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KALEMAH ISLAMIC CENTER is a community center for all. Kalemah

was founded in 2007 and is managed by a Board of Emirati
Nationals, an Executive Committee and a staff of over a dozen full-
time employees. We operate based on charitable donations from
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We are a non profit organization officially registered under the

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Government of Dubai.

Our Mission: To propagate the

pristine, unadulterated teachings of
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in Dubai in the most effective and
appropriate way.

Our Vision: The souls of a nation,

connected to their Creator.
2
 al-Muaqddimah al-Ājurrāmiyyah
By Imām Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ājurrām al-Sinhājī (d.723H)

In the name of Allāh, the Most Merciful, the

Bestower of Mercy

Speech is utterance, [which is]

compounded, meaningful, in its placement.

And it is three types: Noun, Verb and

Particle which conveys meaning.

So the Noun is known by Al-Khafdh, At-

Tanween, the acceptance of the particle of
definition Alif Laam, and the letters of
Khafdh, and these are from (min), to (ilaa),
‘An, above (‘Alaa), in (Fee), Little/A lot
(Rubba), Transmission (al-Baa),
Resemblance (al-Kaaf) and al-Laam (of
ownership or specificity).

And the letters of pledge, which are: al-

Waaw, al-Baa and al-Taa.

And the verb is known by Qad, al-Seen,

Sawfa, and al-Taa al-Ta’neeth as-saakinah.

And the particle is that which does not accept

the indicators or signs of the noun or verb.

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 Chapter: Grammatical Analysis

The Grammatical analysis is the changing

of vowel markings at the end of words
according to the addition of agents;
whether they are explicit or implicit.

The types of grammatical analysis are

four: Raf', Nasb, Khafdh and Jazm.

So for the nouns is Raf', Nasb and

Khafdh with Jazm excluded.

And for the verbs is Raf', Nasb and Jazm

with Khafdh excluded.

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 Chapter: Knowing the signs of
grammatical analysis

There are four signs which indicate the

condition of Raf': The Dhammah, the
Waaw, the Alif and the Noon.

As for the Dhammah: Then it is an

indicator of Raf’ in four Instances: [1]
The singular noun, [2] The broken plural,
[3] The sound feminine plural, and [4]
The present tense verb which has
nothing attached to the end of it.

As for the Waaw: Then it is an indicator

of Raf’ in two cases: [1] The sound
masculine plural and [2] The five
exceptional nouns which are: Abooka,
Akhooka, Hamooka, Fooka, and Dhoo-
Maalin.

As for the Alif: Then it is an indicator of

Raf’ specifically in [1] the dual forms.

As for the Noon, Then it is an indicator of

Raf’ in the present tense if it is
connected to an attached pronoun of
duality, an attached pronoun of
pluraility, or an attached pronoun used
to address the female gender.

And for the conditions of Nasb there are

five signs: the Fathah, the Alif, the
Kasrah, the Yaa, and the removal of the
letter Noon.

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As for the Fathah, then it is an indicator
of the state of Nasb in three instances:
[1] In the singular nouns, [2] In broken
pural forms, [3] In the present tense
verbs if a Naasib precedes it and there is
nothing attached to the last letter in the
verb.

As for the Alif, then it is an indicator of

the state of Nasb in the five nouns. Like
the following example: Ra’aytu Abaaka
wa Akhaaka. And whatever resembles
this.

As for the Kasrah, then it is an indicator

of the state of Nasb for the sound
feminine plurals.

As for the Yaa, then it is an indicator of

the state of Nasb in both the dual and
plural noun forms.

As for the removal of the letter Noon,

then it is an indicator of the state of
Nasb in the five verbs when the indicator
of the state of Raf’ is the fixedness of the
letter Noon.

And for the conditions of Khafdh, there

are three signs: The Kasrah, the Yaa, and
the Fathah.

As for the Kasrah, then it is an indicator

of the state of Khafdh in three instances.
[1] The singular noun which has vowel
markings that can be changed [accept
Tanween]. [2] In broken plural forms
where the vowel markings can also be
changed. [3] In the sound feminine
plurals.

