Chile BUR3 1 Chile - 3BUR PDF

CHILE´S
THIRD BIENNIAL
UPDATE REPORT
www.theGEF.org
CHILE´S THIRD
BIENNIAL UPDATE
REPORT
www.theGEF.org
CHILE´S THIRD BIENNIAL UPDATE REPORT
CHILE´S
THIRD BIENNIAL
UPDATE REPORT
www.theGEF.org
To the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
GENERAL COORDINATOR:
Carolina Urmeneta L.
(Ministry of Environment)
TECHNICAL COORDINATOR:
Jenny Mager
(Ministry of Environment)
DESIGN AND LAYOUT:

Agencia Catalejo
ISBN:
978-956-7204-75-5
CHAPTERS’ AUTHORS
Chapter 1. National Circumstances

Chapter coordinator:
Marcela Poulain (Ministry of Environment)
Collaborators:
Gladys Santis, Camila Labarca, Jenny Mager, Rodrigo Cabrera y Richard Martinez (Ministry of Environment)
Chapter 2. National greenhouse gas inventory of Chile 1990-2016

Richard Martínez (Ministry of Environment)
Collaborators:
Camila Labarca, Jenny Mager, Norma Plaza y Priscilla Ulloa (Ministry of Environment)
Paulo Cornejo (Red Latinoamericana de Inventarios Nacionales de Gases de Efecto Invernadero)
Javier Bustos, Rubén Guzmán, Sergio Cáceres (Ministry of Energy)
Angelina Espinoza (ODEPA – Ministry of Agriculture)
Marta Alfaro, Felipe Huiza, Francisco Salazar y Michael Wolff (Institute of Agricultural Research)
Yasna Rojas, Carlos Bahamondez, Rodrigo Sagardía y Bastienne Schlegel (Forestry Institute)
Verónica Oyarzún, Cristián Pérez, Osvaldo Quintanilla, Javier Cano y Fernando Gimeno (National Forestry Corporation)
Chapter 3. Greenhouse gas mitigation policies and actions

Jenny Mager (Ministry of Environment)
Collaborators:
Rodrigo Cabrera, Marcela Poulain, Camila Labarca, Richard Martinez, Priscilla Ulloa, Carmen Gloria Contreras, Francisco
Pinto (Ministry of Environment)
Fiona Bello y Francisco Dall’Orso (Ministry of Energy)
Angelina Espinoza (ODEPA – Ministry of Agriculture)
Angela Reinoso
Chapter 4. Needs and support received in the field of climate change

Felipe Osses (Ministry of Environment)
Collaborators:
Alfonso Galarce, Camila Labarca, Jenny Mager, Rodrigo Cabrera, Richard Martínez, Gladys Santis, Paola Vasconi (Ministry
of Environment)
Eyleen Barrales.
INDEX
Prologue 7
Executive summary 9
I. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 27
1. NATIONAL PROFILE 29 2.1. Environmental Institutions 36

1.1. Physical Context 29 2.2. National Climate Institutions 38
1.2. Environment status 30 2.3. Sectorial institutions 41
1.3. Social Context 31 2.4. Institutional Arrangements for the preparation 42
1.4. Economic profile 33 of reports to the UNFCCC
2.5. Analysis process of the second BUR 43
1.5. General indicators 34
References and bibliography 44
2. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR 36
CLIMATE CHANGE
II. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 47

OF CHILE 1990-2016
1. INTRODUCTION 49 4.7. Manufacture and use of other products (2.G.) 74
1.1. General background 49 5. AGRICULTURE SECTOR (3) 75
1.2. Institutional Arrangements for the preparation 50 5.1. Overview 75
of the Chile’s NGHGI 5.2. Enteric fermentation (3.A.) 75
1.3. Update Process of Chile’s NGHGI 52 5.3. Manure management (3.B.) 76
1.4. Methodology and main sources of information 53
5.4. Rice cultivation (3.C.) 76
1.5. Key categories 55
5.5. Agricultural soils (3.D.) 76
1.6. General assessment of uncertainty 57
5.6. Field burning of agricultural residues (3.F.) 76
1.7. General assessment of completeness 58
5.7. Liming (3.G.) 77
2. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GASES TREND 59 5.8. Urea application (3.H.) 77
2.1. Trends in Aggregated GHG Emissions and Removals 62 6.LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY 78
2.2. Emissions Trends by GHG 64 SECTOR (4)
2.3. Trends in Precursors Emissions and Black Carbon 65 6.1. Overview 78
2.4. GHG Intensity Indicators 66 6.2. Forest land (4.A.) 79
3. ENERGY SECTOR (1) 68 6.3. Cropland (4.B.) 81
3.1. Overview 68 6.4. Grassland (4.C.) 81
3.2. Fuel Combustion Activities (1.A.) 68 6.5. Wetland (4.D.) 81
3.3. Fugitive emissions from fuels (1.B.) 72 6.6. Settlements (4.E.) 81
4. INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT 73 6.7. Other land (4.F.) 81
USE SECTOR (2) 7. WASTE SECTOR (5) 82
4.1. Overview 73 7.1. Overview 82
4.2. Mineral industry (2.A.) 73 7.2. Solid waste disposal (5.A.) 82
4.3. Chemical industry (2.B.) 74 7.3. Biological treatment of solid waste (5.B.) 83
4.4. Metal industry (2.C.) 74 7.4. Incineration and open burning of waste (5.C.) 83
4.5. Non-energy products of fuels and use of 74 7.5. Wastewater treatment and discharge (5.D.) 83
solvents (2.D.)
4.6.Use of products as substitutes for ozone depleting 74
substances (2.F.)
8.RECALCULATIONS 84 8.4. Recalculations in the Agriculture sector 86
8.1. Chile’s NGHGI recalculations 84 8.5. Recalculations in the LULUCF sector 87
8.2. Recalculations in the Energy sector 85 8.6. Recalculations in the Waste sector 88
8.3. Recalculations in the IPPU sector 86 References and bibliography 89
III. GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION POLICIES 95

AND ACTIONS
1. INTRODUCTION 97 5.1. Chile’s NAMA 148
2. INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT: THE PARIS AGREEMENT 98 5.2. Summary of Chilean NAMAs 148
3. CHILE FACED TO MITIGATION 99 6. APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTS AND 152
3.1. Chile´s Voluntary Pledge 20/20 for GHG 100 MECHANISMS OF CARBON PRICING TO ADDRESS
ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIE
emission mitigation
3.2. Chile's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 101 6.1. Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol 152
3.3. International projects of mitigation 103 6.2. Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR) 155
support in Chile 6.3. Green taxes 156
4. ACTIONS AND POLICIES ASSOCIATED TO 106 6.4. Carbon Social Price 156
MITIGATION IN CHILE
7. MEASUREMENT, REPORTING AND VERIFICATION 158
4.1. Mitigation in the National Action Plan on Climate 107 OF MITIGATION ACTIONS
Change 7.1. MRV Chilean Technical Team 158
4.2. Sectorial mitigacion actions 109 7.2. MRV Initiatives under Development 160
4.3. GHG Mitigation efforts at a subnational level 130 7.3. Next Steps 164
4.4. Mitigation initiatives in the private sector 134 References and bibliography 165
5. NATIONALLY APPROPRIATE MITIGATION 148
ACTIONS (NAMAS)
IV. NEEDS AND SUPPORT RECEIVED IN THE FIELD 171

OF CLIMATE CHANGE
1. INTRODUCTION 173 3.1 Support received for activities related to 214
1.1. Definitions 173 climate change
3.2 Domestic support for activities related to 230
1.2. Areas 174
climate change
2. NEEDS FOR CLIMATE ACTION 175 References and bibliography 232
2.1. Needs identified per field 177
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 234
3. SUPPORT FOR CLIMATE ACTION 214
ANNEXES 237
ANNEX 1. METHODS APPLIED IN CHILE’S NGHGI 239 ANNEX 5. INFORMATION ON SECTORIAL 304
1990-2016 SERIES MITIGATION ACTIONS
ANNEX 2. COMPLETENESS SUPPLEMENT 242 ANNEX 6. UPDATE NAMA CARDS 344
ANNEX 3. GHG EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS OF 244 ANNEX 7. WORKSHOPS, COURSES AND SEMINARS 371
CHILE IN THE FORMAT PARTY NOT INCLUDED IN RELATED TO CAPACITY BUILDING AND TECHNICAL
ANNEX I TO THE CONVENTION ASSISTANCE, PERIOD JULY 2016- MARCH 2018
ANNEX 4. GHG EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS 268
FROM CHILE, 1990-2016 SERIES
Santiago, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile
PROLOGUE
Climate change and its effects in Chile has been a permanent concern during the last
years, which transcends governments and has become one of the most significant
environmental issues in the country, as well as in the World. Within the commitments
undertaken by Chile with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change, we present for the third time our Biennial Update Report which accounts for
progress achieved regarding greenhouse gases mitigation.
Chile ratified the Paris Agreement in February, 2017. A key aspect of such Agreement
consists in having an enhanced transparency framework so as to provide a clear view
on the measures adopted to face climate change in the light of the Convention’s
purpose. For this reason, the effort we make as a country at delivering this Third
Biennial Update Report shows our interest in drawing attention to the actions carried
out by the public and private sectors, reflecting the country’s commitment towards a
sustainable, resilient and low-carbon emission development.
This report presents the update of our greenhouse gas national inventory from 1990
to 2016. This inventory is developed under the best standards and information
available per sector. In addition, the biennial report presents the progress in public
policies that are contributing to GHG emissions reduction in the country, as is the case
of the 2050 Energy Policy, the Energy Roadmap, the National Strategy on Climate
Change and Vegetation Resources and the Electro-mobility Strategy, among other.
The report shows, in turn, information on international support the country has received for the development of activities related
to climate change, in addition to an identification of the main needs still existing at the sectors, so that we as a country move
forward in the fulfillment of our commitments.
Having this type of reports is not only positive as regards our country’s transparency, but it also allows us to make timely decisions
and to design public policies based on the best information available, apart from creating an instance of capacity building and
collaboration among the different organizations.
Commitment, collaboration and the excellent job performed by each of the public organizations participating in the preparation
of this report are specially highlighted, as well as the technical and financial support delivered to Chile by the international
cooperation projects.
Our challenges related to climate change are numerous and urgent. President Sebastián Piñera, in his first public statement of
2018, has considered climate change as one of the three main challenges for the country. This report provides us with valuable
information regarding what we have been doing in the country, and how is our greenhouse gas emissions trajectory behaving.
In this respect, we in Chile are working on climate action and also on the Climate Change Framework Law project; in the
development of a Long-Term Climate Strategy and in the review and update of our Nationally Determined Contribution.
All of the above shall provide us with the necessary climate institutions, in order to approach the commitments and challenges of
the future, those allowing us to leave a more sustainable and resilient to climate change country for the future generations.
Carolina Schmidt Zaldívar

Minister of Environment of Chile
Santiago, Chile, November 2018
Chile´s Third Biennial Update Report - Ministry of Environment 7

8 Chile´s Third Biennial Update Report - Ministry of Environment
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES AND

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
1.1. Geographical Profile Chilean population experienced an 2016. From an origin perspective,
important growth during the twentieth increases were observed in most of the
Chile is a tri-continent country which century, but the growth rate slowed in the activities, being personal services and
territory is located at the western first decade of the 21st century and it is trade those with the largest contribution
and southern part of South America, projected to decline even further towards to the GDP outcome; meanwhile, the
between parallels 17° 30' and 56° 2050. The continued development of the main negative effects came from business
30' South latitude. It includes Easter country has improved the quality of life services, construction and mining.
Island, in Oceania, and extends to of its inhabitants. The positive evolution
the South in Antarctica, at an area of the human development index (HDI)1 Table RE1 shows some key indicators
between the meridians 53° and 90° in recent years is a proof of these for Chile, obtained from the information
west longitude and to the South Pole. Its transformations (Undp, 2015). presented in the Third National
maritime territory extends to the North, Communication of Chile to the United
Nations Framework Convention on
from the maritime boundary with Peru 1.2. Economic Profile
to the banks of the Antarctic continent Climate Change (3CN 2016) as updated
in the South. Although it has multiple Chile has an open and stable economy for this report.
climates mainly governed by latitude model, which promotes trade and
and height conditions, temperate climate investment. During 2017, the economic
characteristics are dominant. activity grew by 1.5 % compared to
Table RE1. Key indicators for Chile
INFORMATION SOURCE
Geography and population
Area:
Total surface area (km2) 2,006,096
South American Surface (km ) 2
755,915 The Military Geographic Institute (IGM)
Surface in Oceania (Easter Island) (km2) 181
Use of Land:
Areas of agricultural use (%) 4.2

Native forests (%) 19.4
Forest plantations and mixed forests (%) 4.4 National Forestry Corporation
27.5 (CONAF), 2017
2
Grassland and bushes (%)
Urban and industrial areas (%) 0.6
Areas without vegetation (%) 31.7
Marine protected areas (1,000 ha) 46,323 Ministry of Environment (MMA), 2018
National Register of protected areas
The National System of Protected Wild Areas (SNASPE) www.bdrnap.mma.gob.cl
15,329
(thousand ha)
1
The human development index evaluates the progress of countries considering health (life expectancy), education (average years of schooling
and those expected) and income (gross domestic product per capita).
2
Regarding the surface of South America and Oceania.
10
6 Chile´s Third Biennial Update Report - Ministry
Ministryof
ofEnvironment
Environment
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INFORMATION SOURCE
Population:
Population year 2002 (individuals) 15,116,435

Population year 2017 (individuals) 17,574,003
The National Institute of Statistics (INE),
Male year 2017 (%) 48.9
2017
Female year 2017 (%) 51.1 Census
www.censo2017.cl
Rural population year 2017 (%) 12.5
Indigenous population year 2017 (individuals) 2,185,792
Migrant population year 2017 (individuals) 746,465
Social Development
Life expectancy year 2017 (years) 79.3 The National Institute of Statistics (INE),
Infant mortality year 2015 (per thousand live births) 6.9 2017
Literacy rate year 2013 (%) 96.26 UNESCO

Urban population connected to sewerage system year 2016 (%) 96.83
Superintendence of Sanitary Services
Urban population with potable water supply year 2016 (%) 99.92
(SISS), 2016
Wastewater treated at treatment plants year 2016 (%) 99.93
The United Nations Development
Human Development Index Year 2015 0.847
Program (UNDP), 2016 (Undp, 2016)
Population in extreme poverty year 2015 (%) 3.5
Population living in poverty year 2015 (%) 11.7
MDS, 2016
Rate between richer 10 % and poorer 10 % year 2015 27.2
Gini Coefficient (autonomous) year 2015 0.495
Economic Activity
GDP year 2017 (million USD) 277,075.9

GDP per capita, year 2017 (USD) 15,346.4
Estimated GDP growth as of 2017 (%) 1.5 World Bank, 2018
Trade in Goods year 2016 (% GDP) 47.8
Exports of goods and services year 2017 (% GDP) 28.7
Trade Balance year 2017 (Million USD Fob) 7,922
Mining exports year 2017 (million USD Fob) 37,957 Central Bank of Chile Statistics
Agriculture and Forestry exports year 2017 (million USD Fob) 5,610 www.bcentral.cl
Industrial exports year 2017 (million USD Fob) 25,663
Source: Climate Change Office of the MMA.
Chile´sThird
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.3. Institutional made in its position as a developing the Inter-American Institute for Global
Arrangements for Climate country. The Paris Agreement, adopted in Change (IAI), among other. In addition,
December 2015, was enacted in Chile in the OCC participates in various
Change networks for information exchange,
February 2017 through Supreme Decree
N° 30 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs3. such as the Iberian-American Network
1.3.1. Environmental Institutional of Climate Change Offices (RIOCC),
framework the Regional Cooperation Program
Climate Change Office (OCC) of the
Ministry of Environment between the European Union and
National policies aimed to sustainable
Latin America (EUROCLIMA), the Latin
development are a part of the integral
The Climate Change Office, which American Network of GHG inventories
development strategy of the country.
directly depends from the Environment (REDINGEI), the Scientific Committee for
The Political Constitution guarantees,
Undersecretary was created in 2010. Climate Change of the Pacific Alliance
as a fundamental right, living in an
According to the MMA Resolution N° 278, and the Independent Association of Latin
environment free of contamination, and
of April 2018, the OCC is responsible America and the Caribbean (AILAC).
grants to the Government the duty to
for (a) generating and collecting
safeguard and preserve nature and the Sectorial Institutional framework
technical and scientific information to
environmental heritage (Government of
support the design of policies and plans
Chile, 2002). The consolidation process National public institutions comprise
and programs formulation in the field of
of the Chilean environmental institutions a series of institutions, agencies or
climate change; (b) following up and
has been marked by the creation of the entities that, without belonging to
advising the Ministry on the progress in
Ministry of Environment (MMA), the the MMA, are related to the climate
the implementation of public policy on
Environmental Assessment Service (SEA) change issue. Among the ministries
climate change instruments in the country,
and the Superintendence for Environment that currently have units, departments
among other functions indicated in the
(SMA) in 2010, together with the Council or offices specifically associated to this
above-mentioned resolution. In addition,
of Ministers for Sustainability (CMS). matter those standing out are: Ministry
it acts as: National Designated Authority
of the Clean Development Mechanism of Foreign Affairs (MINREL), Ministry of
1.3.2. National Climate Institutional (NDA), Technical Advisor to the Finance (MINHACIENDA), Ministry of
framework Committee for International Negotiation, Energy (MINENERGIA) and the Ministry
Designated Authority for the Adaptation of Agriculture (MINAGRI). In addition,
Since Chile’s ratification in 1994 of the other outstanding agencies that have
Fund, the Focal Point of the IPCC, Focal
United Nations Framework Convention advanced significantly in the issue of
Point of the Iberian-American Network
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and by climate change inside their institutions
of Climate Change Offices, Focal Point
becoming a part of the Kyoto Protocol in of the EUROCLIMA+ Project, Focal Point include: Ministry of Housing and Urban
2002, it has been actively participating in of NAMA Registry, Focal Point of the Development (MINVU), Ministry of
discussions and international efforts, and Climate and Clean Air for Reduction of Social Development (MDS), the Agency
it has faithfully fulfilled the commitments Short Life pollutants, representative to for Energy Sustainability and CORFO.
Termas de Polloquere, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile
3
Supreme Decree N° 30, 13 February 2017, of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, promulgates the Paris Agreement, adopted at the twenty-first
meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change may be accessed at the link: https://
www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1103158
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS

INVENTORY, 1990-2016
Key points of the Chile NGHGI 1990-2016 Series
• In 2016, the country´s total GHG emissions (excluding LULUCF) amounted to 111,677.5 kt CO2 eq, increasing by 114.7 % compared
to 1990 and by 7.1 % compared to 2013. The main GHG emitted was CO2 (78.7 %), followed by CH4 (12.5 %), N2O (6.0 %), and
fluorinated gases (2.8 %).
• The Energy sector is the largest GHG emitter in the country, accounting for 78.0 % of total emissions in 2016, mainly due to the
consumption of coal and diesel for power generation and consumption of liquid fuels in road transport.
• Land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector is the only sector that consistently removes GHG in the country and remains as
a sink for the entire time series. In 2016, the balance of GHG emissions recorded -65,492.3 kt CO2 eq, mainly due to the increase of
biomass in second-growth native forest and forest plantations.
• The balance between GHG emissions and removals for Chile (including LULUCF) reached 46,185.2 kt CO2 eq.
2.1. Introduction 2.2. Institutional Arrange- • Creation and maintenance of

ments and Preparation of capabilities
This is the Fifth National Greenhouse • Filing and communication
Chile’s NGHGI
Gas Inventory (NGHGI) submitted by
Chile to the United Nations Framework The SNICHILE maintains a work plan
Since 2012, the GHG inventories area,
Convention on Climate Change consisting in a biennial cycle of activities.
located at the Climate Change Office
(UNFCCC) in fulfillment of Article During the first year of the cycle, sectorial
of the Ministry of Environment (OCC of
4, paragraph 1(a) and article 12, GHG inventories (SGHGI) are updated
the MMA) has designed, implemented
paragraph 1(a) of such Convention, by the Sectorial Technical Teams, while in
and maintained the National System
and decision 1 of the Conference of the the second year SGHGIs are compiled,
of Greenhouse Gas Inventories of
Parties N°16 of Cancun. and crossed subjects of Chile’s NGHGI
Chile (SNICHILE). SNICHILE contains
are developed by the Coordinating
the institutional, legal and procedural
The Chilean NGHGI was prepared Technical Team.
arrangements established for the biennial
according to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
update of the Chile’s NGHGI, thus
for National Greenhouse Gas
ensuring sustainability in the preparation
Inventories, and it covers the entire
of GHG inventories in the country, the
national territory and includes emissions
consistency of the GHG flows notified
and removals of carbon dioxide (CO2)
and the quality of the results. The
and methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O),
permanent work of SNICHILE is divided
hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), and sulfur
into five lines of action:
hexafluoride (SF6) in a series of time from
1990 to 2016.
• Operation of the SNICHILE
Central eléctrica, ICP
• Update of Chile’s NGHGI

Estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions and removals refer to 2016, • Quality assurance and quality control
the year of Chile’s last NGHGI. system
Chile´sThird
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The preparation of the current NGHGI the Environment, which have worked in
began during the first half of 2017, coordination within the framework of the
and concluded in mid-2018. The SNICHILE, strengthening the preparation
Energy SGHGI was updated by the of Chile’s NGHGI by adding expert
Division of Foresight and Energy Policy knowledge from the different sectors’
of the Ministry of Energy; the Industrial participating ministries.
processes and product use (IPPU)
SGHGI was updated by the OCC of 2.3. Trends in Greenhouse
the MMA; the Agriculture SGHGI was Gas emissions and removals
updated by the Ministry of Agriculture of Chile
through the Agricultural Research
Institute (INIA), the LULUCF NGHGI was
In 2016, the balance of GHG emissions4
updated by the Ministry of Agriculture
and removals of Chile accounted for
through the Forestry Institute (INFOR)
46,185.2 kt CO2 eq, while total GHG
and the National Forestry Corporation
emissions5 in the country accounted
(CONAF); and the Waste SGHGI was
for 111,677.5 kt CO2 eq, a 114.7 %
updated by the Office of Legislative
increase since 1990, and a 7.1 % since
Implementation and Circular Economy
2013 (Table RE2). The main causes of
in collaboration with the OCC, both of
the MMA. Once the updating process this trend are the Energy and LULUCF
ended, the SGHGIs were compiled by sectors. The values that are outside the
the OCC of the MMA for the preparation trend in the balance (Figure RE1) are
of Chile’s NGHGI and its corresponding mainly a result of forestry fires accounted
Santiago, Zoonar/Barbara Boensch

National GHG Inventory Report, which in the LULUCF sector.
undergoes a review process at national
and international levels.
In conclusion, Chile’s NGHGI is the result

of a collective and permanent effort by
the Ministries of Agriculture, Energy and
Table RE2. Chile’s NGHGI: balance and total GHG emissions (kt CO2 eq) by sector, 1990 - 2016 series
Sector 1990 2000 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016

1. Energy 33,679.7 52,511.9 68,623.5 79,993.7 77,417.0 83,713.4 87,135.6
2. IPPU 3,295.4 6,243.6 5,492.5 6,144.0 6,233.9 6,584.8 6,939.3
3. Agriculture 12,071.4 14,008.7 13,244.1 12,848.4 12,419.1 12,210.6 11,801.6
4. LULUCF -50,061.0 -62,676.4 -71,930.9 -71,887.5 -55,722.4 -44,972.4 -65,492.3
5. Waste 2,969.3 3,822.4 4,502.2 5,318.4 5,403.9 5,734.5 5,801.1
Balance 1,955.0 13,910.3 19,931.4 32,416.9 45,751.5 63,270.9 46,185.2
Total 52,015.9 76,586.7 91,862.3 104,304.3 101,473.9 108,243.3 111,677.5
Source: Coordinating Technical Team of MMA.
4
The term "balance of GHG" refers to the addition of GHG emissions and removals, expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq). This
term includes the LULUCF sector as a whole.
5
In the present report, the term "total GHG emissions" refers only to the addition of the national GHG emissions expressed in carbon dioxide
equivalent (CO2 eq). This term excludes the emission sources and absorption sumps of the LULUCF sector.
14
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Figure RE1. Chile’s NGHGI: balance of GHG (kt CO2 eq) by sector, 1990 - 2016 series
1. Energy 2.IPPU 3. Agriculture 4. LULUCF 5. Waste Balance
Source: Coordinating Technical Team of MMA.
Total GHG emissions were dominated the most important with 41.5 % share, use and finally, 1.9 % of Non-energy
by CO2, which accounted for 78.7 %, followed by a 31.3 % of Transport, products from fuels and solvent use.
followed by CH4 with 12.5 %, and N2O 18.7% of Manufacturing industries and
with 6.0 %. Fluorinated gases collectively construction and finally, 8.5 % from Other The Agriculture sector accounted for
accounted for 2.8 % of GHG total sectors. On the other hand, within the 10.6 % of the total GHG emissions in
emissions for the country as of 2016. Fugitive emissions from fuels category, 2016. In the same year, their emissions
the subcategory Oil and natural gas is reached 11,801.6 kt CO2 eq, a 14.7 %
The Energy sector is the main GHG the one with the greatest relevance, with decrease since 1990 and 11.5 % since
national emitter, with 78.0 % of the 90.8 % followed by Solid fuels with a the 2013, largely due to the low population
total GHG emissions in 2016. In the remaining 9.2 %. of cattle and sheep that has been
same year, GHG emissions in the sector recorded during the last decade. This
accounted for 87,135.6 kt CO2 eq, The IPPU sector accounted for 6.2 % of in spite of the sustained increase in the
which represents an increase of 137.5 % the total GHG emissions in 2016. In the number of pigs and poultry; and the use
from 1990 and of 16.6 % since 2013. In same year, their emissions amounted of nitrogen fertilizers. With regard to the
general, the main cause for this growth to 6,939.3 kt CO2 eq, increasing by categories, 39.7 % of GHG emissions
is the increase in the country's energy 110.6 % since 1990 and 12.9 % since correspond to Enteric Fermentation,
consumption, including the consumption 2013. In general, the main causes are followed by 38.0 % of Agricultural
of coal and natural gas for power the sustained rise in the production of soils, 17.1 % of Manure management,
generation, as well as liquid fuels for iron and steel, lime, nitric acid, cement, 3.0 % to Urea application, 1.1 % to
road transportation, mostly diesel and and the increased use of HFCs for Rice cultivations, 0.7 % to Liming and
gasoline. Regarding the categories, Fuel refrigeration. Regarding categories, 0.3 % corresponding to Field burning of
combustion activities in 2016 accounted 41.4 % of GHG emissions correspond agricultural residues.
for 98.9 % of the sectorial emissions, to Product uses as substitutes for ozone
and the remaining 1.1 % to the category depleting substances, followed by 23.1% The LULUCF sector is the only one that
Fugitive emissions from fuels. Within of Mineral Industry, 19.1 % of Metal consistently absorbs CO2 in the country,
the category Fuel combustion activities, Industry, 10.6 % of Chemical industry, making of it one of the most relevant
the subcategory Energy Industries is 3.9 % of Other product manufacture and sectors given its mitigation potential. In
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2016, the balance of GHG emissions 2.1 % of Cropland, 0.7 % of Other land, waste and finally, 0.01 % of Incineration
in the sector accounted for -65,492.3kt 0.5 % of Settlements and finally, 0.03 % and open burning of waste.
CO2 eq, increasing its sink condition by corresponding to Wetlands.
30.8 % since 1990 and decreasing it In accordance with the requirements
by 8.9 % since 2013. This is due to the The Waste sector accounted for 5.2 % of the UNFCCC and the 2006 IPCC
effect of emissions caused by forest fires, of the total GHG emissions in 2016. In Guidelines, GHG emissions from
since although the increase in biomass the same year, GHG emissions in the fossil fuel consumption in international
and harvest are stable for this period, sector accounted for 5,801.1 kt CO2 eq, aviation and maritime transport, and
the fires in recent years of the series increasing by 95.4 % since 1990 and CO2 emissions from biomass burned for
are greater, causing a less-conducive to 9.1 % since 2013, due to the population energy purposes, were quantified and
absorption balance. This demonstrates increase and their waste generated. reported as memo items, but they were
how forest fires adversely affect GHG Regarding categories, the 74.2 % of excluded from the balance of emissions
balance. With respect to GHG emissions GHG emissions correspond to the Solid and removals of the country.
and removals in absolute terms by waste disposal, followed by a 24.7 %
category, -94.4 % corresponds to Forest of Wastewater treatment and discharge,
land, followed by 2.3 % of Grassland, 1.0 % of Biological treatment of solid
PN Conguillío, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile
16
Ministryof
ofEnvironment
Environment
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3. GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION POLICIES

