Define Management & Its Functions

DEFINE MANAGEMENT & ITS FUNCTIONS
Management is the process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other
organizational resources.
Management has the following 3 characteristics:
1. It is a process or series of continuing and related activities.

2. It involves and concentrates on reaching organizational goals.
3. It reaches these goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources.
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS:
The 4 basic management functions that make up the management process are described in the following
sections:
1. PLANNING
2. ORGANIZING
3. INFLUENCING
4. CONTROLLING.
PLANNING: Planning involves choosing tasks that must be performed to attain organizational goals, outlining
how the tasks must be performed, and indicating when they should be performed.
Planning activity focuses on attaining goals. Managers outline exactly what organizations should do to be
successful. Planning is concerned with the success of the organization in the short term as well as in the long
term.
ORGANIZING:
Organizing can be thought of as assigning the tasks developed in the planning stages, to various individuals or
groups within the organization. Organizing is to create a mechanism to put plans into action.
People within the organization are given work assignments that contribute to the company’s goals. Tasks are
organized so that the output of each individual contributes to the success of departments, which, in turn,
contributes to the success of divisions, which ultimately contributes to the success of the organization.
INFLUENCING:
Influencing is also referred to as motivating, leading or directing. Influencing can be defined as guiding the
activities of organization members in he direction that helps the organization move towards the fulfillment of
the goals.
The purpose of influencing is to increase productivity. Human-oriented work situations usually generate higher
levels of production over the long term than do task oriented work situations because people find the latter type
distasteful.
CONTROLLING:
Controlling is the following roles played by the manager:
1. Gather information that measures performance

2. Compare present performance to pre established performance norms.
3. Determine the next action plan and modifications for meeting the desired performance parameters.
Controlling is an ongoing process.

7 Important Characteristics of Management
On the analysis of various definitions, the following characteristics of management emerge:
(1) Management is Goal-oriented Process:
No goal in the hand no need of management. In other words, we need management when we have some goals to be
achieved. A manager on the basis of his knowledge and experience tries to achieve the goals which are already decided.
Hence, nothing is wrong to say that management is a goal-oriented process.
(2) Management is All-pervasive:
Anything minus management is nothing or zero. Here by anything we mean all types of activities-business and non-
business. If we deduct management out of these activities, the result will be failure or zero. It means management is
necessary to conduct any type of activities. Hence, it is pervasive or universal.
(3) Management is Multidimensional:
The management is a three-dimensional activity:
(i) Management of Work:

Every organisation is established for doing some work, like a school provides education, a hospital treats patients, a
factory produces, etc. Of these, no work can be completed satisfactorily without management,
(ii) Management of People:
Each organisation is established for doing some work and the same is conducted by people. Hence, it is necessary to
manage the people so that the work can be accomplished in a better way.
(iii) Management of Operations:
To achieve the goals of an organisation many operations or activities need to be conducted, such as, production, sale,
purchase, finance, accounting, R&D, etc. Again, management is needed to make sure that operations are accomplished
efficiently and effectively.
(4) Management is a Continuous Process:
The various managerial activities cannot be performed once for all, but it is a continuous process. A manager is busy
sometimes in doing one managerial activity and at other times some other activity.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
(5) Management is a Group Activity:
It means that (|T-2 it is not a single person who consummates all the activities of an organisation but it is always a group
of persons (managers). Hence, management is a group effort.
(6) Management is a Dynamic Function:
Management is a dynamic activity as it has to adjust itself to the regularly changing environment. In this context, it can be
rightly said that nothing is eternal in management.
It is necessary here to clearly understand that the recognition of management in the form of group is only in reference to
big organisations, because in these kinds of organisations many managers are appointed at various managerial levels.
On the other hand, in small organisations only one manager is sufficient as he can himself manage all the affairs of the
organisation. For these kinds of organisations it would not be right to call management a group activity.
(7) Management is an Intangible Force:
Management is that power which cannot be seen. It can only be felt. If any organisation is heading toward higher levels of
achievement, it signifies the existence of good management and vice versa. In other words, achievement reflects the
quality of management and its effectiveness.

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DEFINE MANAGEMENT & ITS FUNCTIONS

Management has the following 3 characteristics:

1. It is a process or series of continuing and related activities.

Controlling is the following roles played by the manager:

1. Gather information that measures performance

Controlling is an ongoing process.

On the analysis of various definitions, the following characteristics of management emerge:

(1) Management is Goal-oriented Process:

(2) Management is All-pervasive:

(3) Management is Multidimensional:

The management is a three-dimensional activity:

(i) Management of Work:

(5) Management is a Group Activity:

(6) Management is a Dynamic Function:

(7) Management is an Intangible Force:

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