown in Fig. 8.2-12.
 Structure of the Joint Bay

Temporary inside dimensions of Joint Bay for cable connection works are shown in Table
8.2-5. For economical and ruggedness structure, reinforced concrete structure shall be applied.
 Construction method of Joint Bay

It will take approximately several months from the laying of the power cable to the
connection.
By adopting a temporary steel cover plate, common vehicles are able to pass through except
during construction period of 230kV transmission line.
Table 8.2-5 Temporary Inside Dimension of Joint Bay

Length Width Depth
230kV 1,200sq-1C × 6 10.5m 2m 1.6m
115kV 1,000sq-CVT × 2 8.1m 2m 1.6m
Fig. 8.2-12 Temporary Structure Figure of 230kV Joint Bay


Chapter 8
Fig. 8.2-13 Temporary Structure Figure of 115kV Joint Bay

8.2.5 Construction Schedule
Construction schedule is shown in Table 8.2-7 and Table 8.2-8. Because two or more
construction work teams are introduced, shorter implementation schedule will be expected.

Chapter 8
Table 8.2-6 Construction Schedule for Underground Transmission Facilities 1

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Items B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME B ME
230kV Underground
B: Beginning of the month
Procurement/Manufacturing M: Middle of the month
Joint Bay Construction E: End of the month
No.01MH
No.02MH
No.03MH
No.04MH
No.05MH
No.06MH
No.07MH
No.08MH
No.09MH
No.10MH
No.11MH
No.12MH
No.13MH
No.14MH
No.15MH
No.16MH
No.17MH
No.18MH
No.19MH
No.20MH
No.21MH
No.22MH
No.23MH
No.24MH
No.25MH
No.26MH
No.27MH
No.28MH
No.29MH
No.30MH
No.31MH
No.32MH
No.33MH
No.34MH
Pipe Jacking Construction
NCC ~ Cross the road 200m
Cross the railway 50m
Cross the waterway 50m
Excavation of Pipe setting
Backfilling 20m/day
NCC -No.01MH 200m （200m）
No.01MH-No.02MH 210m
No.14MH-No.15MH 250m （150m）
No.34MH- GS5 250m

Chapter 8

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Cable Pulling/Laying
NCC -No.01MH 200m
No.34MH- GS5 250m
Joint Bay Cable Jointing
No.01MH
No.02MH
No.03MH
No.04MH
No.05MH
No.06MH
No.07MH
No.08MH
No.09MH
No.10MH
No.11MH
No.12MH
No.13MH
No.14MH
No.15MH
No.16MH
No.17MH
No.18MH
No.19MH
No.20MH
No.21MH
No.22MH
No.23MH
No.24MH
No.25MH
No.26MH
No.27MH
No.28MH
No.29MH
No.30MH
No.31MH
No.32MH
No.33MH
No.34MH
Cable Terminating
NCC
GS5
Cable Test
Communication Cable

Chapter 8

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
115kV Underground
Procurement/Manufacturing
Joint Bay Construction
No.01MH
No.02MH
Pipe Jacking Construction
NCC～Cross the road 100m
Excavation of Pipe setting
Backfilling 30m/day
　No.01MH-No.02MH 200m
No.02MH-GS3　　 100m
Cable Pulling/Laying
NCC -No.01MH 100m
No.02MH-GS3　　 100m
Joint Bay Cable Jointing
No.01MH
No.02MH
Cable Terminating
NCC
GS3
Cable Test

Chapter 8
8.3 SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT
8.3.1 New Substation (NCC, Toul Kork, Chroy Changvar)
(1) Design concept
(a) Substation type

One of the fundamental decisions to be made at the planning stage is the selection of the
type of substation to be applied.
The general characteristics of a GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) substation make it
particularly suitable for applications in urban areas, in environmentally sensitive areas, and
in areas with high levels of atmospheric pollution. GIS substation is advantageous and new
construction of the substation on site within a limited, even in the construction replacement
substation of the application of the AIS (Air Insulated Switchgear).
Table 8.3-1 Comparison of AIS and GIS

GIS AIS
Installation area small large
Cost high low
Recovery time of equipment failure long short
Anti-fouling performance high low
Consideration of the surrounding environment easy difficult
In this project, NCC and Toul Kork Substation construction sites that EDC has been secured
are located in urban area of Phnom Penh City and the site size is too small to apply AIS.
Therefore, JICA Study Team determined to apply the indoor type GIS substation to these
two substations.
On the other hand, as for Chroy Changvar substation, assuming that the site area is
sufficient, the application of AIS substation which has an advantage of cost was considered.
(b) Capacity of the substations

The final capacity of the new distribution substation shall be 150MVA, which is determined
in consideration of the future demand and capacity of the other Phnom Penh City substation.
The final capacity of the new interconnection substation shall be 600MVA, which is
determined in consideration of the future demand and effective utilization of
transmission facilities capacity.
In addition, the initial capacity is 50% of the final plan capacity for both of distribution
substation and interconnection substation.
(c) Capacity and number of transformers

Since the sites of NCC and Toul Kork are constrained, the capacity and number of
transformer in NCC and Toul Kork should be as follows.

Chapter 8
NCC: 230kV/115kV Transformer 300MVA ×1

(To secure a space for one future expansion)
115kV/22kV Transformer 75MVA ×1
Toul Kork: 115kV/22kV Transformer 75MVA ×1
Since the site has to keep a margin in order to take into account a scheduled extension to
230kV AIS substation, the capacity and number of transformer in Chroy Changvar is as
follows.
Chroy 115kV/22kV Transformer 75MVA × 1
Changvar: (To secure a space for one or two future expansion)
(d) Protection rely system

The protection relay of the new substation should be to match that of the existing substation
equipment from the viewpoint of maintenance and operations as much as possible. The main
protection relays should be as shown in the following:
- 230kV & 115kV Bus protection relay: differential relay
- 230kV & 115kV Line protection relay: differential relay
- 230kV & 115kV Transformer protection relay: differential relay
- 22kV distribution line relay: over current relay, earth fault relay
(e) Reactive power supply capability

A phase modifying equipment to be installed in this project is shunt capacitor of 150MVar.
Placement of phase modifying equipment in the new substation is as follows.
NCC: 115kV Shunt Capacitor 30MVar ×1

(The installed in substation building rooftop)
Chroy 115kV Shunt Capacitor 30MVar ×1
Changvar: (To ensure a space for three future expansion)
(2) Basic specifications of the main equipment
(a) Main transformer
Table 8.3-2 Basic Specification of Main Transformer (NCC)

Basic specification
230kV/115kV Type YN Auto d1
Transformer Rated voltage 230 kV／115 kV
Rated capacity (Primary/secondary) 300MVA

Chapter 8
(b) Distribution transformer
Table 8.3-3 Basic Specification of Distribution Transformer

Basic specification
115kV/22kV Type YNd11+zn
Transformer Rated voltage 115 kV／22 kV
(c) 230kV switchgear (NCC)
Table 8.3-4 Basic Specification of 230kV Switchgear

Basic specification
Rated voltage 230 kV
Bus bar configuration Single bus-bar type (Double bus in the future)
Insulation type GIS
Rated current 2,000A
Rated short-time withstand current 40kA
(d) 115kV switchgear

Basic specification
NCC, Rated voltage 115kV
Chroy Bus bar configuration Single bus bar type (double bus in the future *1)
Changvar Insulation type GIS (NCC) / AIS (Chroy Changvar)
Rated current 1250A, 2,000A (Secondary MTr)
Rated short-time withstand current 31.5kA
Toul Kork Rated voltage 115 kV
Bus bar configuration Single bus bar type
Insulation type GIS
(e) 22kV switchgear

Basic specification
Rated voltage 24 kV
Bus bar configuration Single bus bar type
Housing Metal-clad, indoor, switchgear
Rated current 2,500A or 3,150A (Bus-bar, Tr(75MVA)),
2,000A or 2,500A (Tr, Bus-tie),
300A or 630A (line)

Chapter 8
(f) 115kV shunt capacitor
Table 8.3-7 Basic Specification of 115kV Shunt Capacitor

Basic specification
Type Can Type
Rated capacity 30MVar
(3) New GIS substation at NCC
(a) Location
According to the result of the field survey, the location is a south part of the NCC. Fig. 8.3-1
shows a survey map of candidate site, whose size is approximately 30m × 105 m.
Fig. 8.3-1 GIS Substation Site at NCC

Chapter 8
(b) Equipment & layout
Table 8.3-8 Substation Equipment (NCC)