As for the Yaa, then it is an indicator of

the state of Khafdh in three instances:
[1] The five nouns, [2] The dual forms,
[3] The plural forms.

As for the Fathah, then it is an indicator

of the state of Khafdh for the nouns
which are fixed and do not change their
vowel markings.

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And for the state of Jazm, there are two
signs: [1] The Sukoon, and [2] Removal.

As for the Sukoon, then it is an indicator

of the state of Jazm in the present tense
verbs which end in a sound letter.

As for removal, then it is an indicator of

the state of Jazm when the last letter in
a present tense verb is weak, and in the
five verbs when the sign of the state of
Raf’ is the fixedness of the letter Noon.

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 Section

The words which contain vowel markings

that can be changed are divided into two
groups. One group is identified by
diacritical vowel markings while the
other group is identified by way of
letters.

So the group which is identified by way

of vowel markings contains four types of
nouns. [1] The singular noun, [2] The
Broken plural, [3] The sound feminine
plural, [4] The present tense verb to
which there is nothing attached to the
end of it.

In all of the previous nouns the condition

of Raf’ is indicated by a Dhammah, the
condition of Nasb is indicated by a
Fathah the condition of Khafdh is
indicated by a Kasrah, and the condition
of Jazm is indicated by a Sukoon.

The only exceptions from those are

three: [1] The sound feminine plural in
which the condition of Nasb is indicated
by a Kasrah, [2] The condition of Khafdh
in Nouns which vowel marks do not
change is a Fathah, [3] The present tense
verb which ends with a weak letter
enters the state of Jazm with the
removal of its last letter.

And the group of words which are

grammatically identified by letters are of
four types: [1] The dual form, [2] The
sound masculine plural, [3] The five
nouns, [3] The five verbs which are
Yaf’alaan, Taf’alaan, Yaf’aloon,
Taf’aloon and Taf’aleen.

As for the dual form then the condition

of Raf’ is indicated by an Alif and the
condition of Nasb and Khafdh is
indicated by the letter Yaa.

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As for the Sound masculine plural, then
the condition of Raf’ is indicated with
the letter Waaw and both the condition
of Nasb and Khafdh are indicated by the
letter Yaa.

As for the Five nouns then the condition

of Raf’ with them is indicated with the
letter Waaw and the condition of Nasb is
indicated with the letter Alif, and the
condition of Khafdh is indicated with the
letter Yaa.

As for the Five verbs then condition of

Raf’ with them is indicated by the
establishment and firmness of the letter
Noon. Both the conditions of Nasb and
Jazm are indicated by the removal of the
Noon.

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 Chapter: Verbs

The verbs are three [types]: Past Tense,

Present Tense and Command form. For
example: He hit, He is hitting, and Hit!

The Past Tense always ends with a

Fathah.

The Command always ends with a Jazm.

The Present tense is preceded by one of

four extra letters which are gathered in
the word (Anaytu) and the present tense
is always in a state of Raf’ until an article
of Nasb or Jazm enters upon it and alters
its vowel marking.

The articles of Nasb are ten: An, Lan,

Idhan, Kay, Laamu Kay, Laam al-Juhood,
Hataa, responses with Faa, Waaw, or
Aw.

The articles of Jazm are twelve: Lam,

Lamaa, Alam, Alammaa, Laam al-Amr
and Du’aa, and Laam in al-Nahi and
Du’aa, In, Maa, Mann, Mahmaa, Idh
maa, Ayy, Mataa, Aynaa, Abaan, Anaa,
Haythumaa, Kayfamaa, Idhaa when it is
used specifically in poetry.

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 Chapter: The Nouns which are in the
state of Raf’

The Nouns which are in the state of Raf'

are seven: They are [1] the verbal
subject (doer), [2] the Object whose
subject is not named, [3] the Nominal
Subject, [4] its Predicate, [5] the Noun of
Kaana and her sisters, [6] the Predicate
of Inna and her sisters, and [7] the
follower of something in the state of Raf'
which are four; the adjective,
conjunction, emphasis, and substitution.

