Vedic Cosmology

-Arun Kumar Upadhyay, Bhubaneswar

Summary-Cosmology in India is much more than modern astronomy. It is science of creation,
continuation and decay of universe, hierarchy of space structures and micro worlds,
interaction between 3 major world systems image of each other-cosmic world, earth, human
body. There is no single theory, but harmony of 2 or 3 theories, giving rise to 2x3 darśana.
We see space structures in 5 stages and 7 lokas or 10 dimensions of Universe seen as 10
Mahā vidyā . There is yajña or creation at 5 stages and 3 levels of worlds. There is
simultaneous destruction, called Sañchara-Pratisañchara. This article tries to summarise all
concepts which will give further direction to scholars. All knowledge is by Ṛ ṣ i tradition, errors
are mine.
1. Unification-There have been many disputes about unification. One rumour has been spread
by Oxford, Radhakrishnan etc that Multi-god theory of Vedas developed to unitary god in
Upaniṣads. Original writers had deliberately written false, followers copied them without
seeing any text. In Bṛhadā raṇ yaka upaniṣad (3/9/1-7), Yā jñavalkya tells about 33, 11, 6, 3, 2
and even 1.5 Devas. Devas can be many, but Brahma is one.
Brahma is one, but its description is not one. Abstract Brahma has no distinction between
any 2 points, so there is nothing to describe. When visible universe is created, there is variety.
Unique essence is realized after thought-called Anu-paśyati (= sees later on). It has many
varieties which defy unique description. Our words have limited meanings which change with
context. For all situations we don’t have precise word, so we describe them in round-about
way (Paryagā t). ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई-
ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ईईईई ईई ईईईई
ईई ईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई
ई ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ई-
ईईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईई
Mathematics has 2 separate branches to explain discrete and spread matters (field theory) as
world has both types of formations. Some are mixed also.
So, we have 2 methods of study-
(1) Vidyā (or Parā Vidyā )-Unification, overall picture
(2) Avidyā (Aparā vidyā )-classification
These are called Jñā na and Vijñā na also.
ईईईईईईई ई ईईईईईईईई ई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईई ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई (ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई, ईई)
ईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईईई ई ईईई ईईई ईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईई-ईईई
ईईई ईईईई ई (ईईईईईईईईईईईईई, ई)
ईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई
(ईईईईईई, ई/ई/ई)
Third part of Gā yatrī mantra tells about Dhī-yoga, i.e structure of knowledge and acquiring.
ईईईई ईई ईई ईईईईईईईईईई (ईईईईईईई, ईईई ई)
ईईईईईईई ईईई ई ईईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईई ई ईईईईई ईईई
ईईईईईईईई (ईईई, ई/ईई/ई)
Here, Vipaśchit indicates that we should be able to see Vikalpa = alternative also. In Gītā
(2/42), A-vipaśchit means fool having single track mind.
Bhā gavata purā ṇ a, chapter (11/19) indicates that world can be known in 1, 3, 5, 9, 11 parts-
ईईईईई ईईईईई (ईई/ईई)-ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईई
ईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईई ईई ईईईईईईईई ई ईईईईईई ईईई ईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई
Brief idea of classes is given below-
(1) Unity means that-Rules of science are same in all places, times and for all persons.
-Meaning of words in a language are same for all.
-Essential source of world is one.
-All objects of world are single inter-connected system, called Puruṣa.
(2) 2 types of knowledge-Vidyā , Avidyā stated above. Countable knowledge is Gaṇ eśa
(Gaṇ ana = count), abstract is Sarasvatī (Rasa = abstract). Gaṇ eśa is visible (Pratyakṣa)
Brahma. By closeness, different objects appear one, that is Subrahma (Gopatha Brā hmaṇ a,
1/1/1). Combination of discrete and field knowledge is Subrahmaṇ ya. World is divided into
several pairs-Puruṣa-Ś rī, Agni-Soma, Vṛṣā -Yoṣā , Prā ṇ a-Rayi, Theory-experiment etc.