Number of equipment
230kV GIS bus Single bus (Double bus in the future)
230kV line 1 lines (2 lines in the future)
230kV/115kV Transformer (300MVA) 1 banks (2 banks in the future)
115kV GIS bus Single bus (Double bus in the future)
115kV/22kV Transformer (75MVA) 1 bank (2 banks in the future)
115kV Shunt capacitor 1 unit (1 unit in the future)
In addition, Fig. 8.3-2 shows the single line diagram of the substation.
Fig. 8.3-2 Single Line Diagram of Substation at NCC
For placement on site within a limited area, while ensuring access or passage for the
instrument of future expansion of the space required for installation and maintenance work,
the equipment arrangement design aims to be compact.
Equipment except the distribution transformer is disposed in the substation building.
Inside the building, interconnection transformer is located on the Ground floor, 230kV GIS
is located on the 1st floor, 22kV SWG and 115kV GIS are located on the 2nd floor, and
control room and others are located in the 3rd floor. And shunt capacitor is placed on the
rooftop. In addition, since the carrying path of NCC site is narrow, it is proven that carrying

Chapter 8
the three-phase one body tank by Schnabel trailer, which is a land transport of normal
230kV normal three-phase transformer, is difficult. As for surrounding NCC, extension of
the carrying path is impossible for the urban area. In order to solve this transport problem,
specific three-phase structure should be adopted. In general, specific three-phase structure
transformer is divided into three tanks for each phase, transported by a low bed trailer and
assembled on-site. Installation area of the transformer to be increased slightly compared to
the normal three-phase one, but can be sufficiently placed in NCC site. On the other hand,
since there is a possibility that the reinforcing road and traffic control is not required by
low-floor trailer transportation, the cost benefit of transport is large.
1) Main gate carrying path 2) Rear gate carrying path

Fig. 8.3-3 NCC Carrying Path
Appendix-5-1-1 shows the equipment layout image of the substation at NCC site.
Appendix-5-1-2 and 5-1-3 shows the layout image in the NCC substation building.
(c) Construction schedule

The construction schedule of the substation is shown below.
Table 8.3-9 Construction Schedule (NCC)

Year First year Second year Third year
Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
Detail Designing
Building
construction work
Manufacturing &
Transportation
Installation work (Foundations)
GIS(230kV,115kV)
Main Transformer
Distribution Transformer
115kV Shunt Capacitor
22kV Switchgear
Control system, Relay
Testing & Commissioning
Energizing ▲

Chapter 8
(4) New GIS substation at the Toul Kork site
(a) Location
According to the result of the field survey, the location is facing the main road in the region
and the route of the transmission line between GS5 and GS1. Fig. 8.3-4 shows a survey map
of candidate site whose size is approximately 25m ×75 m.
Fig. 8.3-4 Survey Map of Toul Kork Substation

Chapter 8
Table 8.3-10 Substation Equipment (Toul Kork)

Number of equipment
115kV GIS bus Single bus
115kV/22kV Transformer 50MVA 1 bank (2 banks in the future)
In addition, Fig. 8.3-5 shows the single line diagram of the Toul Kork substation.
Fig. 8.3-5 Single Line Diagram of Substation at Toul Kork
For placement on site within a limited area, while ensuring access or passage for the
instrument of future expansion of the space required for installation and maintenance work,
the equipment arrangement design aimed to be compact.
Equipment except the distribution transformer and steel-tower is disposed in the substation
building.
Inside the building, 115kV GIS are located on the Ground floor, 22kV switchgear is located
on the 1st floor, and control room and others are located on the 2nd floor.
For the reduction of the steel tower site area, single lead-in steel tower is adopted. At the
steel tower arm-on, the substation lead-in power cable is connected with the overhead
transmission line.
Appendix-5-2-1 shows the equipment layout image of the substation at Toul Kork site.
Appendix-5-2-2 shows the layout image of the Toul Kork substation building.


Chapter 8
Table 8.3-11 Construction Schedule (Toul Kork)

Year First year Second year
Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Detail Designing
Building
construction work
Manufacturing &
Transportation
Steel structure
115kV GIS
22kV Switchgear
Energizing ▲
(5) New AIS substation at site of Chroy Changvar
(a) Location
For the site selection of Chroy Changvar substation, EDC is negotiating with the company
that is doing large-scale development of Chroy Changvar district. Substation site will be
selected near the lowland where is facing the pond on the north side of the large-scale
development area.

Chapter 8
Fig. 8.3-6 Candidate Area of Chroy Changvar Substation
In addition, EDC has a plan for 230kV step-up at Chroy Changvar substation in the future.
Therefore, conditions for site selection are as follows.
• 115kV transmission line route can be secured.
• To ensure the site area required for AIS substation
• The access from the 230kV system is easy.
• To ensure the site area in consideration of 230kV step-up
Since vast vacant land (low wetland) was available around the predetermined Chroy
Changvar substation site, JICA Study Team studied as follows on the assumption that these
requirements are satisfied.
EDC is planning to ensure the land satisfy to all of these requirements.
(Example of the required land size is approximately 180m × 180m.)
Fig. 8.3-7 Circumstances of Chroy Changvar Substation Candidate Area

Chapter 8
Table 8.3-12 Substation Equipment (Chroy Changvar)

Number of equipment
230kV bus 0 Bus (Double bus in the future)
230kV/115kV Transformer (300MVA) 0 banks (2 banks in the future)
115kV bus Single bus (Double bus in the future)
115kV/22kV Transformer (75MVA) 1 bank (2 or 3 banks in the future)
115kV Shunt capacitor 1 unit (4 units in the future)
In addition, Fig. 8.3-8 shows the single line diagram of the Chroy Changvar substation.
Fig. 8.3-8 Single Line Diagram of Substation at Chroy Changvar
The equipment layout was designed to be compact satisfying the following conditions.
• Ensuring the space for the installation work

• Ensuring the space for the future expansion (230kV step-up and 115kV Transmission line
expansion)
• Ensuring the access and passage
• Ensuring the space required for the maintenance
Appendix-5-3 shows the equipment layout image of the substation at Chroy Changvar site.


Chapter 8
Table 8.3-13 Construction Schedule (Chroy Changvar)

Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Detail Designing
Building
construction work
Manufacturing &
Transportation
Steel structure
115kV Switchgear
22kV Switchgear
Energizing ▲
8.3.2 Modification of GS3 and GS5
(1) GS3
(a) Present conditions and expandability

GS3 was originally designed in consideration of the future expansion of a maximum six (6)
115kV transmission line feeder bays in total. Since the two bays out of the six bays are
currently being used for transmission line feeders going to GS1 and to CEP IPP power plant.
Additionally in Phase 1, one bay is planning to be used for transmission line feeder going to
Olympic Stadium GIS substation.
The remaining three (3) feeder bays are currently not in use although some feeder bays are
now equipped with an unused switchgear which can be removed.
1) 115kV Switchgear installation position 2) 115kV Shunt capacitor installation position

Fig. 8.3-9 Vacant Space for Expansion in GS3

Chapter 8
(b) Outline of the modifications

In GS3, switching equipment that is installed to connect the Olympic Stadium substation in
phase 1 is modified for connection to the NCC substation. In addition, a shunt capacitor
(30MVar) 1 unit is installed as a phase modifying equipment.
In addition to the above additional installation of equipment, the following items will be
necessarily installed or modified under this Project.
1) 115kV Shunt capacitor control, switching and protection (GS3)
2) Modification of existing Substation Control System
3) SCADA and telecommunication equipment for the transmission line system change
(c) Outline of technical data of equipment
Table 8.3-14 Basic Specification of 115kV Switchgear and Shunt Capacitor

Basic specification
115kV Rated voltage 115 kV
Switch gear Bus bar configuration Single Bus-bar Type
GIS or AIS AIS
Rated current 1,250A: Shunt capacitor
115kV Type Can Type
Shunt capacitor Rated voltage 115 kV
(d) Expanding equipment & layout
Table 8.3-15 Expanding Equipment
Number of expanding equipment
115kV Shunt capacitor 1 unit

Chapter 8
Fig. 8.3-10 Single Line Diagram of GS3
Appendix-5-4 shows the equipment layout image of GS3.
(e) Implementation Schedule

The implementation schedule for the modification of GS3 is presented below.
Table 8.3-16 Construction Schedule (GS3)

Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Detail Designing
Manufacturing &
Transportation
Steel structure
Switchgear (115kV)
Energizing ▲

Chapter 8
(2) GS5
(a) Present conditions and expandability

Because GS5 has a structure in which distribution transformers is installed in the 115kV
switchyard, 230kV bay does not exist.
Despite 6 of the 15 bays of 115kV is free, there are only 5 times of a square which can be
arranged in a side-by-side of 230kV AIS bus bay in unused space on the north side of these
6 free bays.
On the other hand, according to the acquisition of a vacant land on the east side, the
expandability would be secured. In that case, 230kV AIS bus bay is about 8 times of a space
which can be arranged side-by-side.
Fig. 8.3-11 Survey Map of GS5

