DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

North La Union Campus

Bacnotan, La Union

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Secondary Education Department

Detailed Lesson Plan

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

1. identify the different kinds of bacteria;

2. draw the different shapes of bacteria;
3. appreciate the benefits of bacteria.
II. Subject Matter:

A. Topic: Bacteria
B. Reference: a. Introduction to Bacteria.(April 19,2015).Retrieved
http://handsonclassrooms.org/files/Science/introduction_to_bact
eria_02.ppt
b. Bacteria - MicrobeWorld.(April 19,2015).Retrieved
from http://www.microbeworld.org/types-of-
microbes/bacteria
c. Bacteria -MicrobiologyOnline.(April19,2015).Retrieved
fromhttp://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-
microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria
C. Materials: visual aids (mp and pictures)
D. Skills: drawing
E. Values: appreciation, patience
F. Concept: Bacteria are not all harmful to humans but rather, it
has more benefits to humans and the environment.

III.Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

A. Preliminary Activities (take 5 mins)

Greetings
Prayers
Checking of Attendance
Classroom Management

B. Review (this will take 5 mins)

Before we proceed to our lesson, Ma’am bacteria and protozoa.

let’s have a review about
unicellular organism. Can you give
me an example of a unicellular
organism?
Ma’am, unicellular algae and
Very good, what else? unicellular fungi or yeasts.
 Ma’am because they are single-celled
Yes. That’s correct! And why are organism. From the root word uni
they called unicellular organism? which means one or single.

Very good. These unicellular

organisms are single-celled and
also called prokaryotes. Now, do Ma’am Bacteria!
you have any idea if what is the
smallest type of unicellular
organism?

You’re right!

C. Motivation (this will take 10 mins)

Class, I have here a picture which

shows different words that are (students choose a word and explain)
related to bacteria. I want you to
choose one word and use it to
describe or define bacteria.

(show picture)

D. Developmental Activities
(this will take 20 mins)

Okay class, since we already

describe and define bacteria; let us
now study the different shapes of
Ma’am, the white colored bacterium
bacteria. Look at this photo
has a round shape.
carefully and tell me the shape of
each bacterium. (show picture)
Ma’am the bacterium on the center
Very good. What else?
has a rod shape.

Ma’am it is a spiral shaped bacterium.

Correct. And the last one?

Yes. Very good. These are the

three basic shapes; rod shaped
called bacilli, round shaped called
cocci and the spiral shaped also
called spirillum. Some exist as
single cells, others are clustered
together.
Yes ma’am!
Do you think bacteria are alive?
Ma’am because the bacteria can
Why do you think so?
reproduce.

Ma’am because they eat.

You’re right. Very good! What else
can make you think that a
bacterium is alive?
 Ma’am because the bacteria can
Yes. What else? move.

Ma’am they use their flagella to move.

Very good. What do they use to
move?

Yes. Most motile bacteria move by

the use of flagella There are helical
bacteria which have a specialized
internal structure known as the
axial filament which is responsible
for rotation of the cell in a spiral
fashion and consequent
locomotion and others are gliding
bacteria. Ma’am they reproduce through binary
fission wherein they multiply through
Since we said a while ago that a division.
bacteria can reproduce, do you
have any idea how they Ma’am through conjugation, wherein
reproduce? the cilia of the bacterium connects to
other cilia of a bacterium then
Very good. There is one more way transfers genetic material to another.
on how bacteria reproduce, what is
it? Ma’am some make their own food
from sunlight, like the photosynthetic
bacteria.
You’re right! Now, what do you
think do they eat? Ma’am some are scavengers like the
bacteria in our stomach which eat
what we eat.
Yes. Another?
Ma’am some bacteria eat other
bacteria which are also called
pathogens.
Correct! What else?

Ma’am bacteria that make us sick.

Very good! So what are Ma’am they produce poisons that

pathogens? Do you have any result in fever, headache, vomiting,
idea? and diarrhea and destroy body tissue.

And how do they make you sick? Ma’am through direct contact with
people who are sick.

