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Geometry Formulas

This document provides formulas for calculating geometric properties of various shapes including triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, spheres, prisms, pyramids, and platonic solids. Key formulas include calculating the area and perimeter of triangles, rectangles, squares, circles and spheres. Formulas are also provided for calculating surface areas and volumes of 3D shapes like cubes, cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Uploaded by

Hyma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
293 views

Geometry Formulas

This document provides formulas for calculating geometric properties of various shapes including triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, spheres, prisms, pyramids, and platonic solids. Key formulas include calculating the area and perimeter of triangles, rectangles, squares, circles and spheres. Formulas are also provided for calculating surface areas and volumes of 3D shapes like cubes, cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Uploaded by

Hyma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geometry Formulas

3.1. Right Triangle

𝟏
Area of a right triangle= bh
𝟐
Perimeter of a right triangle = a+b+c
Pythagoras Theorem = Hypotenuse2 = Perpendicular2 + base2
Where, b is the base of a triangle
h is the height of the triangle
3.2. Isosceles Triangle

𝟏
Area of Isosceles Triangle Formula= bh
𝟐
𝑏2
Altitude of an Isosceles Triangle= √𝑎2 −
4

3.3. Equilateral Triangle

√3 2
Area of an Equilateral Triangle = 𝑎
4

Perimeter of an Equilateral Triangle=3a

Semi Perimeter of an Equilateral Triangle =3a / 2


√3
Height of an Equilateral Triangle== 𝑎
2

3.4. Scalene Triangle

Area of Triangle = ½ x b x h

When all the sides are given , A = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)


Where s = (a+b+c)/2
3.5. Square

Area of a Square=a2
Perimeter of a Square (p) =4a
3.6. Rectangle

Area of a Rectangle, A = l × b
Perimeter of a Rectangle, P = 2 (l + b)

Diagonal of a Rectangle, D = √𝑙 2 + 𝑏 2
3.7. Parallelogram

Area = b × h
Perimeter of a Parallelogram=2(Base+Height)

Height of a Parallelogram, Height=Area/Base


Diagonal of Parallelogram =p2+q2=2(a2+b2)
3.8. Rhombus

𝑑1 𝑑2
Area of a Rhombus =
2

d1 is the length of a diagonal


d2 is the length of the other diagonal

Perimeter of a rhombus = 4 × a
Where,
a is the side.
Area = 4 x ½ (ab)
Where,
b is the length of the base
a is the altitude (height).
Area = Sin2 sinx
s is the length of any side
x is an interior angle
sin is the sine function

3.9. Trapezoid

𝑎+𝑏
Area of a Trapezoid = ℎ
2

Perimeter of a Trapezoid, P=a+b+c+d


Perimeter of a Trapezoid
h = height (Note – This is the perpendicular height, not the length of the legs.)
a = the short base
b = the long base
Height (altitude) = 2a/(b1 + b 2)
Base length = (2a/h) – b
𝑏+2𝑎
Centroid of a Trapezoid, 𝑥 = ℎ
3(𝑎+𝑏)
3.10. Isosceles Trapezoid

a+b
Area of Isosceles Trapezoid = h
2

Perimeter of Isosceles Trapezoid =a+b+2c


3.13. Kite

Area of a Kite= (1 ⁄ 2) × Diagonal


Perimeter of a Kite= 2a+2bWhere,
a = The length of First pair
b = The length of second pair
3.14. Cyclic Quadrilateral
Cyclic Quadrilateral = √(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)(s − d)
Where s is called the semi-perimeter,
s = (a + b +c + d) / 2
3.15. Tangential Quadrilateral

Area=√𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑 (or)
A=rs
Where,
r = radius of inscribed circle
s = semi-perimeter = (a + b + c + d)
3.16. General Quadrilateral
Area of a Square = (side)2
Area of a Kite = (1 ⁄ 2) × Diagonal
Area of a Parallelogram = Base × Height
Area of a Rectangle= Base × Height
base1+base2
Area of a Trapezoid= h
2

3.17. Regular Hexagon


3√3 2
Area of hexagon = 𝑎
2

Where a is the length of each side of the hexagon


3.18. Regular Polygon

The formula for area of a regular polygon is given as,


𝒍𝟐 𝒏
A= 𝝅
𝟒𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒏
Where,
l is the side length
n is the number of sides

3.19. Circle

Area of a Circle = πr2


Circumference of a circle =2πr
Where,
r is the radius of the circle.
d is the diameter of the circle.
C is the circumference of the circle.
3.20. Sector of a Circle

𝜃
Area of sector = 𝜋𝑟 2
3600
𝜃
Length of an arc of a sector== 2𝜋𝑟
3600

Where, r is the circle radius

3.21. Segment of a Circle

1 2
Area of a Segment in Radians = 𝐴 = 𝑟 (𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
2
1 2 𝜋
Area of a Segment in Degrees= 𝐴 = 𝑟 ( 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
2 180

Where, r is the radius of a circle


3.22. Cube

Surface area of Cube=6x2


Volume of a cube = x3
Diagonal of a Cube = √3𝑥
Where,
x is the side length of the cube.

The Cube Formula for any value ‘x’ is given as,


𝑥3 = 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑥

3.23. Rectangular Parallelepiped


Surface area = 2ab+2bc+2ac
Volume = abc
Diagonal =√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
3.24. Prism

Rectangular Prism

Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism = 2(bl+lh+hb)


Volume of a Rectangular Prism=lbh
Base Area of a Rectangular Prism =bl
Where,
b – base length of the rectangular prism.
l – base width of the rectangular prism.
h – height of the rectangular prism.