Chapter 8
(b) Outline of the modifications
i) 230kV/115kV main transformer : 2 units

In order to 115kV system enhancement, two main transformers (300MVA × 2) will be
installed.
ii) 230kV switchgear: 6 bays

Total 6 bays
The followings will be additionally installed.
In order to be connected to the SPP and NPP, 230kV overhead transmission feeder bay
× 2.
In order to be connected to the NCC, 230kV underground transmission cable bay ×1.
230kV Bus-tie bay ×1.
230kV/115kV main transformer primary bay ×2.
iii) 115kV shunt capacitor: 2 units

In order to 115kV reactive power supply, two shunt capacitors (30MVA × 2) will be
installed.
iv) 115kV switchgear: 6 bays

Total 6 bays
The following will be additionally installed.
In order to be connected to the Chroy Changvar, 115kV overhead transmission feeder
bay × 2.
115kV Bus-tie bay ×1.
115kV phase modifying equipment bay ×1.
230kV/115kV main transformer secondary bay ×2.
In addition, since EDC decided that EDC will purchase a vacant land, it was possible to
perform the modification using AIS facilities that were expected to benefit in all costs,
maintenance and operation than GIS one.
1) GS5 115kV bus north side 2) Vacant land east of GS5

Fig. 8.3-12 230kV AIS Equipment Expansion Candidate Area of GS5
In addition to the above additional installation of switchgear, the following items will be
necessarily installed or modified under this Project.
1) 230kV bus, transmission line feeder and transformer control and protection

Chapter 8
2) 115kV bus, transmission line, transformer and shunt capacitor control and protection
3) Modification of existing Substation Control System
4) SCADA and telecommunication equipment for the new transmission line system
(c) Outline of technical data of equipment
i) 230kV/115kV main transformer
Table 8.3-17 Basic Specification of 230kV/115kV Main Transformer

Basic specification
Type YN Auto d1
Rated voltage 230 kV / 115 kV
ii) 230kV Switchgear

Basic specification
Rated voltage 230kV
Bus bar configuration Double bus-bar Type
GIS or AIS AIS
Rated short-time withstand current 40kA
iii) 115kV Shunt capacitor

Basic specification
Type Can Type
iv) 115kV Switchgear

Basic specification
Rated voltage 115kV
Bus bar configuration Double bus-bar Type
Insulation type AIS
Rated current 1,250A: Transmission line / 2,000A: MTr secondly

Chapter 8
(d) Expanding equipment & layout
Table 8.3-21 Expanding Equipment (GS5)

Number of equipment
230kV AIS bus Double bus
230kV line 3 lines (2 Transmission line, 1 power-cable)
230kV/115kV Transformer (300MVA) 2 Banks
115kV Shunt capacitor 2 units (4 units in the future)
115kV AIS bus Expansion to Double bus (Existing Single bus)
115kV line 2 lines
Fig. 8.3-13 Single Line Diagram of GS5
From the point of view of project cost reduction, EDC would like to install 230kV AIS
extension by land acquisition than installing 230kV GIS to the existing vacant lot. Therefore,
site extension is adopted.
Appendix-5-5 shows the equipment layout image of the substation at GS5.
(e) Implementation Schedule

The implementation schedule for the modification of GS5 is presented below.

Chapter 8
Table 8.3-22 Construction Schedule (GS5)

Year First year Second year Third year
Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
Detail Designing
Building
construction work
Manufacturing &
Transportation
Steel Structure
Switchgear (230kV,115kV)
Main Transformer
Energizing ▲

Chapter 8
8.4 DISTRIBUTION FACILITY
8.4.1 Outline of Distribution Facility
Distribution facility is connected between a distribution substation and a customer, such as house,
building, and factory, and it consists of a pole, conductor, and transformer and so on.
In Phnom Penh, a certain supply capacity is

secured in present situation because distribution
facilities are already constructed. On the other
hand, power demand is expected to grow
significantly in the future because the large-scale
development projects are planned in many places.
Under such a situation, it is important to utilize

existing distribution lines effectively and to
expand new distribution lines in order to respond
the power demand in the future.
Fig. 8.4-1 State of Phnom Penh City
(1) Configuration of distribution line
There are 6 (six) grid substations in around Phnom Penh City and electric power is supplied by
distribution lines from each grid substation. Distribution line circuit breaker is installed in each
line, and the amount of power supply is about 10MW in case that the capacity of circuit breaker
is 300A.
Circuit Breaker
Grid substation Distribution line

Fig. 8.4-2 Example of Connection
(2) Voltage level

Table 8.4-1 Voltage Level of
Voltage level of distribution line can be roughly divided into Distribution Line
low voltage and medium voltage mainly, and voltage in
Classification Voltage
Phnom Penh City is shown in Table 8.4-1.
Medium voltage 22kV
(3) Power distribution system
Low voltage 400V, 230V
Power distribution system is mainly divided into overhead Source: JICA Study Team
line and underground line. Overhead line is common system
in Cambodia, but the underground line has been adopted in the center of Phnom Penh City. In

Chapter 8
case of the new distribution line, it is necessary to select the power distribution system based on
the current state.
Fig. 8.4-3 Overhead Line Fig. 8.4-4 Underground Line

(under construction)
8.4.2 Standards of Power Distribution Facility and Construction
(1) Standards of power distribution facility
Design Standards of EDC based on the power technical standard and

power technical standard detailed regulation are as follows.
(a) Concrete Pole

The standard of pole is shown in Table 8.4-2. Length of pole is
7.5~14m, and strength is 2~10kN. Embedment of more than 1/6
of the length of a pole is required at the construction work, in
addition, reinforcement by foundation block is required
depending on the angle of distribution line and soil coefficient.
Method of reinforcement by foundation block is shown in Fig. Fig. 8.4-5
8.4-6. Example of Concrete Pole
Table 8.4-2 Standard of Concrete Pole
Source: Design standard distribution networks, EDC

Chapter 8
Fig. 8.4-6 Method of Reinforcement

Overhead
(b) 22kV distribution line Line
Conductors and cables conformed by IEC or ICEA

(Insulated Cable Engineers Association) are adopted at
22kV distribution lines.
In general, bare conductors are adopted for overhead
line, and cables are adopted for underground line.
In case of overhead line, insulated conductors or cables Underground
are adopted in order to ensure the clearance between Line
distribution line and other structure.
Fig. 8.4-7 Example of 22kV
Distribution Line
i) 22kV overhead bare conductor
Table 8.4-3 22kV Overhead Bare Conductor

Chapter 8
ii) 22kV overhead insulated conductor

Table 8.4-4 22kV Overhead Insulated Conductor
iii) 22kV overhead cable

Table 8.4-5 22kV Overhead Cable
iv) 22kV underground cable

Table 8.4-6 22kV Underground Cable

Chapter 8
(c) Line switch

There are some kinds of distribution line switch. LBS (Load Break Switch) and DS
(Disconnecting Switch) are pole mounted type, and switchgear is indoor type.
i) Pole mounted type

Table 8.4-7 Pole Mounted Type Switch
ii) Indoor type

Table 8.4-8 Indoor Type Switch and Cable Terminal

Chapter 8
Fig. 8.4-8 Pole Mounted Type Switch Fig. 8.4-9 Indoor Type Switch
(2) Standard of construction
(a) Clearance
i) Minimum height of the overhead line

Minimum height of overhead line is different depending on voltage, conductor type,
construction area, and crossing a road or not.
For example, to construct a 22kV overhead insulated conductor in Phnom Penh, it is
necessary to ensure a height of 8.0m or more at a road crossing point, at other point, it
is necessary to ensure a height of 6.5m or more.

Chapter 8
Table 8.4-9 Minimum Height of the Overhead Line
ii) Clearance between overhead line and others

It is necessary to ensure a clearance between overhead line and a plant or a structure
such as house and building.
For example, it is necessary to ensure a clearance more than 1.5m away from the side
of a large building to construct 22kV overhead insulated conductor around a building.

Chapter 8
Table 8.4-10 Clearance between Overhead Line and Others
iii) Adjacency and crossing of 22kV overhead line

It is necessary to ensure a clearance between 22kV and other lines.
For example, in case of 22kV insulated conductor or cable, it is necessary to ensure a
clearance more than 0.5m between each line.

