Different Types of Corrosion: Recognition
Different Types of Corrosion: Recognition
Different Types of Corrosion: Recognition
Index
caustic cracking
stress corrosion cracking
hydrogen blistering
hydrogen embrittlement
hydride embrittlement
hydrogen-induced cracking (stepwise cracking)
hydrogen stress cracking
sulfide stress cracking
liquid metal cracking
Mechanisms
What causes environmental cracking? Environmental cracking results from the conjoint action of three
components:
For example, copper and its alloys are susceptible to ammonia compounds, mild steels are susceptible to
alkalis and stainless steels are susceptible to chlorides.
There is no unified mechanism for environmental cracking in the literature. Various models have been
proposed which include the following:
Adsorption model: specific chemical species adsorbs on the crack surface and lowers the fracture
stress.
Film rupture model: stress ruptures the passive film locally and sets up an active-passive cell. Newly
formed passive film is ruptured again under stress and the cycle continues until failure.
Pre-existing active path model: Pre-existing path such as grain boundaries where intermetallics and
compounds are formed.
Embrittlement model: Hydrogen embrittlement is a major mechanism of environemntal cracking for
steels and other alloys such as titanium. Hydrogen atoms diffuse to the crack tip and embrittle the
metal.
Prevention
How to prevent environmental cracking? Environmental cracking can be prevented through:
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