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 Chapter: The Verbal Subject (Doer)

The Verbal Subject (Doer) is the Noun in

the state of Raf' which is preceded by its
own verb.

And it consists of two types: apparent,

and Implicit.

So the Apparent Verbal Subject (Doer) is

like the following: Mentioned in the
Arabic text.

And the Implicit Verbal Subjects (Doers)

are twelve like the following: Mentioned
in the Arabic text.

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 Chapter: Object whose subject is not
named

This is a noun that is in Raf’ but whose

subject is not mentioned with it.

When the verb is a past tense; then the

first letter takes a Dhammah and the
penultimate takes a Kasrah. On the
other hand, if the verb is a future tense;
then the first letter takes a Dhammah
but the penultimate takes a Fathah.

This is two types: Apparent and Implicit.

The explicit is in such statements as:

Mentioned in the Arabic text.

The implicit contained in the verb is

twelve as in the following examples:
Mentioned in the Arabic text.

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Chapter: Nominal Subject and Predicate

The Nominal Subject is a Noun in the

state of Raf', which is unaffected by
explicit agents.

The Predicate is a Noun in the state of

Raf' which is attributed to the subject
like the following examples: Mentioned
in the Arabic text.

The Nominal Subject consists of two

types: Apparent and Implicit.

So the Explicit is what was previously

mentioned.

And the Implicit Nominal Subjects are

twelve like the following: I, We, You
(male), You (female), You (dual), You lot
(m), You lot (f), he, she, they (dual), they
(m), they (f).

Like the statements: Mentioned in the

Arabic text. And whatever is similar to
this.

And the predicate is of two types:

Singular [word] and Non-Singular [word].

The example of Singular Predicate is the

sentence: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

The Non-Singular Predicate consists of

four things:

[1] The articles of Jaar, [2] Circumstantial

Preposition, [3] The Verb and its Verbal
subject and [4] The Nominal Subject and
its Predicate. Examples of this can be
found in the following sentences:
Mentioned in the Arabic text.

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Chapter: Agents that enter the Nominal
Subject and Predicate

Agents that can affect the Nominal

Subject and Predicate are divided into
three categories: 1. Kaana and her
sisters. 2. Inna and her sisters. 3.
Dhununtu and her sisters.

As for Kaana and her sisters they make

the Nominal subject into the state of Raf'
and place the Predicate into a state of
Nasb.

Kaana and her sisters include…

Mentioned in the Arabic text. Like it is
said: Mentioned in the Arabic text. And
whatever is similar to this.

As for Inna and her sisters then they

make the Nominal Subject into the state
of Nasb and place the predicate into the
state of Nasb. Inna and her sisters
include: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

As it is said in the following examples:

Mentioned in the Arabic text. And
whatever is similar to this.

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Both Inna and Anna are used to express
emphasis. Ka-Anna is used for similarity,
Lakinna is used to express rectification.
Layta is used to express regret. La’alla
used to express anticipation and
expectation.

As for Dhanantu and her sisters. Then

they place both the Nominal subject and
predicate into the state of Nasb while
making them nominal objects for
Dhanantu and her sisters.

Dhanantu and her sisters are: Mentioned

in the Arabic text.

It is said: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

And whatever is similar to this.

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 Chapter: The Adjective

The adjective follows the object of

description in its Raf', Nasb, and Khafdh
while also following the object of
description in its definiteness or
indefiniteness.

It is said: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

The condition of definiteness consists of

five things: [1] Pronoun; like I and You,
[2] Proper Nouns; like Zayd and Makkah,
[3] Ambiguous nouns; like this (m), this
(f), and these, [4] Nouns which are
preceded by the definite article; like the
man and the boy, [5] [Nouns] which are
attributed with one of the four
previously mentioned nouns.