Chapter 8
Table 8.4-11 Adjacency and Crossing of 22kV Overhead Line

Chapter 8
(b) Underground line
i) Standard construction and depth of

burial
Direct burial system is standard for
underground line.
Depth of burial is 1.2m or more at the
point receiving pressure from vehicles
and other objects, and 0.6m or more at
other point.
However, it is necessary to use pipes
in case that an underground line
crosses a major road, or in case a
depth shown in Table 8.4-12 cannot
be obtained. Fig. 8.4-10 Standard Construction
Table 8.4-12 Depth in Case of Direct Burial System
ii) Clearance between underground line and other electrical lines

It is necessary to ensure 0.15m or more between low voltage line and low voltage line.
And it is necessary to ensure 0.3m or more between medium voltage line and other
lines.
Table 8.4-13 Clearance between Underground Line and Other Electrical Lines
iii) Clearance between underground line and other buried object

In the case of 22kV underground line, it is necessary to ensure 0.6m or more from the
communication line, 1.0m or more from the gas pipe, 0.3m or more from water supply

Chapter 8
and sewerage.
Table 8.4-14 Clearance between Underground Line and Other Lines
(Source: Design standard distribution networks, EDC)
8.4.3 Basic Concept of Expansion of Distribution Line
(1) Measures associated with the new substation
At present, it is in situation that buildings are under construction in many places in Phnom Penh
City, it should be prioritized to utilize the existing distribution lines, such as loads divides, in
order to respond to the increase in electricity demand due to the development of those relatively
small.
On the other hand, power demand is expected to increase 10% on average per year after year
2014 due to the large-scale development plans. Power demand is expected to increase rapidly at
candidate sites of new substation ( NCC,  Toul Kork area,  Chroy Changvar area), because
large-scale development plans are concentrated in these areas.
Therefore, it is necessary to extend the distribution equipment with tuned to these development
plans.
Scale Countermeasure Timing of implementation

Utilizing the existing distribution lines
Small Correspondence of each time
(for example, loads divides)
Large Planned expansion of distribution line With tuned to the development plan
However, JICA Study Team could not confirm the situation that a large-scale development plan
is progressing specifically at the field survey.
Therefore, in this Study, the priority is to divide loads, and to improve the power supply capacity
and supply reliability with tuned to the new grid substation.
(2) Method of loads divides
The method of loads divides is shown in Fig. 8.4-11 based on concept of Section 8.4.4 (1).
In that way, electric power supplied by the existing grid substation will be reduced and reserve
margin will be increased and power interchange form the other feeder is possible, so the supply
reliability will be improved.

Chapter 8
[ Before ]
[ After ]
(Source: JICA Study Team)
Fig. 8.4-11 Image of Method of Loads Divides with tuned to the New Substation
(3) Measures associated with the new transmission line
As the results of the first field survey, there is a possibility that the new transmission line will be
the same route as the existing distribution line. In this case, countermeasure work will be
required in order to ensure the clearance between new transmission line and existing distribution
line. For example, it is necessary to change conductors to cables and make the supporting point
lower as shown in Fig. 8.4-13.
In addition, in case that sufficient clearance between cable and existing structures will not be
ensured, it is necessary to consider underground cable or route changes by reconstructing pole.

Chapter 8
Therefore, it is necessary to perform optimum measures depending on the surrounding

circumstances, after determining the route of the transmission line to be established, it is
necessary to examine measures again.
Fig. 8.4-12 Current Situation
Fig. 8.4-13 Example of Countermeasure Work

Chapter 8
8.4.4 Method of Examination of New Distribution Line Route
JICA Study Team investigated the route of new distribution line in the following steps, based on
Design Standard Distribution Networks of EDC and information get through the field survey.
• Step 1 : Study of candidates for connection points of existing distribution line

• Step 2 : Study of distribution system (Overhead/Underground)
• Step 3 : Study of new distribution line route from new GS to candidates of connection points
However, JICA Study Team has examined what can be expected possibly carried out under
certain assumptions in this preliminary design. Eventually, it is necessary to design in details
after getting the approval of the use of land, and checking the status of existing buried objects
such as water supply etc.
(1) Study of candidates for connection points of existing distribution line (Step1)
JICA Study Team has selected connection points that can be expected to divide loads or improve
supply reliability. And JICA Study Team has taken into consideration to make effective use of
existing facility when selecting the connection point.
(2) Study of distribution system (Overhead/Underground) (Step2)
JICA Study Team investigated the distribution system based on the design criteria of EDC and
the status of existing distribution line at new substation candidate sites around.
(3) Study of new distribution line route from new GS to candidate of connection points (Step3)
JICA Study Team investigated the new distribution line route between from new GS to candidate
of connection points selected by step 1. And JICA Study Team has also taken notice of following
basic points to consider.
[ Basic points to consider ]
• To construct in public land such as public road

• To shorten the route length for economy
• To construct along the wide road and avoid the place where many people and cars are
concentrated such as market, in consideration of construction work and maintenance work.
8.4.5 Preliminary Design
(1) NCC
JICA Study Team designed to expand six new distribution lines, and connection point is indoor
switchgear. In addition, JICA Study Team selected underground distribution system based on
existing line.
One line will be laid in land of NCC to improve the supply reliability for NCC. Other five lines
will be in land of the road, in this case, permission by municipality having jurisdiction over the
road is necessary.

Chapter 8
Table 8.4-15 Candidate Connection Point (NCC GS)

Candidate Distribution system Approximately
Remarks
connection point* (OH/UG) route length[km]
 S259 UG 0.1 Backup for supply to NCC
 S356 UG 2.0
 S155 UG 2.0
 S388 UG 2.2
 S283 UG 3.0
 S160 UG 3.8
*S: Substation (Source: JICA Study Team)
©2014 Google (Source: JICA Study Team)
Fig. 8.4-14 Route of Distribution Line (NCC GS)

Chapter 8
(2) Toul Kork
JICA Study Team designed to expand five new distribution lines, and connection point is
overhead line or indoor switchgear. In addition, JICA Study Team selected underground
distribution system based on existing line. In case of connecting to overhead line, distribution
system will be changed from underground system to overhead system at near the site of
connection point, after that it will be connected to overhead line.
All five lines will be laid in land of the road, and permission by municipality having jurisdiction
over the road is necessary.
Table 8.4-16 Candidate Connection Point (Toul Kork GS)
Candidate Distribution system Approximately

Remarks
connection point* (OH/UG) route length[km]
 Around LBS_GK UG+OH 1.0
 Around LBS_Camko UG+OH 1.0
 S478 UG 2.6
 Around P684 UG+OH 2.8
 S157 UG 3.2
*S: Substation Source: JICA Study Team
©2014 Google Source: JICA Study Team
Fig. 8.4-15 Route of Distribution Line (Toul Kork GS)

Chapter 8
(3) Chroy Changvar
JICA Study Team designed to expand five new distribution lines, and connection point is
overhead line or indoor switchgear. Basically, distribution line is overhead system, but a part of
them is underground system based on existing line.
Almost lines will be laid in land of the road, and the permission by municipality having
jurisdiction over the road is necessary. However, around site of candidate new GS is all private
land and there is no public land such as road, therefore the permission by owner of private land
for construction of distribution line is necessary too.
Chroy Changvar is the area where REE (Rural Electricity Enterprise) given a license by EAC
(Electricity Authority of Cambodia) can supply and retail electricity, therefore distribution lines
which owner is not EDC are installed. These distribution lines are supplied from GS1 and GS6
now, therefore supply should be changed from existing GS to new GS. Furthermore, connection
point between EDC grid and REE line should be changed by discuss with REE.
In addition, modification work of existing distribution line will be necessary because a part of
new 115kV transmission lines will be installed at same route as distribution line.
Table 8.4-17 Candidate Connection Point (Chroy Changvar GS)

Distribution Approximately
Candidate
system route length Remarks
connection point*
(OH/UG) [km]
Around the intersection Construct in private land and public road.
 between national road 6A OH 4.0 Connect to REE line.
and Toll road (Change connection point)
Around the intersection
 between national road 6A OH 4.0 Construct in private land and public road.
and Toll road
Around the intersection Construct in private land and public road.
 between national road 6A OH 4.0 Connect to REE line.
and Toll road (Change connection point)
 Around P045 OH 9.0 Construct in private land and public road.
 S059 OH+UG 15.0 Construct in private land and public road.
 ― OH 7.0 Same route as new 115kV line.
*S: Substation, P:Pole mounted transformer Source: JICA Study Team

Chapter 8
©2014 Google (Source: JICA Study Team)
Fig. 8.4-16 Route of Distribution Line (Chroy Changvar GS)