Ma’am from food, Water, or other

Correct! Where do you get a surfaces that are contaminated.
pathogen?
Yes ma’am. For example, you could
Yes, what else? become infected if you come into
contact with equipment that has
been touched by an ill person.
Is it also possible that you get
infected through indirect contact? Ma’am some pathogenic bacteria rely
How? on insect carriers such as
mosquitoes, fleas, lice or ticks to
move from host to host.

No ma’am.
Yes. What else?

Ma’am not all bacteria are pathogenic

because there are some types of
bacteria that help with digestion and
Very good! Are all bacteria also used as ingredients of some
pathogens? foods like cheese for fermentation.

Why? Explain further. Ma’am it is also used for production of

antibiotics and the photosynthetic
bacteria produces oxygen.

Correct. Anymore more idea?

Ma’am, one is Pediococcus which is
used in production of fermented
meats.
Very well said! Can you give some
example of helpful bacteria as we
have said a while ago that not all Ma’am Lactobacillus casei which is
bacteria are pathogenic and some found in human intestines and mouth
are helpful? So what are these to improve digestion.
helpful bacteria?
Ma’am Leuconostoc cremoris which is
Yes. What else? used in the production of buttermilk
and sour cream.

Ma’am Lactobacillus bulgaricus which

Anymore? is used in the production of yogurt
and cheese.

Ma’am Pathogenic E. coli which is

No more? found in ground beef, contaminated
fruits and vegetables.

Ma’am Salmonella which is found in

Very good. Do you know some raw meats, poultry, eggs, sprouts, fruit
common pathogens? and vegetables

Ma’am Listeria which is Found in deli

Yes. What else? foods, lunch meats, smoked fish and
vegetables.

Ma’am washing our hands often will

Correct. What else? avoid the transfer of bacteria to our
mouth or food.
 You’re right. So what can we do to Ma’am food should be cook
prevent or avoid these pathogenic thoroughly to kill any pathogens that
bacteria? may be in the food.

Yes. What else? Ma’am let us store food properly to

limit pathogen growth.

Correct. Anymore?

Very good!
(students will now draw)
E. Application (this will take 5 mins)

Direction: Bring out a piece of bond

paper and draw the different
shapes of bacteria. Ma’am bacteria are the smallest
unicellular organism.
F. Generalization (this will take 5 mins)

Okay class, let’s have a recap on Ma’am the rod shaped called bacilli,
what we have discussed today. round shaped called cocci and the
What are bacteria? spiral shaped also called spirillum.

What are the different shapes of Ma’am they move, reproduce and eat.
bacteria?

Ma’am the bacteria that make us sick.

What are the evidences or proof
that bacteria are alive? Ma’am through direct and indirect
contact with other people. And also
What are pathogens? from the contaminated foods, water
and surfaces.
How do we get pathogens?
Ma’am Pediococcus which is used in
production of fermented meats,
Lactobacillus casei which is found in
human intestines and mouth to
What are the examples of good improve digestion, Leuconostoc
bacteria? cremoris which is used in the
production of buttermilk and sour
cream and Lactobacillus bulgaricus
which is used in the production of
yogurt and cheese.

Ma’am Pathogenic E. coli which is

found in ground beef, contaminated
fruits and vegetables, Salmonella
which is found in raw meats, poultry,
What are the common pathogenic eggs, sprouts, fruit and vegetables
bacteria? and Listeria which is Found in deli
foods, lunch meats, smoked fish and
vegetables.

Ma’am we should wash our hands

often, food should be cook thoroughly
 and food should be stored properly to
avoid pathogenic bacteria.
How can we avoid pathogenic
bacteria?

Very good!

IV. Evaluation (this will take 5 mins)

Direction: Bring out ¼ piece of paper and identify the following bacteria if it is
beneficial or harmful and give their shape. (14 pts.)

1. Pediococcus
2. Pathogenic E. coli
3. Lactobacillus casei
4. Salmonella
5. Leuconostoc cremoris
6. Listeria
7. Lactobacillus bulgaricus

V. Assignment

Read about multicellular organism.

Prepared by:

Sharon M. Ballasiw
BSE II- BioSci

Presented to:

Dr. Violeta F. Collado

Course Instructor
Photo used in Motivation:

Photo used in the developmental activity: Identification of shapes.