The indefinite consists of every noun

which is general in its classification and is
not easily distinguished from other
nouns of the same type. One might
approximate that the indefinite includes
all of the words that can accept the
definite article.

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 Chapter: Conjunction

The letters of Conjunction are ten:

Waaw, Faa, Thumma, Aw, Amm, Imma,
Bal, and Laa, Laakin, and in some
instances Hatta.

So if a word is conjoined with another

which is in the state of Raf' then the
conjoined word also assumes the state
of Raf', and if a word is conjoined with
another which is in the state of Nasb
then the conjoined word also assumes
the state of Nasb, and if a word is
conjoined with another which is in the
state of Khafdh then the conjoined word
also assumes the state of Khafdh, and if
a word is conjoined with another which
is in the state of Jazm then the conjoined
word also assumes the state of Jazm.

As it is said: Mentioned in the Arabic

text.

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 Chapter: Emphasis

The Emphatic Article follows the

emphasized object in its Raf', Nasb,
Khafdh, and definiteness.

The emphatic state is established with

the following wards: Nafs, Ayn, Kulli,
Ajmu’, and the words that can be
extracted from Ajmu’ like: Akta’u,
Atba’u, and Absa’u.

It is said: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

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 Chapter: Substitution

If a noun is substituted for another noun

or if a verb is substituted for another
verb then the substitute follows the
original noun or verb in exactly the same
grammatical state.

Substitution is divided into four

categories: [1] The complete substitution
of something. [2] The substitution of a
part for the whole. [3] The theoretical
substitution. [4] The Substitution of
error.

Like the statements: Mentioned in the

Arabic text.

Since (Zayd) was mentioned accidentally,

the word (al-Farasa) is then mentioned
directly afterwards as a substitution for
the word which was mentioned
mistakenly.

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 Chapter: Nouns in the state of Nasb

The Nouns in the State of Nasb are

fifteen: [1] The verbal object, [2] The
infinitive, [3] The preposition
(circumstantial) of time, [4] The
preposition (circumstantial) of place, [5]
Status (state), [6] Specification, [7]
Exception, [8] The Noun of Laa [9] The
Caller, [10] The Causative Object, [11]
The Object of Accompaniment, [12] The
Predicate of Kaana and her sisters [13]
The Nominal Subject of Inna and her
sisters. [14] The articles which follow
what has proceeded in Nasb are four:
the adjective, the conjunction, the
emphatic article, and the substitution.

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 Chapter: The Verbal Object

The Verbal Object is the Noun in the

state of Nasb upon which a verb is
enacted. Like the statements: Mentioned
in the Arabic text.

And it is divided into two types:

Apparent, and Implicit/pronoun.

The apparent has been previously

explained.

The implicit can be divided into two: The

attached and detached.

So the Attached Implicit Verbal Objects

are twelve which include: Mentioned in
the Arabic text.

And the Detached Verbal Objects are

also twelve which include: Mentioned in
the Arabic text.

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 Chapter: The Masdar (Original noun)

The Masdar (Original Noun) is the Noun

in the state of Nasb which is mentioned
third when conjugating Arabic verbs. For
Example: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

And the Masdar (Original Noun) can be

divided into two groups: By Wording,
and By Meaning.

So if the letter composition of the

Masdar agrees with the verb which is
extracted from it then the Masdar is
written like: Mentioned in the Arabic
text.

And if the meaning of the Masdar agrees

with a verb consisting of a different word
structure but conveys the same meaning
as the Masdar then this Masdar is
considered abstract like: Mentioned in
the Arabic text. And whatever is similar
to this.

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Chapter: The circumstantial preposition
of time and place

The circumstantial Preposition of Time is

a noun of time, which is in the state of
Nasb with the implied meaning of "in" as
in the following examples: day, night,
morning, beginning of day till sunset, last
of the night, tomorrow, first third of the
night, midnight to the zenith, evening,
infinity, infinity, and that which is similar
to this.