Chapter 8
8.4.6 Construction Schedule
Construction schedule is shown in Table 8.4-18.
Table 8.4-18 Construction Schedule

Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
[NCC]
Procurement of Goods
Digging, Pipe, Backfill work
22kV underground cable laying
Install switchgear
Energizing
[Toul Kork]
Install switchgear
Assembling
Energizing
[Chroy Changvar]
Install concrete pole
Assembling, String
Install switchgear
Energizing

Chapter 9
Final Report Project Implementation and O/M Organization
CHAPTER 9
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND O/M ORGANIZATION

Chapter 9
Final Report Project Implementation and O&M Organization
CHAPTER 9 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION AND

MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION
9.1 EDC's Financial Status
Table 9.1-1 shows the balance sheets for 2009 to 2012 from the EDC's annual reports. The table
is added with the liquidity ratios and own equity ratios calculated by the study team. The liquidity
ratio shows the continuous improvement during the period, and exceeded 150% in 2012. This
means that EDC owns current asset enough to cover short-term debts, which is an index of
financial healthiness of EDC. Throughout the period, the own equity ratio was kept at around
40%, showing the company’s effort to keep the balance between the debt and the equity under
expansive conditions.
Table 9.1-1 EDC's Balance Sheet

(Unit: Cambodian Riel 1,000)
2009 2010 2011 2012
ASSETS 1,377,817,340 1,854,458,690 2,265,827,452 2,967,276,566
Non-current assets 791,072,614 1,261,333,433 1,428,131,911 1,847,187,790
Property, plant and equipment 790,960,747 1,066,646,944 1,226,183,735 1,652,736,044
Intangible assets 111,867 401,132 292,514 195,993
Other non-current assets 194,285,357 201,655,662 194,255,753
Current assets 586,744,726 593,125,257 837,695,541 1,120,088,776
Cash and cash equivalents 153,350,951 289,457,512 408,817,458 578,738,523
Trade and other receivables 150,873,266 186,275,785 287,024,944 373,215,974
Inventories 79,074,471 117,391,960 141,853,139 168,134,279
Other receivables 203,446,038
EQUITY
Assigned capital 614,393,127 662,390,444 680,173,081 680,185,054
Retained earnings 159,775,668 309,565,644 512,017,298
Accumulated losses -23,343,787
LIABILITIES
Non-current liabilities 391,288,665 528,834,132 677,283,540 1,061,124,393
Borrowings 330,724,570 458,220,206 591,915,355 958,626,156
Customer deposits 59,898,913 68,164,789 78,258,708 89,724,146
Provision for retirement benefit 665,182 864,135 1,356,918 1,961,385
Deferred tax liability-net - 1,585,002 5,752,559 10,812,706
Current liabilities 395,479,335 503,458,446 598,805,187 713,949,821
Borrowings 94,906,670 200,234,757 169,485,555 145,177,973
Finance Lease Liability 42,701,150 13,651
Trade and other payables 234,557,571 272,301,325 408,479,660 536,924,009
Income tax 23,313,944 30,908,713 20,839,972 31,847,839
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 1,377,817,340 1,854,458,690 2,265,827,452 2,967,276,566
Liquidity Ratio 97% 118% 140% 157%
Own Equity Ratio 43% 44% 44% 40%
Source: EDC Annual Report, modified by Study Team for consistency
Table 9.1-2 is the profit and loss statement for the same period. EDC's revenue has been
increasing along with the expanding electricity sales. The profit has been expanding accordingly.
After 2009, both the revenue and profit almost doubled. On the side of expenditures, the cost of
purchase of power is prominent. The prices of power purchase from surrounding countries can be

Chapter 9
Project Implementation and O&M Organization Final Report
a risk factor to EDC's finance. Interview to EDC revealed that there was no particular risk hedge
measure taken for currency exchange rate fluctuation, but it set the upper limit on price of power
purchases from IPPs (Independent Power Producer(s)). Also, the increase of salaries is significant,
which reflects almost 10 % annual increase of man powers in recent years and its management
policy "to provide its employee with competitive remuneration and benefits to ensure good living
conditions ".
Table 9.1-2 Profit and Loss Statement

2009 2010 2011 2012
Revenue
Electricity sales 1,215,763,623 1,577,667,850 1,808,509,354 2,253,164,604
Connection service fees 10,574,579 12,866,750 15,691,822 17,665,928
Other income 4,989,068 8,498,287 18,025,953 11,649,917
Operating expenses
Purchased power -875,453,346 -1,144,613,037 -1,348,820,232 -1,681,832,803
Fuel costs -61,018,894 -32,782,648 -60,830,107 -69,308,114
Import duty -10,596,794 -31,262,376 -35,821,899 -40,305,082
Salaries and other benefits -29,764,019 -47,764,116 -65,436,166 -84,249,349
Other operating expenses -34,410,007 -44,093,732 -48,368,994 -56,247,420
Depreciation(&Amortization) -36,663,509 -40,111,790 -49,683,369 -58,872,605
Amortization -108,618 -96,521
Foreign Exchange Loss net -7,284,996
Operating profit 183,420,701 251,120,192 233,157,744 291,568,555
Net finance costs -19,768,955 -23,385,520 -40,710,828 -33,847,806
Profit before income tax 163,651,746 227,734,672 192,446,916 257,720,749
Income tax expense -34,315,556 -44,615,217 -42,656,940 -55,269,095
Net profit for the year/total 129,336,190 183,119,455 149,789,976 202,451,654
Finally, the cash flow for the same period is shown in Table 9.1-3. In 2012, Cambodian Riel 140
billion was invested in physical assets, out of net inflow of Cambodian Riel 300 billion. This
investment activity still left Cambodian Riel 170 billion in the year. Considering the further
increase of electricity demand and resulting sales, EDC will likely be able to continue its
investment activity no less than in 2012 for coming years. For 2012, the increase of borrowing
was expansive, so was the repayment. However, as pointed out with the Balance Sheet, the equity
and debt have been in balance, showing the EDC’s effort to keep the financial position to be able
to invest, supported by expansive demand for electricity.

Chapter 9
Table 9.1-3 EDC's Cash Flow

2009 2010 2011 2012
Cash flow from operating activities
Profit before income tax 130,229,827 227,734,672 192,446,916 257,720,749
Adjustments for:
Depreciation and amortization 40,111,790 49,791,987 58,969,126
Revenue from transfer of assets from customers -9,010,141 -
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment 2,544,085 598,173 1,596,196
Foreign expense -12,941,938 -2,065,749 -7,865,808
Interest expense 23,385,520 37,707,767 34,482,370
Addition/reversal of allowance for bad and doubtful debts -4,292,253 2,756,808
Allowance for retirement benefits 198,953 492,783 604,467
Allowance for inventory obsolescence 1,412,521 3,994,905 510,572
Reversal of Impairment Loss on Trade Receivables -894,261
Changes in:
Trade and other receivables -22,923,945 -31,620,486 -45,899,808
Inventories -44,973,693 -67,392,929 -80,909,003
Other non-current assets -9,904,251 -7,370,305 7,399,909
Trade and other payables 37,743,754 51,011,287 136,209,876
Customer deposits 8,265,876 10,093,919 11,465,438
Net cash generated from operations 249,759,083 224,385,874 377,040,892
Interest paid -5,421,736 -14,509,745 -42,247,897
Income tax paid -14,507,858 -35,435,446 -48,558,124 -31,814,007
Interest received 238,251 1,304,092
Net cash generated from operating activities 115,960,220 210,205,993 161,318,005 302,978,988
Cash flows from Investing activities

Purchases of property, plant and equipment -15,435,505 -92,213,377 -68,884,618 -140,145,212
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 357,908 4,765,678 7,057,087 2,371,434
Decrease in Other Assets 7,480,619
Purchases of Intangible Assets -20,950 -357,010
Net cash used in investing activities -15,098,547 -80,324,090 -61,827,531 -137,773,778
Cash flow from financing activities

Proceeds from borrowings 6,872,146 6,235,352 22,909,596 74,269,593
Payments on borrowings -181,088 -3,040,124 -69,565,711
Government grants - 11,973
Payments on finance lease -10,694
Net cash generated from financing activities 6,929,309 6,224,658 19,869,472 4,715,855
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 107,552,731 136,106,561 119,359,946 169,921,065
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year 45,798,220 153,350,951 289,457,512 408,817,458
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year 153,350,951 289,457,512 408,817,458 578,738,523

Chapter 9
9.2 EDC’s Project Organization and O&M Organization
9.2.1 Current Project Organization and O&M Organization
(1) Head office
At present, EDC and the IPPs generate power, and the EDC transmits and distributes power
exclusively to the Phnom Penh metropolitan area. The following is an organizational chart of
EDC.
Chairman Board of Directors