AND ACTIONS
In relation to the last BUR of 2016, During 2017 the exercise carried out by iii) capacity building, iv) development
progresses in mitigation policies have MAPS Chile to determine BAU emissions and transfer of technologies; and v)
been significant given the greater was updated, this time with updated financing.
sectorial involvement. This has allowed information from the country's inventory,
the development of new public policies in order to have an approximation to the For the mitigation pillar, Chile chose
aimed to support the reduction of GHG progress of the voluntary pledge, finding to present its contribution using the
emissions. In addition, the growing that, in general, since 2007 emissions format of emission intensity (CO2
involvement of the private sector will have been in line with the fulfillment of equivalent tons per unit of gross
enable the implementation of concrete such commitment. domestic product in millions of CLP$ at
actions that will lead the country to 2011). Methodologically, the Land use,
comply with its commitments and Nationally determined contribution land-use change and forestry (LULUCF)
increase its ambition. The announcement sector was separated from the national
of the preparation of a climate change Chile submitted its NDC to the UNFCCC commitment to mitigation due to the high
law and the development of a strategy secretariat in September 2015. The annual variability of their captures and
to 2050 undertake the creation of new country's commitments are divided into emissions, and for being less dependent
management tools allowing the country five pillars: i) mitigation, ii) adaptation, on the economic growth.
to take a sustainable and low-emission
pathway, an effort that will be in line with
the international objectives subscribed in
the Paris Agreement.
3.1. International
Commitments in the field of
Mitigation
Voluntary pledge 2020
The voluntary commitment, officially

communicated to the UNFCCC secretariat
in 2010, argues that "Chile shall conduct
nationally appropriate mitigation actions
to achieve a 20 % deviation below its
business as usual (BAU) emissions rising
trajectory in 2020, projected since
2007". The 2020 voluntary pledge
has led to the development of various
mitigation activities in the country, such
as the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation
Actions (NAMA), whose main objective
is to reduce GHG emissions. In addition,
it has served to identify sectorial actions
that, despite not having a focus on the
reduction of GHG emissions, have also
contributed to the decarbonization of
public policies.
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Chile’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in terms of Mitigation
Carbon Intensity Target:
a) Chile is committed to reduce its CO2 emissions per GDP unit by 30 % below their 2007 levels by 2030, considering a future economic
growth which allows to implement adequate measures to reach this commitment.
b) In addition, and subject to the grant of international monetary funds, the country is committed to reduce its CO2 emissions per GDP unit
by 2030 until it reaches a 35 % to 45 % reduction with respect to the 2007 levels, considering, in turn, a future economic growth which
allows to implement adequate measures to achieve this commitment.
Specific contribution to the LULUCF sector:
a) Chile has committed to the sustainable development and recovery of 100,000 hectares of forest land, mainly native, which will account
for greenhouse gas sequestrations and reductions of an annual equivalent of around 600,000 tons of CO2 as of 2030. This commitment
is subject to the approval of the Native Forest Recovery and Forestry Promotion Law.
b) Chile has agreed to reforest 100,000 hectares, mostly with native species, which shall represent sequestrations of about 900,000
and 1,200,000 annual equivalent tons of CO2 as of 2030. This commitment is conditioned to the extension of Decree Law 701 and the
approval of a new Forestry Promotion Law.
During 2017, the MMA coordinated new National Action Plan on Climate generation of capacities and institutional
a Working Group of the Public Sector Change 2017 - 2022 (PANCC 2017- strengthening on climate change at
focused on discussing the NDC update 2022). The preparation of the National subnational government levels.
(WGPS-NDC) in 2020, as required in the Plan is the result of the collaboration of
Paris Agreement. The ultimate purpose over 20 public institutions6, including 3.3. Sectorial Mitigation
of this group was to develop a shared ministries and services with competences
Actions
diagnosis on which elements should be in the field of climate change, and it
updated, along with identifying possible was coordinated by the Climate Change
Regarding the second BUR submitted
institutional arrangements that contribute Office of the Ministry of Environment. As
in 2016, sectorial policies have made
managing the NDC, and also to propose an articulating instrument of the national
progress to increasingly include climate
guidelines and next steps to move policy on climate change, the PANCC
change as a variable for analysis. Also,
forwards in this matter. 2017 - 2022 integrates the actions to
emitting sectors have begun to design
be carried out by the various public
specific policies that will allow GHG
3.2. Mitigation in the National institutions with jurisdiction on these
matters in the next 5 years. In addition, emission reductions in the mid-term.
Action Plan on Climate Change
the new National Plan emphasizes,
On 19 June 2017, the Council of for the first time, the implementation of
Ministers for Sustainability adopted the measures at a local level, looking for the
6
Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Social Development, Ministry of Agriculture,
Ministry of Economy, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Ministry of
Public Works, Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications, Ministry of Mining, National Office of Emergencies and Secretary for Regional
Development of the Home Office and Public Security, Undersecretary for Fisheries and the Production Development Corporation of the Ministry
of Economy, Oceanography and Hydrography Service of the Chilean Navy and Weather Forecast Directorate in of the Ministry of National
Defense, General Water Directorate of the Ministry of Public Works, National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research of the
Ministry of Education, Chilean Copper Commission of the Mining Ministry, Agency of Sustainability and Climate Change.
18
Ministryof
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Parque Eólico, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

This report includes the progress in on energy efficiency in the various the capture of carbon in forests and fires
actions and policies of various sectors. transportation means. In this context, the prevention to achieve a carbon-neutral
Regarding the Energy sector, regulated Ministries of Energy; Transportation and agriculture and forestry sector.
and governed by the Ministry of Energy, Communications and of the Environment
at the end of 2015 it published the developed an Electro-mobility Strategy for In the Waste sector, most of GHG emissions
Chile’s Energy Policy, developed through Chile, in order to systematize efforts and in Chile are generated by municipal solid
a participatory process called Energy articulate the various relevant actors to waste, whose management is delivered
2050, which outlines a vision of the promote the introduction of technologies to municipalities through the Organic
energy sector as reliable, sustainable, with greater energy efficiency in the Constitutional Law on Municipalities and
inclusive and competitive. In addition, country’s vehicles market. is regulated by the Sanitary Code. The
during 2018 the 2018 - 2022 Energy MMA is responsible for the design and
Road Map was developed. This Energy The Agriculture, forestry and other land implementation of policies, plans and
Pathway seeks to prioritize work during use (AFOLU) sector is the only one that programs on environmental matters,
the next four years on the energy sector, presents GHG emissions and removals including waste management programs.
around 7 pillars. Framed by these two of CO2, which is why its mitigation With regard to progress on regulatory
instruments of governance, one with a potential is relevant. Carbon sinks are matters, in May 2016, Law N° 20,920
short-term look and the other with a long- mainly from second-growth natural was enacted, which establishes a
term vision, various initiatives are being forest; from regeneration of managed framework for Waste Management, the
carried out that aim to the reduction of native forest, and from mostly exotic Extended Producer Responsibility and
GHG emissions, as well as to adaptation forest plantations. As a key instrument Recycling Promotion, whose purpose
to climate change in the energy sector. to achieve the goal contained in the is to reduce waste generation and to
NDC, the National Forestry Corporation promote reuse, recycling, or valuation,
As regards the Transportation (CONAF) is implementing the National in order to protect people’s lives and the
sector, the Ministry of Transportation Strategy on Climate Change and Plant environment. At the international level,
and Communications makes its Resources (ENCCRV). This strategy aims during the COP22 in November 2016,
contribution through its Transportation to reduce the social, environmental the Minister of the Environment and
Undersecretary, the public institution and economic vulnerability generated Climate Change of Canada undertook
responsible for generating policies, by climate change in addition to GHG to reduce the pollutants that damage
standards and conditions for the mitigation. Among the challenges of the the climate in Canada and around the
development of transport systems. In sector is, to move forward in the research world, and to contribute with USD10.7
accordance with the National Energy to bring down the GHG emissions curve million to reduce Short-Lived Climate
Policy, its strategic guideline N° 34 sets in the agriculture sector, working in Pollutants through bilateral alliances with
the improvement of energy efficiency in good practices on nitrogen fertilization, Chile and Mexico.
vehicles and their operation, and sets as livestock management practices or soil
a goal in 2050 for Chile having adopted carbon sequestration, to name a few
the highest international standards and analyzing forest policies leading to
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Regard to the Building, urbanization to promote integration of sustainable clean production agreements and the
and public infrastructure sector, the development concept in the building systems of recognition of the Footprint
entities responsible for public policies area in Chile. Chile Program (HuellaChile) should be
associated to mitigation and adaptation highlighted.
to climate change are the Ministry of In addition to the actions and policies
Public Works (MOP) and the Ministry of implemented and carried out by the 3.4. Nationally Appropriate
Housing and Urban planning (MINVU). different sectors, there is a growing interest
Within the instruments that have an from local governments to generate and
Mitigation Actions
impact on mitigation, the National maintain actions that identified with the
With the opening of the prototype for
Urban Development Policy stands out, realities of each of the localities they
the NAMA registration and subsequent
which states that is key to move towards represent. Progress is highlighted by the
official recording (NAMA Registry),
a sustainable urban development which Municipal Environmental Certification
Chile was able to complete the task and
considers both sustainable construction System (SCAM) and the regional efforts
in October 2012 it was the first country
in the city as well as the efficient developed through international and
in the world to register a NAMA with the
management of energy and handling of domestic funds such as the Environmental
UNFCCC. However, despite the initial
natural resources and waste which, as a Protection Fund.
enthusiasm for the instrument, it has not
consequence, will result in a reduction of
been possible to increase the interest
GHG emissions generation. In addition, Regarding the private sector, it engages
of project developers with a mitigation
in 2016 the MOP updated its Policy of each year with greater strength in
potential. In Chile, six sectorial NAMAS
Environmental Sustainability, and also initiatives related to the reduction of
are identified, with different levels of
developed a Plan for Adaptation and GHG emissions in the country. In this
maturity and information availability. All
Mitigation of Infrastructure Services line, one of the first steps carried out
of them are registered with the NAMA
to Climate Change 2017 - 2022. In by private organizations is to know
Registry of the UNFCCC.
the same line, the MINVU, through their sources and emission levels, which
the National Strategy for Sustainable may help them at the decision-making
Construction sets the main guidelines process. The achievements through the
Parque Karukinka, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile
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Ministryof
ofEnvironment
Environment
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Table RE3. Chile’s NAMA
Name Gas and Sector Period Estimated GHG State

reduction
Self-supply renewable energies in Chile Energy 2015-

1,5
. MtCO2eq Under implementation
(SSREs) CO2 2022
Transport and Under implementation

2014-
Green Zone for Transport in Santiago Infrastructure 1,43
. MtCO2eq and development of MRV
2022
CO2 system
Design and Implementation of Strategy on UTCUTS 2013- 42 MtCO2eq Under implementation
Climate Change and Plant Resources CO2 2025
Clean Production Agreements (APL) in Chile Transversal 2012- 18,4

. MtCO2eq Under implementation
2020
Energy recovery from industrial waste Energy, Waste To be Transversal Suspended

program (former National Program for In- defined
dustrial and Commercial Catalyzation and CO2, CH4
Organic Waste Management in Chile)
Carbon sequestration through sustainable Agriculture, To be 65 to 80 Under design, seeking

land management Forestry/ defined MtCO2eq support for implementation
AFOLU
CO2
3.5. Application of Board, 7 (4 %) are under validation 3.6. Measurement, reporting

Instruments and Mechanisms phase, 56 (34 %) have been rejected and verification of mitigation
and 1 (1 %) was voluntarily withdrawn
of Carbon Price to address by its proponents.
actions
Environmental Externalities
As from January 1, 2017 the first green The objective of making MRV in Chile
While the world continues to explore taxes regime (or pigouvian) was enact- is to promote transparency of GHG
global GHG mitigation efforts posted in the country. The main objectives mitigation activities implemented in
2012, countries such as Chile are of this instrument are to support and the country through mechanisms that
searching new and profitable ways complement efforts to decrease the local allow monitoring compliance with its
to intensify emission reductions and air pollution - the main environmental objectives. Although Chile reported the
encourage financial flows, including problem in Chile- as well as mitigating implementation of mitigation actions to
market-based instruments. Chile has greenhouse gases in a cost-efficient man- the international community through the
already used market instruments for the ner. On April 30, 2018 the first year of BUR and their national communications,
management of natural resources, mainly operation of the green tax ended. A total as requested by the UNFCCC, to possess
in water rights, fishing and air quality. of 94 affected establishments, including MRV systems of individual actions is key
303 sources (boilers and turbines), re- to evaluate the effectiveness of such
With respect to CDM, from 2003 to ported their emissions and paid their tax. actions.
date, Chile’s DNA has granted National The total amounted to USD 191.3 MM.
Approval Letter to 153 projects, 102 The CO2 tax explains the major portion
of which (61 %) have been successfully of the total (88 %).
registered with the CDM Executive
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In this sense, since 2011 Chile has been generated through the implementation in Chile and preliminarily design the
working on independent MRV systems of mitigation actions be measured, contents of a possible platform for
that have served as management tools reported and verified. While developed centralized MRV.
for NAMA, in addition to creating for NAMAs, this framework can be used
capacities in this area through the for any type of action that generates In addition, other agencies stand out that
international support of various projects, mitigation of GHG emissions. Also, have made significant progress in the
for example, to the preparation in 2014 during 2016, the Department of Climate issue of monitoring, reporting and veri-
of the document "Guidelines for a Change of the MMA, through the project fication within their institutions, such as
generic framework of MRV for NAMAs", Low Emission Capacity Building (LECB) the Ministry of Energy and the Ministry
which explains how can the impacts on developed a study to define basic of Agriculture, through the National For-
GHG emissions and other co-impacts accounting rules for mitigation actions estry Corporation (CONAF).
Viña Antiyal, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile
22
Ministryof
ofEnvironment
Environment
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4. NEEDS AND SUPPORT RECEIVED IN

THE FIELD OF CLIMATE CHANGE
4.1. Methodology and approved in the reporting period (ii) on Climate Change (ETICC) and 15
Analysis Period workshop with these public institutions Regional Committees on Climate Change
for participatory identification of needs, (CORECC). However, there is still a need
barriers, opportunities, etc., and (iii) to develop and strengthen the institutional
For the development of the present
bilateral meetings to validate and/ framework through regulations that
chapter, the UNFCCC reporting
or complete the previously gathered support its construction beyond the
guidelines have been applied as
information. sectorial intentions; in addition, financial
methodological framework for the
needs are detected, ranging from access
presentation of the biennial update
The information presented covers the to international funds to the capacity to
reports from Parties not included in
period immediately following the data receive financial resources, in particular
annex I to the Convention (Annex III,
gathering phase from the Second BUR in the public sector.
Decision 2/CP177 ), which specifies that
(from July 2016 until March 2018).
those countries, which includes Chile,
Reporting
shall provide updated information on
needs and support received for climate
4.2. Needs for climate action
action. Although Chile has developed and
In recent years institutions have submitted their national reports on
The analysis of support and needs was developed and capacity has been a regular basis, responding to the
made for the three following areas: generated on climate change issues delivery time committed to the UNFCCC,
(1) financial resources, (2) capacity in Chile. However, needs, gaps and the challenge of the installation of
building and technical assistance, and barriers can still be identified, which permanent capacities for the generation
(3) technology transfer. In turn, these hamper the development of a more of reports subsists, which necessarily
areas were subdivided into five areas of effective climate action. The major requires specific budgets to support the
analysis: report, mitigation, adaptation, crossed needs relate to the generation reporting activity with due continuity.
national inventory of climate change of an adequate institutional system to Compared to the work of the Second
and international negotiation, while facilitate the development of actions BUR, for this Third Report the sectorial
maintaining the same structure of the First on climate change in the country, and teams are more familiar with the
and Second BUR. a financing strategy consistent with the requirements of information requested
requirements that are generated during by the Ministry of Environment (which
To gather the information the process the process. works as the compiling entity), however
was divided into three stages: (i) sending it is still necessary to move forward in
a formal survey to public institutions that With the adoption of the National Plan the information systematization so that
make up the Inter-Ministerial Technical for Adaptation to Climate Change in it is possible to count on it in a timely
Team on Climate Change (ETICC) December 2014, an operational structure manner, and that this information also
requesting (a) information regarding was proposed that has served as the serves for the internal management of
needs, gaps and barriers identified in their basis for strengthening the institutional each agency.
sector for the development of the climate framework of climate change in recent
change agenda and (b) information years. This structure is composed of
on initiatives with international support an Inter - Ministerial Technical Team
7
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/spa/09a01s.pdf
Chile´sThird
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Mitigation perform measurements (carbon content in and impacts of climate change; (3)
fossil fuels, soil carbon, GHG emissions Incorporating climate change to the
The generation of information on from soils, firewood and animals, among design of public policies and investment
mitigation actions has progressed others) is currently not available. decisions, considering funding for the
through time and also the experience implementation of actions, so as to meet
gained by the preparation of the national Adaptation the challenges of medium and long term.
reports. With respect to the previous
reporting period, Chile maintains During the period covered by this report, International Negotiation
the need to strengthen its information the following advances have been made
management system, which would allow with respect to adaptation policies In the area of negotiation and
the systematization and management, in involved in the National Plan for Climate international climate agenda, the main
a transparent manner, of the information Change Adaptation PNA (2014): need continues to be enhancing the
associated with the mitigation efforts in sector plans reported in the second BUR current negotiating team in the country,
the country. Between 2018 and 2020 (Agriculture and Forestry; Biodiversity; along with establishing permanent
Chile will perform a set of activities Fisheries and Aquaculture and Health), teams in the relevant sectorial ministries,
under the CBIT initiative to improve its in addition to the adoption, in 2017, with adequate financial and technical
reporting capabilities within the context of the Adaptation and Mitigation Plan capacity for the preparation, follow-up
of the Paris Agreement and of the newly of Infrastructure Services to Climate and transfer of international issues to a
established requirements under the Change and in 2018, Climate Change domestic level.
Enhanced Transparency Framework. It adaptation plans for Chilean cities and
for the Energy Sector. In addition, during Private Sector
is important to emphasize the need to
strengthen inter-sectorial coordination 2018 has started the development of the
plans for the sectors of Water Resources The private sector maintains a relevant
and institutional strengthening, both to
and Tourism, thus complementing the role in both investment and the
perform actions and to evaluate and
adaptation plans for the 9 areas defined implementation of innovative measures
project the progress of compliance with
as priorities by Chile in the PANCC. for mitigation and adaptation to climate
domestic and international goals.
Also, the first steps have been taken to change. Private sector respondents
National Greenhouse Gas Inventory update the Agriculture and Forestry and expressed willingness to deepen
biodiversity adaptation plans, which instances of public - private work as a
Chile has made efforts to ensure the are close to completion of their first mechanism to mobilize resources and
operation and continuous improvement implementation cycle, and that should respond to interests of both sectors.
of its National GHG Inventories System initiate a second cycle, as committed in The current NDC helps to understand
(SNICHILE). It permanently maintains the Chile’s NDC. the vision of the medium-term, however
a line of work at the Ministries of for the private sector it would be useful
Agriculture, Energy and the Environment, In general terms, the needs for adaptation to have more information on sectorial
where staff has been appointed and to climate change are summarized implementation and climate planning in
technical and financial resources have in three areas: (1) Strengthening the the long run. The sector sees potential
been granted for the regular update of mechanisms of coordination between for development and technology transfer,
the inventory. In spite of the progress, the different sectorial ministries involved, but poses the need to establish the
there is a need to ensure the permanent and to endow them with trained and appropriate mechanism to facilitate this
recruitment of specialists on the basis of permanent professionals, both at result.
local budget. We identify the need to national and regional levels; (2) Better
strengthen technical capacities for the climate and territorial information for
development of specific country emission adaptation, including research on
factors. The appropriate technology to climate variables, interrelationships
24
Ministryof
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Environment
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Needs identified in the process of analy- this report, the OECD database for Domestic support for climate change
sis and international consultation Official Development Assistance (ODA) related activities
contains information about flows for
During 2017 the Second BUR of Chile climate action updated to the 2016. In the context of the work to develop
was subject to the process of interna- However, this report includes information a strategy for climate financing
tional consultation and analysis (ICA), as from July 2016, so it is likely that it (commitment of its NDC), the Chilean
which main objective is to help countries includes information that does not Government is implementing measures
No-Annex I to identify their needs in ca- correspond to the period of analysis. In to define and assess domestic resources
pacity building. The final report of the addition, as of 2017 Chile no longer intended for actions related to climate
process was published by the UNFCCC8 qualifies as a beneficiary country of change.
on December 4, 2017. In this section ODA.
of the BUR appears the summary of the According to Chile’s NDC, specifically
identified needs and its states at the time Regarding the area of capacity building to the pillar of Capacity Building and
of elaboration of this Third BUR. and technical assistance, the scope of Strengthening, Chile undertook to work
the support received is broad, covering in cooperation with other countries, to
4.3. Support for Climate projects, workshops, studies and expert develop and strengthen the capabilities
Action visits to and from abroad. After the of nations that so require. The above
COP 21 in 2015, the focus of programs through coaching and trainings based
Below the information on support and international initiatives has been to on the information and knowledge
received (international) and delivered facilitate the successful implementation acquired in the preparation of national
(national) for activities related to climate of the Paris Agreement. Access to this communications, greenhouse gas
change is presented. type of support and activities has been inventories and biennial update
fundamental to the development of reports, among others. In addition,
Support received for activities related to capabilities and instruments to facilitate Chile maintains bilateral cooperation
climate change climate public policy. The progress made programs that address different areas of
regarding GHG inventories, reporting work, including climate change. Among
During the reporting period (July 2016 and transparency capabilities and them stands out the Joint Cooperation
to March 2018), donor countries and planning of mitigation and adaptation Fund Chile-Mexico, managed in Chile by
institutions have approved to Chile actions stands out. the International Agency for International
a total of USD 40,207,701 to carry Cooperation for Development (AGCID).
out activities of the national climate It is important to note that, given the
agenda. Bilateral contributions represent global nature of these initiatives and
approximately 28 % of the financial their way of functioning, in most cases no
resources approved in the period. information is available on the specific
Resources channeled through “Financial amounts intended to finance the activities
Institutions and Multilateral Initiatives" Chile is participating in.
are equivalent to a 72 %.
With regard to technology transfer, a
Campos de hielo, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile

In this third Biennial Update Report it has set of projects has been identified that
been chosen not to include information promotes technological development
about financial resources channeled to in geothermal energy and emissions
private sector projects because it was reduction in industrial processes,
not possible to compile robust data on including waste. Components of
this type of projects and resources. technological transfer in adaptation
There is limited information available, projects of the agricultural sector have
in addition to different definitions and also been identified.
methodologies. At the time of preparing
8
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Antofagasta, Claudio Badilla
I.
NATIONAL
CIRCUMSTANCES
1. NATIONAL PROFILE
1.1 Physical Context Chile is a unitary republic whose Chile has a variety of climates
political-administrative framework is determining mainly by its latitude and
Territory and Administrative Division based on three territorial government height, which originate four macro
levels: administrative regions, provinces bio-climates: tropical, Mediterranean,
Chile is a tri-continental country, whose and districts1. temperate and anti-boreal, with 127
territory lies on the western and southern terrestrial ecosystems are distributed,
part of South America, between 17° 30' Geography and morphology and 96 marine ecosystems along the
and 56° 30' south latitude, reaching up Chilean coast.
to Easter Island in Oceania and extends The topography of the country is mainly
to the south at Antarctica, in an area determined by the following three Land use
between the meridians 53° and 90° morphological units: the Andes mountain
west longitude until the South Pole. The range to the east; the Coastal mountain Most part of the territory corresponds
country has a total area of 2,006,096 range to the west; and the Intermediate to areas without vegetation (31.7 %),
km2, without considering its territorial Depression located between these two grassland and natural bushes (27.5 %)
sea, the exclusive economic zone and mountains. There are also other smaller and native forest (19.4 %); urban and
the continental shelf, and it is distributed scale areas such as the Coastal Plains, industrial areas represent only 0.6 %
in 755,915 km2 that corresponds to the Altiplano and the Magellanic Steppe. of the total surface area, but showing
South America, 1,250,000 km2 to These geological variety shapes become a sustained upward trend (CONAF,
Antarctica and 181 km2 to Oceania, a very rugged terrain where the flat 2017). The Table 1 presents the land use
according to the mapping records made terrains do not exceed 20 % of the change.
by the Military Geographic Institute continental territory.
(IGM) in 2005. Also, Juan Fernández
archipelago, the Islands Salas y Gómez,
San Felix and San Ambrosio are part of
the national territory.
The Chilean maritime territory extends

from the maritime border with Peru in
the north until the Antarctic continental
shores in the south, excepting the offshore
area along the Drake Passage between
Cape Horn and the Antarctic Peninsula
(Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, 2010).
1
The Constitution of the Republic of Chile points out in his article 110 that "For the internal governance and administration of the State, the
territory of the Republic is divided into regions and these into provinces. For the purposes of the local administration, the provinces are
divided into districts. The creation, abolition and designation of regions, provinces and districts; the modification of their limits, as well as the
appointment of the regions and provinces capitals, will be subject of the Organic Constitutional Law" and of exclusive initiative by the President
of the Republic.