The circumstantial Preposition of Place is

a noun of location, which is in the state
of Nasb which conveys the meaning of
"in" as in the following examples: In
front, behind, in front, behind, above,
below, next to, with, opposite, close, far,
close, And whatever is similar to this.

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 Chapter: The situational

The Situational is the Noun in the state

of Nasb which gives description to an
ambiguous situation, like the following:
Mentioned in the Arabic text. And that
which is similar to it.

The Situational does not exist except in

the indefinite state, and does not occur
except after completed speech. The
companion of the Situational cannot be
anything other than Definite.

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 Chapter: Distinction

The Distinctive is the Noun in the state

of Nasb which gives description to an
ambiguous object like the following
statements: Mentioned in the Arabic
text.

The Distinctive does not exist except in

the indefinite state and does not occur
except after completed speech.

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 Chapter: The exceptional

The articles of exceptional are eight: Ilaa,

Ghayru, Siwaa, Suwaa, Sawaa, Khalaa,
Adaa, Haashaa.

The Exceptional with (Ilaa) is entered

into the state of Nasb if the speech
which has preceded it is complete. For
example: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

If the speech is complete and also

negative then substitution here is
permissible, as well as exception as in
the following: Mentioned in the Arabic
text.

If the speech is deficient then its

grammatical classification depends upon
the presence of agents like those found
in the following examples: Mentioned in
the Arabic text.

The exceptional with Ghayr, Siwaa,

Suwaa, Sawaa are always in a state of
Jarr.

The exceptional with Khalaa, Adaa, and

Haashaa can place the noun which
follows it into either the state of Nasb or
Jarr like that found in the following
examples: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

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 Chapter: Laa

Know that (Laa) Places indefinite nouns

without the tanween into the state of
Nasb if it is immediately followed by
another indefinite noun and the (Laa) is
not repeated as in the following
sentence: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

And if it is not immediately followed by

an indefinite noun then the state of Raf'
becomes obligatory as does the
repetition of (Laa) as in the following
example: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

So if (Laa) is repeated then it is

permissible for it to be used as it is also
permissible for it to remain unused. So it
can be said: Mentioned in the Arabic
text.

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 Chapter: Calling (Vocative)

The Called (Vocative) is of five types: [1]

The Single Proper Name, [2] The
indefinite Intended [Implied], [3] The
indefinite unintended, [4] The attributed
Nouns, [5] And that which resembles the
attributed Nouns.

As for the Single Proper Name and the

Indefinite Intended then they are both
linguistically constructed upon the
Dhamma without the presence of
Tanween like in: Mentioned in the Arabic
text.

And the three remaining stay in the state

of Nasb and do not change.

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 Chapter: The Causative object

The Causative Object is the Noun in the

state of Nasb which is mentioned in
order to explain the reason why a verb
occurred as in the following examples:
Mentioned in the Arabic text.

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 Chapter: The Accompanying verbal
object

The Accompanying Verbal Object is the

Noun in the state of Nasb which is
mentioned in order to explain who
participated in the enactment of the
verb (action) as in the following
examples: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

As for the Predicate of Kaana and her

sisters and the Nominal Subject of Inna
and her sisters then you will find its
mention in the chapter of the Nouns in
the State of Raf' and you will also find its
explanation in the chapter of following;
this has preceded.

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 Chapter: The Nouns in the state of
Khafdh

The Nouns in the state of Khafdh are

three types: [1] The Nouns in the state of
Khafdh because of a particle, [2] The
Nouns in the state of Khafdh due to
compounding, [3] And The Nouns in the
state of Khafdh because of Succession
(Following the Vowel marking of
whatever preceded it).

As for the Nouns in the state of Khafdh

because of a particle then they are
whatever is grammatically affected by:
Mentioned in the Arabic text.

And as for the Nouns which are placed

into the state of Khafdh by way of
compounding then their example is like
that of the following: Mentioned in the
Arabic text.

And they are divided into two groups:

[1] That which is supposed with al-Laam

like: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

[2] That which is supposed with Min,

like: Mentioned in the Arabic text.

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