TUN LEAN
RGC.Delegute in Charge of Managing EDC

KEO ROTTANAK
Secretariat of the Board EDC Consultant
Secretariat of MD Information Technology Office Inspection Office Internal Audit Office

SRUN VEASNA KAN THAY LIM SOK SOK DARAROAT
DMD of Administration DMD of Finance and Business DMD of Planning and Technique DMD of Rural Electrification Fund
ENG KUNTHEA (DMD) CHHUNG UNG (DMD) PRAING CHULASA (DMD) KEO VIRAC (DMD)
Administration Department Finance and Accounting Dep. Corporate Planning &Project Dep. Rural Electrification Fund Dep.
LY TIKHEA SIN SOVANNY CHUN PISETH LOEUNG KEOSELA
Administration Office Finance Office International Cooperation Office Admin-Finance Office
DY LIM CHEA BUNTHAN PHAL SAMBATH CHHOEM SOPHEAK
Protocol Office Accounting Office Planning Management Information Technical Planning Monitoring and
System and Tariff Office Evaluation Office
CHAN VIBOLLA KEO PICH TEK SOCHEAT KIM RITHY
Construction Office Centralization Office Technical Office Procurement Department
MA SAM AL SENG SOKHA CHEA SA EM CHANTARA NGETH SOKHAN
Personnel Office Corporate Finance Office Project Management Office Ⅰ Project Procurement Office
TOUCH SOPHANY LOEUNG BUNTHAN SOR PENGKHY DORK SOVANMONY
Payroll Office Project Management Office IⅠ EDC Procurement Office
SHHOU SOK LENG PHUNG TOLANY HENG SOCHEATH
Litigation Office Business and Distribution Dept. Private Project Management Office Warehouse and Logistic Office
CHEA MONIRATH CHEA SIN HEL EAV RIT TOUCH ROS BUTH THA
Infirmary Distribution Network Unit S.E. & Public Relation Administration Section
SONG PEP HANG TOUCH Office TEP NARANN
Institute of Electrical Science Dispatching Command Center System Analysis & GIS Office
OUM PISETH OR VADDHANA THACH
Administration and Accounting Office Electrical Equipment Unit Secretariat
HONG KHEMROATH TOUK MENG SRUN
Foundation Year Department Workshop Unit Transmission Department
MENG SOTHA CHHUN TY NOU SOKHON
Academy Affair Office Material Supply Planning Office National Control Center (Unit)
TIM CHANMAHONG CHRA TRY LIM SISOPHORN
Technical Training Office Distributive Technical Office Transmission System Unit
SY MOENG OUK CHETRA MAK THORN
Electrical Department Electrical energy loss Management Office Relay Protection Office
SOK PAL OUK VUTHY KHY SOKHAN
Customer Office Administration Division
MIN CHANTHUL SOK CHAMNAB
organizations related to
the project only
Fig. 9.2-1 Organizational Chart of EDC (organizations related to the project only)

Chapter 9
(2) Project Organization
The PMO (Project Management Office)-I or II under the Corporate Planning & Project Department
manages the projects funded by international organizations.
(3) O&M Organization
The O&M of the existing substation (GS1, GS2, GS3, GS4) are carried out by the substation head
+ operator (each 3 operators of 4 groups), and a total of 13 staff (excluding the security guard).
The SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system has already been introduced
into all substations, and NCC (National Control Center) has the equipment that can acquire
operational data and information on the substation directly from NCC. However, the signal is not
transferred by the difference of the protocol of the SCADA system between NCC and the
substations. Because the counter test has not been executed even if the data and information can
be taken into the NCC SCADA system, these are inaccurate and untrustworthy. Therefore, the
NCC SCADA system does not function.
About this protocol problem, the Chinese consultant employed by EDC conducted the
investigation and already prepared the countermeasure.
9.2.2 Proposal for the Project and O&M Organizations
(1) Project implementation
Given that EDC promotes a lot of Projects, EDC will decide which organization executes this
Project immediately before this Project starts. However, it is assumed that PMO will be in charge
for this Project.
JICA Study Team believes that the PMOs have enough capacity to implement the project with
the technical advice of a consultant, since they have been doing the same kind of work. It is
necessary to consider that there is no engineer who is well versed in 230kV/115kV underground
cable at EDC because this equipment is the first time to set up in Cambodia except Phase 1
project which is under selection of the Consultant. Concretely, EDC establishes a system to
acquire a sufficient amount of technical knowhow by participating in the construction of the
Project and the engineer who can become the person in charge of O&M of the 230kV/115kV
underground cable in the future is arranged in the PMO of this Project.
Moreover, to achieve good technical skills, overseas training in Japan is recommended at the
construction stage. In Japan, there is many experience about maintenance of 230kV/115kV
underground cable. Therefore if EDC engineers take training by Power Company in Japan,
improvement in technical skill is expectable. This training will be conducted by the Consultant at
construction stage.
(2) O&M
It is expected that the Transmission Dept. and Business and Distribution Dept. of EDC will be
responsible for the O&M of the new facilities after construction is completed. The Transmission
Department was separated from the former Transmission and Distribution Department in 2007.
They have enough experience in the maintenance of the distribution system, but, limited
experience in transmission system maintenance work.
Given that 230kV/115kV underground cable is basically laid underground, daily checks and

Chapter 9
patrols are unnecessary, and a special organization for O&M is unnecessary. However, it is
important to grasp the buried position and depth accurately from the perspective of checking the
relation between the other underground structures and to take proper action in the event of some
abnormality. It is necessary to acquire information on the construction dug up near the location
laid underground at an early stage so that the underground cable may evade the risk of being
affected by other construction work, and to urge the execution of countermeasures for those who
execute construction.
Same as the Phase 1, it is advisable that 13 staff should be assigned arranged at the newly
established substation for O&M as well as the existing substations. The O&M of substation are
planned by the substation head + operator (each 3 operators of 4 groups).
Moreover, Technology Transfer including capacity building at site is recommended at the

construction stage. This training will be conducted by the Consultant at construction stage.

Chapter 10
Final Report Evaluation of Project
CHAPTER 10
EVALUATION OF PROJECT

Chapter 10
CHAPTER 10 EVALUATION OF PROJECT
10.1 Quantitative Evaluation
10.1.1 Benefit of Project
The effects to be realized by this Project were already discussed in Chapter 3; to alleviate
insufficiency of distribution transformer capacity in the Phnom Penh system, to improve the
stability of the whole Phnom Penh power system, and to reduce system losses, etc., among which
the alleviation of the insufficiency of distribution transformer capacity has the most notable
quantitative effect. This effect was chosen to be the subject of the evaluation of the benefit
brought about by the Project.
The electricity demand in the Phnom Penh system has been, and will be increasing at a very high
rate. Before the expected completion of this Project in 2020, there will be the increase of the
capacity of distribution transformers scheduled to be in place including those of Phase 1 Project.
Even after the completion of this Project, the demand will soon exceed the augmented capacity.
Under such a circumstance, the estimation of the effect on the increase of energy sales made
possible by this Project required a modeling of the working of transformers in three substations to
be constructed by the Project. This model is explained by the illustration shown in Fig. 11.1-1,
where MW0: transformer capacity without the Project, MW1: transformer capacity with the
Project, and abc: daily duration curve.
Transformers installed by the Project will work, a
MW1
just after the completion of the Project, for three
hours at around each of two daily demand peaks. MW0
The energy distributed through the transformers b
is shown in the shaded area in the figure. The
demand will be increasing: the installed
transformers will work for twelve hours
sometime later, and will eventually reach full c
capacity operation. This process is assumed to 6 12 24
unfold during the period between 2020 and 2030,
and thereafter, transformers are assumed to be Fig. 10.1-1 Model of Energy Sales
working constantly at full capacity. Increase
On the basis of this assumption, the effect of the
Project was calculated for the period between 2020 to 2030, which is shown in the table below,
where; a. power demand, b. energy demand, c. additional energy to be distributed through three
transformers installed by the Project, and d. additional energy to be delivered to customers
(additional energy sold). Between c and d, distribution loss 3% was considered.