Table 1. Land use change, disaggregated by type according to the CONAF
Land use 1990 2000 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016
Forest Land 17,902,864 18,801,801 19,388,946 19,544,709 19,596,630 19,648,551 19,700,472
Native Forest 16,233,959 16,181,672 16,241,849 16,266,573 16,274,814 16,283,055 16,291,296
Mixed Forest 127,938 163,371 169,838 169,210 169,001 168,792 168,583
Plantations 1,540,968 2,456,758 2,977,259 3,108,926 3,152,815 3,196,704 3,240,593
Cropland 3,750,485 3,396,772 3,213,739 3,170,459 3,156,032 3,141,606 3,127,179
Grassland 18,622,715 17,969,037 17,482,413 17,346,384 17,301,042 17,255,699 17,210,356
Wetland 4,918,863 4,948,188 4,951,155 4,951,189 4,951,201 4,951,212 4,951,224
Settlements 165,765 279,459 369,113 394,957 403,572 412,187 420,802
Other Land 28,916,341 28,881,776 28,871,668 28,869,334 28,868,556 28,867,778 28,867,001
Total 74,277,034 74,277,034 74,277,034 74,277,034 74,277,034 74,277,034 74,277,034
1.2. Environment status per person for 2017, that is 396 kg per considerable increase of temperature,
person of waste generation annually. For particularly in the daily maximum.
Regarding the air quality according this reason, the Government promoted According to the Meteorological
to the Third Report of the Environment Law N° 20,920 Framework for Waste Directorate of Chile (DMC), during
Status (MMA, 2017) this topic Management, Extended Producer 2017, there were thirty records, in
remains as one of the priorities in the Responsibility and Recycling Promotion, absolute terms and monthly and annual
environmental management. Most of known as the REP Law under the principle averages. As a result of this rise, there
the national territory is affected by air of “polluter pays”. has been an increase in the frequency
pollution, by which various actions and the intensity of heat waves, with
are being implemented that including On the other hand, Chile has water more than 50 consecutive ones between
9 decontamination plans in force, shortage problems. Between 2008 2015 and 2016, and between 2016
others in elaboration process set by the and 2017, the General Directorate of and 2017 (Dirección Meteorológica de
Decontamination Strategy, and the work Water (DGA), declared 82 areas with Chile, 2018).
with the communities in order to improve water shortage between the regions
the household energy efficiency. In this of Atacama and Aysén, mainly in the Based on DMC data, it could be said
matter, as shown by various statistics regions of Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Maule that even though in most areas of the
at a national level, the combustion of and the Metropolitan Region. In addition, country there is a trend to a decrease
firewood remains the main emitter of in 2008 the Ministry of Agriculture in rainfall during the period 1961-
PM2.5 for 2015, while mobile sources, informed that the most geographically 2016, it can be noted that its intensity
thermal power plants and other industrial extensive drought was reported, shows a great variation. The extreme
processes are mainly responsible for declaring an agricultural emergency for rainfall events tend to be more prevalent
emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOX). 225 districts across the country which in regions of scarce rainfall, such as
Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) are has continued as a "Mega-drought". Antofagasta, Atacama and Coquimbo
led by copper smelters and thermal This means that the drought at a national regions, which it is important to highlight
power plants, due to the sulfur content level affects 72 % of the country's land given the occurrence of mass movements
of the raw materials processed in both in different categories (mild, moderate, and floods, such as those that happened
industrial activities. severe), corresponding approximately in May and January 2017. However,
to 55 million hectares. The affected the central area of the country continues
In relation to waste, also according to the population is 16 million inhabitants with a deficit in the total annual rainfall,
Third Report of the Environment Status (90 %) (Ministerio de Agricultura, 2016). ending the year of 2017 with a 17 %
(MMA, 2017), it remains as a significant less rainfall in average, extending to
problem and if the economic growth Regarding the climate, although there 9 consecutive years with deficit. In the
continues that will be worse. Chile shows are differences according to the country’s south-austral area of the country, during
an average daily rate of 1.1 kg of waste areas, at the aggregate level there is a 2017, the annual rainfall was in the

normal ranges (Dirección Meteorológica Biodiversity Plan for 2011-2020 and the century, but the growth rate slowed in
de Chile, 2018). Aichi Goals". In 2017, it was found that the first decade of the 21st century, and
the vegetation formations with greater it is projected to further decline toward
In the summer of 2017, the south-central protection percentage in the National 2050.
zone of the country was affected by a System of Protected Areas correspond
mega-fire that covered over 500,000 to the evergreen thicket and peatland, Through the years, the population
hectares, known as "Storm Of Fire" mainly through the creation of national has aged, which can be observed
because of the intensity of the line of fire parks and forest reserves. in changes in the distribution of age
exceeding 60,000 kW/m, thus defining groups: there is a decrease in the
a new range in the measurement of fire number of people between 0-14 years
scale (CONAF, 2017). 1.3. Social Context
and an increase in the number of
people 65 years old or elder. This is
Regarding biodiversity, the National Population
also reflected in the dependency ratio,
Biodiversity Strategy in force suggested
According to the last census of 2017, the because while dependence of older
to protect 10% of the surface of the
Chilean total population is 17,574,003 adults has increased, that of children has
most relevant ecosystems in the country,
inhabitants, 48.9 % of which are men decreased (Table 2 and Figure 1) (INE,
reaching this goal in a number of
and 51.1 % women (INE, 2017). The 2017).
terrestrial ecosystems described at a
national level. This strategy is being Chilean population experienced an
updated in line with the "Strategic important growth during the 20th
Table 2. Population Indicators of Chile, disaggregated per age group, based on the Population Census 2017, INE
POPULATION 1992 CENSUS 2002 CENSUS 2017 CENSUS
Total population 13,348,401 15,116,435 17,574,003
Population 0-14 years 29.4% 25.7% 20.1%
Population 15-64 years 64.0% 66.2% 68.5%
Population 65 years or elder 6.6% 8.1% 11.4%
Urban population percentage 83.5% 86.6% 87.8%
Elderly/children ratio 22.3% 31.3% 56.9%
Source: INE, Census 2017.
Pueblo de San Pedro de Atacama, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile

Figure 1. Evolution of the population in Chile according to age group
Prepared by MMA. Data source: (INE, 2017)
Social Development the country is 30 times higher than the dimensions of well-being: education,
10 % poorest population and shows health, labor and social security, housing
Although Chile presents a positive a Gini3 coefficient of 0.502, according and environment, along with networks
evolution of the Human Development to autonomous income (MDS, 2017). and social cohesion. According to this
Index (HDI)2 with a growth of 30 % survey in 2017, poverty by income
from 1980 to 2014 (0.64 to 0.83) The Ministry of Social Development and multidimensional were 8.6 % and
(UNDP, 2015) inequality remains (MDS) based on data from the CASEN 20.7 % respectively. Between 2006 and
one of the biggest challenges of the survey, estimates poverty both by 20154 there was a significant reduction
country, considering that the income income and multidimensional poverty. of poverty (Figure 2).
of 10 % of the richest population of The latter includes the following relevant
Pueblo de Timar, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile
2
The Human Development Index evaluates the progress of countries considering health (life expectancy), education (average years of schooling
and those expected) and income (gross national income per capita).
3
Index of inequality that shows the distance between the distribution of income with respect to a situation of perfect equality, which value is
within the range (0.1). 0 corresponds to perfect equality.
4
The series of data on poverty by income (estimated through the new measurement methodology) is available for years 2006, 2009, 2011,
2013 and 2015.

Figure 2. Evolution of poverty in Chile
Prepared by MMA. Data source: (MDS, 2017)
Education with the environment and social activity grew by 1.5 % compared to
responsibility, which it is approved for all 2016. There were increases in most of
Regarding climate change contents in levels except for the last years of high the activities, being services and trade
the curricula of primary and secondary school which is in revision process. the largest contribution to the GDP;
education, these are addressed through meanwhile, the main negative effects
a Crosswise Learning Objective (OAT 1.4. Economic profile came from business services, construction
16. Protecting the natural environment and mining. More details of the GDP
and its resources as a context of human Chile has an open and stable economic from 2013 to 2017 are presented in
development), which from a social- model, which promotes trade and Table 3.
cultural dimension raises the commitment investment. During 2017, the economic
Table 3. Gross domestic product by type of economic activity, at current prices, reference 2013 (Billions of Chilean pesos)
SERIES DESCRIPTION 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Agriculture-forestry 4,031 4,543 5,202 5,854 5,598

Fishing 631 1,295 800 960 1,296
Mining 15,144 16,214 13,689 13,661 18,135
Copper mining 13,466 14,743 12,494 12,042 16,220
Other mining activities 1,677 1,471 1,195 1,619 1,915
Manufacturing Industry 15,326 16,547 18,455 18,316 18,372
Food 3,993 4,421 4,902 5,245 5,534
Beverages and tobacco 2,039 2,166 2,768 2,542 2,594
Textiles, clothing, leather and footwear 377 362 342 350 306
Wood and Furniture 792 1,041 1,145 1,113 1,062
Pulp, paper and printing presses. 1,214 1,461 1,685 1,552 1,703
Oil Refining 1,153 1,464 1,729 1,691 1,612

SERIES DESCRIPTION 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Chemical, rubber and plastic products 2,202 2,227 2,328 2,141 1,951
Non-metallic minerals and base metals 897 855 840 825 684
Metallic products, machinery and equipment, and other 2,658 2,552 2,716 2,858 2,926
Electricity, gas, water and waste management 3,544 3,673 4,719 5,479 5,633
Construction 8,995 9,413 10,498 11,511 11,713
Trade 12,516 13,777 14,730 15,993 16,497
Restaurants and hotels 2,552 2,832 3,219 3,546 3,825
Transportation 6,500 6,974 8,586 9,074 9,152
Communications and Information services 4,309 4,424 4,612 4,751 4,747
Financial services 6,898 6,961 7,495 7,719 8,129
Business services 14,728 15,542 16,535 16,992 17,406
Housing and real estate services 9,805 10,710 12,024 13,240 14,025
Personal Services 15,022 16,194 17,674 19,612 21,322
Public administration 6,188 6,837 7,498 8,137 8,433
GDP at factor cost 126,187 135,938 145,737 154,846 164,281
Value added tax 11,041 11,967 13,120 13,722 14,705
Import duties 648 718 749 696 791
Gross Domestic Product 137,876 148,624 159,606 169,264 179,776
Source: Central Bank of Chile, 2018
1.5. General indicators indicators for Chile obtained from the United Nations Framework Convention
information presented in the Chile’s on Climate Change (3CN 2016) and
In synthesis, Table 4 presents some key Third National Communication to the updated for this report.
Table 4. Key indicators for Chile
INFORMATION SOURCE
Geography and population
Area:
Total surface area (km2) 2,006,096
South American surface area (km ) 2
755,915 The Military Geographic Institute (IGM)
Surface in Oceania (Easter Island) (km )2
181
Land uses:
Areas of agricultural use (%) 4.2

Native forest (%) 19.4
Forest plantations and mixed forests (%) 4.4 National Forestry Corporation
27.5 (CONAF), 2017
5
Grassland and bushes (%)
Urban and industrial areas (%) 0.6
Areas without vegetation (%) 31.7
5
With respect to the area of South America and Oceania.

INFORMATION SOURCE
Marine protected areas (1,000 ha) 46,323 Ministry of Environment (MMA), 2018
National Register of protected areas
The National System of Protected Wild Areas (SNASPE) www.bdrnap.mma.gob.cl
15,329
(thousand ha)
Population:
Population year 2002 (persons) 15,116,435

Population year 2017 (persons) 17,574,003
The National Institute of Statistics (INE),
Male year 2017 (%) 48.9
2017 Census
Female year 2017 (%) 51.1 www.census1520.cl
Rural population year 2017 (%) 12.5
Indigenous population year 2017 (persons) 2,185,792
Migrant population year 2017 (persons) 746,465
Social development
Life expectancy year 2017 (years) 79.3 The National Institute of Statistics (INE),
Infant mortality year 2015 (per thousand live births) 6.9 2017
Literacy rate year 2013 (%) 96.26 UNESCO

Urban population connected to sewerage systems year 2016 (%) 96.83
Superintendence of Sanitary Services
Urban population with potable water year 2016 (%) 99.92
(SISS), 2016
Wastewater treated at treatment plants year 2016 (%) 99.93
The United Nations Development
Human Development Index Year 2015 0.847
Program (UNDP), 2016 (Undp, 2016)
Population in extreme poverty year 2015 (%) 3.5
Population living in poverty year 2015 (%) 11.7
MDS, 2016
Rate between richer %10 and poorer %10 year 2015 27.2
Gini Coefficient (autonomous) year 2015 0.495
Economic Activity
GDP year 2017 (million USD) 277,075.9

GDP per capita, year 2017 (USD) 15,346.4
Estimated GDP growth as of 2017 (%) 1.5 World Bank, 2018
Trade in Goods year 2016 (% GDP) 47.8
Exports of goods and services year 2017 (% GDP) 28.7
Trade Balance year 2017 (million USD Fob) 7,922
Mining exports year 2017 (million USD Fob) 37,957 Central Bank of Chile Statistics
www.bcentral.cl
Agriculture and Forestry exports year 2017 (million USD Fob) 5,610
Industrial exports year 2017 (million USD Fob) 25,663
Source: Climate Change Office of the MMA

2. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
Below is presented the existing institutional free environment assigning to the State Assessment System (SEIA) started as an
framework. The intention is promoting the liabilities on protecting and preserving environmental management instrument.
coordination and collaboration between the nature and the environmental On January 2010, Law N° 20,417
different levels of decision-making, heritage (Gobierno de Chile, 2002). created the Ministry of Environment
including different partners, actors and On March 1994, Law N° 19,300 of (MMA), the Environmental Assessment
sectors, in environment matters focused General Bases of the Environment was Service (SEA) and the Superintendence
on climate change. enacted, laying down the bases for the of the Environment (SMA). On the
environmental institutional framework other hand, Law N°20,600 of 2012
and creating the National Environment created the Environmental Courts. A
2.1. Environmental Institutions Commission (CONAMA), the first brief overview of the national institution
Chilean environmental agency and framework related to environmental
The Constitution of Chile guarantees, as supervising compliance in the matter. On issues and climate change is summarized
a fundamental right, to live in a pollution April 1997, the Environmental Impact in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Organization chart of the Chilean environmental institutional framework and its main functions
Source: MMA, 2018.

2.1.1. President of the Republic of the Republic, Mr. Sebastián Piñera, and green areas, circular economy,
there are six major axes related to the waste management and environmental
According to the Government Program Environment: environmental institutional remediation, and climate change.
2018 - 2022 of the current President framework, air quality, biodiversity
Regarding to climate change, the main objectives are to:
I. Implement a Law on climate change in order to comply with our international commitment
to the year 2030.
II. Create or strengthen the National System of National Inventories of Greenhouse Gases
(GHG), the National System for prospective GHG emissions and the Pollutants Release
and Transfer Register.
III. Integrate the adaptation of climate change into the National Investment System, the
National Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction, the Strategic Environmental Assessment and
the standards for infrastructure and buildings.
IV. Assign sectorial responsibilities for reducing global emissions, update the adaptation
Lago Chungará, Parque Nacional Lauca, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

plans and strengthen the supervising over the carbon tax by the Superintendence of the
Environment.
V. Create a Climate Change Forum to promote the inclusive and participatory approach
to the prevention and adaptation to climate change.
VI. Decentralize and regionalize the actions of mitigation, adaptation and capacity
building in the field of climate change.
VII. Create a Scientific Advisory Committee of climate change in order to promote science-
based decision-making.
VIII. Create a funding strategy, along with the creation of a National Climate Fund
for scientific research, information generation, measures design and the transfer of
technologies.
On Thursday, July 5, 2018 the move toward a country more resilient Until December 2018, the "Dialogue
President of the Republic, Mr. Sebastián to climate change, so the law will have about the Framework Law on Climate
Piñera, together with the Minister of a medium and long-term vision and it Change" will be carried out through
Environment, Ms. Marcela Cubillos and will be built from the regions through a the MMA at each of the regions in the
with the special participation, as a guest, highly participatory process. The law will country, where is expected that ONGs,
of the economist and French diplomatic establishes the objectives of greenhouse academia, communities, associations,
PhD Ms. Laurence Tubiana, CEO of the gas reduction and adaptation to climate private sector, congressmen, authorities
European Climate Foundation, officially change, in addition to establishing a from various ministries and local
launched the designing process of a law system of climate governance, allowing authorities participate, among others.
on climate change for Chile. Among the to face the challenges of this reality
major announcements of this activity, adequately.
it was indicated that it is needed to

Between January and February 2019, Sustainability (CMS), chaired by the and international efforts, in addition
the preliminary draft shall be prepared, MMA and integrated by its peers of to faithfully fulfill the commitments as a
to be submitted to Public Consultation Agriculture; Finance; Health; Economy, developing country.
(PAC) in March. The Government aims to Development and Tourism; Energy; Public
complete the process before July 2019 in Works; Housing and Urban Planning; On 13 February 2017, through Supreme
order to present it to the Congress. Transportation and Communications; Decree N°30 of the Ministry of Foreign
Mining and Social Development. Its Affairs7, the Paris Agreement was
main objective is to promote policies and enacted, adopted at the twenty-first
2.1.2. Ministry of Environment
regulations focused on sustainability. meeting of the Conference of the Parties
(MMA)
to the UNFCCC.
The MMA, is the State’s entity

2.2. National Climate
responsible for collaborating with 2.2.1. Climate Change Office (OCC)
the President of the Republic in the
Institutions of the Ministry of Environment
design and implementation of policies,
plans and programs on environmental Since Chile ratified the United Nations In 2010, the Climate Change Office was
matters, as well as in the protection Framework Convention on Climate created, which is directly dependent of
and conservation of biodiversity and Change (UNFCCC) in 1994 and also the Undersecretary of Environment.
renewable natural and water resources, joined the Kyoto Protocol in 2002, it has
promoting sustainable development, actively participated in the discussions According to the MMA Resolution
the integrity of the environmental policy No. 278, April 2018, the OCC is
and its regulation. Law N° 20.417 of responsible (a) to generate and collect
2010, which created the Ministry, the technical and scientific information
Environmental Assessment Service and to support the design of policies and
the Superintendency of Environment, formulation of plans and programs in the
establishes that the MMA must "propose field of climate change; (b) to follow up
policies and formulate plans, programs and to advise the Ministry on progress in
and action plans on climate change. the implementation of the public policy
instruments on climate change in the
In the exercise of this competence, it must country; among other functions indicated
collaborate with the different entities of in the resolution.
the State Administration at a national,
regional and local level in order to In addition, the National Ozone Unit
be able to determine their effects, established in Chile since 1993 is part
as well as the establishment of the of the OCC, which is responsible for
necessary measures for adaptation and compliance with the Montreal Protocol
mitigation6”. The different components of and its amendments, supporting the
the environmental institutional framework country through the implementation
and the main function of each are shown of investment projects and technical
in Figure 3. assistance, public outreach, and
preparation or amendment of standards.
2.1.3. Ministers Council for

Sustainability (CMS)
The Law N° 20.417 of 2010 also

created the Ministers Council for
6
Law 20.417, Article 70 letter h.
7
Supreme Decree N° 30, of February 13, 2017 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs enacts the Paris Agreement, adopted at the twenty-first
meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, may be accessed in the link:
https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1103158

The OCC coordinates the activities of
the Inter-Ministerial Technical Committee
on Climate Change (ETICC), it acts as:
National Designated Authority of the
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM),
Technical Advisor to the Committee for
International Negotiation, Designated
Authority for the Adaptation Fund,
Focal Point of the IPCC, Focal Point
of the Iberian-American Network of
Climate Change Offices, Focal Point of
the Project EUROCLIMA+, Focal Point
of NAMA Registry, Focal Point of the
Climate and Clean Air for the reduction
of short-life pollutants, representative for
the Inter-American Institute for Global
Change (IAI), among others. In addition,
the OCC participates in various networks Ministry of National Assets, Ministry of private sector and which was the first
for the exchange of information, such Women and Gender Equity and Ministry nationally appropriate mitigation action
as the Iberian-American Network of of Environment. recognized by the UNFCCC in 2012.
Climate Change Offices (RICCO), the It is also a focal point of the Network
Regional Cooperation Program between 2.2.3. Agency for Sustainability and and Climate Technology Center in Chile
the European Union and Latin America Climate Change (ASCC) (CTCN).
(EUROCLIMA), the Scientific Committee
for Climate Change of the Pacific Alliance In 2016, it was formed the Agency of 2.2.4. Permanent Presidential
Sustainability and Climate Change, lo- Advisory Commission on Climate
and the Independent Association of Latin
cated in the Committee of the Production Change
America and the Caribbean (AILAC)
and the Latin America Network of GHG Development Corporation (CORFO) of
With the objective of strengthening
Emission Inventory (REDINGEI). the Ministry of Economy, Development
the technical quality and harmony of
and Tourism, the successor of the Nation-
the public policy on climate change,
2.2.2. Inter-Ministerial Technical al Council for Clean Production. The role
on November 22, 2017, through
Committee on Climate Change of the ASCC is to promote the inclusion
Supreme Decree N° 52 of the Ministry
(ETICC) of the climate change and sustainable
of Environment, it was created the
development issue in the private sector
Permanent Presidential Advisory
The ETICC is an instance of inter- through public-private agreements and
Commission on Climate Change, which
ministerial coordination, created in the implementation of programs and
mission is to advise the President of
2015 and coordinated by the OCC, projects that contribute to the construc-
the Republic in everything related to
whose members are focal points of the tion of a low-carbon economy and the
the identification and formulation of
Ministries related with Climate Change: fulfilment Chile commitments in the Paris
policies, plans, programs, measures
Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Foreign Agreement. Its fields of action are the
and other activities related to climate
Affairs, Ministry of National Defense, promotion, entrepreneurship, innovation,
change, as well as the fulfillment of
Ministry of Social Development, Ministry the implementation of climate actions for
Chile’s international commitments, in
of Agriculture, Ministry of Education, mitigation and adaptation to climate
particular, the Paris Agreement, and
Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Health, change, mitigation and adaptation
in the development and proposal of a
Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning, technologies, the funding for mitigation
national public climate policy 8.
Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of and adaptation actions and capacity
Transportation and Communications, building. Its main instrument is the Clean
Ministry of Mining, Ministry of Economy, Production Agreements which involve the
8
Supreme Decree N° 52, November 22, 2017 the Ministry of Environment creates permanent the Permanent Presidential Advisory
Commission on climate change may be accessed at the link: https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1113261

This Commission is composed of 36 the Regional Secretary of Environment and local level, both of climate change
members, among which are authorities, to act as the Executive Secretary of the policies arising at their own territory
former presidents of the Republic, CORECC, and including representatives and those driven by the national level,
representatives of trade associations, of other ministries and municipalities for example the National Action Plan on
academia, representatives of non- interested in the implementation of Climate Change (PANCC) 2017-2022,
governmental organizations and a climate change adaptation or mitigation the National Plan for Adaptation on
representative of the President of the activities in their respective jurisdictions. Climate Change, the sectorial plans of
Republic. Local actors from the private sector, adaptation among other actions in the
civil society, academia, ONGs, among field of climate change, according to the
2.2.5. Regional Committees on others, can also participate, depending needs and possibilities at regional and
Climate Change (CORECC) on each region. local level.
CORECCs are committees established CORECCs are an instance of the The framework within which the
at each of the administrative regions of regional authorities’ leadership to CORECCs are inserted as a leadership
the country, through a summons by the address the challenges of climate institution on climate change at a
Intendente (top regional authority) to the change. Their function is to promote and regional level, is shown in Figure 4.
rest of the regional authorities, considering facilitate the implementation, at regional
Figure 4. Outline of the institutional structure for implementing climate change policies

The Citizens Participation (Civil Society 2.3.1. Ministry of Foreign Affairs a financing mechanism of UNFCCC,
organizations) is represented in this (MINREL) through which it is intended to support
structure by a National Consultative the efforts of developing countries to
Council at the national government level, The focal point of Chile for the UNFCCC limit or reduce their emissions, and help
and by Regional Advisory Councils is the Directorate of Environment and them adapting to the effects of climate
(one at each region) at the regional Ocean Affairs (DIMA). The follow-up change.
government level. Citizens’ participation of climate change, both bilateral and
is organized by the corresponding multilateral, resides in the DIMA, unit Also, the Ministry of Finance is part of
CORECC, with the purpose of achieving responsible for coordinating the position the Green Climate Fund Board through
the support of the local citizens affected of Chile in the UNFCCC negotiations, a group composed by Argentina, Chile,
by the implementation of the measures seeking that the country is recognized Mexico and Peru.
(Moraga, 2016). as a relevant and constructive actor in
climate change negotiations. To support the work of the National
2.2.6. Chile’s Technical Team Authority of the FVC, a Technical
for monitoring, reporting and On the other hand, the General Secretariat has been created, composed
verification Directorate for International Economic of: MINHACIENDA, MINREL and MMA.
Relations (DIRECON) of MINREL
Within the context of the ever greater coordinates the Bunker Fuels, Aerial 2.3.3. Ministry of Energy
challenges that climate change poses and Maritime Transportation Tables. (MINENERGIA)
and, in particular, the new demands The purpose of the tables is to discuss
that the regime of the Paris Agreement and agree on the position of Chile The Ministry of Energy develops and
projects on the field of monitoring, regarding actions aimed to reduce GHG coordinates, in a transparent and
reporting and verification (MRV), in emissions from international aviation and participatory manner, plans, policies
January 2018 the "Technical Team for maritime transportation. These issues and standards for the proper functioning
monitoring, reporting and verification" are addressed in the framework of the and development of the sector, ensures
of Chile (ETMRV-CHILE) was created, International Civil Aviation Organization compliance and advises the Government
consisting of nine public sector institutions (ICAO) and the International Maritime on matters related to energy; ensuring
which is constituted as an instance of Organization (IMO), respectively. that all Chileans can access energy
work permanently aimed to encourage in a safe way and at reasonable and
communication and interaction among 2.3.2. Ministry of Finance competitive prices. Among the various
various actors that follow-up the efforts to (MINHACIENDA) divisions belonging to the institution, in
mitigate climate change in the country, the field of climate change stand out: The
exchange experiences and lessons The Ministry of Finance is the Designated Prospective and Energy Policy Division
learnt on MRV, and the development of National Authority of Chile to the which is responsible, among other
different objectives associated with this Green Climate Fund (FVC), created as functions, to prepare the inventory of
issue in the short and in the medium term.
More detailed information regarding the

ETMRV-Chile can be found in Chapter III
of the current Biennial Update Report.
2.3. Sectorial institutions

The national institutional public
framework has a series of institutions,
agencies or entities that, without
belonging to the MMA, are linked to
the climate change. The following are
the ministries that currently have units,
departments or offices specifically
associated to this matter:

GHG emissions in the Energy sector, and country. All institutions belonging to the the Institute of Agricultural Research
the Division for Sustainable Development ministry are related to the issue of climate (INIA) and LULUCF sector composed of
which main objective is to coordinate change. Technical coordination between CONAF and INFOR.
and reconcile the energy policy with the the different services of MINAGRI in the
local development, climate change and field of climate change is made by the
2.3.5. Other agencies featured
care for the environment. Intra-ministerial Technical Committee on
Climate Change (CTICC), created in
In addition, other agencies stand out that
MINENERGIA is the Technical Focal 2015 and formalized through the Exempt
have significantly advanced in the issue
Point of project PMR (Partnership for Decree N° 360 of 20179. The objective
of climate change within their institutions,
Market Readiness, World Bank, www. is to be able to coordinate all Agricultural
including: Ministry of Housing and
thepmr.org) whose objective is to Services to advise the Minister of
Urban Planning (MINVU), Ministry of
strengthen the institutional, regulatory Agriculture on climate change policies
Social Development (MDS), the Energy
and industrial capacity to implement for the agriculture sector. The Agricultural
Sustainability Agency and CORFO.
carbon pricing instruments (IPC) and a Studies and Policies Office (ODEPA) is
robust MRV system to capture co-benefits responsible for its coordination.
and enabling a low-carbon development
2.4. Institutional
in the Energy sector. The National Forestry Corporation
is part of the MINAGRI (CONAF), a
Arrangements for the
2.3.4. Ministry of Agriculture private entity which main task is to preparation of reports to the
(MINAGRI) manage the forest policy in Chile and UNFCCC
foster the development of the sector
The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible through promotion, environmental- Chile, as a signatory country to the
for promoting, guiding and coordinating forestry control, forestry protection UNFCCC and as a developing country
the forestry-agricultural activities of the of vegetation resources and the (non-Annex I), has submitted three
conservation of biological diversity national communications, the last
for the benefit of society. CONAF is one was prepared by the MMA and
the Focal Point and responsible for presented in 2016.
implementing the approach of incentives
policy on the Reduction of Greenhouse The Conference of the Parties (COP),
Gas Emissions caused by Deforestation at its seventeenth session, adopted the
and forest Degradation, the conservation guidelines contained in decision 2/
and the increase in CO2 capture known CP.1710, annex III, for the preparation
as REDD+, of the UNFCCC. CONAF of biennial update reports (BUR) of the
is also the national focal point of the Parties not included in annex I to the
United Nations Convention to Combat Convention. These guidelines outline
Desertification (UNCCD) and of the the objectives and the scope of the
United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF), information to be communicated. Also,
through the Unit for Climate Change and by decision 2/CP.17, the COP decided
Environmental Services (UCCSA). that the Parties not included in annex
I, in accordance with their capabilities
It is highlighted that MINAGRI, through and the level of support provided for
ODEPA, coordinate the preparation of information, shall submit their first BUR
the GHG inventory of the Agriculture and no later than December 2014. Chile has
Land use, land-use change and forestry submitted two BURs, the second one in
(LULUCF) sectors, which is developed 2016.
through two technical teams, including
the Agriculture sector composed of
9
Available at http://www.odepa.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Dex-360.pdf
10
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/eng/09a01.pdf

Arrangements made by Chile for the Group of Experts and the Secretariat of The process of analysis of the second
fulfilment of these commitments are in the Convention, in addition to experts BUR from Chile concluded with the fifth
line with the institutional framework from five countries that belong to Annex workshop of the "Facilitative Sharing
presented above. The Climate Change I and non-Annex I. The report of the of Views" (FSV), developed on May 4,
Office has coordinated the preparation process was completed in December 2018, in Bonn, Germany, within the
of the present report, by developing a 2017, and the conclusions presented in framework of session number 48 of the
process to gather information, together the process11 are: Subsidiary Body on Implementation (SBI)
with public institutions with environmental of the UNFCCC. During the workshop,
competence. Chile presented the BUR document, in
I.That the information provided by the addition to sharing the experience and
The specific arrangements for the report is consistent with the UNFCCC lessons learnt during its preparation and
development of the national inventory of guidelines, concluding that the process of technical analysis12.
GHG emissions in Chile are described in information analyzed is completely
transparent.
detail in Chapter 2 of this report.
II. The country is congratulated for the

2.5. Analysis process of the progress made in subjects of institution-
al framework, and recognizes that the
second BUR plans to improve the MRV systems will
allow achieving sustainability of the
The first BUR from Chile was submitted report to the Secretariat.
to the UNFCCC on December 10,
2014 in compliance with the time limit
III. The country is congratulated for
established at COP 17 in Durban. its efforts in utilizing the most recent
During 2015 Chile was subject to the guidelines in the preparation of its
process of International Consultation and GHG inventory, reporting both the
level of emissions and trends, such
Analysis (ICA). This process consisted
as the propagation error to estimate
in a week of technical analysis carried uncertainty.
out between May 18 and 22, 2015, in
Bonn, Germany, with the participation
IV. Chile reported data and
of experts belonging to the Consultative
additional actions with respect to
Group of Experts and the Secretariat of the implementation of mitigation
the Convention, in addition to experts measures, providing more detailed and
from five countries that belong to Annex transparent information in comparison
with its first BUR.
I and non-Annex I. The report of the
process was completed in November,
2015. V. This second BUR clearly identifies
a number of needs related to the
Santiago, Diego Fontecilla - Imagen de Chile

development of the GHG inventory,
The second BUR of Chile was submitted
mitigation and support.
to the UNFCCC on November 12, 2016.
During 2017, Chile was subject to the
process of International Consultation and VI. The Consultative Group of Experts
in consultation at the country identified
Analysis (ICA). This process consisted
the capacity-building needs related to
in a week of technical analysis carried the facilitation of the report according
out between May 22 and 26, 2017, in to the UNFCCC guidelines and its
Bonn, Germany, with the participation participation at the ICA.
of experts belonging to the Consultative
11
https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/docs/2017/tasr/chl.pdf
12
https://unfccc.int/documents/69441

REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
ASCC. (s.f.). Obtenido de http://www.agenciasustentabilidad.cl/resources/uploads/documentos/recomendaciones_para_una_agenda_de_

trabajo_publica_privada_al_2030.pdf
Banco Central. (2018). Estadísticas - Cuentas nacionales. Obtenido de http://www.bcentral.cl/es/web/guest/comercio-exterior
Banco Mundial. (2014). Obtenido de http://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS
CONAF. (Mayo de 2017). EL GRAN INCENDIO DE CHILE 2017 DESCRIPCIÓN E IMPACTOS. Obtenido de http://www.conaf.cl/tormenta_
de_fuego-2017/GRAN-INCENDIO-DE-CHILE-VERANO-2017-DESCRIPCION-Y-EFECTOS-EN-ECOSISTEMAS-VEGETACIONALES_SEMINARIO-
CEP-MAYO-2017.pdf
CONAF. (2017). Superficies Catastros Usos de Suelos y Recursos Vegetacionales. Recuperado el 01 de 09 de 2016, de CONAF: https://sit.
conaf.cl/tmp/obj_760159/1929_Superficies%20Catastros%20Usos%20de%20Suelos%20y%20recursos%20vegetacionales%20Abril2018.
pdf
Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. (2018). REPORTE ANUAL DE LA EVOLUCIÓN DEL CLIMA EN CHILE 2017. Santiago: DIRECCIÓN
GENERAL DE AERONÁUTICA CIVIL.
DIRECON. (2015). Informe Anual, Comercio Exterior de Chile. Recuperado el 01 de 09 de 2016, de DIRECON: https://www.direcon.gob.
cl/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Informe-anual-de-Comercio-Exterior-de-Chile-2014-2015.pdf
Gobierno de Chile. (2002). Cumbre Mundial sobre Desarrollo Sostenible Johannesburgo: Informe Nacional de la República de Chile.
Santiago.
Gobierno de Chile y Generadoras de Chile. (s.f.). Obtenido de http://generadoras.cl/media/page-files/391/180129%20Comunicado%20

no%20mas%20nuevas%20plantas%20a%20carb%C3%B3n%20-%20ME%20MMA%20Generadoras%20de%20Chile.pdf
INE. (2013). Compendio estadístico 2013.
INE. (2013). Estadísticas vitales. Anuario 2013. Recuperado el 01 de 09 de 2016, de INE. Demográficas y Vitales: http://www.ine.cl/
canales/chile_estadístico/familias/demograficas_vitales.php
INE. (2017). Censo 2017. Recuperado el 18 de 04 de 2018, de INE. Censo 2017: http://www.censo2017.cl/wp-content/
uploads/2017/12/Presentacion_Resultados_Definitivos_Censo2017.pdf
MDS. (2013). Informe de política social, capítulo educación.
MDS. (2017). Casen 2017. Ingresos de los hogares. Obtenido de MIDESO: http://observatorio.ministeriodesarrollosocial.gob.cl/casen-
multidimensional/casen/docs/Resultados_ingresos_Casen_2017.pdf
MINEDUC. (2015). Resumen estadístico de la educación 2015. Recuperado el 02 de 08 de 2016, de MINEDUC: http://centroestudios.
mineduc.cl/index.php?t=96&i=2&2036&tm=2
MINENERGIA. (2015). Energía 2050. Política Energética de Chile. Santiago de Chile: MINENERGIA.
MINENERGÍA. (2018). Informe Balance Nacional de Energía 2016.
Ministerio de Agricultura. (Junio de 2016). Programa de Acción Nacional de Lucha Contra la Desertificación, la Degradación de Tierras y la
Sequía PANCD-Chile 2016-2030. Obtenido de https://biblioteca.digital.gob.cl/handle/123456789/3413
Ministerio de Defensa Nacional. (2010). Ministerio de Defensa Nacional. Recuperado el 02 de 08 de 2016, de www.defensa.cl/2010 libro
de la defensa 1.pdf
MMA. (2017). Tercer Reporte del Estado del Medio Ambiente.
MMA. (2017). Tercer Reporte del Estado del Medio Ambiente.
Moraga, A. (2016). La Gobernanza del Cambio Climático. CR)2 y Adapt-Chile.

ODEPA. (2005). Agricultura chilena 2014: una perspectiva de mediano plazo. Recuperado el 02 de 08 de 2016, de ODEPA: http://www.
odepa.cl/articulo/agricultura-chilena-2014una-perspectiva-de-mediano-plazo/
ODEPA. (2005). Agricultura Chilena 2014: Una perspectiva de mediano plazo. Santiago.
ODEPA. (2017). Agricultura Chilena Reflexiones y Desafios al 2030.
PNUD. (2015). Desarrollo humano en Chile; los tiempos de la politización. Recuperado el 01 de 09 de 2016, de PNUD: http://
desarrollohumano.cl/idh/category/informes
PNUD. (2016). Panorama General Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 2016.
Santibáñez, F., Roa, P., & Santibáñez, P. (2016 por publicar). Capíotulo 1. Medio físico. En MMA, Biodiversidad de Chile. Santiago de Chile:
MMA.
Sernapesca. (2017). Resumen Ejecutivo Principales resultados y conclusiones acumulados al mes de octubre de 2017. Informe comparativo de
las Principales Pesquerías 2016/2017.
SISS. (2014a). Informe anual de coberturas urbanas de servicios sanitarios. Recuperado el 08 de 08 de 2016, de Superintendencia de
Servicios Sanitarios: http://www.siss.cl/577/articles-11624_recurso_1.pdf
UNICEF. (2012). Chile. Estadísticas. Recuperado el 01 de 09 de 2016, de UNICEF: http://www.unicef.org/spanish/infobycountry/chile_

statistics.html

Parque Nacional Conguillío, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile
II.
NATIONAL
GREENHOUSE GAS
INVENTORY OF CHILE
1990-2016
1. INTRODUCTION
This chapter is the summary of the emissions and removals in Chile. Sections the NGHGIs, UNFCCC proposes
National Greenhouse Gas Inventory 3 to 7 present detailed information of the methodological guidelines developed by
Report in Chile, series 1990-20161 which four sectors: Energy (which includes the the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
contains the Fifth National Greenhouse reporting items); Industrial processes and Change (IPCC) to prepare or update their
Gas Inventory of Chile (Chile’s NGHGI) products use; Agriculture; Land use, Land- inventories. In the NGHGIs, economic
presented by the country to the United use Change and Forestry; and Waste. sectors of the countries are grouped
Nations Framework Convention Section 8 summarizes recalculations. into sectors that share characteristics
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in relating to the processes that generate
compliance with article 4, paragraph emissions or removals. These sectors are
1(a) and article 12, paragraph 1(a) 1.1. General background Energy Industrial Processes and product
of that Convention, and decision 1 of use (IPPU); Agriculture; Land use, land -
the 16th Conference of the Parties of On March 21, 1994 the UNFCCC came use change and forestry (LULUCF), and
Cancun, in 2010. into force, ratified by Chile in the same Waste.
year, with the purpose of stabilizing
Chile’s NGHGI covers the entire national GHG concentrations in the atmosphere
territory and includes emissions and at a level that would prevent dangerous
removals of greenhouse gas (GHGs) anthropogenic interference with the
of anthropogenic origin not controlled climate system. In order to achieve this
by the Montreal Protocol2, emissions of objective, all members of the UNFCCC
precursors and black carbon emissions shall prepare, periodically update,
in a time series that goes from 1990 publish and facilitate national GHG
to 2016. The results of the estimates inventories (NGHGI).
of GHG emissions, precursor gases
and black carbon are presented at NGHGIs consist of a comprehensive
the national level; in kilotons3 (kt), and numeric listing of the entry of each of the
they refer to 2016, the last year of the anthropogenic GHG emissions released
Maíz de Lluta - Sello de origen - Fundación Imagen de Chile

inventory, unless otherwise expressed. or absorbed from the atmosphere
The positive numbers represent GHG in an area during a specific period,
emissions, precursor gases and black usually corresponding to a calendar
carbon, while the negative correspond year. NGHGIs are aimed to determine
to removals. the magnitude of GHG emissions and
removals that are directly attributable
This section presents the general to human activity, as well as the specific
background on the INGEI of Chile, contribution of the country to the
institutional arrangements, updating phenomenon of climate change.
process, methodology, key categories,
uncertainty and completeness. In Section For a quantification to ensure credibility,
2 details trends in greenhouse gas consistency and comparability among
1
The Report of the National GHG Inventory in Chile, series 1990-2016 is included as technical annex of the Third Biennial Update Report
from Chile submitted to the UNFCCC.
2
The GHG inventories included are: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons
(PFC) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
3
One kilotonne (kt) is equivalent to a gigagram (Gg) or 1,000 tonnes.

According to the international divided into five lines of action covering the Ministries of Agriculture, Energy
agreements, developing countries, such the areas and activities required for the and Environment, which have worked
as Chile, must submit their NGHGIs to fulfilment of the objectives. These lines of in coordination within the framework of
the UNFCCC as a part of the national action are: SNICHILE, strengthening Chile’s NGHGI
communications (every four years) and preparation by adding the expert
of the biennial update reports (every two SNICHILE Operation: ongoing knowledge of the different participating
years since 2014). management of SNICHILE through sectorial ministries. SNICHILE is
the maintenance of an organizational composed of the National Technical
In addition, Chile’s NGHGI will include structure with defined roles and Team (the Coordinating Technical Team,
the report on black carbon, aerosol responsibilities. SNICHILE has an AFOLU Coordinating Team and Sectorial
considered a climate short-life enforcer, internalized organizational structure Technical Teams), the Coordinating
because it has the ability to absorb solar within the State apparatus and Reports Team, the Council of Ministers for
radiation, transforming it into heat and independent of other pollutants Sustainability, and internal and external
significantly contribute the radiative inventories, coordinated by the MMA. experts (Figure 1).
forcing (Bond et al., 2013). Black carbon Thus, Chile’s NGHGI is the result of a
is the product of incomplete combustion of collective and permanent effort from
fossil fuels, biofuels and biomass. Chile,
in its contribution determined for the
Paris 2015 Climate Agreement (NDC),
paragraph 2.6: "Chile Paper on short-
life pollutants", includes the commitment
to mitigate short-lived pollutants, so the
accounting of this contaminant is of great
importance.
1.2. Institutional
Arrangements for the
preparation of the Chile’s
NGHGI
In response to the commitments made

by the country to report and present
its NGHGIs to the United Nations, the
Climate Change Office of the Ministry
of Environment of Chile designed,
implemented and has maintained, since
2012, the National GHG Inventory
System of Chile (SNICHILE), which
contains the institutional, legal and
procedural arrangements established
for the biennial update of Chile GHGIs,
in order to ensure sustainability in the
preparation of NGHGIs in the country
and to maintain the consistency of GHG
flows notified, and the quality of results.
In addition, since the current NGHGI
estimates of black carbon are included
and reported.
The permanent work of the SNICHILE is

Figure 1. Organizational structure of SNICHILE
Source: Coordinating Technical Team of the MMA
Update of Chile’s NGHGI: implementation GHG inventories; and preparation of the verification. In addition, to identify
and maintenance of a Biennial Work Plan reports (the NIR in Chile and the chapters and prioritize potential improvements
with activities, timelines and budgets to for BURs or national communications). of the Chile’s NGHGI a Continuous
guide the permanent task of the National Improvement Plan is prepared. Since
Technical Team. In general, during the Quality Assurance and Quality Control 2015, the SNICHILE implemented a
first year of the biennial cycle of the System: Improving the quality of the Quality Assurance and Quality Control
work plan, Sectorial GHG inventories Chile’s (transparency, completeness, System (QA/QC) in accordance with
(SGHGI) are updated, while in second consistency, comparability and the IPCC good practice guidance for the
year crosswise themes in the Chile’s accuracy) through the establishment NGHGI’s preparation.
NGHGI are compiled and developed; and implementation of quality assurance
the inventory of black carbon; local and quality control procedures, and

Building and maintaining capacities: well as the Project Information Matter process, the intention is going through
increase of the technical capacities of the of the German Society for International a more comprehensive review within
professionals in the National Technical Cooperation (GIZ) for the coordination, the framework of the work carried out
Team of SNICHILE to generate a NGHGI and the Low Emission Capacity Building by the Latin American Network of GHG
of the highest quality. To identify training (LECB-Chile) project of UNDP which inventories (RedINGEI).
needs, the Coordinating Technical partially financed this process.
Team performs a diagnosis of needs by Finally, Chile’s NGHGI is delivered to
identifying gaps, barriers and obstacles, In the same area, the current NGHGI the Coordinating Team of Reports for its
and then prioritizes these needs. went through a brief quality assurance inclusion in the Third Biennial Update
process for the Energy, Agriculture Report, together with the annexes and
Filing and communication: management and LULUCF sectors performed by an other relevant information, as the needs
and protection of the information related external professional, which purpose and support received and delivered
to Chile’s NGHGI and the adaption of was to review the information reported, regarding inventories.
such information, so as to ensure access activity data, emission factors, GHG
and transparency of Chile’s NGHGI. To trend among other. In addition to this
facilitate information management, since
2015 the Tabular Registration System
(TRS) was implemented, which consists
of a set of standardized folders and files.
From the same year the web platform of
SNICHILE (www.snichile.cl) exists aimed
to disseminating Chile’s NGHGI.
1.3. Update Process of Chile’s

NGHGI
The process of preparation of the current
Chile’s NGHGI began the first semester
of 2017 and concluded in mid-2018.
As noted in the Figure 2, each Sectorial
Technical Team prepares the GHG
inventory of its own sector which implies
gathering the information; the calculation
of GHG emissions and removals; and
the preparation of the report. Then the
Coordinating Technical Team compiles
the SGHGI and develops cross-cutting
issues, generates the inventory of black
carbon and with that material prepares
Chile’s NGHGI, local GHG inventories
and their respective reports. Then each
Sectorial Technical Team approves the
National Inventory Report in its final
version
On the quality assurance process, it

should be noted that during the previous
inventory (series 1990-2013) a review
by experts of the Federal Environment
Agency of Germany culminated, who
are thanked for their contribution, as

Figure 2. The process of updating Chile’s NGHGI
1.4. Methodology and main the exception of the Agriculture and the UNFCCC Reporting Guidelines for
sources of information LULUCF sectors; and some categories Biennial Update Reports from Parties not
of IPPU sector for which a level 2) included in Annex I to the Convention6
GHGs and precursor gases estimates methodology was used; including the and the Guidelines for the Preparation of
of the current Chile’s NGHGI, series analysis of main categories, uncertainty National Communications by Parties not
1990-2016, were carried out in line assessment, completeness and included in Annex I to the Convention7.
with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for recalculations assessment. In addition, ANNEX 1 presents a summary of the
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories4 Chile’s NGHGI has been prepared to methods and levels applied in Chile’s
and applying the IPCC software5 (with meet the information requirements of NGHGI.
4
Recovered from www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/spanish/index.html
5
Recovered from www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/index.html
6
Annex to Decision 17/COP8. Recovered from http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/spanish/cop8/cp807a02s.pdf#page=2
7
Annex III to Decision 2/COP17. Recovered from http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/spa/09a01s.pdf#page=

After estimating emissions and removals dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq), global of the IPCC. Table 1 displays the values.
of each GHG, and to report these in an warming potentials (GWP) were applied
aggregate manner expressed in carbon from the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)
Table 1. Global warming potentials used in Chile’s NGHGI
GEI PCG
GHG GWP
CO2 1
CH4 25
N2O 298
HFC-23 14,800
Lago Chungará, Parque Nacional Lauca, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

HFC-32 675
HFC-125 3,500
HFC-134a 1,430
HFC-143a 4,470
HFC-152a 124
HFC-227ea 3,220
HFC-236fa 9,810
HFC-245fa 1,030
HFC-365mfc 794
HFC-43-10mee 1,640
CF4 7,390
SF6 22,800
Source: Coordinating Technical Team of MMA, on the basis of AR4
Regarding to the main sources of information:
• In the Energy sector activity and parametric data were used, the majority from the National Energy Balances, statistics of automotive
park for Road Transportation and default emission factors.
• In the IPPU sector activity data from the public yearbooks of the productive companies, of Chile official statistics from the National
Institute of Statistics (INE) and from the National Customs Service were used; in addition to country-specific emission factors for productions
of lime, cement, glass, iron and steel, while for the rest of the categories default emission factors were used.
• In the Agriculture sector activity data were used mainly from Agricultural Censuses; in addition to country specific emission factors for
enteric fermentation (cattle), manure management (cattle and pigs) and direct emissions for use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers, while for
the other categories default emission factors were used.
• In the LULUCF sector activity data were used mainly from the Vegetation Record and Sectorial Statistics; and country-specific emission
factors for forest land mainly from the National Forestry Inventory, while for other uses of the land default emission factors were used.
• In the Waste sector activity data from the population censuses of the INE, statistics of solid wastes of the MMA, flow of waste water
and sludge by the Superintendence of Sanitary Services (SISS) and the Survey of National Social-Economic Characterization (CASEN)
prepared by the Ministry of Social Development (MDS) were used; in addition to default emission factors.

All default emission factors are from burning of oil or gas in the vents of oil Chile’s NGHGI are also the subject of
the IPCC Guidelines of 2006, while and natural gas production, due to the a more detailed documentation and a
precursors estimate comes from the lack of specific activity data. more exhaustive quality control.
Guide of Inventories of Air Pollutants
Emissions EMEP/EEA 2016. It should be For more detail of the information, the
noted that the most important information reader is strongly encouraged to review
about Chile’s NGHGI is generated by the National Inventory Report of Chile’s
the same institutions to which Sectorial GHG, series 1990-2016, document
Technical Teams belong, and in many included as technical annex to the Chile’s
cases the same teams are also in charge Third Biennial Update Report submitted
of its preparation. This is an advantage to the UNFCCC.
given the data availability, the efficient
use of resources and understanding the
history behind the different trends.
1.5. Key categories
Black carbon emissions were estimated The concept of key category allows
using the same activity data raised by the identifying the categories that have a
corresponding Sectorial Technical Teams. significant impact on the NGHGI of a
Emissions were estimated for the sources country in terms of absolute level, trends
that burn fossil fuel or biomass with energy and uncertainty of GHG emissions and
purposes; Agricultural waste burning; removals. The main categories of Chile’s
forest fires; burning of hospital waste NGHGI for 1990 and 2016 were
and cremation, among other. According identified according to the criteria of level
to the source, the emission factor of fine and trend (N, TD), using the Method 1,
particulate matter (MP2,5) was selected which considers emissions and removals
in addition to the corresponding black in an absolute manner and Method 2,
carbon speciation factor, according to which also considers uncertainty.
the Guide for Inventories of Pollutants
Emissions into the air of the European Table 2 summarizes the emission
Monitoring and Evaluation Program and sinks sources identified as key
(EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission categories, showing in turn with an "X"
Inventory Guidebook 2016. Technical the criterion or criteria and methods by
guidance to prepare national emission which they were categorized this way.
inventories. EEA Report N° 21/2016, Some categories meet both level and
ISSN 1977-8449, https://www.eea. trend criteria, as is the case of 9 sinks
europa.eu/publications/emep-eea- and sources of emission of Forest Lands
guidebook-2016). Regarding black that Remain as Such. On the other hand,
carbon emissions of the LULUCF sector, there are sources of emission that are key
the emission factor of black carbon of the category only because of one criterion,
associated to biomass burnt was used such is the case of Foaming Agents in the
(Akagi et. al, 2011). trend with Method 2.
It should be noted that for black carbon This summary is the basis for discussions
emissions, emissions from biomass with Sectorial Technical Teams on the
burning in furnaces that produce bricks quality of the estimates and possible
(Ladrilleras) were not estimated, nor the improvements. The key categories of

Table 2. Summary of the Key Categories of Chile’s NGHG, series 1990-2016, according to the evaluations of level and trend,
using Methods 1 and 2
IPCC Code IPCC Category GHG Identification Criterion

L1 L1 L2 L2
TD1 TD2
1990 2016 1990 2016
1.A.1. Energy industries - Solid Fuels CO2 X X X X

1.A.1. Energy industries - Liquid Fuels CO2 X X X
1.A.1. Energy industries - Gaseous Fuels CO2 X X X
1.A.1. Energy industries - Biomass N2O X
1.A.2. Manufacturing industries and construction - Liquid Fuels CO2 X X X X X X
1.A.2. Manufacturing industries and construction - Solid Fuels CO2 X X X X X
1.A.2. Manufacturing industries and construction - Gaseous Fuels CO2 X
1.A.2. Manufacturing industries and construction - Biomass N2O X
1.A.3.a. Civil Aviation CO2 X X X
1.A.3.b. Road Transportation CO2 X X X X X X
1.A.3.b. Road Transportation N2O X
1.A.3.d. Water-borne Navigation CO2 X X
1.A.4. Other sectors - Liquid Fuels CO2 X X X X X
1.A.4. Other sectors - Biomass CH4 X X X X X
1.A.4. Other sectors - Gaseous Fuels CO2 X
1.B.1. Solid fuels CH4 X X X X
1.B.2.a. Oil CH4 X X X X
1.B.2.b. Natural Gas CH4 X X X X X
2.A.1. Cement production CO2 X X X
2.B.8.a. Methanol CO2 X X
2.C.1. Iron and steel production CO2 X X X
2.F.1. Refrigeration and air conditioning HFC X X X X
2.F.2. Foaming agents HFC X
3.A.1.a. Dairy cows CH4 X X X X X
3.A.1.b.i. Beef cows CH4 X X X X X
3.A.1.b.ii. Heifers CH4 X X X X X
3.A.1.b.iii. Adult meat (heifers >2 years, bulls and studs, oxen) CH4 X X
3.A.1.b.iv. Young meat (heifers 1-2 years) CH4 X X
3.A.1.b.v. Calves CH4 X X X
3.A.2. Sheep CH4 X X
3.B.3. Swine CH4 X X X
3.D.1.a. Inorganic fertilizer N2O X X X X X X
3.D.1.c. Urine and manure deposited by grazing animals N2O X X X X X X
3.D.1.d. Crop waste N2O X X X X
3.D.2.a.ii.1. Animal manure applied to soils N2O X X X
3.D.2.b.ii.1. Animal manure applied to soils N2O X X X

IPCC Code IPCC Category GHG Identification Criterion
L1 L1 L2 L2
TD1 TD2
1990 2016 1990 2016
4.A.1.a.i.1. Second-growth forest CO2 X X X X X X

4.A.1.a.i.2. Management Plans (Native Forest Law) CO2 X X X X X X
4.A.1.a.i.3. National parks and reserves CO2 X X X X X X
4.A.1.a.ii. Forest plantations CO2 X X X X X X
4.A.1.b.i.1. P. radiata roundwood CO2 X X X X X X
4.A.1.b.i.2. Eucalyptus spp. roundwood CO2 X X X X X X
4.A.1.b.i.4. Native species roundwood CO2 X X X X
4.A.1.b.ii.1. Native species firewood CO2 X X X X X X
4.A.1.b.ii.2. Exotic species firewood CO2 X X X X X X
4.A.1.b.iii.1.a. Native Forest fires CO2 X X X X X X
4.A.1.b.iii.1.b. Forest Plantations fires CO2 X X X X
4.A.1.c.ii. Substitution CO2 X X X X X
4.A.2.a.ii. Croplands converted to forest plantations CO2 X X X X X X
4.A.2.b.i. Grasslands converted to native forest CO2 X X
4.A.2.b.ii. Grasslands converted to forest plantations CO2 X X X X X X
4.B.2. Land converted to cropland CO2 X X X X X
4.C.2. Land converted to grassland CO2 X X X X X
5.A. Waste disposal sites CH4 X X X X X X
5.D.1. Domestic wastewater treatment and discharge CH4 X X X X
N1 1990: analysis of 1990 Level Method 1; N1 2016: analysis of 2016 Level Method 1; TD1: trend analysis 1990-2016 Method 1; N2
1990: analysis of 1990 Level Method2; N2 2016: analysis of 2016 Level Method 2; TD2: trend analysis 1990-2016 Method 2.
1.6. General assessment of estimation parameters of each SNGHGI uncertainty (contribution to variance) of
uncertainty and developed an analysis using Method 2016 are the LULUCF sector, followed by
1: Propagation of error of the IPCC IPPU, the Energy sector, then the Waste
According to the IPCC Guidelines of Guidelines of 2006, which estimates sector and finally, the Agriculture sector.
2006, uncertainty estimates are an uncertainty in the individual categories Although the combined uncertainty of the
essential part of a comprehensive of the entire inventory, and in the trends Energy sector is low (-3.0% and +4.3%)
inventory of GHG emissions and between one year of interest and the and that of Waste is high (-67,2%
removals. The uncertainty analysis base year. It should be noted that the and +72,4%), the first one generates
should be considered as a means to uncertainty of each individual category a greater contribution to uncertainty
prioritize national efforts aimed to is weighted by the emissions or removals due to the emissions level. In general,
increase the accuracy and precision of in that category to obtain the contribution the uncertainty of Chile’s NGHGI is
future inventories and to guide decisions to the total combined uncertainty. explained by the use of default emission
on the methodology selected. factors from the IPCC Guidelines of
According to this analysis the balance of 2006, more than by the uncertainty
For the analysis of Chile’s NGHGI emissions and removals of the country’s associated with the activity data.
uncertainty, the Coordinating Technical GHG presents a combined uncertainty of
Team compiled the uncertainties of -78,7 % and +79,2 %. In general terms,
emission factors, activity data and other the sectors that most contribute to the

1.7. General assessment of the same time, Chile’s NGHGI includes living biomass was included (aerial
completeness almost all categories and subcategories and underground dead biomass with
of source and sink that make up the country-specific factors). Additionally,
Completeness means that NGHGI sectors. deposits corresponding to leaf litter and
estimates have been prepared for all soil organic matter were included using
categories and gases. In case this is The categories that have been excluded, default values.
not possible, countries must enumerate either because of a lack of activity data
all categories and the categories gases or a lack of appropriate methodologies, In accordance with the requirements
that have been excluded, and provide a they have been reported using notation of the Convention and of the IPCC
justification for such exclusion. keys8 in all reporting tables of this Guidelines of 2006, GHG emissions
document. In line with the good practice generated by the use of fossil fuels for
In general, Chile’s NGHGI covers the of the IPCC Guidelines of 2006, and for international aviation and maritime
entire national territory (continental, greater transparency, ANNEX 2 lists the transportation, and CO2 emissions from
insular and Antarctic) and it includes categories identified as not estimated burnt biomass for energy purposes have
GHG emissions and removals in a (NE) and those included elsewhere (IE), been quantified and reported as Memo
complete time series that goes from which shall be prioritized -depending on items, but were not included in the
1990 to 2016. Chile’s GHG inventories a cost/benefit analysis- in future NGHGIs balance of GHG emissions and removals
included are: CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC and in order to make completeness progress. of the country.
SF6. On the other hand, the precursors
CO, NOx, NMVOC and SO2 including, Regarding carbon deposits of LULUCF
and for the first time, black carbon. At sector, in the current Chile’s NGHGI
Aserraderos Mestre - Constitución, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile
8
Notation keys are: NE = Not estimated; IE = Included elsewhere; C = Confidential; NA = Not applicable; NO = Does not occur.

2. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GASES TREND
In 2016, GHG emissions at a national accounted for 2,869.5 kt CO2 eq; and CO accounted for 963.4 kt; non-methane
level and per type were as follows: SF6 emissions accounted for 272.3 kt volatile organic compounds (NMVOCS)
net emissions9 of CO2 accounted for CO2 eq (Table 3). accounted for 364.0 kt; and finally, SO2
22,186.4 kt; CH4 emissions accounted accounted for 357.4 kt (Table 3). On the
for 562.6 kt and N2O emissions Regarding precursor gases, in 2016 other hand, black carbon emissions were
accounted for 22.8 kt. In the case of emissions throughout the country were 19.5 kt for the whole country.
fluorinated gases, emissions of HFC as follows: NOx accounted for 300.8 kt;
Santiago, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile
9
In this report, the term "net emissions" refers to the summation of GHG emissions and removals, it is also understood as "balance of GHG".