(3) Triples-3 Guṇ as, 3 world systems image of each other-Cosmic, earth, human body.
Aspects of knowledge-Jñā na (totality), Jñeya (which can reach observer), Parijñā tā
(approximate knower)-by observation we disturb the system, even from that limited effect
reaches us.
Karaṇ a-Karma-Kartā = Instrument, action, doer
Jñā na-karma-kartā = Perception, action, knower.
ईईईई-ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई (ई/ईई)
ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई (ई/ईई)
ईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईई ई
ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईई (ईई/ईई)
ईईईईईई ईईईई ई ईईईईईईई ई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई (ईई/ईई)
ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईई (ईई/ईई)
ईईईईईईईईईई ईई ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईई
ईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईई(ईई/ईई)
ईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई (ईई/ईई)
(4) Fours-There are about 50 types of triple divisions are listed in Taittirīya Brā hmaṇ a like 3
Vedas. But each division leaves something beyond that classification. There are 3 Guṇ as and
a Nistraiguṇ ya or merger of all 3. All bodies and universe is called Puruṣa. 3 Levels of Puruṣa
can be described-(i) outward form is Kṣara which decays, (ii) Functional identity is Akṣara, (iii)
as part of whole or chain of changes it is Avyaya. Fourth level is Parā tpara, beyond
description. For each level, there is a form of Kā la (Time)-Nitya, Janya, Akṣara, Parā tpara.
Similarly, Trayī (triple) means 4 vedas, 1 root + 3 branches.
(5) Fives-Creation of world is in 5 levels (Parva)-Svā yambhuva, Brahmā ṇ ḍ a (galaxy), sun,
Planetary system, earth. Parallel to that, Yajña is classified in 5 or 5x5 types. There are many
divisions in 5-ईईईईईई ईईईई-ई. ईईईईईईईईईईईईईई, ई. ईईईई ईईईईईईईईई,
ईई. ईईईईईईईईई, ईई. ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई, ईई. ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई
ईईई ईईईईई-ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई (ई/ई) ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई(ई/ई) ईईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईई
ईईईईईईई (ई/ई) ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई
(ई/ई)
When Avidyā is not joined with Vidyā (unification, harmony) it is Kleṣa or gives sorrow. We
fight with other views due to these 5 reasons. When there is harmony, they are 5 steps of
science-(1) Avidyā = classification, (2) Asmitā = identity of each group, (3) Rā ga = similarity
within group, (4) Dveṣa = Difference with other group, (5) Abhiniveṣa = Fixing theory or rule
by link between theory and experiment.
(6) 6 Darśana-There are 6 views of world (Darśana). Parallel to that, there are 6 darśa-vā k
(scripts). 6 darśana are in 2 ways-(i) creation is by duality of Puruṣa-Ś rī by action of 3 Guṇ as.
So, 2x3 views exist. (ii) 5 Dimensions are needed to describe mechanical world which acn be
measured by 5 basic units. Extra 5 aspects of Chetanā (which can do Chiti = arrangement) are
needed for conscious (Chetana) world. So, there will be 6 Darśana for 5-10 dimensions having
elements equal to squares. There will be 6 scripts with equal number of letters. 5 2-Sā nkhya-
Roman script with 25 letters
62-Ś aiva-Russian, Latin
72-Marut-Devanā garī
82-Kalā -Brā hmī
(8+9)2-Vijñā na Vā k of Vedas-36x3 vowels, 36x5 consonants, one ॐ.
103 to 104-Sahasra Vā k beyond Vyoma (Tibet) in China.
These are indicated in a verse of Asya-vā mīya sū kta of Ṛ gveda.
ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईई ईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईईईईईई
(ईईईईईई ई/ईईई/ईई, ईईईईई ई/ईई/ईई, ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ई/ई/ई/ईई,
ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ई/ई/ई, ईईईईईईई ईई/ईई)
(7) 10 Mahā vidyā -Vidyā is perception, Mahā vidyā is application or action. For 10 dimensions
there are 10 Mahā vidyā . 5 are dimensions of space-time and matter extending till infinite.