Chapter 10
Evaluation of Project Final Report
Table 10.1-1 Additional Energy Sold by the Project
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
a. Power Demand (MW) 954 1,061 1,169 1,277 1,387 1,496 1,652 1,809 1,967 2,126 2,285
b. Energy Demand (GWh) 5,767 6,414 7,065 7,721 8,381 9,045 9,988 10,936 11,890 12,849 13,813
c. Additional energy distributed
through three new 222 277 333 388 443 665 887 1,109 1,330 1,552 1,774
transformers (GWh)
d. Additional energy sold
215 269 323 376 430 645 860 1,075 1,291 1,506 1,721
(GWh)
10.1.2 Financial and Economic Evaluation
(1) Financial Evaluation
In financial evaluation, the benefit is defined by the increase of sales for additional energy
delivered to customers by the Project, and the cost consists of expenses incurred for the
implementation and operation of the Project, and expenses for the purchase of additional energy
with which additional sales will be possible. The financial viability of the Project is evaluated in
terms of FIRR (Financial Internal Rate of Return). The conditions of the evaluation are as
follows;
Project Period 30 years (consisting of 5-year construction and 25-year operation periods),
Income energy sales, sold for KHR 782 per kWh (obtained by the electricity sales
divided by energy sold, figures from EDC Annual Report, energy sold is
subject to 3% distribution loss),
Cost energy purchase cost, for US¢ 10.5 per kWh (energy purchased allows for 7%
transmission loss), annual O&M (Operation and Maintenance) cost of
equipment installed: 3% of project cost less taxes (subject to inflation)
depreciation straight line method, 20 years,
Inflation 4.4% p.a.
tax corporate income tax 20%.
Where necessary, the exchange rates between currencies as shown in Chapter 9 were applied.
Unit cost of energy purchase, US¢ 10.5 per kWh, was assumed in the following manner;
As of 2014, the prices of energy from IPP (Independent Power Producer)-hydro and IPP-thermal
(coal) are US¢ 8.0 and US¢ 11.0 per kWh, respectively. The price of IPP-thermal is likely to rise
due to the price hike of imported coal. Annual rise of IPP thermal price was assumed to be 3%,
on the basis of coal price change forecast by IEA 1.
EDC has set the upper limit of IPP thermal energy purchase price at US¢ 13.0 per kWh. If we
apply 3% p.a. rise on 2014 IPP-thermal energy price US¢ 11.0, it will exceed US¢ 13.0 in 2020,
when the project is expected to start operation. Therefore, IPP-thermal energy purchase price for
the project is assumed at US¢ 13.0 per kWh.
1
World Energy Outlook 2013, International Energy Agency

Chapter 10
According to the Power Development Master Plan that EDC is currently preparing, EDC will be
securing energy mostly from IPP-hydro and IPP-thermal in 2020 and onward, and their
proportions will be approximately 50:50. The unit cost of energy purchase was thus derived from
the average of IPP-hydro price and IPP-thermal price for 2020, US¢ 10.5 per kWh.
To meet the fast growing demand, EDC will have to largely depend on ongoing and
under-planning IPP projects for securing energy in coming years. However, in the long run, more
risk-prone hydro development may fall behind schedule, which pushes up the proportion of
IPP-thermal in the energy procurement. Sensitivity analysis discussed later deals with this risk,
assuming that the proportion of IPP-thermal increases from 50 % in 2020 to 80% in 2030 and
stays thereafter. The (weighted) average cost of energy purchase would be US¢ 12.0 per kWh in
2030.
Cash flow was calculated for the conditions mentioned above, and FIRR defined by the return on
the own fund (Equity IRR) and by the return on the whole investment cost (Project IRR) were
obtained.
Equity IRR, which shows the financial return on the own fund spent by the project proponent,
was calculated at 25.0 %. According to the interview to EDC, the electric utility is able to secure
fund from its main bank at an interest rate of 7% p.a. Taking this as the cost of capital, Equity
IRR 25.0% is well above the cost of capital. Therefore, the Project is judged to be financially
viable.
Meanwhile, the Project IRR, which is the return on the Project as a whole without identifying
financing sources, for the same conditions otherwise, was 12.9%. This means that if the interest
rate of the loan secured for part of the initial investment cost of the project was lower than 12.9 %,
the return on its own fund (that is Equity IRR) will always be above 12.9 %. This is also a strong
indication that the Project will be financially sound.
A series of sensitivity tests was conducted for the cash flow analysis discussed above. The
following adverse conditions were considered in the tests,
a) overrun of project cost +10%
b) downward deviation of energy sales -10%
c) price hike of imported energy proportion of IPP-thermal gradually rises from 50%
in 2020 to 80% in 2030
d) simultaneous occurrence of the above three conditions
The results are shown in the table below. In either setting, Equity IRR exceeds the deemed cost of
capital, 7%, suggesting the financial robustness of the Project. NPV (Net Present Value) of the
Project, obtained with an SDR (Social Discount Rate) 12.0%, base year 2014, for each condition
is also shown in the table.

Chapter 10
Table 10.1-2 Sensitivity Test of FIRR

NPV
Equity IRR Project IRR
(US$ million)
Original conditions 25.0 % 12.9 % 131.3
a) overrun of project cost +10% 23.3 % 11.9 % 119.9
b) downward deviation of expected sales -10% 23.2 % 11.8 % 106.8
c) increase of energy purchase cost
22.5 % 10.9 % 89.5
(thermal proportion rises to 80%)
d) simultaneous occurrence of a, b, c 18.8 % 8.8 % 57.4
(2) Economic Analysis
In economic analysis, economic viability of a project is evaluated through comparison of

economic cost and economic benefit of the project.
To obtain economic cost of the Project, the following adjustments were made to the financial cost
used in the financial analysis;
value added tax (VAT) : not included in the economic cost as it is a transfer
within the Cambodian economy,
foreign currency portion of project : the estimated cost was deemed to be "border price
cost basis" and used as they were, except that the import
tax was deducted,
local currency portion of project cost : to be converted to "shadow price basis" by multiplying
the Standard Conversion Factor (SCF) 0.9,
land acquisition cost and : these costs were deemed to represent the opportunity
compensation costs of relevant assets, and used as they were,
O&M cost, management cost of EDC : the estimated costs were used as they were.
On the other hand, the economic benefit of the Project was estimated by an alternative method, in
the following manner.
This Project will involve transmission lines, substations and distribution lines, and the only
plausible alternative to the Project was diesel-powered privately owned generating equipment.
The Project is then deemed to realize the benefit by replacing the energy generated with less
efficient private diesel units.
The cost of such diesel generation was studied somewhere else: one of such examples of recent
years is an ADB's study 2 where the unit cost was estimated at US$0.47/kWh for non-household
users. However, this study was for the rural areas of Cambodia, and may possibly lead to too high
an estimate. Meanwhile, the final report of the Phase 1 project preceding this Project used
US$0.20/kWh in the economic analysis as a cost of the alternative, having made reference to the
contract tariff in the PPSEZ (Special Economic Zone in Phnom Penh), US$0.193/kWh. A private
electricity service for PPSEZ has a certain size, and probably includes provision of distribution
2 Proposed Loan and Administration of Loan Kingdom of Cambodia: Medium-Voltage Sub-Transmission Expansion Sector Project, Report and
Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors, Project Number: 42361, November 2012, Asian Development Bank

Chapter 10
network. These characteristics of PPSEZ are good attributes to be deemed as an alternative to this
Project. The latest annual report of EAC3 shows the licensed tariff of Colben Energy PPSEZ
Limited which operates in PPSEZ, to be US$0.2016/kWh for the year 2013. This tariff was used
as a cost of alternative energy to the Project, therefore, the unit benefit of the Project, in the
economic analysis.
The economic cost and benefit were calculated in the method discussed above, and compared to
obtain the EIRR (Economic Internal Rate of Return).
As a result, EIRR was obtained at 17.5 %. The SDR, against which EIRR is compared, should be
12%, considering the present economic development status of Cambodia. The obtained EIRR
17.5% is well above SDR 12%. Therefore, the Project is expected to be economically viable.
The sensitivity test was conducted for the EIRRs. The same adverse conditions as in the financial
analysis were considered. The results are shown in the table below. Under either condition, the
EIRR was shown to exceed 12%. In summary, the Project is considered to remain economically
efficient, and expected to contribute the economy of the country under various unfavorable
conditions.
Table 10.1-3 Sensitivity Test of EIRR

EIRR
Original conditions 17.5 %
a) overrun of project cost +10% 15.6 %
b) downward deviation of expected sales -10% 16.2 %
c) increase of energy purchase cost
(thermal proportion rises to 80%)
15.5 %
d) simultaneous occurrence of a, b, c 12.5 %