Table 3. Chile’s NGHGI: anthropogenic emissions by sources and anthropogenic removals by sinks of all GHG not controlled by
the Montreal Protocol and GHG precursors, Year 2016
Categories of source and sink of greenhouse gases Net CO2 CH4 N2O
(kt)
All national emissions and removals 22,186.4 562.6 22.8
1. Energy 84,121.0 75.5 3.8
1.A. Fuel combustion activities(Sectorial approach) 84,119.8 35.5 3.8
1.A.1. Energy industries 35,483.7 1.6 0.6
1.A.2. Manufacturing industries and construction 15,684.7 6.7 0.9
1.A.3. Transport 26,231.2 5.3 1.9
1.A.4. Other sectors 6,720.0 21.8 0.3
1.A.5. Non-specified IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE
1.B. Fugitive emissions from fuels 1.2 40.0 NA, NE
1.B.1. Solid fuels NA, NE 3.7 NA
1.B.2. Oil and natural gas. 1.2 36.3 NA, NE
1.B.3. Other emissions from energy production NE NE NE
1.C. Transportation and storage of CO2 NO
1.C.1. Transportation of CO2 NO
1.C.2. Injection and storage NO
1.C.3. Other NO
2. Industrial Processes and product use 3,322.5 0.9 1.5
2.A. Mineral industry 1,601.7
2.B. Chemical industry 263.3 0.9 1.5
2.C. Metal industry 1,327.6 IE, NO
2.D. Non-energy products from fuels and solvent use 129.9
2.E. Electronics Industry
2.F. Use of products as substitutes for ozone depleting substance NA
2.G. Other product manufacture and use NA, NE
2.H. Other
3. Agriculture 445.4 263.6 16.0
3.A. Enteric fermentation 187.3
3.B. Manure management 69.9 0.9
3.C. Rice cultivation 5.3
3.D. Agricultural soils 15.0
3.E. Prescribed burning of savannas NO
3.F. Field burning of agricultural residues 1.1 0.0
3.G. Liming 88.4
3.H. Urea application 357.0
3.I. Other carbon-containing fertilizers NO
3.J. Other NA NA NA
4. Land use, land-use change and forestry - 65,703.0 5.1 0.3
4.A. Forest land - 69,851.9 4.9 0.3
4.B. Cropland 1,549.9 0.0 0.0
4.C. Grassland 1,661.2 0.1 0.0
4.D. Wetland 20.6
4.E. Settlements 368.7
4.F. Other Land 548.6 NO NO
4.G. Collected wood products NE
4.H. Other (please specify)
5. Waste 0.5 217.5 1.2
5.A. Solid waste disposal 172.2
5.B. Biological treatment of solid waste 1.3 0.1
5.C. Incineration and open burning of waste 0.5 0.0 0.0
5.D. Wastewater treatment and discharge 44.0 1.1
5.E. Other
Anx. Memo items

Anx.1. International bunker 2,249.1 0.1 0.1
Anx.1.a. International aviation 1,479.7 0.0 0.0
Anx.1.b. International navigation 769.4 0.1 0.0
Anx.2. Multilateral operations IE IE IE
Anx.3. CO2 emissions from biomass 35,042.3
0.0 values correspond to quantities lower than 0.05; C = Confidential Information; CS = specific country; D = by Default; IE = Included elsewhere;
NA = Not applicable; NE = Not estimated; NO = Does not occur;

HFC PFC SF6 NOx CO NMVOC SO2
CO2 Equivalents (kt) (kt)
2,869.5 NA, NE, NO 272.3 300.8 963.4 364.0 357.4
288.0 811.0 254.0 357.4
285.9 794.2 248.6 357.4
104.8 52.5 0.9 119.9
98.0 143.1 66.6 88.7
64.8 313.3 138.2 114.0
18.4 285.2 43.0 34.8
IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE
2.1 16.9 5.4 NA, NE
NA NA 1.1 NA
2.1 16.9 4.3 NA, NE
NE NE NE NE
NO NO NO NO
NO NO NO NO
NO NO NO NO
NO NO NO NO
2,869.5 NA, NE, NO 272.3 5.6 NE, NO, NA 0.1 NE, NO, NA
NE NE NE NE
NO 5.6 NE 0.0 NE
NO NO NE, NO NE, NO 0.1 NE, NO
NE NE NE NE
NO NO NO
2,869.5 NE
NA, NO 272.3 NA, NE NA, NE NA, NE NA, NE
NA NA NA NA
3.8 36.3 98.8
5.3
IE NE
2.8 93.6
1.0 36.3
3.3 116.1
3.2 112.7
0.0 1.1
0.1 2.3
NO NO
0.0 0.0 11.0 0.0

10.9
NE
0.0 0.0
0.1
2.7 23.7 1.0 21.9

0.9 4.8 0.4 6.4
1.8 18.9 0.7 15.5
IE IE IE IE


In addition to the information presented balance trend (Figure 3) are the CO2 burning of fossil fuels (accounted for
on (Table 3), and to comply with emissions generated by the burning of in the Energy sector), CH4 emissions
the information requirements of the fossil fuels (accounted for in the Energy generated by livestock and N2O
Guidelines for the preparation of sector) and removals of CO2 from forest emissions generated by the application
national communications from Parties not lands (accounted for in the LULUCF of nitrogen in agricultural soils (the latter
included in annex I to the Convention, sector); the observed values out of the two accounted for in the Agriculture
Annex 3 includes the tables with GHG trend of the GHG emissions balance sector).
emissions and removals of the country (especially in 1998, 2002, 2007, 2012
for 1990, 1994, 2000, 2010, 2013 and 2015) are mainly consequences of
and 2016. In addition, Annex 4 GHG GHG emissions generated by forest fires
emissions are reported for the entire (accounted for in the LULUCF sector)
time series at a level which will allow the and the changes in the participation of
reader to understand all figures of the the main energy items consumed in the
following sections of this report. country (diesel, gasoline, natural gas
and coal).
2.1. Trends in Aggregated
GHG Emissions and Removals On the other hand, in 2016 total GHG
emissions11 in the country accounted for
In 2016, the balance of GHG 111,677.5 kt CO2 eq, increasing by
emissions10 of Chile recorded 46,185.2 114.7 % from 1990 and 7.1 % since
kt CO2 eq, increasing in a 2,262.5 % 2013 (Table 4). The main cause of the
from 1990 and a 42.5 % since 2013 trend of total GHG emissions (Figure
Conaf
(Table 4). The main cause of the GHG 4) are CO2 emissions generated by the
Table 4. Chile’s NGHGI: GHG emissions and removals (kt CO2 eq) by sector, 1990-2016 series
Sector 1990 2000 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016

1. Energy 33,679.7 52,511.9 68,623.5 79,993.7 77,417.0 83,713.4 87,135.6
2. IPPU 3,295.4 6,243.6 5,492.5 6,144.0 6,233.9 6,584.8 6,939.3
3. Agriculture 12,071.4 14,008.7 13,244.1 12,848.4 12,419.1 12,210.6 11,801.6
4. LULUCF -50,061.0 -62,676.4 -71,930.9 -71,887.5 -55,722.4 -44,972.4 -65,492.3
5. Waste 2,969.3 3,822.4 4,502.2 5,318.4 5,403.9 5,734.5 5,801.1
Balance 1,955.0 13,910.3 19,931.4 32,416.9 45,751.5 63,270.9 46,185.2
Total 52,015.9 76,586.7 91,862.3 104,304.3 101,473.9 108,243.3 111,677.5
Regarding participation in 2016 by each sector accounted for 49.2 %, followed (3.9 %), and finally the Waste sector
sector in the GHG emissions balance in by the LULUCF sector (- 37.0 %), the (3.3 %).
absolute terms12 (Figure 3), the Energy Agriculture sector (6.7 %), IPPU sector
10
The term "balance of GHG emissions" or "net emissions" refers to the summation of GHG emissions and removals, in carbon dioxide
equivalent (CO2 eq). This term includes to the LULUCF sector as a whole.
11
In the present report, the term "total GHG emissions" refers only to the summation of the national GHG emissions in carbon dioxide
equivalent (CO2 eq). This term excludes the emission sources and removal sinks of the LULUCF sector.
12
In this report, the term "absolute" refers to the magnitude of value. Its purpose is to compare the magnitudes between GHG emissions and
removals. In this regard, the values that correspond to removals shall be accompanied by a negative sign to represent their condition of sink.

Figure 3. Chile’s NGHGI: balance of GHG (kt CO2 eq) by sector, 1990-2016 series
Regarding participation of each sector 78.0 %, followed by the Agricultural This shows that, both in the balance of
in the total GHG emissions (Figure 4), sector (10.6 %), IPPU sector (6.2 %), GHG emissions and in total emissions,
The Energy sector accounted for and finally the Waste sector (5.2 %). the Energy sector is the most important.
Figure 4. Chile’s NGHGI: total GHG emissions (kt CO2 eq) by sector, 1990-2016 series
10.6%
6.2% 5.2%
78.0%

2.2. Emissions Trends by GHG country for each GHG varies according since its inclusion generates a balance
to whether it may or may not include the between GHG emissions and removals,
The trend in emissions and removals of the sources and sinks of the LULUCF sector, especially of CO2 (Table 5).
Table 5. Chile’s NGHGI: GHG emissions and removals (kt CO2 eq) by gas, 1990-2016 series
GHG emissions 1990 2000 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016

CO2 (Incl. LULUCF) - 16,787.,6 - 7,655.8 - 2,080.4 - 9,056.3 21,624.5 38,428.7 22,186.4
CO2 (excl. LULUCF) 33,490.1 55,116.9 70,137.1 81,007.7 78,032.2 84,565.5 87,889.3
CH4 (Incl. LULUCF) 13,024.9 14,681.5 13,562.8 14,265.8 14,375.3 14,684.7 14,064.3
CH4 (excl. LULUCF) 12,894.5 14,623.7 13,390.7 14,227.5 13,962.9 13,983.9 13,937.7
N2O (Incl. LULUCF) 5,656.3 6,708.6 7,206.2 6,992.8 7,181.5 7,326.4 6,792.8
N2O (excl. LULUCF) 5,569.9 6,670.2 7,091.7 6,967.2 6,908.5 6,862.8 6,708.8
Fluorinated Gases 61.3 175.9 1,242.8 2,100.3 2,567.6 2,829.5 3,141.4
HFC NO 81.9 1,000.1 1,868.1 2,337.4 2,588.8 2,869.5
PFC NO NE NE NE NE NE NE
SF6 61.3 94.1 242.7 233.8 232.9 242.3 272.3
Balance 1,955.0 13,910.3 19,931.4 32,416.9 45,751.5 63,270.9 46,185.2
Total 52.015,9 76.586,7 91.862,3 104.304,3 101.473,9 108.243,3 111.677,5
In 2016, the balance of GHG emissions GHG emission that moves the trend, as the period between 2000 and 2007.
of Chile was dominated by CO2, evidenced by the peaks (years 1998, This is due to the absorption of forest
representing a 48.0 %, followed by 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2015) and lands and a greater use of natural gas
CH4 with a 30.5 %, N2O with a 14.7 % valleys (2003, 2010) in the series. It for power generation compared to other
and fluorinated gases, which collectively is striking how the balance of CO2 is fossil fuels.
accounted for the remaining 6.8 % conducive to absorption for the early
(Figure 5). It is clear that CO2 is the years of the series (1990-1998), and for
Figure 5. Chile’s NGHGI: balance of GHG (kt CO2 eq) by gas, 1990-2016 series
14.7%
6.8%
30.5%
48.0%

In 2016, total GHG emissions were 78.7 %, followed by CH4 with a fluorinated gases that collectively
dominated by CO2, representing a 12.5 %, N2O with a 6.0 % and recorded a 2.8 % (Figure 6).
Figure 6. Chile’s NGHGI: total GHG emissions (kt CO2 eq) by gas, 1990-2016 series
2.3. Trends in Precursors In 2016, precursor emissions accounted 48.5 %, followed by a 18.3 % of
Emissions and Black Carbon for a total of 1,985.5 kt, which were NMVOCS, SO2 with a 18.0 % and then
dominated by CO, representing a NOx with a 15.1 % (Figure 7).
Figure 7. Chile’s NGHGI: precursors emissions (kt) by type, 1990-2016 series
In 2016, black carbon emissions Energy sector. The increases in years 90.7 %, followed by the LULUCF sector
accounted for 19.5 kt, increasing by 1998, 2002, 2007, 2014 and 2015 (7.5 %), the Agriculture sector (1.7 %),
71.8 % from 1990 and a 0.8 % from are due to black carbon emissions IPPU sector (0.1 %) and finally the Waste
2013. The main cause of the trend are related to forest fires. Regarding the sector which percentage of participation
the emissions associated to the use of participation of each sector (Figure 8), is marginal.
biomass for energy purposes in the the Energy sector accounted for

Figure 8. Chile’s NGHGI: black carbon emissions (kt) by sector, 1990-2016 series
2.4. GHG Intensity Indicators Bank converted to prices of 2011 in variation observed, with peaks in 1998
thousands of millions Chilean pesos, and and 2015, is mainly due to the influence
It is important for the country to manage population corresponds to INE statistics of forest fires in the balance of GHG
the information of Chile’s NGHGI based on 1992 and 2002 censuses and emissions in the country. On the other
with the purpose of understanding the population projection to 2020. hand, the indicator of GHG emissions/
evolution of GHG emissions in a broad total GDP was 0.93 t CO2 eq/MMCLP,
context. To do this, indicators have been In 2016, the balance indicator of GHG/ a decrease of 35.9 % since 1990 and
defined that relate the balance of GHG GDP ratio was 0.38 t CO2 eq/MMCLP, 9.9 % since 2007; the trend is influenced
emissions and total GHG emissions increasing by 605.0 % since 1990, but by emissions of the Energy sector that
with the Gross Domestic Product decreasing in 7.0 % since 2007, Chile’s dominates the total GHG emissions in
(GDP) and the population (per capita). base year for its contribution determined the country (Figure 9).
The GDP used is that of the Central at a national level (NDC). The interannual
Figure 9. Chile’s NGHGI: balance of GHG emissions per GDP and total GHG emissions per GDP (t CO2 eq/MMCLP), series
1990-2016
Source: own preparation by the Coordinating Technical Team of the MMA, on the basis of information from the Central Bank of Chile

In 2016, the balance indicator of GHG due to the influence of forest fires in since 2007; the trend is influenced
emissions per capita was 2.5 t CO2 eq the balance of GHG emissions in the by emissions of the Energy sector that
per capita, increasing in 1,611.4 % country. On the other hand, the indicator dominates the total GHG emissions in
from 1990 and 11.6 % since 2007. of total GHG emissions per capita was the country (Figure 10).
The interannual variation observed, with 6.1 t CO2 eq per capita, increasing
peaks in 1998 and 2015, is mainly by 55.5 % from 1990 and in 8.2 %
Figure 10. Chile’s NGHGI: balance of GHG emissions per capita and total GHG emissions per capita (t CO2 eq per capita),
series 1990-2016
Source: own preparation by the Coordinating Technical Team of the MMA, on the basis of information from the National Institute of Statistics (INE)
Shutterstock

3. ENERGY SECTOR (1)
3.1. Overview kt CO2 eq, increasing by 137.5 % Regarding the participation of each
since 1990 and 16.6 % since 2013, category, 98.9 % of GHG emissions of
The Energy sector, which includes the mainly due to the steady increase in the sector corresponds to the category
consumption of fossil fuels in the country the country's energy consumption, Fuel combustion activities and the
and their fugitive emissions associated, including the consumption of coal and remaining 1.1% to the category
is the main GHG emitter sector in the natural gas for power generation; Fugitive emissions from fuels.
country, with a 49.2 % of the balance and consumption of liquid fuels for
of GHG emissions in 2016. This year, transportation, mostly diesel and
their emissions reached 87,135.6 gasoline (Figure 11).
Figure 11. Energy Sector: GHG emissions (kt CO2 eq) by category, series 1990-2016
1.1%
98.9%
Source: Energy Technical Team of MINENERGIA
In 2016, the main GHG emitted by the 3.2. Fuel combustion activities increase in the use of liquid fuels (diesel
sector was CO2, representing a and gasoline) for road transportation.
(1.A.)
96.5 % of total GHG emissions in the Regarding power generation using coal,
sector, followed by CH4 with a 2.2 %, This category includes emissions from while in 2013 there was a decrease in
and N2O with a 1.3 %. fossil fuel burning, inside or outside of a this generation, it increased again mainly
device designed to heat, or provide heat due to fluctuations in the hydroelectric
Regarding precursor emissions, in the to a process through heat or mechanical generation, given the variability of this
last reported year they amounted to a work. type of source. Within the category, the
total of 1,710.5 kt, of which 47.4 % Energy indutries is the most important
corresponds to CO, followed in In 2016, GHG emissions accounted with a 41.5 %, followed by a 31.3 %
20.9 % by SO2, then NOx with 16.8 % for 86,133.9 kt CO2 eq, increasing by of Transport, 18.7 % of Manufacturing
and finally NMVOC with 14.9 %. On 174.1 % from 1990, and in 9.1 % since industries and construction and 8.5 % of
the other hand, black carbon emissions 2013, mainly due to the steady increase Other sectors (Figure 12).
accounted for 17.7 kt. in power generation from coal, and an

Figure 12. Fuel combustion activities: GHG emissions (kt CO2 eq) per subcategory, series 1990-2016
31.3%
8.5%
18.7%
41.5%
3.2.1. Comparison between the each category that as a whole add up to presents the smallest difference, less than
Reference approach and the Sectorial the national total Energy sector. 0.01 %. All these values are below the
Approach 5 % indicated by the IPCC Guidelines of
In general, the trend in CO2 emissions 2006 as acceptable difference between
A comparison of the CO2 emissions does not present significant differences both methods except in 2013 in which
results obtained with the Reference between both methods. Figure 13 shows the difference is due to the redefinition
approach and the Sectorial Approach the percentage of difference between the of some fuels as fuels for non-energy
allows verifying the validity of the Reference approach and the Sectorial purpose. Differences for the rest of the
calculations performed. The Reference Approach for series 1990-2016. The series are due to various considerations
approach uses the total values of energy absolutes average of these variations is in the end use and transformation of fuels
national statistics, while the Sectorial 1.7 % with an absolute maximum of such as coal, natural gas, biomass and
approach uses biased values related to 6.8 % in 2013. On the other hand, 2004 biogas.
Figure 13. Fuel combustion activities: percentage difference between CO2 emissions with the Sectorial approach and the Reference
approach, 1990-2016 series

3.2.2. Memo items CO2 Emissions from Biomass: In 2016, solid fuels and other energy industries
CO2 emissions from biomass burned for and a 1.0 % of Petroleum refining. The
In accordance with the requirements of energy purposes accounted for 35,042.3 latter reflects the fact that the power
the UNFCCC and the IPCC Guidelines kt CO2 eq, increasing by 192.0 % since generation is the largest source of GHG
of 2006, GHG emissions from fossil 1990 and decreasing by 2.4 % since emissions in the country, representing
fuel consumption in international 2013. The main cause for the increase 31.0 % of the total GHG emissions.
transportation, aerial and maritime, in firewood consumption is the sustained
and the CO2 emissions from biomass demand expansion from the residential When analyzing GHG emissions by
that is burnt with energy purposes were sector, coupled with a change in the comparing them with the curves of power
quantified, but not included in the GHG methodology of data collection activity generation (GWh) from different sources
balance of emissions and removals of since 2012 at the BNE with an increased (Figure 14), it can be noted that the
the country, reporting them separately as consumption of Pulp, paper and printing. emission peaks occur when generation
Memo items. from water source decreases, and the
3.2.3. Energy industries (1.A.1.) consumption of diesel and especially
Aerial Transportation and Bunker fuels: In coal increases, as seen in 1999,2008
2016, GHG emissions from International This subcategory considers GHG and 2012-2016. In the period
Aviation accounted for 1,492.3 kt CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels by the 1999-2005 a decrease in GHG
eq, increasing by 342.2 % since 1990, industries of energy production and fuels emissions is observed due to an increased
and a 7.7 % since 2013. This growth is extraction. consumption of natural gas, which
due directly to the increased fuel usage displaces coal and diesel consumption.
given a greater quantity of passengers The Energy Industries subcategory is Also, since 2007 the cutoff of natural
per year, according to data from the the leading emitter of the Energy sector gas supply, accompanied by a lower
Civil Aeronautics Board and the World and, in turn, is the main source of water supply due to droughts, produces
Bank. GHG emissions from International emissions at a national level. In 2016, an increase in the consumption of diesel
Navigation accounted for 777.1 kt CO2 their emissions accounted for 35,711.1 and coal, which in turn increases GHG
eq, increasing by 143.3 % since 1990 kt CO2 eq, increasing by 511.1 % since emissions, thus restarting the upward
and decreasing by 13.4 % compared to 1990 and 7.9 % since 2013. Within the trend observed between 1990 and
2013. There is a trend towards a decline subcategory, the Main activity electricity 1998.
since 2008, due to the low international and heat production is the one of the
trade that began with the economic crisis greatest importance with a 96.8 %,
of 2009. followed by 2.1 % of Manufacture of
Figure 14. Power and heat production as main activity: power generation by source type and GHG emissions (kt CO2 eq), series
1990-2016
Source: Technical Team of MINENERGIA

3.2.4. Manufacturing industries and of chemicals and different industries, 2013, mainly due to the sustained growth
construction (1.A.2.) despite the increase in the consumption in copper extraction, mostly driven by the
by mining. Within the subcategory, increase of this raw material price. 2010
This subcategory includes GHG Mining and quarrying is the most shows a trend anomaly in the emissions
emissions generated by fossil fuels important with 49.4 %, followed by of several mines, originated by the
burning in the industry, including burning 29.1 % of Non-specified industry, natural gas consumption in that sector
for power and heat generation for these 9.6 % of Pulp, paper and printing, reported at the BNE for that year. The
industries own use. 6.1 % of Non-metallic minerals, 2.1 % steady increase since 2014 in emissions
of Chemicals, 2.0 % of Food processing, of Other mining is due to the increase
In 2016, GHG emissions accounted beverages and tobacco, and 1.7 % Iron in diesel consumption for this type of
for 16,129.2 kt CO2 eq, increasing by and steel. mining. Within the subcomponents,
31.5 % since 1990 and 10.7 % since Copper is the most important with
2013. Although there is an increase In the case of Mining and quarrying, 68.9 %, followed by 23.0 % of Other
compared to the early years of the series, the 2016 GHG emissions accounted for mining, 4.9 % of Iron and 3.1 % of
there is a downward trend for the past 3 7,966.8 kt CO2 eq, increasing by Saliter (Figure 15).
years due to the decrease in production 109.7 % since 1990 and 34.5 % since
Figure 15. Mining (with the exception of fuels) and quarrying: GHG emissions (kt CO2 eq) per subcomponent, 1990-2016 series
23.0%
4.9%
3.1%
68.9%
3.2.5. Transport (1.A.3.) for 26,936.4 kt CO2 eq, increasing by Water-borne navigation 2.8 % of Other
191.8 % since 1990 and 8.4 % since type of transportation and 0.6 % of
This subcategory includes GHG 2013 (Figure 16), due to the growth of Railways. At the emissions level by fuel
emissions generated by fossil fuels the national automotive park induced type of Road transportation, diesel is the
burning in all activities of the national by population’s expansion, greater most important with 57.9 %, followed by
transportation (aerial, terrestrial, purchasing power and improvement of 42.1 % of engine gasoline.
railways, navigation, etc.), excluding the road infrastructure in the country.
military and international transportation
(maritime and aerial), which are reported Within the subcategory, Road
separately. Transportation is the most important with
87.7 % of GHG emissions, followed
In 2016, GHG emissions accounted by a 6.2 % of Civil aviation, 2.8 % of

Figure 16. Transportation: GHG emissions (kt CO2 eq) by component, 1990-2016 series
3.2.6. Other sectors (1.A.4.) followed by 25.4 % of Natural gas,

14.1 % of Biomass (includes only
This subcategory includes GHG emissions of CH4 and N2O), 6.1 % of
emissions from fossil fuels burnt in Kerosene and 0.1 % of Other fuels.
commercial and institutional buildings,
in homes and in activities related to
agriculture, forestry, fisheries and the 3.3. Fugitive emissions from
fishing industry. fuels (1.B.)
In 2016, GHG emissions accounted for All intentional or unintentional GHG
7,357.3 kt CO2 eq, increasing 79.9 % emissions are considered fugitive
since 1990 and 14.9 % since 2013, due emissions released during the extraction,
mainly to an increase in the commercial/ processing, storage and distribution of
institutional sector given the better fossil fuels.
economic conditions in the country. The
sharp increase since 2010 corresponds In 2016, GHG emissions from this
to a higher diesel consumption reported category accounted for 1,001.6 kt CO2
in the BNE that year. Later years present eq, a decrease of 55.6 % since 1990
a growth associated with increased and 5.9 % since 2013. This reduction
consumption of power, the main energy is due mainly to the fall in supply and
consumed by the commercial industry. production of natural gas and, with
respect to the early years of the series,
Within the subcategory, emissions from the decrease in coal production of
Residential component are of greater underground and superficial mining.
relevance with 58.3 % of GHG emissions, Within the category, Oil and natural
followed by 29.7 % of Commercial/ gas is of greater relevance with 90.8 %,
Institutional, and 12.0 % of Agriculture/ followed by Solid fuels with 9.2 %.
Forestry/Fisheries/Aquaculture.
Within the Residential component by

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type of fuel, Liquefied Petroleum Gas

(LPG) is the most important with 54.3 %,

4. INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND
PRODUCT USE SECTOR (2)
4.1. Overview increasing by 110.6 % since 1990 and Uses as Substitutes for Ozone Depleting
13.0 % since 2013, due to the steady Substances , followed by 23.1 % of
The IPPU sector, which includes GHG increase in the productions of iron and the Minerals Industry, 19.1 % of
emissions produced by a variety of steel, lime, cement, and the increase in the Metals Industry, 10.6 % of the
industrial activities that transform raw the use of HFC in the refrigeration system Chemical industry, 3.9 % of Manufacture
materials by chemical or physical means, (Figure 17). and use of other products and finally, 1.9
represented 3.9 % of the GHG emissions % of Non-energy products from Fuels
balance in 2016. The same year, their Regarding the categories, 41.4 % of and Solvent Use.
emissions reached 6,939.3 kt CO2 eq, GHG emissions correspond to Product
Figure 17. IPPU Sector: GHG emissions (kt CO2 eq) by category, series 1990-2016
Source: IPPU Technical Team of the MMA
In 2016, the main GHG emitted by the 4.2. Mineral industry (2.A.) in the production of cement. Within
sector was CO2, representing 47.9 % of the category, Cement production is
the total GHG emissions in the sector, This category includes CO2 emissions of greater relevance with a 55.1 %,
followed by HFC with 41.4 % and N2O related to the processes resulting from followed by 38.5 % of Lime production
with 6.5 %. SF6 amounts to 3.9 % of the the use of carbonated raw materials in and 6.4 % of Glass production.
emissions and CH4 to 0.3 %. the production and use of a variety of
industrial mineral products.
With respect to precursor emissions, the
last year reported amounted to 5.7 kt, of In 2016, GHG emissions accounted
which 97.8 % corresponds to NOx and for 1,601.7 kt CO2 eq, increasing by
2.2 % to NMVOC. On the other hand, 105.3 % since 1990, and 2.7 % since
black carbon emissions accounted for 2013, mainly due to the increase in the
less than 0.01 kt. production of lime despite the decline