Other 5 are limited-6. Chiti or Puruṣa, 7. Ṛ ṣi =link between any two points, 8 Nā ga or Vṛtra =
boundary surface, 9. Randhra or Nanda= deficit which is cause of change, 10. Rasa or
Ā nanda= uniform source of world.
2. Summary of modern theories-In 1931, there was a theory by Kurt Godel that no system can
be complete and consistent. This was called Incompleteness Theorem in Mathematical logic.
It was made more general by Paul Cohen in 1961. Accordingly, there cannot be a single
theory which can describe the whole world. Still, Einstein tried for whole life to build unified
field theory but failed. He himself could never reconcile Quantum Mechanics with his theory
of relativity. Many others also tried to formulate unified theory after it was well proved that
there cannot be any such theory.
(A) V. L. Ginzburg has identified 7 key problems in Astrophysics in his book- Physics of the
20th Century-History and Outlook’ by Mir Publishers, Moscow-last chapter, page 298-
(i) Experimental checks and applicability of the general theory of Relativity.
(ii) Gravitational waves.
(iii) Cosmological problem-Relation between cosmology and high energy physics.
(iv) Neutron stars and pulsars. Physics of black holes.
(v) Quasars and galactic nuclei. Formation of galaxies.
(vi) Origin of cosmic rays and cosmic, gamma ray and x-ray radiations.
(vii) Neutrino astronomy.
(B) Einstein’s theory of Gravitation (General Theory of Relativity) has been generalized in
four broad directions -
(i) Theories based on four dimensional manifolds described by geometries more general than
Riemannian-
(a) Weyl and Eddington uniting electromagnetism and gravitation.
(b) Geometries using torsion-Elie Cartan Geometry. This was attempted by Einstein, R.
Finkelstein, theories of supergravity model and beyond unified model.
(c) Differential geometries by J. A. Schouten.
(ii) Gravitational theories with additional factors-
(a) Scalar Tensor theories of Jordan,-Brans-Dick, using scalar field.
(b) Finsler geometries-metric is a scalar function of point and vector.
(c) Biometric theories of Rosen and others.
(d) Fourth order field equations like super-gravitation and Twister theory of Penrose.
(iii) Action at a distance theories-R. Feynman ad J.A. Wheeler introduced absolute absorber
in future explaining influence of remaining universe. Hoyle-Narlikar theory is an example.
(iv) Quantum theories of gravitation. This places a lower limit to length and time-
Planck’s distance = 1.6 x 10-35 meters.
Least time interval =10-43 seconds (in which light ray will travel that distance). This is still at
elementary stage with following preliminary steps-
(a) Quantization of weak gravitational field.
(b) Particle pair creation in expanding universe.
(c) Gravitational modelling of elementary particles.
(d) Super symmetry and Super-gravity.
(C) Various dimensions have been assumed in such theories-
(i) 3 dimensional space in Laplace theory of cosmology.
(ii) 4 dimensional space-time continuum in Einstein’s relativity theory.
(iii) 5 dimensional Kaluza-Klein Theory uniting gravitational and electromagnetic fields.
(iv) 6 dimensional theory of gravitational and Electro-weak interactions by Weinburg-Salam.
(v) Multi-dimensional theory with 2 time like co-ordinates.
(vi) Ten dimensional string theories- 5 alternative models have been proposed and 2 M-string
theories have come up.
Even Maharshi Mahesh Yogi, M.Sc. (Physics) formulated Unified Vedic theory of creation.