10.1.3 Estimation of Impact on CO2 Emission
One of the benefits of the Project is a reduction of system losses. The energy equivalent to the
reduction of system losses is the avoided production of energy realized by the Project. Therefore,
CO2 that was to be emitted in relation to the production of the energy is the reduction of CO2
emission due to the Project.
In order to compare a system loss when the Project is carried out with a system loss when the
Project is not carried out, the result shown in Fig. 3.3-11 was first assumed to be a state when the
Project is carried out. On the other hand, as the case where the Project is not carried out, it
assumed that new distributing substations do not exist, and analysis was carried out where the
load of the substations is allocated to existing distributing substations (overload is ignored).
When annual energy losses are calculated from the result, they become the following values and
the difference is 16,180MWh.
without Project annual energy loss = 149,979 MWh

with Project the same = 133,799 MWh
3 The Annual Report on Power Sector of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2014 Edition, Electricity Authority of Cambodia

Chapter 10
There is an example of the study on CO2 emission factor for EDC's power grid published 4 by a
Japanese research institute IGES (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies). However, the
study period for Phnom Penh grid was 2007-2009, after which the import of power has grown
greatly. Further, the power demand for Phnom Penh grid for 2020 is forecast to be four times as
large as in 2009.
The emission factor obtained in the aforementioned study cannot be used as it is. The study's
result was modified to be used in the assessment here, as below.
a) The generated energy of power stations connected to Phnom Penh grid in 2008 was largest at
1,227GWh, and the emission factor for the year was 0.6951 t-CO2/MWh (GES study report),
b) The demanded energy in 2020 was estimated to be 5,767GWh in this report,
c) The difference of energy in a) and b) above is assumed to be filled with imported power from
Vietnam, whose CO2 emission is 0.429t-CO2/MWh (IEA report 5),
d) using the energy in a) and b) above to weight-average the emission factors (0.6951 and 0) to
obtain the emission factor for 2020.
CO2 emission factor for 2020 = 0.6951 × [1227/5767] + 0.429× [(5767-1227)/5767]

= 0.4856 t-CO2/MWh
Using this factor, the reduction of CO2 emission by the Project was calculated to be 7,857 t-CO2
per year, as shown in the table below.
4 Grid Emission Factor of the Phnom Penh Electricity Grid, 2011, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
5 CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, International Energy Agency, 2013

Chapter 10
Table 10.1-4 Reduction of CO2 Emission by the Project (as of 2020)

Calculation Result Sheet : New or Existing
Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh Transmission and Distribution System Expansion
Project in Cambodia (Phase 2)
Reduction of GHG emission by the Project (t-CO2/y) ERy＝BEy－PEy (t-CO2/y)
1. Baseline Emission BEy = BLy× EFBL,y
BEy Baseline Emission :
72,830 t-CO2/y
Emission of GHG without improvement of efficiency by the Project
BLy Energy Loss before the Project 149,979 MWh/y
EFBL,y CO2 Emission factor of power grid in question 0.486 t-CO2/MWh
2.Project Emission PEy = PLy × EFBL,y
PEy Project Emission :
64,973 t-CO2/y
Emission of GHG with improvement of efficiency by the Project
PLy Energy Loss after the Project 133,799 MWh/y
EFBL,y CO2 Emission factor of power grid in question 0.486 t-CO2/MWh
3. Reduction of emission due to the Project ERy ＝BEy － PEy (t-CO2/y)
ERy Reduction of emission due to the Project 7,857 t-CO2/y
BEy Baseline Emission :
72,830 t-CO2/y
Emission of GHG without improvement of efficiency by the Project
PEy Project Emission :
64,973 t-CO2/y
Emission of GHG with improvement of efficiency by the Project

Chapter 10
10.2 Proposal of Operation and Effect Indicators
10.2.1 Proposal of Operation and Effect Indicators
As operation and effect indicators for performing an ex-post valuation, three indicators shown in
Table 10.2-1 are proposed.
Table 10.2-1 Operation and Effect Indicators to Propose

Purpose
Indicator Function
As Operation Indicator As Effect Indicator
To evaluate whether the facility
a) Facility Maximum load[MW]/ To evaluate whether the
availability factor has been
availability (Rated capacity of the facility distributing substation is
improved by the proper value
factor [%] [MVA] * power factor) operated proper
after the Project
Annual outage times in the
Project area occurred by fault at To evaluate whether reliability
b) Outage times To evaluate whether
installed connection transformer has been improved by the proper
[times/year] reliability is kept proper
and continuation of outage more value after the Project
than one minute
c) Electricity To check that the

Annual electric energy transmitted
supply distributing substation is To evaluate the increased energy
from the target transformer
[MWh] utilized efficiently.
Besides, it can be targeted at connection and distribution transformers and transmission lines
regarding the facility availability factor and the electricity supply. However, since the power flow
of the facility of those other than distributing transformers depends on the operation conditions of
the system at the evaluation time greatly. For example, the power flow changes with operation
status (opening-and-closing status) of 115kV transmission lines. Therefore, they are unsuitable as
indicators and the facility availability factor and the electricity supply of only a distributing
transformer are proposed as indicators here.
10.2.2 Targeted Values of Operation and Effect Indicators
The targeted values are set up aiming at the two-year back (2022) of the project completion.
The targeted values of operation and effect indicators are shown in Table 10.2-2. Besides, the
facility availability factor was calculated by making the demand estimate value in 2022 of each
substation into a maximum load value.

Chapter 10
Table 10.2-2 Targeted Values of Operation and Effect Indicators

Standard Targeted
Indicator Facility Remarks
value value
NCC* S/S - Power factor 95%
－ 98%
(115/22kV) - The demand forecast value in 2022 of
Toul Kork S/S JICA Study Team is used for the
a) Facility － 99% maximum load. (69.5 at NCC, 70.3 at
(115/22kV)
availability Toul Kork and 119.7 at Chroy
factor [%] Changvar)
Chroy Changvar S/S - Assumed that 75MVA transformer at
－ 84%
(115/22kV) Chroy Changvar S/S will be extended
by 2022.
GS5
－ 0 －
b) Outage times (230/115kV)
[times/year] NCC S/S
－ 0 －
(230/115kV)
NCC S/S
－ 89,104
(115/22kV) Targeted value is distributed
proportionally with the demand forecast
c) Electricity supply Toul Kork S/S
－ 90,119 value in 2022, after computing 3
[MWh] (115/22kV)
substation sum total value by the method
Chroy Changvar S/S described in Section 11.1.
－ 153,383
(115/22kV)
* NCC : National Control Center Source: JICA Study Team


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Chapter 8

Final Report Preliminary Design

Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and

CHAPTER 8 PRELIMINARY DESIGN

8.1 OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION FACILITIES

8.1.1 Outline of 230kV Overhead Transmission Line

Table 8.1-1 Outline of 230kV Overhead Transmission Line

Nominal Voltage 230kV

Supporting structure Steel tower or Special steel tower : 31

Conductor TACSR*1 610mm2 × 2 or equivalent

Ground Wire OPGW*2 90mm2 or equivalent

Ground Wire AC*3 100mm2 or equivalent

8-1 Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and

Source: JICA Study Team

Location Map of 230kV Overhead Transmission Line

Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and 8-2

Midpoint of WPP and NPP GS5

Length 2.5km 5.0km 7.5km 10.2km

8-3 Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and

8.1.2 Transmission Capacity of 230kV Overhead Transmission Line

8.1.3 Preliminary Design of 230kV Overhead Transmission Line

Step 1 Setup of climatic conditions

(1) Setup of climatic conditions

Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and 8-4

Table 8.1-3 Basic Climatic Conditions

Isokeraunic Level (IKL) 38-132 thunderstorm days/year

Annual Rainfall Average 1,290mm

Maximum Wind Velocity 32.0m/s

Maximum Humidity 100%

(2) Selection of conductors and ground wire

Table 8.1-4 Technical Characteristics of Conductor

8-5 Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and

Table 8.1-5 Technical Characteristics of Ground Wires (230kV)

(3) Setup of ground clearance

Table 8.1-6 Minimum Height of Conductor above Ground (230kV)

(4) Setup of wire conditions

(a) Maximum working tension of conductor

Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and 8-6

(b) Maximum working tension of ground wire

(c) Sag of conductor

8-7 Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and

Table 8.1-9 Insulator Size

(b) Supporting structure

Table 8.1-10 Fundamental Steel Tower Type

12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0

Source: JICA Study Team

Fig. 8.1-5 Steel Tower’s Example

Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and 8-8

Table 8.1-11 Foundation Type and Application

Source: JICA Study Team

Fig. 8.1-6 Foundation’s Example

(6) Separate setting of a special part

(a) The crossing part of 115kV transmission line

(b) The part along the railway

(c) Road crossing part

8-9 Preparatory Survey for Phnom Penh City Transmission and

8.1.4 230kV Rough Construction Process

Table 8.1-12 Rough Construction Process of 230kV Transmission Line

Check survey and soil boring