4.3. Chemical industry (2.B.) 4.5. Non-energy products of 0.4 % of Solvents and 0.2 % of Other
Applications.
fuels and use of solvents (2.D.)
This category includes GHG emissions
resulting from the production of several The category includes GHG emissions
4.7. Manufacture and use of
inorganic and organic products for which that result from the first uses of fossil other products (2.G.)
the experience of several countries has fuels as products for purposes of primary
confirmed that contribute significantly to ends, except: (i) combustion for power This category includes GHG emissions for
global emission levels or national GHG purposes, and (ii) the use as a feeding the use of SF6, PFC and N2O in different
emissions. substance of processes, or as a reducing applications based on the different
agent. physical properties of these substances,
In 2016, GHG emissions accounted for such as high dielectric constant of SF6,
738.3 kt CO2 eq, a decrease of In 2016, GHG emissions accounted for PFCs stability and the anesthetic effects
22.5 % since 1990 and 3.2 % since 129.9 kt CO2 eq, increasing by of N2O.
2013. This is due to the sharp decline in 72.9 % since 1990, but decreasing in
the production of methanol, associated 8.5 % since 2013, due to the decrease In 2016, GHG emissions accounted
with the decrease in the supply of natural in stocks of this type of product. Within for 272.3 kt CO2 eq, increasing by
gas, the main inputof the industry and the category, the Use of lubricants is of 344.0 % since 1990 and 16.4 % since
the incorporation of N2O abatement greater relevance with 92.3 %, while 2013, due to the increase in emissions
systems in the nitric acid industry since Use of paraffin wax contributes with the from Electrical equipment, the only
2007. Within the category, the Nitric remaining 7.7 %. subcategory posted.
acid production is of greater relevance
with a 61.3 %, followed by 38.7 %
of Petrochemical and Carbon Black 4.6. Product uses as
production.
substitutes for ozone depleting
substances (2.F.)
4.4. Metal industry (2.C.)
This category includes gases of the
hydrofluorocarbons families (HFCs) and
perfluorocarbons (PFCs) which have
resulting from the production of metals
a high greenhouse gas effect. HFCs
such as iron and steel, ferro-alloys, lead,
and, to a very limited extent PFCs,
zinc, aluminum, etcetera.
serve as alternatives to ozone depleting
substances (ODS) which are being
In 2016, GHG emissions accounted
withdrawn from circulation under the
for 1,327.6 kt CO2 eq, a decrease of
Montreal Protocol.
6.9 % since 1990 and 15.8 % since
2013, due to the fall of iron and steel
In 2016, GHG emissions accounted for
production in the country associated with
2,869.5 kt CO2 eq, increasing by
the price of these metals. Towards 2016,
53.6 % since 2013, due to the abrupt
Iron and steel production is the sole
increase since 1999 of HFC consumption
emitter considered in this category as of
for cooling and air-conditioning.
2016. With regard to the production of
Within the category, emissions from
ferroalloys, these are not estimated since
the subcategory Refrigeration and air
2014 due to the absence of activity data.
conditioning are of greater relevance
The trend in the production suggests
with 95.9 %, followed by 2.0 %
that this activity is not conducted in the
of Fire protection, 0.9 % of Foam
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country.
Blowing Agents, 0.6 % of Aerosols,

5. AGRICULTURE SECTOR (3)
5.1. Overview of cattle and sheep (animal population fermentation, followed by Agricultural
responsible for more than 60 % of total soils with 38.0 %, 17.1 % for Manure
The Agriculture sector, which includes emissions from the sector) that has been management, 3.0 % for Urea application,
GHG emissions associated with recorded during the last decade. This 1.1 % for Rice cultivation, 0.7 % for
agricultural activities, represented 7.2 % is in spite of the steady increase shown Liming and 0.3 % corresponding to Field
of the GHG emissions balance in 2016. by swine and poultry, and the use of burning of agricultural residues.
In the same year, its emissions reached nitrogen fertilizers (Figure 18).
11,801.6 kt CO2 eq, a decrease of
2.2 % since 1990 and 8.1 % since With regard to categories, 39.7 % of
2013, largely due lower population GHG emissions correspond to Enteric
Figure 18. Agriculture Sector: GHG emissions (kt CO2 eq) by category, series 1990-2016
Source: Agriculture Technical Equipment of MINAGRI
In 2016, the main GHG emitted by the 5.2. Enteric fermentation a fall in the population of cattle, sheep,
sector was CH4 representing 55.8 % (3.A.) goats and horses, which together account
of total GHG emissions in the sector, for 97.1 % of the category’s emissions.
followed by N2O with 40.4 % and CO2 This category includes CH4 emissions Within the category, Cattle accumulates
with 3.8 %. from herbivores as a by-product of the most of the emissions, representing
enteric fermentation. Ruminants are 85.9 % of the category, followed by
With respect to precursor emissions, a important sources while non-ruminants Sheep with 7.6 %, Other species with
total of 138.9 kt were reported in the produce moderate amounts. 4.0 % and Swine with 2.4 %.
last year, 71.1 % of which correspond
to NMVOCS, followed by CO with In 2016, GHG emissions from this
26.1 % and NOx with 2.7 %. On the category accounted for 4,682.0 kt CO2
other hand, black carbon emissions eq, a decrease of 14.7 % since 1990
accounted for 0.3 kt. and 11.5 % since 2013, due mainly to

5.3. Manure management 5.5. Agricultural soils (3.D.) 5.6. Field burning of
(3.B.) agricultural residues (3.F.)
This category includes direct and indirect
This category includes CH4 and N2O emissions of N2O generated from the
This category includes CH4 and N2O
emissions of manure decomposition surface of soils as a result of microbial
emissions generated by biomass burning
under conditions of low oxygen or processes associated to the application
of agricultural waste at cropland.
anaerobic conditions. These conditions of nitrogen in the form of synthetic and
often occur when handling large numbers organic fertilizers; urine and manure
In 2016, GHG emissions from this
of animals in a confined area, in which deposited by grazing animals; crop
category accounted for 34.8 kt CO2
manure is usually stored in large piles, waste; mineralization/immobilization of
eq, a decrease of 76.6 % since 1990
eliminated in lagoons or in other types of nitrogen linked to the gain/loss of soil
and 25.8 % since 2013, due to the
manure management systems. organic matter resulting from land-use
prohibition and regularization of this
change or management of mineral soils,
practice. Additionally, there has been a
In 2016, the GHG emissions from this and drainage/management of organic
change in the use of agricultural waste,
category accounted for 2,022.1 kt CO2 soils (histosols).
which are mostly used to feed animals,
eq, increasing by 32.9 % since 1990
baled or incorporated in the soil. Within
and decreasing 5.9 % since 2013. In 2016, GHG emissions from this
the category, emissions of Cereals and
Despite the growth of swine and poultry category accounted for 4,483.6
other crops are the most important
population, the decrease in emissions kt CO2 eq, a decrease of 1.4 % since
representing 58.7 % of the category,
over the past few years is due to the low 1990 and 5.5 % since 2013. As in
while Fruit represents 41.3 %.
cattle population. Within the category, the emission sources that have to do
Swine accumulates most of the emissions, with cattle, there has been a decrease
representing 52.7 % of the subcategory, in emissions due to the decreased
followed by cattle with 36.2 %, 7.5 % population of livestock. This decrease
for Indirect emissions of N2O resulting in emissions has been offset by the use
from manure management, 3.0 % for of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers that have
Other Species and 0.5 % for Sheep. presented a significant increase of 163.2
% since 1990.
5.4. Rice cultivation (3.C.)
Within the category, Direct Emissions
This category includes emissions of of N2O from agricultural soils represent
CH4 by the anaerobic decomposition of 82.9 % of the emissions, while indirect
organic material in flooded rice paddies. emissions of N2O from agricultural
N2O emissions due to the use of nitrogen- soils represent 17.1 %. On the other
based fertilizers in rice cultivation are hand, within the emissions (both direct
reported in agricultural soils. and indirect) of the category it can be
noted that the source urine and manure
In 2016, GHG emissions from this deposited in pastures, meadows and
category accounted for 133.7 kt CO2 paddocks represents 42.7 %, followed
eq, a decrease of 18.6 % since 1990 by 30.3 % of synthetic fertilizers, 16.9 %
and an increase of 26.4 % since 2013. of animal manure, compost, sludge and
This change in the trend of rice cultivation other and finally, 10.1 % of agricultural
is directly related with the international waste.
price of cultivation and production by the
international competitors, which results
in a high interannual variability of area
sown, so there is a great variability in
emissions within the time series.

5.7. Liming (3.G.) been applied are stabilized, decreasing decreasing 10.8 % since 2013. This
the need for high annual applications, case is similar to that of liming, which
This category includes the CO2 and also the increase in price during for several years had a sustained and
emissions generated by the use of lime in the last years of these products at an considerate increase, but has declined in
agricultural soils, soils from sustainably international level. recent years due to the fact that in several
managed forests or lakes. agricultural crops the application doses
5.8. Urea application (3.H.) have decreased, generating a lower
In 2016, GHG emissions from this demand for the product. Additionally,
category accounted for 88.4 kt CO2 This category includes the CO2 emissions the development of country-specific
eq, increasing by 187.0 % from 1990 generated by the application of urea in emission factors, lower than the default
and decreasing by 18.9 % since 2013. agricultural soils and forestry. value recommended by IPCC for certain
The increase is due to the sustained regions of the country, has resulted in an
growing demand of calcite until 2011. In 2016, emissions for this category emissions reduction.
The further decline in demand is because accounted for 357.0 kt CO2 eq,
the soils where dolomite or calcite has increasing by 110.4 % since 1990 and
Huasco, Amelia Ortúzar - Imagen de Chile

6. LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE
AND FORESTRY SECTOR (4) 13
6.1. Overview and removals reached -65,492.3 kt affect GHG balance (Figure 19).
CO2 eq, increasing its status as a sink in
The LULUCF sector, which includes GHG 30.8 % since 1990, and decreasing it With respect to GHG emissions and
emissions and removals associated by 8.9 % since 2013. This is due to the removals in absolute terms by category,
with silvicultural activities and land-use effect of the emissions caused by forest -94.4 % corresponds to Forest land,
change, is the only sector that consistently fires, because although the increase in followed by 2.3 % of Grassland, 2.1%
absorbs CO2 in the country, making biomass and harvest are stable for this of Cropland, 0.7 % of Other land,
of it the most relevant for its mitigation period, fires in recent years of the series 0.5 % by Settlements and finally, 0.03 %
potential. This sector represented have been greater causing a balance corresponding to Wetlands.
-37.0 % of the GHG emissions balance less conducive to absorption. This
in 2016. In the same year, its emissions demonstrates how forest fires adversely
Figure 19. LULUCF Sector: GHG emissions and removals (kt CO2 eq) by category, series 1990-2016
0.5% 0.7%
0.0%
2.3%
2.1%
94.4%
Source: Technical Team of LULUCF MINAGRI
In 2016, the main GHG emissions and year, 97.2 % of which corresponds
removals in absolute terms was CO2, to NOx and 2.8 % to CO, and black
representing -99.7 % of the sector, carbon emissions accounted for 1.5 kt.
followed by CH4 with 0.2 % and N2O
with 0.1 %.
With respect to precursor emissions, a

total of 119.4 kt was reported the last
Oasis de Pica, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile
13
In this report, the term "absolute" refers to the magnitude of value. Its purpose is to compare the magnitudes between GHG emissions and
removals. In this regard, the values that correspond to removals shall be accompanied by a negative sign to represent their quality of sink.

6.2. Forest land (4.A.) since 1990, and decreasing it in 8.5 % is the only land use that presents the
since 2013 (Figure 20). The increase in status of sink in its CO2 balance, while
This category includes GHG emissions the sink condition during the 1990-2016 the other land uses are net GHG emitters
and removals generated as a result time series is mainly due to the increase (Figure 20).
of changes in biomass, dead organic of forestry plantation; of the biomass in
matter and soil carbon in Forest land that seedlings of native forests, and native At a subcategory level, Forest land
remain as such and in Land converted to forest under management plans. While remaining forest land contribute with
forest land. in the same period emissions increase -62,2 % to the CO2 net balance, and
- due to the increase in harvest and Land converted to forest land with
In 2016, the balance of GHG emissions firewood consumption - the increase in -37,8 %.
recorded -69.646.6 kt CO2 eq, removals is greater compared to the
increasing its status as sink in 20.0 % sector’s emissions. This way, Forest land
Figure 20. Forest land: GHG emissions and removals (kt CO2 eq) per subcategory, series 1990-2016
Source: LULUCF Technical Team of MINAGRI
At a component level within this

category, the ones contributing with
a greater amount in removals are
the native forest through the increase
of biomass in Second-growth forest,
National parks and reserves, and forests
with Management plans (-19.7 %;
-8.2 % and -5.1 % respectively), followed
by tree plantations that contribute both
Chiloé, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile
to the increase of biomass in forest

lands remaining forest land, as in land
converted to forest land with -19.2 %
and -10.7 % respectively. Emissions of
greater importance come from Harvest
with 26.8 %, followed by Firewood with
7.7 % and Disturbances and Controlled
burning of forest residues with 1.4 %
(Figure 21).

Figure 21. Forest land: GHG emissions and removals (kt CO2 eq) by its main subcomponents, 1990-2016 series
Source: LULUCF Technical Team of MINAGRI
Wildfires have an important effect on the and 2015 more than 60,000 hectares impact on the net balance of GHG
trends in GHG emissions and removals. have been affected by fires, with an emissions.
Figure 22 shows that in the years 1998
Figure 22. Wildfires in forest land remaining forest land: annual area affected by fires (ha) and CO2 emissions (kt CO2 eq), series
1990-2016
Source: Technical Team of LULUCF MINAGRI

Conaf
6.3. Cropland (4.B.) In 2016, the GHG emissions balance 6.6. Settlements (4.E.)
accounted for 1,665.5 kt CO2 eq, a
This category includes CO2 emissions decrease of 74.9 % since 1990 and This category includes GHG emissions
and removals of generated in arable increasing by a 1.9 % since 2013, and removals generated in land where
and plowable land, rice fields and due to the decrease of land converted there are human settlements, urban areas
agroforestry systems, where the to grassland. Within the category, and infrastructure, unless it has already
vegetation structure is below the 99.7 % corresponds to Land converted been included in other categories.
thresholds used for Forest land and it is to grassland and the remaining 0.3 % to
not expected that they exceed them in Grassland remaining grassland. In 2016, the balance of GHG emissions
the future. accounted for 368.7 kt CO2 eq,
6.5. Wetland (4.D.) increasing by 35.5 % since 1990
In 2016, the CO2 balance accounted decreasing by 1.2 % since 2013. Within
for 1,551.0 kt CO2 eq, increasing by This category includes GHG emissions the category, 100 % corresponds to Land
144.5 % since 1990, but decreasing in and removals generated in land covered converted to settlements.
3.3 % since 2013. The trend towards or saturated by water most of the year.
growth undergoes a turning point since It includes reservoirs as a managed
2009, due to the decrease in lands subdivision, and natural rivers and lakes
6.7. Other land (4.F.)
that are passed to cultivation. Within as unmanaged subdivisions. Wetland
the category, 99.9 % corresponds to include all kinds of land that are covered
and removals generated in areas of
Land converted to cropland, followed or saturated by waters all year round
bare soil, rock, ice and all areas of
by 0.1 % corresponding to Cropland or most of it, that do not fall within the
unmanaged lands that do not belong to
remaining cropland. categories of Forest land, Cropland or
any of the other five categories.
grassland. The inventory includes only
6.4. Grassland (4.C.) the land converted to wetland.
In 2016, the balance of GHG emissions
accounted for 548.6 kt CO2 eq,
This category includes GHG emissions In 2016, the balance of GHG emissions
increasing by 60.2 % since 1990 and
and removals generated in land that accounted for 20.6 kt CO2 eq, a decrease
decreasing by 1.4 % since 2013. Within
are not considered arable land or forest of 82.4 % since 1990 which remains
the category, 100 % corresponds to Land
land, and all the grassland of wild unchanged since 2013, due to the
converted to other land.
land for recreational areas, as well as decrease of land converted to wetland.
agricultural systems and silvopasture Within the category, 100 % corresponds
according to national definitions. to Land converted to wetland.

7. WASTE SECTOR (5)
7.1. Overview represented 3.3 % of the GHG emissions With regard to categories, 74.2 % of
balance in 2016. In the same year, its GHG emissions correspond to the Solid
The Waste sector, which includes the emissions reached 5,801.1 kt CO2 eq, waste disposal, followed by 24.7 % of
GHG emissions from microbiological increasing by 95.4 % since 1990 and Wastewater treatment and discharge,
processes that occur in the organic 9.1 % since 2013, due to the increase 1.0 % of Biological treatment of solid
matter of solid waste under anaerobic in population and their generated waste waste and finally, 0.01 % of Incineration
degradation, and the anaerobic treatment (Figure 23). and open burning of waste.
of domestic and industrial wastewater
Figure 23. Waste Sector: GHG emissions (kt CO2 eq) by category, series 1990-2016
0.0%
1.0%
24.7%
74.2%
Source: Waste Technical Team of the MMA
In 2016, the main GHG emitted by the 7.2. Solid waste disposal (5.A.) reduction in the trend which is due to
sector was CH4, representing 93.7 % of the CH4 recovery in some landfills in
GHG emissions in the sector, followed by This category includes CH4 emissions in the country; however, the total CH4
N2O with 6.3 % and CO2 with less than the treatment and disposal of municipal that is recovered in Chile has declined,
0.01 %. solid waste, industrial and others, which attributed to the drop in the price of
are eliminated on solid waste disposal carbon credits generated by the projects
Additionally, in the last year reported, the sites (SWDS). of the Clean Development Mechanism.
precursor emissions were dominated by Within the category, Managed waste
NMVOC, representing 99.9 %, which In 2016, GHG emissions accounted disposal sites (landfills) is the most
is equivalent to 11.0 kt. The remaining for 4,305.3 kt CO2 eq, increasing important with 74.2 %, followed by
percentage is composed of NOX, CO by 88.1 % since 1990 and 12.3 % 21.4 % of Uncategorized waste disposal
and SO2. On the other hand, black since 2013, due to population growth. sites (dump) and 4.4 % of Unmanaged
carbon emissions were marginal. Between 2006 and 2010 there is a waste disposal sites (open dump).

7.3. Biological treatment of 7.4. Incineration and open in anaerobic means, such as domestic
burning of waste (5.C.) wastewater, commercial and industrial,
solid waste (5.B.)
and which can be treated on site (not
This category includes GHG emissions collected), transferred through the
This category includes the GHG
resulting from combustion of solid and sewerage service to a central facility
emissions of the processes that affect
liquid waste without energy recovery, (collected), or eliminated without
the amount and composition of waste,
while open incineration of waste mainly treatment in the vicinity or by means of
such as compost manufacture and
addresses the combustion of unwanted drains.
anaerobic digestion of organic waste.
These processes allow the reduction in materials, so that smoke and other
emissions are released directly into the In 2016, GHG emissions accounted
volume, stabilization of the residue, and
air or through incineration devices that for 1,435.3 kt CO2 eq, increasing by
destruction of pathogens. In addition,
do not control the combustion air. 116.3 % since 1990 and 0.8 % since
in the case of digestion, it allows the
2013, due to the increase in population
production of biogas for energy use. In
In 2016, GHG emissions accounted and coverage of the network of domestic
the case of composting, the end product
for 0.5 kt CO2 eq, increasing by water treatment. Although an increase is
can be used as fertilizer and compost in
29,574.2 % since 1990 and 55.6 % identified in recent years of the series,
soils, or being eliminated in SDRS.
since 2013, due to the increasing this is not in line with population growth
amount of hospital waste incinerated. due to increased burning of methane
In 2016, GHG emissions accounted
recovered. Within the category, Domestic
for 59.9 kt CO2 eq, increasing by
wastewater treatment and discharge is
251.7 % since 1990 and decreasing
7.5. Wastewater treatment the almost unique emitter, with 98.9 % of
1.8 % since 2013, without major
changes in trend over the past few years and discharge (5.D.) participation, while Industrial wastewater
treatment and discharge amounts only to
since the quantity of composting plants
This category includes GHG emissions of 1.1 %.
has been maintained.
the treatment or disposal of wastewater
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8. RECALCULATIONS
The methodological changes and the Report were prepared according to decrease of 116.1 % for 2013, the last
refinement of activity data are an the IPCC Guidelines of 2006. For the comparable year (Table 6 and Figure 24).
essential part of the improvement of preparation of the present Chile’s This is mainly attributed to an increase
NGHGIs quality; but when this occurs, NGHGI, new sources of information in removals of the category Forest land
it is required to recalculate the entire along with their respective refinement of the LULUCF sector, which included
time series to ensure consistency. Then have been sought in all sectors. In new carbon sinks and also assumptions
it will justify the new calculations and addition, new country-specific emission and related values were refined. While
its implications for GHG emissions and factors were developed in the sectors the other sectors of Chile’s NGHGI
removals of the country. of IPPU and Agriculture, and new show variations, changes in Forest land
sources and sinks were incorporated are equivalent to magnitudes of GHG
8.1. Chile’s NGHGI in Agriculture and LULUCF causing emissions that noticeably have an impact
recalculations differences between the magnitudes of on the general trend. Additionally, it is
previously reported GHG emissions. important to mention that the change
Both the current Chile’s NGHGI of GWP (previously based on the SAR
(INGEI2018, series 1990-2016) and In general, the balance of GHG emissions values and now based on the AR4
the previous (INGEI2016 series, 1990- of INGEI2018 shows an average values) causes an increase in the value
2013), which was submitted by the decrease between 1990 and 2013 of of the emissions when taking them to
country to the United Nations in 2016 18,653.2 kt CO2 eq, in comparison CO2 equivalent.
as a part of its Second Biennial Update to the INGEI2016 thus generating a
Table 6. Recalculations: comparison of the GHG balances (kt CO2 eq) of INGEI2018 (1990-2016 series) and INGEI2016
(1990-2013 series)
INGEI 1990 2000 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016

INGEI2016 8,006.8 29,101.5 48,719.9 70,054.4
INGEI2018 1,955.0 13,910.3 19,931.4 32,416.9 45,751.5 63,270.9 46,185.2
Difference -6,051.9 -15,191.2 -28,788.6 -37,637.6
Difference % -309.6% -109.2% -144.4% -116.1%
Fuente: Equipo Técnico Coordinador del MMA
Shutterstock

Figure 24. Recalculations: comparison of the GHG balances (kt CO2 eq) of INGEI2018 (1990-2016 series) and INGEI2016
(1990-2013 series)
8.2. Recalculations in the significant decrease in emissions is transportation. For 2013, there is a
Energy sector shown. 2013, the last comparable year, significant difference with respect to
shows a decrease in GHG emissions of INGEI2016 mainly due to corrections in
GHG emissions of the Energy sector 5,081.7 kt CO2 eq which is equivalent the consumption of electricity generation
(Figure 25) in the INGEI2018 presented to 6.4 %. This decrease is linked with the from coal and the reallocation of natural
an average decrease between 1990 modification performed on the National gas consumption at refineries. The slight
and 2013 of -103,8 kt CO2 eq (less Energy Balance (BNE) for series 2010- increase in emissions for the first years of
than 1 %) in comparison to INGEI2016. 2015, which main consequence was the the series is due to the change of GWP
Although there is no evidence of greater relocation of certain energy consumption, and the increase in this value for CH4.
changes in the trend, since 2010 a with special effect on refinery and road
Figure 25. Recalculation: comparison of GHG emissions in the energy sector (kt CO2 eq) INGEI2018 (1990-2016 series) and
INGEI2016 (1990-2013 series)

8.3. Recalculations in the IPPU is primarily attributed to the improved activity data for this category. Other
sector methodology for estimating emissions of changes, which in summary do not
the Nitric acid production subcategory, alter the trend, were improvement of
In the IPPU sector (Figure 26), GHG by incorporating an emission factor methodology for estimating Iron and
emissions in the INGEI2018 presented that considers technologies of N2O steel emissions, changes in activity data
an average decrease of 213.5 kt CO2 abatement despite the increase in for Lime production and for Methanol
eq compared to INGEI2016. Although emissions from the Product uses and Ethylene production.
there are no major changes in the trend, as substitutes for ozone depleting
differences increased since 2007. This substances category to the change in
Figure 26. Recalculation: comparison of GHG emissions in the IPPU sector (kt CO2 eq) INGEI2018 (1990-2016 series) and
INGEI2016 (1990-2013 series)
8.4. Recalculations in the of CH4. Particularly, an improvement in factors used in the INGEI2016 series.
Agriculture sector the disaggregation of cattle population, In addition, new species of livestock
evidencing a decrease of the whole were added (warthog, deer and emus)
GHG emissions of the Agriculture sector population, particularly of dairy cows. In and new components to the calculation
(Figure 27) presented an average addition, new country-specific emission of emissions that are related to organic
increase in the INGEI2018 of 126.0 kt factors were developed for cattle, soils (histosols). Regarding the GWP,
CO2 eq compared to the INGEI2016, both for enteric fermentation and CH4 given the increase in the potential of
thus generating a 6.9 % decrease for emissions for manure management, CH4, the main GHG emitted by this
2013, the last comparable year. The moving from fixed factors to dynamic sector, the decrease due to changes in
difference in the series is attributed to factors (i.e. regional and annually the population and new factors is not
three situations: improvements in the change throughout the entire time series); apparent, which would explain the slight
management of activity data and emission emission factors for CH4 also improved average rise of the series.
factors; inclusion of new emission in the management of swine manure,
sources; and the change in the GWP with a slight decrease with respect to the

Figure 27. Recalculation: comparison of GHG balances of the Agriculture sector (kt CO2 eq) INGEI2018 (1990-2016 series) and
INGEI2016 (1990-2013 series)
8.5. Recalculations in the in the management of activity data, new is extended to perpetuity; reconstruction
LULUCF sector carbon sinks were included and new of the time series of the forest species
country-specific emission factors were Eucalyptus nitens; the incorporation
The balance of GHG emissions from developed. of fuelwood consumption of exotic
the LULUCF sector (Figure 28) in the species; the incorporation of the carbon
INGEI2018 presents an average More specifically, changes with the reservoir in the soil and litter, according
increase between 1990 and 2013 in greatest effect are: the incorporation to the IPCC Guidelines of 2006; more
the absorption of 19,085.6 kt CO2 of parks and reserves as forests under detailed information for wildfires; and
eq in comparison to the INGEI2016, management; the redefinition of the parametric data on growth by forest
which led to a favorable increase in the equilibrium status of second-growth type with greater accuracy. This causes
absorption of 44.6 % for 2013, the last forest, which changed from 50 cm to 60 an increase in net removals of the sector
comparable year. The difference in the cm of mean quadratic diameter14; the ranging from 30,000 to 40,000 kt CO2
series is attributed to the fact that the redefinition of the permanence period annual average for the entire series.
sector made a number of improvements of forests with management plans, which
Parque Bicentenario, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile
14
This was analyzed by a group of experts of the sector and it was demonstrated with data from the National Forest Inventory prepared by
INFOR that the growth of these forests extends up to 60 cm of mean quadratic diameter.

Figure 28. Recalculation: comparison of GHG emissions balance of the LULUCF sector (kt CO2 eq) INGEI2018 (1990-2016
series) and INGEI2016 (1990-2013 series)
8.6. Recalculations in the last comparable year, an increase of an improvement of the parameter that
Waste sector 15.8 %. The difference in the series is refers to the degree of use of water
mainly attributed to the increase in the treatment systems for each income group
GHG emissions in INGEI2018 for the value of the GWP of CH4. In addition, and additionally, changes in the source
Waste sector (Figure 29), presented an there is a variation in emissions due of information to obtain data on CH4
average increase of 623.7 kt CO2 eq to the data handling of the Domestic recovery from wastewater treatment
per year compared to the INGEI2016. wastewater treatment and disposal plants.
This represents for 2013, which is the subcategory, specifically associated to
Figure 29. Recalculation: comparison of GHG emissions of the Waste sector (kt CO2 eq) INGEI2018 (1990-2016 series) and
INGEI2016 (1990-2013 series)
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
kt CO2 eq
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
14
15
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
91
90
92
93
94
16
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
20
Difference INGEI2016 INGEI2018 Lineal (difference)

General
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CONAF. (S.f). Agricultural burning permits granted. Department of Fire Management of CONAF.
Consorcio Lechero S.A., FIA, INIA. (2016). Permanent grassland at the dairy zones of Chile.
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ticas-del-sector/estadisticas-productivas
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catastro-viticola-nacional
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McGraw-Hill, Boston, United States.

Mirador Wulaia hacia canal Beagle, Felipe Gera Malgor - Imagen de Chile
III.
GREENHOUSE GAS
MITIGATION POLICIES
AND ACTIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
The increase in global temperature sources or enhance sinks of greenhouse change has the characteristics of a
observed strongly correlates to increased gases (IPCC WG3, 2014). collective action problem at a global
concentrations of greenhouse gases in scale, since most of the greenhouse gas
the atmosphere, therefore, reducing According to the Fifth Assessment (GHG) emissions accumulate over time
emissions of this type of gases or increase Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental and combine globally, and emissions
their capture becomes critical to deal Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an generated by any agent (e.g., individuals,
with this problem. Within the context of effective mitigation will not be achieved communities, companies or countries)
climate change, mitigation is understood if the different agents prioritize their affect the other agents. Therefore, there
as a human intervention to reduce the own interests independently. Climate is a need for international cooperation to
effectively mitigate GHG emissions and
address other issues of climate change
(IPCC WG3, 2014).
The importance of mitigation within

the context of climate change lies
not only in the net reduction of GHG
emissions to the atmosphere, but also
in the benefits that mitigation actions
involve, often contributing directly to
improvements in production processes,
better planning, energy savings among
others. Highlighting such benefits is key
for the design of new policies to enable
developing countries to increase their
level of ambition with a vision of meeting
the temperature objectives agreed under
the Paris Agreement.
This chapter provides information

on policies and mitigation actions
developed in Chile explaining how
these have been developed from the
various sectorial contexts, and analyzes
the new challenges found. This chapter
is built on the basis of information
collected with the different sectors that
contribute to mitigation in Chile either
through projects, actions or policies
and generally reflects how this area has
developed in the country.

2. INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT:
THE PARIS AGREEMENT
In 2011 the Parties to the UNFCCC of the century (compared to pre-industrial

launched the Durban Platform for levels) and increase the effort to keep it
Enhanced Action (ADP)1, an instance to even below 1.5°C. Regarding mitigation,
increase the ambition of global response it summons all the Parties to address
to climate change and which purpose their best efforts in their corresponding
was to define a new protocol or other national contributions, and it establishes
legal instrument to be applied to all that countries must report regularly their
Parties, allowing the achievement of the emissions and their efforts to implement
ultimate objective of the UNFCCC and measures, and every five years it
the global goal of limiting the increase in is expected that they communicate
average temperature of the planet to no new mitigation goals, which in every
more than 2 °C, the goal defined at 15th opportunity must represent a progress in
Session of the Conference of the Parties relation to the earlier commitment.
(COP15) in Copenhagen in 20092.
After the Agreement took effect and in
The ADP represented a fundamental view to its implementation starting in
change with respect to the previous 2020, work has been made in different
framework defined by the UNFCCC priorities during the negotiating sessions
and Kyoto Protocol: now not only of the Convention:
Parque Karukinka reserva natural privada Tierra del fuego, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile
developed countries would have legal
duties to reduce their GHG emissions,
but all Parties would be summoned to
contribute and would have legal duties to • definition and adoption of rules for
reduce their emissions. The new binding the application and follow-up of the
Paris Agreement commitments;
instrument to limit global GHG emissions
was adopted at the 21st Session of the
Conference of the Parties (COP21) in • implementation by each country
December 2015, known as the Paris and with international support in
the case of developing countries, of
Agreement. public policies that allows to achieve
the commitments adopted in each
The Paris Agreement, ratified by Chile national contribution;
in February 2017, involves all parties
for the first time in the common cause of • start-up of the pre-2020 commitments
fighting climate change and adapting that would strengthen the ambition
to its effects. Its main objective is to and prepare for fulfillment of the
strengthen the global response to the commitments undertaken, particularly
after a first global balance in 2018,
climate change threat, for which it on the basis of the scientific reports,
proposes a limit of global temperature particularly on the limit of +1.5°C3.
increase of less than 2°C toward the end
1
United Nations, "News of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action". Retrieved from http://unfccc.int/portal_
espanol/newsletter/items/6753.php.
2
UNFCCC "Copenhagen Climate Change Conference", December 2009. Retrieved from http://unfccc.int/meetings/copenhagen_dec_2009/
meeting/6295.php.
3
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/es/asuntos-globales/cambio-climatico/eventos/article/acuerdo-de-paris-compendio-sobre-el-proceso-de-
ratificacion

3. CHILE FACED TO MITIGATION
The UNFCCC, entered in force since this Protocol, but it can participate in strengthen and formalize the institutional
March 1994, is the international the flexible mechanisms that set the framework on climate change policy,
framework within which it is intended to Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) adopt and implement a set of national
stabilize GHG emissions to avoid negative particularly. climate change policies, and implement
and unmanageable consequences in a monitoring and evaluation framework
the climate system. One of the guiding Within the international context, Chile for adaptation and mitigation policies.
principles of this Convention is "common is not a GHG relevant emitter. Its
but differentiated responsibilities and contribution to the total global emissions In relation to the last BUR of 2016,
respective capabilities", in other words, is approximately 0.25% as of 2015. The significant progress in mitigation policies
the need for all parties to address the global average of CO2 emissions is 4.4 have been made given the greater
problem but differentiating the efforts tonnes per person (tCO2/pp) for that sectorial involvement. This has allowed
to leave in the hands of developed same year and according to estimates by the development of new public policies
countries the greatest responsibility the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, aimed at supporting the reduction of
to reduce emissions, in addition to Chile exceeds by very little that figure GHG emissions. In addition, the growing
support developing and least-developed with 4.7 tCO2/pp, and is far below the involvement of the private sector will
countries to grow in a sustainable way. average of OECD countries, which is 9.2 enable the implementation of concrete
All the Parties should report their efforts tCO2/pp (IEA, 2015). actions that will lead the country to comply
to implement the Convention through a with their commitments and increase
National Communication. The OECD in its environmental assessment their ambition. The announcement of the
of Chile in 20164, points out that given preparation of a law of climate change
In 2002, Chile ratified the Kyoto the growth of GHG emissions in the and the development of a strategy to
Protocol, which entered in force only in country in recent years, it is expected 2050, undertake the creation of new
2005. This instrument establishes that that these will continue to increase. For management tools that allow the country
the countries listed in Annex I of the this reason, it indicates that in order to to take a sustainable and low in emissions
UNFCCC must comply with a reduction fulfill its commitment of reducing by 30% path, an effort that will be in line with
percentage with respect to 1990. As the intensity of its emissions to 2030 the international objectives signed in the
Chile belongs to the group of developing (see 3.2), it is crucial that the policies Paris Agreement.
countries Non-Annex I, has no binding of all emitting sectors are aligned with
commitments to reduce emissions under mitigation. Consequently, it proposed to
Canto del Agua, Amelia Ortúzar - Imagen de Chile
4
http://www.oecd.org/chile/oecd-environmental-performance-reviews-chile-2016-9789264252615-en.htm

3.1. Chile´s Voluntary Pledge officially reported to the UNFCCC Communication, and the expectations
20/20 for GHG emission Secretariat through Chile’s national focal of economic growth defined in 2012
point, represented by the Ministry of toward 2020.
mitigation Foreign Affairs, on August 23, 20105.
In order to compare the MAPS vision
With the purpose of achieving a new
The voluntary pledge argues that with the new and better information
agreement on long-term cooperation
"Chile will take nationally appropriate raised by the subsequent processes
between the Parties, in 2009, The
mitigation actions to achieve a 20 % of the inventory update, a simplified
Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC
deviation below the business as usual version of the model was capable of
COP15 took place in Copenhagen.
emissions growth trajectory by 2020, collecting these changes. This version
At that instance, the minister president
as projected from year 2007", and that keeps the expectations of economic
of Chile's National Environmental
"in order to achieve this goal, Chile will development defined in phase 1 MAPS,
Commission (CONAMA), an institution
require a relevant level of international but it uses as the basis of emissions
that preceded the Ministry of Environment,
support." In addition, it was said that information the series 1990-2007 of the
said that Chile was willing to contribute
"energy efficiency measures, renewable last Chile’s NGHGI available. With this
to the global mitigation efforts through a
energy and measures in land use, land- simplified version, the baseline and the
significant deviation from the baseline
use change and forestry will be the main reduction commitment were recalculated
(projected since 2007) by up to 20 % to
focus of Chile’s nationally appropriate on the basis of the new NGHGI update
2020, significantly funded with national
mitigation actions." included in this report (INGEI2018),
resources.
which finally generates a 2007-2020
The voluntary pledge 2020 has led to revised BAU that is comparable with the
During the first half of 2010, the the development of various mitigation GHG emissions balance in the country.
CONAMA led an inter-ministerial work activities in the country, such as the
through the Inter-Ministerial Technical Nationally Appropriate Mitigation
Committee on Climate Change to agree Actions (NAMAs), which main objective
on the information that the country is to reduce GHG emissions. In addition,
should deliver to the United Nations it has served to identify sectorial
for its inclusion in Appendix II of the actions that, despite not being focused
Copenhagen Accord. The same year, on the reduction of GHG emissions,
Parque Nacional Llano de Challe, Amelia Ortúzar - Imagen de Chile

the President of the Republic, Sebastián have also meant a contribution to the
Piñera, in his speech to the nation on May decarbonizing of Chile.
21st, stated: "In the field of greenhouse
gas emissions, global warming and Aided by the MAPS-Chile6 project, in its
biodiversity, Chile has undertaken and first phase (2012), an initial "Business as
will comply with a reduction of 20 % to usual" (or BAU) baseline was developed
2020". to be able to understand and analyze in
a better manner the mitigation policies
The Inter-Ministerial Technical Committee and options in the country with a view
on Climate Change and the Inter- to meet the committed at COP15. This
Ministerial Committee on Climate projection is used as information on
Change adopted Chile’ statement at the basis of the 1990-2007 emission
meetings held on July 27 and August series of the NGHGI developed in
13, 2010. The voluntary pledge was 2011, presented to the Second National
5
"Letter from the Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs to Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary of the UNFCCC", August 23, 2010.
Retrievedfrom http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/cop_15/copenhagen_accord/application/pdf/chilecphaccord_app2.pdf.
6
MAPS Chile is a government project that delivered through a process of research and multi-actor participation evidence, projections, and
options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Chile http://www.mapschile.cl

By comparing the data of this inventory 2012 and 2015 are closer to levels country's emissions would be below the
(INGEI 1990-2016) and the revised in the range of BAU 2007-2020 due area of compliance, except for 2015.
baseline (BAU 2007-2020) presented in to the emissions from forest fires those Due to the fact that the GHG balance of
Figure 1, a change has been noted in the years. As a result of this, it is believed that year is particularly affected by the
trend of the GHG balance (downward). that for 2017, the year in which there emissions associated to the forest fires,
This change is due to several factors, were important forest fires, emissions a similar situation is expected for 2017
including the greater energy efficiency will skyrocket reaching ranges even over (MMA - E2Biz, 2017).
and mitigation measures in different those of the BAU.
sectors. However, the main cause of this
break in the trend is the economic growth When comparing the balance with the
that declined compared to the expected BAU deviation projection by 20 % (BAU
in the first phase of MAPS. The years -20 % progressive), it is noted that the
Figure 1. GHG Balance 1990-2016 compared to BAU 2007-2020 revised, and 20 % progressive deviation respect to the BAU
Source: Own preparation based on the revised 1990-2016 NGHGI and BAU (MMA - E2Biz, 2017)
3.2. Chile's Nationally (i) Mitigation, (ii) Adaptation, iii) of Environment, Energy, Finance and
Determined Contribution Capacity building and strengthening, (iv) Agriculture, and on the comments
Technology development and transfer, received from the public consultation
(NDC) and (v) Financing. process of the Intended National
Contribution (MMA, 2015a).
The National Contribution or NDC The mitigation pillar considers a
(Nationally Determined Contribution) as quantified reduction commitment of the Methodologically, the LULUCF sector was
mentioned above, is a commitment by indicator "intensity of GHG emissions" separated from the national mitigation
the countries to the UNFCCC within the to 2030. This reduction is based on commitment due to the high annual
framework of the Paris Agreement, which the sectorial analysis and mitigation variability of captures and emissions,
describes their contribution to meet the scenarios developed in the framework of and for being less dependent on the
objectives of the Agreement. the project MAPS-Chile (Phase 2); on the economic growth path.
results of the National Greenhouse Gas
Chile introduced its NDC in September Inventory (1990-2010); on additional
2015, which is divided into 5 pillars: information provided by the Ministries

In this sense, two types of targets were identified:
• A carbon intensity target, expressed in GHG emissions per unit of GDP (tonnes of CO2 equivalent per unit of GDP in millions of
CLP, 2011), which includes all sectors quantified in the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (1990-2010), except the LULUCF sector.
• A target expressed in tonnes of CO2 equivalent of the LULUCF sector.
It should be noted that the gases correspond to those of the National (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide
considered in the carbon intensity target, Inventory of Greenhouse Gases (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCS),
without including the LULUCF sector, (1990-2010), that is, carbon dioxide perfluorocarbons(PFCS).
Table 1. Chile’s Nationally Determined Contribution in terms of Mitigation
Source: Chile’s Intended National Contribution (MMA, 2015a)
During 2017 the MMA coordinated manage the NDC and also, to propose the country's climate commitments.
a Working Group of the Public Sector guidelines and next steps to make Faced these elements, the coordinating
focused on discussing the NDC (WGPS- progress in the matter. team of the MMA has analyzed the
NDC) updating in 2020, as required in main themes or key points that require
the Paris Agreement. The ultimate purpose This group met on six opportunities, and priority treatment, in order to implement
of this group was to develop a shared from the process developed, a series measures to comprehensively address
diagnosis on what elements should be of elements were identified that should the NDC in its next update.
updated, along with identifying possible be considered in the update process,
institutional arrangements contributing to and that are keys to properly manage

In the light of the exercise carried out by the WGPS-NDC, a number of challenges that are keys to the formulation and
implementation of the next NDC were identified. Among these challenges are the following:
• The definition of governance for climate change, in which the whole society and its actors - the State, civil society, the private sector-
are included and converged towards a common, long-term goal. This will allow giving a response to the impacts - economic, social,
environmental and human - generated by climate change; and it will ensure that climatic actions generate tangible benefits to move
towards a low-carbon development and resilient to climate.
• Having a long-term vision of climate change. This allows guiding the definition of the goal and peak emissions, as well as the actions
and instruments for its compliance. In addition, it will provide guidelines to the sectors and a time horizon to the financial strategies,
creation and strengthening of capacities, and technology and development transfer. This will make it easier to project them in the long
term, achieving order and integration with greater coherence to climate policy in Chile.
• The need to review and reconsider the design of the NDC which should include at least the following points: vision of climate policy,
its role, content and structure, sectorial responsibilities, among others.
3.3. International projects of initiatives in the field of mitigation and

MRV have been boosted.
mitigation support in Chile
3.3.2. NDC Support Program Project
3.3.1. Low Emission Capacity
Building Project (LECB-Chile) In 2017, and on the basis of what was
constructed with the LECB program,
The project of Low Emission Capacity UNDP formally launched the global
Building (LECB-Chile) was implemented project to support the implementation
in Chile between 2012 and 2017, and it of the NDC (NDC Support Program)
has been a part of an initiative led by the with the support of the governments
United Nations Development Program of Germany, Spain and the European
(UNDP) in 25 countries. The project, Union. With this project it is expected
funded by the governments of Germany to contribute to governments to achieve
and Australia, and by the European transformation changes using the
Commission, sought to encourage and implementation of National Determined
create public and private capacities for Contributions (NDC), as a mechanism
the measurement and mitigation of GHG to expand investment in climate change
emissions through appropriate actions and support sustainable development,
for the country, within a trend toward its included in the Paris Agreement, and
development with low carbon emissions, the Sustainable Development Goals
In order to face these challenges, the and improving public policies dealing (SDG). The new initiative, which works
WGPS-NDC developed a non-official with climate change. in coordination with NDC Partnership
document with a series of guidelines and program, shall make a progress in the
concrete steps, neither prescriptive nor From the achievements of this project implementation of the Paris Agreement
binding, to be considered by decision- in the country, the institutionalization within the context of the 2030 Agenda,
makers and the authorities to whom will of the update process of the national and ten countries (including Chile) will
concern the NDC’s update in 2020 (as NGHGI; the implementation of make a progress in the integration of
established in the Paris Agreement). This HuellaChile Program, and the Climate measures on gender approach in the
will give continuity to the climate actions Public Expenditure Review (CPER) are planning and implementation of the
from the Authority, in compliance with highlighted, among other. Furthermore, NDC.
the commitments of the country. through the LECB project other relevant

In Chile, the implementation of the NDC Capacity Building-Chile (LECB-Chile) to move forward in the following areas:
Support Program materializes through project, implemented by the Ministry of
the continuity of the Low Emission Environment, under which it is expected
• Evaluation of Chile’s commitments and strengthening governance for the fulfillment of the NDC.
• Development of sectorial mitigation scenarios linked to the NDC for the planning of public policy.
• Strategy to increase the participation of the private sector in the implementation of actions by incorporating a gender approach.
• Implementation of an awareness strategy on climate change considering the gender approach.
3.3.3. Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) aims to: Chile's Nationally Determined
for Transparency (CBIT) Project Contribution (NDC) Transparency
a) Strengthen national institutions Framework" in the amount of USD
Paragraph 84 of decision 1/CP.21 for activities related to transparency, 1,232,000; which main objective is
of the Conference of the Parties where according to national priorities; to strengthen national capacities for a
the Paris Agreement7 was adopted, it transparent follow-up system to Chile’s
was decided to establish a "Capacity- b) Provide tools, training and assistance NDC.
building initiative for transparency in for the implementation of the provisions
order to improve the institutional and of article 13 of the Agreement; The components and expected results
technical capacity, both before and after of the project are shown in Table 1.
2020", that "will help the Parties that c) Help improving transparency through It is expected that with this initiative
are developing countries, upon request, time; capabilities are created, and the
in meeting enhanced transparency mechanisms needed to have a robust
requirements as defined in Article 13 of This translates into a fund in charge of follow-up system to the NDC is designed,
the Agreement in a timely manner”. the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) in addition to supporting the inputs for
aimed to meet the objectives defined in the development of a long-term climate
As set out in paragraph 85 of the the decision. Chile applied to this fund strategy in the country.
decision, the Capacity Building Initiative through the project: "Strengthening
Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile
7
https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10a01.pdf

Table 1. Components and expected results of the CBIT-Chile project
Component Outcomes Project Outputs
1: Strengthen the 1.1. The analysis of climate 1.1.1 Centralized platform of Climate Information
existing framework of data is integrated in the 1.1.2 Training for data users and suppliers
transparency in Chile preparation of policies and 1.1.3 Guidelines to ensure consistency and comparability of
for mitigation and international reports GHG emissions among sectors
adaptation actions 1.1.4 Training to decision-makers in the use of the information
available
1.2. Chile’s NDC is followed-up 1.2.1 Establishment of a monitoring and evaluation system of
and evaluated Chile’s NDC implementation
1.2.2 Development of metrics, indicators and methodologies
for monitoring Adaptation actions
2: Institutionalization 2.Public Institutions are able to 2.1.1 Training Plan for public institutions on the report of
of the Climate public report their climate expenditure climate finance
expenditure report and support received 2.1.2 Improvement of the climate expenditure Form
2.1.3 Publication of a guide to report climate public
expenditure
3.3.4. Supporting National Action policy actions for the mitigation nationally determined contribution
and Planning on Short-Lived Climate of short-lived climate pollutants". (NDC) of the Paris Agreement (number
Pollutants (SNAP) 2.6) using LEAP-IBC; 2) to propose a
Chile’s NDC, in its number 2.6 has a new NDC for black carbon at the end
Chile, through the Ministry of mitigation section of short-lived pollutants. of 2019, and 3) to have a National
Environment is a part of the Climate & It should be noted that currently at Plan of SLCP's mitigation at the end of
Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) since 2013. international level over 30 countries 2020. The period of implementation
The CCAC is a global coalition which include in their NDCs some commitment of the project is from 2016 to 2020.
unites countries, governmental and non- to mitigate such pollutants. In this regard,
governmental organizations, with the Chile leads together with Norway the
aim of joining efforts to move forward initiative of the CCAC called "Pathway
in an integrated view on the benefits of Approach', which is the body to share
mitigating local climate pollutants, called on the mitigation path with local and
short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs); and global approaches, the experience on
internationally comply with the climate policies and regulations, learning, needs,
change challenge. In 2018, the members assessment and updating of Chile’s
of the CCAC were close to 54 countries, NDC to jointly reduce GHG and SLCPs.
18 intergovernmental agencies and
60 non-governmental organizations8. In such a context, the project SNAP
Supporting National Action and
In terms of coordination in 2017, the Planning on Short Lived Climate
United Nations and the Ministry of Pollutants (SLCPs) was implemented,
Environment signed a Memorandum which contributed to Chile with a total
of Understanding for Cooperation9, of USD 184 thousand, budget managed
a document that includes, among by UN-Environment. The objectives
other subjects "moving forward in of the project include: 1) assess the
8
http://www.ccacoalition.org/en/partners.
9
Acknowledgment by the Comptroller on December 14, 2017.

4. ACTIONS AND POLICIES ASSOCIATED
TO MITIGATION IN CHILE
According to the National Greenhouse country accounted for 111,677.5 kt sector) and removals of CO2 of forest
Gas Inventory of Chile (NGHGI) (see CO2 eq, increasing by 114.7 % from lands (accounted for in the LULUCF
chapter 2), in 2016, the balance of 1990 and 7.1 % since 2013 (Table 2). sector). The values observed that are out
GHG emissions and removals10 from The main causes of the trend are the CO2 from the trend in the balance (Figure 2)
Chile accounted for 46,185.2 kt CO2 emissions generated by the burning of are mainly consequences of forest fires,
eq, while total GHG emissions11 in the fossil fuels (accounted for in the Energy accounted for in the LULUCF sector.
Table 2. Chile’s NGHGI: GHG emissions and removals (kt CO2 eq) by sector, 1990-2016 series
Sector 1990 2000 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016
1. Energy 33,679.7 52,511.9 68,623.5 79,993.7 77,417.0 83,713.4 87,135.6

2. IPPU 3,295.4 6,243.6 5,492.5 6,144.0 6,233.9 6,584.8 6,939.3
3. Agriculture 12,071.4 14,008.7 13,244.1 12,848.4 12,419.1 12,210.6 11,801.6
4. LULUCF - 50,061.0 - 62,676.4 - 71,930.9 - 71,887.5 - 55,722.4 - 44,972.4 - 65,492.3
5. Waste 2,969.3 3,822.4 4,502.2 5,318.4 5,403.9 5,734.5 5,801.1
Balance 1,955.0 13,910.3 19,931.4 32,416.9 45,751.5 63,270.9 46,185.2
Total 52,015.9 76,586.7 91,862.3 104,304.3 101,473.9 108,243.3 111,677.5
Source: Technical Coordination Team of the MMA
Figure 2. Chile’s NGHGI: GHG emissions and removals (kt CO2 eq) by sector, series 1990-2016
Source: Technical Coordination Team of the MMA.
10
The term "balance of GHG" refers to the addition of GHG emissions and removals expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq). This
term includes the LULUCF sector as a whole.
11
In the present report, the term "total GHG emissions" refers only to the addition of the national GHG emissions expressed in carbon dioxide
equivalent (CO2 eq). This term excludes the emission sources and absorption sumps of the LULUCF sector.

At a sectorial level (Figure 3), The Energy sector accounted for 78.0% of the total GHG emissions, followed by the Agriculture
sector (10.6 %), IPPU sector (6.2 %), and finally the Waste sector (5.2 %).
Figure 3. Distribution of Chile´s total GHG emissions by sector
Source: Technical Coordination Team of the MMA
The information presented in the inventory 1) adaptation to climate change, 2) institutional and also financing aspects.
delivers the context and the basis to mitigation of GHG emissions, 3) means
understand the relevance of sectorial of implementation, and 4) management It was developed with a sustained inter-
mitigation actions, given that proceeds of climate change at regional and district sectorial work, with inputs resulting
steps by step in the implementation of levels, in order to comply with 16 specific from consultancies and visions of the
these actions could be reflected in the objectives that translate in 20 lines representatives of ministries, academia,
GHG emissions trend in the country. of action and a total of 96 measures. the private sector and citizens, at a
central, regional and municipal levels.
4.1. Mitigation in the National The preparation of the new National In addition, in 2015 a process of early
Action Plan on Climate Plan is the fruit of the collaboration of citizen participation took place, through
Change over 20 public institutions12, between workshops in four cities of the country,
ministries and services with competences extended surveys and interviews with key
in the field of climate change, and it actors. Also, a public consultation was
On 19 June 2017, the Council of was coordinated by the Climate Change carried out between April and August
Ministers for Sustainability adopted the Office of the Ministry of Environment. The 2016, where around 1200 observations
new National Action Plan on Climate design stage started in 2014, considering were collected and analyzed by the
Change 2017-2022 (PANCC 2017- for its purpose the lessons learnt from corresponding ministries and services,
2022), a public policy instrument that implementation of the National Action from the point of view of its relevance
integrates and guides the actions to be Plan on Climate Change 2008-2012 and chance to be incorporated in
taken with regard to climate change in (PANCC 2008-2012), the progress and the final draft of the National Plan.
the country. The PANCC 2017-2022 future challenges the country must face, as
is structured in 4 main lines of action: well as the initiatives in development, the
12
Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Social Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Min-
istry of Economy, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Ministry of Public
Works, Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications, Ministry of Mining, National Office of Emergencies and Secretary of Regional
Development of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security, Undersecretary for Fisheries and the Production Development Corporation of the
Ministry of Economy, Oceanographic and Hydrographic Service of the Chilean Navy and Chile´s Meteorological Directorate of the Ministry of
National Defense, General Water Directorate of the Ministry of Public Works, National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research
of the Ministry of Education, Commission Chilean Copper Mining Ministry, Agency of Sustainability and Climate Change.

As an instrument articulating the national of the Sustainable Development in the preparation of the Greenhouse
policy on climate change, the PANCC Goals (SDGs) related to climate Gas Mitigation Plan for the Energy
2017-2022 integrates the actions to change (objective 13) and with the Sector13, established in line with the
be carried out by the various public recommendations made by the OECD to vision and goals of the National
institutions with jurisdiction on these the Government of Chile in its assessment Energy Policy (PEN) to 2050, as well
matters in the next 5 years. In addition, of 2016 with regard to climate change. as with the PANCC 2017-2022.
the new National Plan emphasizes,
for the first time, the implementation of Acknowledging the crosswise nature of Also, and in response to one of the
measures at a local level, looking for the climate change, PANCC 2017-2022 commitments set out in the new National
generation of capacities and institutional includes measures to permeate and Plan, in 2017 the Ministry of Public Works
strengthening on climate change at include the theme in other public policies jointly with the Ministry of Environment,
a level of subnational governments aimed to planning and development. developed the Plan for Adaptation and
and the concrete implementation of In turn, the gender and transparency Mitigation of Infrastructure Services
adaptation and mitigation measures. focus are important seals that arise in to Climate Change 2017- 202214,
a variety of ways throughout the Plan. an initiative that seeks to adapt the
As a part of the international agenda, infrastructure services to the impacts of
the PANCC 2017-2022 also aims at the Given the nature of the new National climate change, within a resilience and
coordination of actions that allow Chile to Plan and its role in the preparation sustainability framework, in addition
move forward in fulfilling its commitments for the fulfilment of Chile’s reduction to contributing to the mitigation of
to the Paris Agreement, with preparatory commitments, different sectors have GHG emissions in the different phases
actions for the implementation of the undertaken measures aimed directly or in the life cycle of the projects carried
contribution, in view of 2030 and the indirectly emissions reduction, or the out by the Ministry of Public Works
intermediate milestones defined in the gathering of information for policies (Ministerio de Obras Públicas, 2017).
Agreement. The actions of the new Plan design. An example of this is the work
will also serve to meet the objectives developed by the Ministry of Energy
Campo de estromatolitos en Porvenir, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile
13
http://www.energia.gob.cl/sites/default/files/plan_de_mitigacion_energia.pdf
14
http://www.dgop.cl/Documents/PlanAccionMop.pdf

On the other hand, from the new with sectorial purposes have had an passengers, and energy consumption on
National Action Plan on Climate Change impact on GHG emissions in the country. the part of the different economy agents
other sectorial plans arise, as for Thus, each sector that has developed (industry, mining, trade and residential
example, the forestry sector. Particularly, them has measured their implementation sector).
the National Strategy on Climate and progress, either in qualitative or
Change and Vegetation Resources15 quantitative terms. With regard to electricity generation,
(ENCCRV), prepared by the Ministry of as of April 2018, the total installed
Agriculture through the National Forestry Although, some measures include capacity in Chile is 23,010 MW,
Corporation (CONAF), constitutes a estimates for their impact on the reduction separated mainly in the National Electric
"public policy instrument in the field of GHG emissions, it is recognized System (SEN) (99.23 % of the installed
of vegetation resources native to the need to assess the impacts of all capacity), in addition to the small
Chile, which guides and integrates the measures, as well as calculating their systems at Los Lagos, Aysen, Magallanes
activities and measures to be taken as impact as a contribution to the reduction and Easter Island (0.03 %, 0.27 %,
a country for mitigation and adaptation targets in the country. 0.45 % and 0.02 % of installed capacity
to climate change, as well as fighting respectively) (CNE, 2018).
desertification, land degradation and With regard to the second BUR delivered
drought" (Ministerio de Agricultura, in 2016, sectorial policies have The components of energy production
2017). advanced to include climate change include mainly emissions from power
increasingly as a variable of analysis. generation and to a lesser extent, from
In turn, the implementation of Law In the same way, emitting sectors have petroleum refining and manufacturing
20,920, enacted in 2016, which sets begun to design specific policies that of other fuels. As shown in Figure 4,
the framework for waste management, allow the reduction of GHG emissions in power generation in Chile during 2017
extended producer responsibility and the medium term. accounted for a total 76,647 GWh,
the promotion of recycling, and that which main energy source was coal, with
obliges manufacturers and importers The following are the main actions that a participation of 39 % of the national
of six priority products to collect and contribute to the reduction of emissions total. This high level of participation
value, respectively, a percentage of their from the main sectors of the country. of coal, added to the contribution of
products after their useful life, is also a the generation of the rest of fossil fuels
part of the commitments set out in the makes this source of emissions represent
new Plan. 4.2.1. Energy Sector 31 % of the total GHG emissions in the
country for 2016.
Finally, through a joint effort of the In this sector, the regulatory role is
Ministries of Energy, Transportation and exercised by the State through the
Communications and Environment, and Ministry of Energy and its dependent
as a contribution to the goals established or related institutions, while private
for energy efficiency and mitigation of entities are responsible for making the
GHG emissions, at the end of 2017 the investments.
National Strategy for Electromobility was
Ojos del Caburgua, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile

presented, an initiative that sets the axes The energy sector considers GHG
and priority actions for the promotion of emissions generated by the burning
electromobility in Chile. of fossil fuels in the country and their
fugitive emissions associated. This sector
4.2. Sectorial Mitigation is the main GHG emitter in the country,
Actions representing 78.0 % of total emissions
in 2016. Their emissions stem mainly
A series of actions -policies, laws, from the activities of energy production,
programs and specific projects- designed energy consumption for freight and
15
https://www.enccrv-chile.cl/index.php/descargas/documentos-2017/90-documento-de-la-estrategia/file

Figure 4. Electricity generation by source type, 2017
Source: CNE, June 2017
Parque Eólico Talinay, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

Regarding Non-Conventional Renewable 15 % in 2015. A wide participation of by transportation and the various
Energies16 (NCRE), since 2010, by NCRE is recorded at a national level in economic sectors described by the
legislation17, the Chilean electrical the electricity matrix, above the minimum secondary energy matrix of year 2016
system must comply with a quota of threshold required by the legislation, (Figure 5), it can be noted that the most of
incorporation of this type of energies. because the electrical generation of consumption is from transportation, with
Subsequently this quota was raised, NCRE in 2017 was 11,087 GWh, a participation of 35 % of the national
requiring that in 2025 a 20 % of energy while a contribution of 3,642 GWh total (and in this, road transportation as
generation comes from NCRE. In recent was expected (being almost three times one of the main emitting categories of
years, there has been an increase in this greater). the country), followed by the industrial
type of sources, from representing 2 % consumption with a 23 %, and in the
of the electrical generation in 2007 to In terms of energy consumption incurred mining sector, with a 17 %.
16
It is understood by Non-Conventional Renewable Energies or NCRE all those sources of energy generation in which consumption expenditure
or depletion of its source are not incurred. Chilean legislation indicated as such the energy from the following technologies: small hydroelectric
stations (less than 20 MW maximum power), and projects that use energy from biomass, geothermal, solar, wind, seas, among other.
17
Law N° 20.257.