(D) Weaknesses of modern cosmology- 1. PCP-Perfect Cosmological Principle-It is basic
assumption of all theories that the Universe as a whole is homogeneous, isotropic and
steady-i.e. same in all places, all directions and all times. The feature with these 3 Satyas is
called Satya Loka. Tri-satya has other meanings also-(a) Nā ma, rū pa, guṇ a = name, form,
actions. (b) 3 modes of truth in verbal logic-yes, no, may be. By combination of these 3, there
are 7 fold truths. (c) Similarly, combination of Bhū , Bhuvar, Svah-gives 7 lokas. This is first
s
e Universe is not seen uniform, but James Jeans explained in “Mysterious Universe”-1931 that
2.
n level of 1000 galaxies, it is uniform. However, recent researches indicate that it is not
at
t
uniform even at largest scales. Ultimate source of Universe might have been uniform, but it is
e
nowhere seen in created Universe. Thus, no theory based on these assumptions can explain
n universe.
real
c There is no experimental verification of any theory in astronomy. All mathematical
3.
e
equations and models are conjectures only.
4. In 1931, it was proved by Godel that no mathematical theory can be complete and
o
consistent both. It was expanded by Cohen in 1961. But, All scientists starting with Einstein had
f

V
e
craze of Unified Field Theory. Mahesh Yogi also came up with his Unified theory on Vedic
concepts. That has resulted in proliferation of theories. Vedas are blamed that their meaning
is uncertain. But all human languages are based on physical observations. Similar meaning is
assigned to words for cosmic and internal systems. If we analyze text as per cosmic, physical
and internal meanings-there is no ambiguity. Currently, there are more than 22 Cosmological
theories-none of them explains real universe.
5. We are uncertain about number of dimensions of world. Laplace in his nebular hypothesis
assumed 3 dimensional space. Einstein added time to form 4-dimensional space-time-
continuum. Before him, Mach made many models of Universe and its observed aspect. There
were Thermo-dynamic models by Maxwell and Willard Gibbs. General theory of Relativity
(GTR) by Einstein resulted in unstable expanding Universe. To counter that, he inserted an
arbitrary constant. But real Universe was explained by 3 models omitting that constant.
Theories of 5, 6, 9, 10.11 dimensions were also developed.
6. Nature of dimensions is not clear. 2 of 10 dimensions are called-Time-like. Some are local
and some infinite.
7. Salam, Weinburg etc. developed theories of splitting of 4 fundamental forces from single
one, parity aspect and creation of varieties of atomic particles.
8. Ultimate source was assumed primordial strings of 10-35 meter, but next levels are missing
and nature of quarks is not clear. 5 types of 10 dimensional string theories were modified by
M-string theory-all are guess.
3. Solution by Vedic thought-(1) Since there cannot be a single theory of cosmology, there
should be multiple theories. But how many theories suffice?
(2) Nā sadīya sū kta described 10 theories of origin of universe, explained by Daśavā da-
Rahasya of Paṇ ḍ ita Madhusudan Ojha (1925) and in 10 separate books on each view.
ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईई ईईईईईई ईईई ईईईई
ईईईईईईईईई ईईई ईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईईईईईईई
ई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ई ईईईईई ई ईईईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईई ईईई ई ईईईईईई
ईई ईईईईई ईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईई ईई ईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई
ईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईईई
ईई ईईईईई ईईई ई ईई ईईई ईईईईई ईईई ईईईईा ईईई ईईई ईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईई ईईई ईई ईईईईईईईई
ईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईई ईई ईईई ईईई ईई ईई
ईई ईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईई ईईई ईई ई ईईईईईई
(ईईईईईई ईई/ईईई/ई-ई, ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ई/ई/ई/ई-ई)
In addition to these 10 views, Madhusudan Ojha wrote 2 more books making a total of 12
Siddhantas-
1. Sadasadvā da, 2. Rajovā da, 3. Vyomavā da, 4. Aparavā da, 5. Avaraṇ avā da, 6. Ambhovā da,
7. Amṛtamṛtyuvā da, 8. Ahorā travā da, 9. Daivavā da, 10. Samśayavā da, 11. Itivṛttavā da, 12.
Siddhā ntavā da.
ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईई ईई ईईई ईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई
ईईई ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई (At the end
of Ahorā travā da book)
These 10 views are listed with brief indication-
1. Sat-asat vā da-Sat = which can be perceived. Asat = beyond perception. There is one
combination. With Sat, Asat, Sat-Asat, there are 3x7 types of theories encompassing all
Vaidika, Bauddha, Jaina views.
2. Rajovā da-Raja = particles, motion, wealth etc. All lokas (world structures) are Raja. By
motion or Rajoguṇ a, world has been created, maintained by Sattva and destroyed by
prominence of Tama.
3. Vyomavā da-vacant space is origin of creation which gave rise to vā yu, agni, Ap, Earth etc
in that order.
4. Aparavā da-Para = Ā tmā , Apara = Prakṛti. Creation by Prakṛti is subject of Sā nkhya.
5. Ā varaṇ avā da-Ā varaṇ a = cover, vayuna. Their inter-link is weaving, cover or measure is
Chhanda, body within is Vayonā dha. Vaya joins a body, so it means age also.
6. Ambhovā da-From uniform Rasa, there was differentiation by waves etc creating stages of
Salila, Ap, Ambha, Mara etc in 3 oceans of Nabhasvā n, Sarasvā n, Arṇ ava in Universe, galaxy,
solar system.
7. Amṛta-mṛtyu vā da-Rasa form is eternal. Created form is mṛtyu (Puruṣa sū kta 3). Whatever
is created will definitely die, some aspects remain eternal.
8. Ahorā tra vā da-Creation from Abstract to visible is Ahar (day) of Brahmā . Reverse is Rā tri
(night). Creation cycles at 9 levels are Ahorā tra theory.
ईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई (ईईईई, ई/ईई)
9. Devavā da-Prā ṇ a or energy is of 2 types-dormant or inactive is Asura, creative form is
Deva. From Devas only, world has been created.
10. Samśayavā da-No body existed at start of creation, so all theories are guess work only and
uncertain beyond a limit.
11. Itivṛtta vā da-Described in Purā ṇ as. Each stage of creation affects next stages.
12. Siddhā ntavā da-Specific laws of force decide nature of change. That is always in 2 opposite
directions-Sambhū ti-vinā śa, or Sañchara-pratisañchara. Forces are indicated by 7 Ṛ ṣis in bird
form. 4 universal forces (gravitation, electromagnetic, strong and weak nuclear forces of
modern physics), 2 wings indicating symmetry, 1 tail indicating asymmetric force.
(3) 6 Darśana-10 Vā das of Nā sadīya sū kta existed in Sā dhya yuga. Thereafter, Brahmā
summarised them in 6 Darśanas. They are in 3 groups-
Sā nkhya-Yoga, Nyā ya-Vaiśeṣika, (Pū rva) Mīmā nsā -Uttara Mīmā nsā (Vedā nta)
Larger group divides in 6x6 categories.
For cosmology purpose, we can divide it into 2-
Puruṣa-Ś rī (Matter bodies-field theory)
Or we can make a triple by adding Yajña (creation, transformation).
(4) Interlink between 3 world systems-Though there are 13 levels of world, three world
systems are taken as image of each other for triple meaning of Vedic verses-
1. Cosmic-Ā dhidaivika, 2. Earth-Ā dhibhautika, 3. Man-Ā dhyā tmika.
Their interlink is not observable by experiments. If it is disturbed by experiment, then separate
creation will not remain. These are observed by 2 extra-sensory perceptions. Normal
perceptions is by 5 sense organs with 5 Prā ṇ as. 2 Asat prā ṇ as are-Ṛ ṣi, Parorajā . ईईईईईई
ईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ई -- ईईईई ईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ई ईईईईईई-ईई ईई
ईईई ईईई ई (ईईईई ईईईईईईईई, ई/ई/ई/ई) ईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईई (ईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईई, ई/ईई/ई)
(5) It describes actual structure of different cosmic and micro levels much smaller than atom,
whereas modern cosmology forms arbitrary equations of uniform space of single level.
