This document contains 9 practice problems for a differential equations final exam, along with their solutions. The problems cover a range of differential equation types including initial value problems, separable equations, Laplace transforms, Fourier series, and partial differential equations modeling heat conduction and wave propagation.
This document contains 9 practice problems for a differential equations final exam, along with their solutions. The problems cover a range of differential equation types including initial value problems, separable equations, Laplace transforms, Fourier series, and partial differential equations modeling heat conduction and wave propagation.
This document contains 9 practice problems for a differential equations final exam, along with their solutions. The problems cover a range of differential equation types including initial value problems, separable equations, Laplace transforms, Fourier series, and partial differential equations modeling heat conduction and wave propagation.
This document contains 9 practice problems for a differential equations final exam, along with their solutions. The problems cover a range of differential equation types including initial value problems, separable equations, Laplace transforms, Fourier series, and partial differential equations modeling heat conduction and wave propagation.
1. A tank originally contains 10 gal of water with 1/2 lb of salt in solution.
1 Water containing a salt concentration of 200 (10 − t)2 (sin(t) + 1) lb per gallon flows into the tank at a rate of 1 gal/ min, and the mixture is allowed to flow out of the tank at a rate of 2 gal/ min. The mixture is kept uniform by stirring. Let Q(t) (in lb) be the amount of salt in the tank after time t (in min).
(i) How long (in min) will it take for the tank to become empty?
Answer: t = 10 min.
(ii) Write the initial value problem for Q(t) (before the tank is empty) and solve it.
Answer: 1 Q(t) = (10 − t)2 (t − cos(t) + 2). 200
2. Solve the differential equation
(2xy + y 3 )dx + (x2 + 3xy 2 − 2y)dy = 0.
Answer: x2 y + xy 3 − y 2 = C. 3. Find the general solution of
dx̄ 4 2 = x̄. dt −1 6
Answer:
cos(t) + sin(t) 5t cos(t) − sin(t) 5t x̄ = c1 e + c2 e . cos(t) − sin(t)
(ii) Draw the phase portrait of the system. What is the origin called in this case? Is the origin stable, unstable or semi-stable?
Answer: The origin is an unstable clockwise spiral.
4. Use the method of undetermined coefficients to solve the initial
value problem
y 00 −4y 0 +13y = (4t−4) cos(3t)+(12t−6) sin(3t), y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 1.
6. (i) Show that the Laplace transform of f (t) = t sin(t) is
2s . (s2 + 1)2
Hint: Use the relationship between the Laplace transform of a function
and that of its derivative.
By Formula 19 in the Laplace table
L(t sin(t)) = −F 0 (s),
where F (s) = L{sin(t)} = s21+1 .
Since F 0 (s) = ds d ( s21+1 ) = − (s22s +1)2 , we have that L(t sin(t)) = − (s22s +1)2 .
(ii) Use the Laplace transform and (i) to solve the initial value prob- lem y 00 + y = cos(t), y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1.
Answer: y(t) = (t + 1) sin t.
7. Let f be defined on the interval [0, 1] by f (x) = 2x + 1. Derive two
different Fourier series which each give a representation of f valid on the interval (0, 1) at least.
Answer: The Fourier series of f (x) = 2x + 1 over [−1, 1] is
∞ X 4(−1)n+1 1+ sin(nπx). nπ n=1 The sine Fourier series of f (x) = 2x + 1 over [0, 1] is ∞ ∞ X 2 X 6 − sin(2nπx) + sin((2n − 1)πx). nπ [2n − 1]π n=1 n=1
You could have written the cosine Fourier series as well.
Hint: Here the left end of the bar is kept at fixed temperature 10, while the right end is insulated. There is no ”ready formula” for this case, you have to work from scratch.
Answer: 3x u(x, t) = e−9t/16 sin( ) + 10. 2
9. Solve the wave problem:
uxx = utt , 0 < x < π, t > 0;
u(0, t) = 0, u(π, t) = 0, t ≥ 0; u(x, 0) = sin(4x) + 2 sin(6x), ut (x, 0) = sin(10x), 0 ≤ x ≤ π.