Triangular Prism

Surface Area of a triangular Prism= ab +3bh


1
Volume of triangular prism= abh
2
Base area of a Triangular Prism =12ab
Where,
a – apothem length of the prism.
b – base length of the prism.
l – base width of the rectangular prism.
h – height of the prism.
Pentagonal Prism

Surface Area of a pentagonal Prism = 5ab+5bh


5
Volume of a Pentagonal Prism= abh
2
5
Base Area of Pentagonal Prism= ab
2
Where,
a – apothem length of the pentagonal prism.
b – base length of the pentagonal prism.
h – height of the pentagonal prism.

Hexagonal Prism

Surface Area of a hexagonal Prism = 6ab +6bh


Volume of a HexagonalPrism=3abh
Base area of hexagonal prism=3a
Where,
a – apothem length of the hexagonal prism.
b – base length of the hexagonal prism.
h – height of the hexagonal prism.
3.25. Regular Tetrahedron
1
Area of One Face of Regular Tetrahedron, 𝐴 = √3𝑎2
4

Total Surface Area of Regular Tetrahedron 𝐴 = √3𝑎2


√3
Slant Height of a Regular Tetrahedron = 𝑎
2

𝑎 √6
Altitude of a Regular Tetrahedron, ℎ =
3

𝑎 3 √2
Volume of a Regular Tetrahedron, 𝑣 =
12

3.26. Regular Pyramid

1
Surface Area of a Pyramid=Base Area + (Number of Base Sides× Slant Height ×
2
Base Length)
1
Volume of a Pyramid= ×Base Area ×Height
2
Square Pyramid

Surface Area of a Square Pyramid=2bs+b2


1
Volume of a Square Pyramid = b2h
3

Base Area of a Square Pyramid=b2


Where,
b – base length of the square pyramid.
s – slant height of the square pyramid.
h – height of the square pyramid.

Triangular Pyramid

1 3
Surface Area of a Triangular Pyramid= ab+ bs
2 2
1
Volume of a Triangular Pyramid= abh
6
1
Base Area of a Triangular Pyramid= ab
2

Where,
a – apothem length of the triangular pyramid.
b – base length of the triangular pyramid.
s – slant height of the triangular pyramid.
h – height of the triangular pyramid

Pentagonal Pyramid

5 5
Surface Area of a Pentagonal Pyramid= ab+ bs
2 2
5
Volume of a Pentagonal Pyramid= abh
6
5
Base Area of a Pentagonal Pyramid= ab
2

Where,
a – apothem length of the pentagonal pyramid.
b – base length of the pentagonal pyramid.
s – slant height of the pentagonal pyramid.
h – height of the pentagonal pyramid.
Hexagonal Pyramid

Surface Area of a Hexagonal Pyramid=3ab+3bs


Volume of a Hexagonal Pyramid=abh
Base Area of a Hexagonal Pyramid=3ab
Where,
a – Apothem length of the hexagonal pyramid.
b – Base length of the hexagonal pyramid.
s – Slant height of the hexagonal pyramid.
h – Height of the hexagonal pyramid.
3.27. Frustum of a Regular Pyramid
ℎ(𝐵1 +𝐵2 +√𝐵1 𝐵2 )
Volume of Frustum of a Regular Pyramid, V =
3
𝑠(𝑃1 +𝑃2 )
Lateral Surface of Frustum of a Regular Pyramid, S =
2
Where,
s = Slant height
P1 and P2 = Perimeter of Bases
h=Height
B1 and B2 = Base Areas
3.28. Platonic Solids
Tetrahedron

Surface Area = √3𝑎3


√2 3
Volume= 𝑎
12

Cube

Surface Area = 4a2


Volume = a3

Diagonal = √3𝑎
Octahedron

Surface Area=2√3𝑎2
√2 3
Volume= 𝑎
3

Dodecahedron

Surface Area = 30 × a × ap
1
Volume= (15 + 7√5)𝑎3
4
Icosahedron

Surface Area=5√3𝑎2
5
Volume = (3 + √5𝑎3 )
12

3.33. Frustum of a Right Circular Cone

A= π (R1+R2)s
𝜋ℎ
V= (R2+Rr+r2)
3
3.34. Sphere

Surface Area of a Sphere=4πr2


4
Volume of a sphere= π3
3
Where, r is the radius of the sphere
3.35. Spherical Cap

π
The volume of the spherical cap with base radius, V = H 2 (3R2 = H 2 )
3

Where,
H = height
S = sphere radius
A = base radius
R = sphere radius
3.36. Spherical Sector
Surface Area of the spherical sector, A=πr (2h+a)
2𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
Volume of the Spherical Sector, V =
3
3.37. Spherical Segment

Surface Area of the spherical segment, A =2πRh


𝜋ℎ
Volume of the Spherical segment, V = (3𝑟12 + 3𝑟22 + ℎ2 )
6

3.38. Spherical Wedge


Surface Area=2R2θ
2
Volume= R3 θ
3
Arc Length at the equator = Rθ
3.39. Ellipsoid

4
Volume of an Ellipsoid, V= πabc (or)
3
4
V= πr1 r2 r3
3
Where,
r1= radius of the ellipsoid 1
r2= radius of the ellipsoid 2
r3= radius of the ellipsoid 3

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