4. Puruṣa Theory-Pura = structure. Dweller within it is Puruṣa. Abstract element beyond
boundaries of Pura is indicated by long vowel-Pū ruṣa.
Space has 2 abstract levels-1. Parā tpara Nirviśeṣa-No distinction between matter/energy.
2. Parā tpara Viśiṣṭa-Differentiation of matter-energy (Ś iva-Ś akti).
Visible levels are 5-
1. Svayambhū Maṇ ḍ ala-Collection of 100 billion galaxies
2. Parameṣṭhī Maṇ ḍ ala-This is biggest brick (Iṣṭaka) called Brahmā ṇ ḍ a (one egg of Brahma
as universe). Central rotating disc is Ā kā śagangā (Milky way) having spiral arm called Ahir-
budhnya (snake in flood) or Ś eṣa-nā ga in Purā ṇ a terms. Creating field is Kū rma having 10
times diameter. Now it is seen as Neutrino corona, called Goloka in Brahmavaivartta Purā ṇ a,
Prakṛti khaṇ ḍ a, chapter 3. It is 246 times size of earth having 100 billion stars.
3. Saura maṇ ḍ ala-Solar system sky is defined as zone having more light that background of
galaxy and is 230 times earth size (Ṛ gveda, 10/189/3).
4. Chā ndra Maṇ ḍ ala-Sphere containing orbit of sun. Planetary system till Neptune is called
disc shaped earth of 1 billion yojana (yojana = 1000 part of earth diameter, 12.8 km). Inner half
is loka having zones formed around earth by planetary orbits named as Dvīpas of earth and
intermediate rings as oceans. Outer part is called Aloka (dark).
5. Bhū Maṇ ḍ ala-earth planet.
Man is 6th world. Starting from man, earth, sun (gravitational zone), galaxy, universe are
successively 1 crore times bigger (Viṣṇ u purā ṇ a 2/7/3-4).
Smaller than man, there are 7 levels, successively 1 lakh times smaller. These are-
1. Kalila (cell), 2. Jīva (atom), 3. Kuṇ ḍ alinī, 4. Jagat (particles of 3 types-Chara-lepton, Sthā ṇ u-
Baryon, Anu-pū rva-Mesonic link particles), 5. Deva dā nava-2 forms of nuclear energy, 6.
Pitara (prototype, quarks?), 7. Ṛ ṣi (string).
ईईईईईईई ईई ईईईईईईई ईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ईई ईईईईईईईईई ई (ईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईईई, ई)
ईईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईईईई ईईई ईईईईईई ई ईईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईईईईई ईईई ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई (ईईईईईईईईई, ई/ईईई)
ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईई
ईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईई
ईईईईईईईईईईईई ईईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईईईईईईईई ई
ईईईईईईईईईईईईईईईई ईई ईईईईई ईईईईईईई ईईईईई ईईई (ईईईईईई ईईईईई,
ई/ई/ई,ई)
There is cross ratio of 5 and 7 in sequence of worlds at base of 10. So, there should be total of
10 dimensions.
Higher world-5 levels, inner ratio- 107
Lower world-7 levels, inner ratio-105.
5. Ś rī Theory-10 dimensions can be defined as per literal meanings and context as-
0-Point has zero dimensions (Ś ū nya)
1-Rekhā
2. Pṛṣṭha
3. Ā yatana-Related to Ā yu (age or time)
4. Piṇ ḍ a-matter (this is not considered a dimension, but curvature of space-time continuum
in Relativity theory). Indicated by 4 headed Brahmā . He is part of Nā la (stem of lotus) which
means 4 in Tamil.
5. Kā la-as fifth dimension, indicated by 5 heads of Ś iva.
6. Puruṣa or Viṣṇ u-As Universal Chetanā , it is able to do Chiti (design, City). His incarnation
Kā rttikeya has 6 heads.
7. Ṛ ṣi-There are 7 types of Ṛ ṣis. Many have 7 divisions also. As primordial string, it is start of
creation. After creation, it is 7 types of force linking various bodies.
8. Nā ga or Vṛtra-Boundary surface of bodies.
9. Randhra or Nanda-Defect or difference of matter/energy density which causes motion and
change. As cause of motion, it is called time like dimension.
10. Ā nanda or Rasa-Abstract source of universe. 3 fourth of it still remains after creation
assumed as scalar field in modern theories (Puruṣa sū kta, 3).
8. Yajña Theory-Yajña in space is creation of 5 levels of world-(1) Svā yambhuva (=Self
created, Universe), (2) Parameṣṭhī (= Largest brick, Galaxy), (3) Saura (Solar system), (4)
Chā ndra (Sphere containing moon orbit), (5) Pṛthivī (Earth planet). This chain of creation is
reverse tree (Gītā 15/1) . This chain remains constant called Avyaya Aśvattha or Avyaya
Puruṣa. Individual structures are enclosed in a boundary and are always decaying. They are
Kṣara Puruṣa. Despite decay they have same hidden identity (Kū ṭastha) and function till they
remain-it is Akṣara Puruṣa. Formless homogeneous source is Parā tpara.
As there are 5 levels of creation in space, there are 5 daily rituals and active Brahma (Ka) has
5 forms symbolized by 5 Kakā ras in Sikhism. Rudra-yā mala gives 5 daily rituals, same as 5
daily namā ja in Islam.
There are 5 mahā -yajña (Manusmṛti 3/70) in daily routine-1.Brahma-yajña = study, 2. Pitṛ-
yajña = paying back source (predecessors, society, surroundings), 3. Daiva-yajña =
Strengthening external and internal Prā ṇ as whose energy is used by us, 4. Bhū ta-yajña =
Feeding animals and others helping us, 5. Nŗ-yajña = Serving guests etc.
Taittirīya upaniṣad (1/7/1) tells that yajña is 5x5. Brahma-sū tra calls it Pañchī-karaṇ a. These
5x5 are-
1. Pṛthivī, antarikṣa, dyau, diśā , avā ntara-diśā ,
2. Agni, vā yu, ā ditya, chandramā , nakṣatra.
3. Ā p, Oṣadhi, vanaspati, ā kā śa, ā tmā , -
These 3 are Adhibhū ta group. 3 Adhyā tma groups are-
4. Prā ṇ a, vyā na, apā na, udā na, samā na,
5. Chakṣu, śrotra, mana, vā k, tvak,
6. Charma, mā nsa, snā va, asthi, majjā .
From first 3x5, second 3x5 are fulfilled.
Aitareya Brā hmaṇ a (1/5) indicates 5x5 classification of yajña-
1. Anna-pankti-1. Pā ka- yajña (guhya = hidden), 2. Iṣṭi, 3. Paśu, 4. Soma (2-4 are Vitā na =
spread, sutyā ), 5. Agni-Chayana- yajña or Chityā .
2. Haviş-pankti-1. Dhā na, 2. Karambha, 3. Parivā pa, 4. Puroḍ ā śa, 5. Payasya.
3. Akṣara-pankti-1. Su = ā nanda, 2. Mat = mana, 3. Pat = Vijñā na, 4. Vak = Vā k, 5. De =
Prā ṇ a.
4. Narā śansa-pankti-(use of residue product)-1. Prā tah-savana-2 Narā śansa (=N), 2.
Mā dhyandina savana-2 N, 3. Sā yam-savana-2N= total 5 Narā śansa.
5. Savana pankti-1. Upavasatha Paśu (Agni-somīya paśu), 2. Prā tah-savana, 3. Mā dhyandina
savana, 4. Sā yam-savana, 5. Anubndhyā Paśu (controlled by Maitrā -Varuṇ a)
These classifications are as per-1. Available materials, 2. Process of consumption, 3.
Completion of desires, 4. Consumption of products, 5. Times of using men and materials.
There are many theories and classification of Yajñas which need a separate book.