Figure 5. Secondary energy matrix by economic sector, 2016
Source: Ministry of Energy, BNE 2016
Energy is an essential engine for

economic and social development, so
it is of the utmost importance to ensure
supply for the future. The way in which
energy is obtained and used also has
a direct impact on economic growth,
but at the same time, it generates an
effect on the care for the environment
and development opportunities for
people. That is why policy definitions
and an active role by the State are
required, leading to a secure energy
sector, inclusive, competitive and
sustainable which benefits extrapolate
to all areas in the life of Chilean
people (Ministerio de Energía, 2017).
At the end of 2015, the Ministry

of Energy published the National Energy
Policy of Chile, a document that was
prepared through a participatory process,
called Energy 2050, which involved the
public and private sectors, academia Embalse Puclaro, Elqui, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile
and civil society, based on an in-depth

discussion, respectful of ideas and in
search for consensus, for nearly two years.
The National Energy Policy proposes

a vision of the Energy sector to 2050
which corresponds to a sector that is
reliable, sustainable, inclusive and
competitive. This vision is based in
turn on four pillars, presented below.

Figure 6. Pillars of the National Energy Policy
RELIABILITY INCLUSIVENESS COMPETITIVENESS SUSTAINABILITY
PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4
Safety and quality of Energy as a Energy compatible with Energy efficiency and
supply development engine the environment education
Source: Ministry of Energy, 2015.
In addition, but this time as a tool with a society, including academia, ONGs, The work to prioritize during the following
short-term span, during 2018 the 2018 environmental groups, neighbors four years around the energy sector, was
- 2022 Energy Pathway was developed. associations, trade unions, companies structured in seven axes, described in the
This energy pathway was built through and representatives of indigenous following figure:
a process of public consultation and peoples and communities, under the
dialogue throughout the country, that is, conviction that they are key agents for
listening to the different actors from both achieving sustainable development
the private and public sectors of civil (Ministerio de Energía, 2018).
Figure 7. Axes of the Energy Path
Source: Ministry of Energy, 2018.
Planta Solar Fotovoltaica María Elena, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

Framed within these two instruments of governance, one with a short-term look, as the 2018-2022 Energy Pathway and another with
a long-term vision, called the National Energy Policy to 2050; various initiatives are being carried out aimed at the reduction of GHG
emissions, as well as to adaptation to climate change in the Energy sector:
• Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Plan for the Energy Sector, whose main objective is to encourage measures to address climate variability
and support a gradual transition to an economy and energy matrix significantly lower in carbon.
• Energy efficiency law, which seeks to generate the necessary incentives to encourage efficient use of energy in the sectors of greatest
consumption (large industry and mining, transportation and buildings) and create a greater energy culture throughout population.
• National Strategy for Electromobility, an initiative that sets the axes and priority actions for the promotion of electromobility in Chile, that
will allow reducing GHG emission by obtaining their energy from an energy matrix with increasing participation of renewable sources.
This initiative is being developed together with the ministries of Environment and Transportation.
• Decarbonization table, developed within the framework of the voluntary agreement signed by the companies members of the Association
of Chilean Generators, AES Gener, Colbun, Enel and Engie, to carry out a process of decarbonization of the matrix, where the Ministry
of Energy cooperates through a multidisciplinary coordination and the collection of background information, in order to strengthen the
discussion in labor, security of supply, economic, environmental and health areas.
• Strategy for the development and penetration of renewable thermal technologies, which will enhance the use of renewable technologies
for the supply of thermal or heat needs, replacing the use of fossil fuels and wet firewood.
• Renewable thermal programs, including program of direct uses of geothermal energy, the installation of solar thermal systems in homes
and identification of the potential of biogas plants in industrial sectors.
• Public-private work table on adaptation to climate change in the Energy sector, in order to share experiences of adaptation applied,
prioritize adaptation actions and address a timeline for implementation of the actions.
• Public-private table on mechanisms of tradable emission or other that generate a strategy proposal with the options of cost-effective
instruments for the sector.
• Trading platform of renewable generation projects certificates, both at a large and small scale of distributed generation, in addition to
energy efficiency measures.
• Coordinating Committee on Energy Innovation, which role is to identify and prioritize challenges and define the strategic guidelines to
guide decision-making, in pursuit of the market competitiveness, social wellbeing and the sustainability of the sector.
• Promotion of distributed generation at a residential level, through the diffusion of benefits, consumer profiles, suppliers and financing
sources.
• Educational energy strategy, an instrument that aims to bring the energy sector closer to society as a whole, improving the skills of
individuals to make informed decisions, adopting new technologies, be responsible citizens and efficient managers of their natural
resources.

The instances described above, along fulfillment of various goals in the short, linked to climate change, are presented
with many others, will move toward the medium and long term. Some of these, below:
Table 3. National energy policy: measures in the short, medium and long term related to climate change
To 2022: To 2035: To 2050:

• Increase by at least 10 times the number • Over 60 % of the national electricity • At least 70 % of national electricity
of electric vehicles circulating in our generation comes from renewable generation comes from renewable
country. energy sources. energy sources.
• Establish a regulatory framework for • At least 50 % of fuels low in GHG • The public, commercial and residence
energy efficiency (EE) to generate the emissions and pollutants in the fuels’ sectors takes advantage of distributed
necessary incentives to encourage the matrix. generation potential and management
efficient use of energy in the sectors with of the electricity demand.
the highest consumption (industry and • A Mitigation Plan of GHG emissions
mining, transportation and building), and is applied in the Energy sector. • The innovation policies in the industry
create a culture of energy in the country. contribute to achieve the potential
• An Adaptation Plan to climate change reduction of energy consumption.
• Update and incorporation of new is applied in the Energy sector, within
products to the EE labelling program. the framework of a national plan in this • 100 % of the main categories,
regard. appliances and equipment that are sold
• Start the process of decarbonization of in the market correspond to energy-
the energy matrix through the creation of • 100 % of vehicle models for road efficient equipment.
a timeline for retirement or reconversion of transportation of new trade feature EE
coal power plants, and the introduction of label. • 100 % of the new buildings are
concrete measures in electromobility. equipped with OECD standards of
• 100 % of new vehicles tendered for efficient building, as well as control and
• Reach four times the current capacity of public passenger transportation include intelligent management energy systems.
renewable distributed generation at small- EE criteria among the variables to
scale (less than 300 kW). evaluate.
Table 4. Measures related to the mitigation of GHG emissions in the Energy sector18
Name Type[1] Year and status
Administration of concessional system of geothermal Regulatory 2004

energy Implemented and activet
Law of Non-Conventional Renewable Energies (ERNC) Regulatory 2008

(Law 20.257/2008 amended by Law 20.698/2013) Implemented and active
Rural and social electrification program (PERyS) Project 2008

Completed
The type of instrument is classified as corresponding to a measure of Economic instrument, Education, Research, Information, Regulatory,
[1]
Voluntary action, Project, Policy, Economic incentive, Governmental, Technological Development.
18
More detail of the various measures may be consulted in Annex 5 to this document.

Energy Efficiency Program in Public Buildings (PEEEP) Economic Incentive 2009

Implemented and active
Public information platforms for renewable energy Information 2009

Education Implemented and active
Solar thermal systems in new households Government 2010

(Law 20.365/2009) Implemented and active
Solar thermal systems in existing social housing Government 2011

Net Billing Act (Net Billing) Regulatory 2012

(Law 20.571/2012) Implemented and active
Action Plan for Energy Efficiency (PAEE2020) Policy 2013

Energy efficiency labelling and minimum standards Regulatory and 2013

Information Implemented and active
Replacement Program of Efficient Public Lighting for Project 2014

Municipalities Implemented and active
Promoting the development of biogas energy in small and Project 2014

medium-sized agricultural industries selected at Los Ríos Implemented and active
and Los Lagos regions (Biogas dairy sector)
Draft Energy Efficiency Law Economic Incentive 2014

Regulatory Planned
"More Dry Firewood" program Project 2014

100 Mini-hydros Plan Policy 2014

Completed
Supply Improvement Program in isolated areas Project 2014

Fund for energy access19 Project 2014

Energy District Program Policy 2015

Solar thermal systems at homes of the Reconstruction Government 2015

Programs Implemented and active
19
http://atencionciudadana.minenergia.cl/tramites/informacion/18/

Public Solar Roofs Program Project 2015

Policy of use of firewood and its derivates for heating Policy 2015
Energy Policy: Energy 2050 (PEN2050) Policy 2015

(Decree N°148/2015) Implemented and active
Solar Strategic Program Technology 2016

Support mechanisms for funding the implementation of Economic Instrument 2016

photovoltaic systems for self-consumption in micro and Implemented and active
small enterprises
"My Home Efficient" Program Project 2016
Electromobility Strategy in Chile Policy 2017

SING-SIC interconnection Project 2017

Completed
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Plan for the Energy Sector Policy 2017
Long-term energy planning Regulatory 2017

(Law N° 20.936/2016) Implemented and active
Decarbonization table of the energy matrix Voluntary Actions 2018

2018-2022 Energy Pathway Policy 2018

Source: Own preparation based on sectorial Information

4.2.2. Transportation Sector of Infrastructure Projects (UGPI), which According to estimates of the Ministry of
provide a crosswise view of planning Energy, the entry of only electrical light
The transportation sector considers the and coordination issues for investments vehicles will prevent the emission of 11
GHG emissions generated by fossil that belong to the Undersecretariat. million tonnes of CO2 per year, and will
fuels burnt in all activities of the national reduce expenditure on imported fossil
transportation (terrestrial, railways, aerial In agreement with the National Energy fuels by more than USD 3,300 million
and domestic Navigation). Under Chile’s Policy, its strategic guideline N°34 sets annually, equivalent to about 1.5 %
NGHGI, its emissions are reported in the improvement of energy efficiency of of GDP for year 2016 (Ministerio de
the subcategory Transportation (1.A.3.). vehicles and their operation, and sets as Energía, 2017).
Within the Energy sector emissions, a goal for 2050 for Chile having adopted
it ranks second in importance, after the highest international standards on It should be noted that in the country other
the subcategory Energy industries. In energy efficiency in the various modes of public transportation modes which are
2016, its GHG emissions accounted transportation. fed with electricity already exist, such as
for 26,936.4 kt CO2 eq, increasing for example: the Santiago metro, Metro
by 191.8 % from 1990 and 8.4 % Within this context, the Ministries Regional de Valparaíso, the suburban
since 2013, due to the growth of the of Energy, Transportation and train Biotren, the Tren Central and the
national automotive fleet induced by the Communications and Environment Trolleybuses of Valparaíso, which give
population growth, a greater purchasing developed a strategy for electromobility more strength and support to the Energy
power and the improvement of the in Chile, in order to systematize the Pathway.
road infrastructure in the country. The efforts and articulate the various relevant
evidence demonstrates a great challenge actors, in pursuit of promoting the The National Strategy for Electromobility
for climate and local mitigation, which introduction of technologies with greater contemplates the following axes or
is why the development of policies energy efficiency to the country’s vehicles specific objectives to implement in the
that combine regulations, actions and market. The "National Strategy for short term, from 2017 to 2020:
programs is strategic. Electromobility", published in 201720,
compiles the result of a participatory 1. Establish regulations and requirements
Regarding the institutional framework of process of collaboration among these that encourage efficient development of
the sector, the Ministry of Transportation ministries together with multiple public electromobility from the points of view of
and Communications, through the and private actors. The aim of the energy, environment and mobility.
Undersecretariat for Transportation, strategy is to outline the actions that
encourages the development of Chile should take in order to achieve that 2. Boost the penetration of electric
an efficient, safe and sustainable 40 % of private vehicles and 100 % of vehicles in public transportation of cities
transportation system, through policies public transportation vehicles are electric across the country.
and regulations that favor the country's to 2050, thus contributing to the goals of
territorial integration, economic energy efficiency and mitigation of GHG 3. Support research and development
development, and to ensure high emissions and contributing to improving of electromobility and enhance human
quality services to users (Subsecretaría mobility and quality of individuals’ life. capital training at different levels.
de Transportes, 2018). To strengthen (Ministerio de Energía, 2017); along
the developing and planning role of with other benefits such as reduction 4. Encourage the development of
the Undersecretariat of Transportation, of emissions of local pollutants and electromobility, generating new balances
the Coordination Unit of Planning the adverse effects on the population’s that allow the market to sustain itself.
and Development exists, which brings health.
together most of the technical capacity 5. Generate spaces for the transfer
of the Undersecretariat and manages The Energy Pathway described in of knowledge and dissemination of
the objectives and tasks of the Program the section of Energy sector confirms information, so that various actors can
for Roads and Urban Transportation in its axes The National Strategy for make optimal decisions with respect to
(SECTRA), the Operational Unit of Transit Electromobility undertaking a goal at electromobility.
Control (UOCT), the Unit for Smart Cities the end of the period of increasing by
(ICU), the Unit of Short-term Management at least 10 times the number of electric
(UGCP) and the Unit for Management vehicles circulating in the country.
20
http://www.minenergia.cl/archivos_bajar/2018/electromovilidad/estrategia_electromovilidad-27dic.pdf

The following are the lines of action for each objective and axis of the National Strategy for Electromobility for the period 2017
to 2020.
Table 5. Lines of Action of the National Strategy for Electromobility, 2017-2020.
STRATEGIC AXIS 1: Regulation and Standards

Line of Action
Action Line 1: Establishment of minimum standards of energy efficiency for passenger vehicles
Action Line 2: Definition of technical/economic standards for cargo
Action Line 3: Definition of rules of availability of loading facilities in buildings

Action Line 4: Definition of road safety rules of coexistence with other modes of transportation
Action Line 5: Establishment of constructive technical requirements and security for electric vehicles
Action Line 6: Explicit incorporation of vehicles and their components in the Recycling Law
STRATEGIC AXIS 2: Public Transportation as an Engine of Development

Line of Action
Action Line 7: Incentives for major public transportation.
The CORFO project of public service "Technological Consortium for the deployment of electromobility in Transantiago"
Action Line 8: Incentives to move to electrical technology for collective taxis (it should be noted that the
"Renew your collective taxi" program already exists)
Action Line 9: Incentives to move to electrical technology for taxis (basic, executive and tourism)
STRATEGIC AXIS 3: Boost of Research and Development in Human Capital

Line of Action
Line of Action 10: Boost of applied research and development to generate an electromobility business environment
Line of Action 11: Training researchers in electromobility
Line of Action 12: Incentives to the training of technicians and professionals specialized in electromobility
Line of Action 13: Training in electromobility for emergency, rescue and care of injured personnel
Line of Action 14: Work Table of technological prospecting
Line of Action 15: Training of public officials and decision-makers
Line of Action 16: Transformation of public fleet
Line of Action 17: Development of commercial fleet pilot projects
Line of Action 18: Promoting the electric car
STRATEGIC AXIS 5: Knowledge transfer and delivery of Information

Line of Action
Line of Action 19: Creation of an electromobility observatory
Line of Action 20: Dissemination of electromobility

Also, since March 2017, the Production of Finland Ltd., is the Consortium for of a system of MRV was agreed at the
Development Corporation (CORFO), an Electromobility, which seeks to define International Maritime Organization
agency of the Government of Chile under and implement a strategy that allows (IMO), with the aim that ships report
the Ministry of Economy, Development for deployment of electric mobility in annually their fuel consumption,
and Tourism, encourages the Regional Santiago, making of it an enabler for transported cargo and distance run,
Strategic Program Santiago Smart the development of a smart city. The which would begin to operate in January
City21, which was established as an achievement of this consortium lies in 2019. In addition, a reduction of
enabler and encourager of technology- the articulation of various actors defining greenhouse gases emissions was agreed,
based and social solutions to cope with a strategy of electric mobility in the of at least 50% to 2050 considering
the challenges of mobility, safety and the city of Santiago, establishing public 2008 as the base year; at the same
environment existing in the city. Aimed transportation as the first objective. time it will be sought to fully reduce them
to resolve coordination failures and before the end of this century.
addressing collaborative solutions based Also, CORFO has developed since
on innovation and use of technologies, October 2017 the Transforma Logistics With regard to international aerial
along with solutions relating to aspects Program, through which the Certification transportation, in 2016 a measure
of productive development and quality and Validation System for Energy of global market was agreed called
of life, this program includes the Freight Efficiency and Competitiveness in Road "Carbon Offsetting and Reduction
Transportation Observatory as a Cargo Transportation was launched, Scheme for International Aviation -
technological tool for the systematic and with the support of the Ministry of CORSIA". To move on in this, an MRV
permanent collection of data on the urban Energy, the Agency of Sustainability system must be in place as of January
transportation system in the Metropolitan and Climate Change, the Agency of 2019 which accounts for the volume of
Region. The concretion of this public Energy Sustainability, the National GHG emissions to be reported to the
good will support the collection of Confederation of Truck Owners, Chile International Civil Aviation Organization
information and decision-making in the Transporte A.G., among other. The (ICAO).
public and private sectors. In addition, project encourages coordination with
it will optimize delivery mechanisms various actors of the logistics chain in Table 6 lists the most relevant initiatives
of products in less time, improving order to achieve energy and cost savings in the sector from a mitigation point of
service, reducing fuel consumption and by reducing fuel consumption, improved view.
emissions. efficiency in freight transportation by
truck and consequently in the logistics
Another public good implemented by chain; and achieving the goal of a
the Regional Strategic Program Santiago decrease in greenhouse gases emissions
Smart City together with CORFO and short-life and local climate pollutants.
MR, Ministry of Transportation and
Telecommunications, ENEL, SOFOFA Regarding international maritime
and the VTT Technical Research Center transportation, in 2017 the establishment
21
http://www.chiletransforma.cl/2017/08/02/santiago-ciudad-inteligente/

Table 6. Measures related to mitigation of GHG emissions in the Transportation sector22
Name Type[1] Year and state
Labelling of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in light Regulatory 2016

and medium vehicles Implemented and active
Management of the Public Transportation System in Santiago Policy 2017

(Transantiago) Implemented and active
Renewal of the fleet of the Public Transportation System in Project 2018

Santiago (Transantiago) Implemented and active
Renew your bus program Economic Incentive 2011

Renew your collective taxi program Economic Incentive 2015

Green Tax for New Motor Vehicles Regulatory 2015

Measures of the Transportation Sector in the Decontamination Regulatory 2017

Plan of the Metropolitan Region (MR)23 Implemented and active
Expansion of the Santiago Metro Private Sector 2017

Suburban Railway MetroTren Alameda Nos Private Sector 2017

Clean Turn Certification and Validation Project of the Freight Project 2017
Transportation of the Transforma Logistics Program by Implemented and active
CORFO for cargo transportation by road and ports
Sustainability Certification Project for ports of the Transforma Project 2017

Logistics Program by CORFO for cargo transportation by Implemented and active
road and ports
Suburban railway at Bio Bio region, Biotren Project 2017
Implemented and enabled
Merval suburban train in Valparaíso Region Project 2018

Suburban trains of the Metropolitan Region Project 2018

[1] The type of instrument is classified as corresponding to a measure of Economic instrument, Education, Research, Information, Regulatory,
More detail of the various measures may be consulted in Annex 5 to this document.
22
Prevention and Atmospheric Decontamination Plan for the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Decree N°31, 2016 of the MMA, published on
23
November 24, 2017 in the Official Gazette.

Smart Cities Strategy 2014-2020 Policy 2014

Measures for the Transportation Sector in the Energy Policy 2017

Mitigation Plan Under implementation
Source: Own preparation based on sectorial information
4.2.3. Agriculture , forestry and By virtue of the contribution capacity Change and Environmental Services
other land uses Sector regarding mitigation of this sector, Chile’s (UCCSA), is implementing the National
NDC presents a specific contribution Strategy for Climate Change and
The Agriculture, forestry and other associated to sustainable management Vegetation Resources (ENCCRV),
land uses (AFOLU)24 is the only sector and forest recovery, mainly native; and which was validated by the Council
presenting GHG emissions and CO2 to forestation, mostly with native species. of Ministers for Sustainability in
removals, which is why its mitigation November 2016. This strategy aims to
potential is relevant. Sources of As a key instrument for the fulfillment reduce the social, environmental and
absorption are primarily seedlings of of this goal contained in the NDC, economic vulnerability generated by
native forest, regeneration of managed the National Forestry Corporation climate change, desertification, land
native forest and forest plantations, (CONAF), through the Unit for Climate degradation and drought over vegetation
mostly exotic. This sector is equivalent resources and human communities that
to the integration of Agriculture and depend on them, in order to increase
LULUCF sectors of Chile’s NGHGI. ecosystems’ resilience and contribute
to mitigate climate change, promoting
This sector is high vulnerable to the effects emissions reduction and increased
of climate variability and climate change, capture of greenhouse gas in Chile.
being its challenge continuing with the
increase of the sector's productivity and To meet this goal, 26 measures were
the sustainable use of natural resources. established with operational goals,
For this reason, MINAGRI and its considering seven activities associated to
services have a prevailing role regarding the prioritized causes, and a crosswise
mitigation issues and in particular, activity to all causes, which respond to
climate change adaptation at a national various areas of application: institutional
level. For this reason, a number of management, operational, regulatory,
instruments has been developed that seek monitoring, environmental education,
to challenge and prepare the sector to research, planning and development.
address climate change. As mentioned
in the section on national circumstances,
technical coordination among the
different services of MINAGRI in the field
of climate change is carried out by the
CTICC.
24
This sector covers the Agriculture and use of land, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sectors, outlined in Chapter II: National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory of Chile 1990-2016.

For the formulation and validation of the Swiss Agency for Development and In this sector also outstand the two
the ENCCRV, technical and financial Cooperation (COSUDE) were received, Nationally Appropriate Mitigation
support by the Forest Carbon Partnership among other. Actions (NAMAS), which are under
Facility (FCPF), UNREDD Program and different development status:
• Support to the design and implementation of the ENCCRV. The objective of the NAMA was established within the framework of the
ENCCRV, serving as technical and economic support for the development of studies and activities aimed at identifying and reducing
weaknesses of baseline information, in addition to increasing the capacities of national technical teams and regional ENCCRV.
• Removal of atmospheric carbon through the recovery of degraded agricultural soils in Chile. This NAMA seeks to provide some sort
of incentive to farmers who adopt practices for the recovery of degraded organic soils. This NAMA seeks support for its preparation.
On the other hand, it should be noted officially, which establishes the agricultural sector, working in good
that for this sector adaptation actions grounds for sustainable, participatory, practices for nitrogen fertilization,
can have impacts on GHG emission inclusive and socially equitable forest livestock management practices or
reductions, so the current plans for development. The Forest Policy has carbon sequestration in soils, to mention
biodiversity and agriculture (SAP) been structured around four strategic a few, and analyzing forest policies
adaptation directly contribute to climate axes: 1) Forestry institutions; 2) Inclusion leading carbon capture in forests and
change mitigation. Also relevant are the and social equity; 3) Productivity and prevent fires, to achieve a carbon neutral
benefits for mitigation of future update economic growth; and 4) Protection and agricultural sector.
of Adaptation Plan 2018 - 2022 SAP, restoration of the forest heritage, each of
and projects such as the technical them broken down into impact targets and Regarding sectorial actions that
cooperation activities in the measurement result objectives that present a synthesis contribute to the mitigation of GHG
of carbon footprint and management of of the base line or initial situation (year emissions and promote sequestration,
pests and diseases in non-traditional 2015) and of the situations expected in they are presented in Table 7.
export products adapted to conditions of the short, medium and long term, set in
water scarcity, improvement in resilience periods of four (2020), ten (2025) and
to climate change of small agriculture in twenty years (2035), respectively.
O'Higgins Region, Chile, among other.
Among the sector challenges, moving
On the other hand, in May 2016 the forward in research to bring down
2015-2035 Forest Policy was announced the curve of GHG emissions in the
Table 7. Measures related to mitigation of GHG emissions of Agriculture, forestry and other use of land Sector 25
Name Instrument type[1] Year and state
National Strategy on Climate Change and Economic Instrument 2010 -2025

Vegetation Resources (ENCCRV) 26 Voluntary Actions Implemented and active
Regulatory Framework
Information
Research
Education
[1]
Source: Own elaboration based on sectorial Information
25
Further detail of the various measures may be consulted in Annex 5 to this document.
26
In the current BUR, an estimate of the Reference Levels in the Technical Annex of REDD+ results is included.

4.2.4. Waste Sector programs in environmental matters, as In 2017, the regulations for the recycling
well as for waste management programs fund, Decree N° 7 of the Ministry of
In this sector are accounted for GHG through the Office of Legislative Environment entered in force, which
emissions generated by microbiological Implementation and Circular Economy. allows having a fund whose purpose
processes that occur in final disposal sites is to finance all or part of the projects,
for solid waste, product of anaerobic Currently, over 90 % of municipal solid programs and actions to prevent waste
degradation of organic matter. Disposal waste goes directly to final disposal in generation, encourage their source
of solid waste corresponds to 74.2 % landfills, waste or garbage dumps, and separation, selective collection, reuse,
of the Waste Sector emissions to 2016 close to 50 % of such waste, corresponds recycling and other type of valuation
INGEI. to organic waste (ECLAC, OECD, 2016). performed by municipalities or their
associations. And as of 2018, a draft for
In Chile, Law No. 18,695 Constitutional As regards progress in regulatory a 2018-2022 National Plan of Ecodesign
Organic Law of Municipalities, the matters, in May 2016 Law N° 20.920 and Labelling, which objective is to
Ministry of the Interior, delivery to these was enacted, which establishes a establish requirements, demands and
entities the attribution of deprivation for framework for Waste Management, procedures for ecodesign and labelling
the management of the waste generated Extended Liability of the Producer of products and organizations.
in their distrital boundaries, whose and Promotion of Recycling, which
duty is regulated in the Sanitary Code. objective is to reduce waste generation At the international level, during the
The Municipalities of Chile develop and to encourage reuse, recycling, or COP22 in November 2016, the Minister
this attribution in a direct way with valuation, in order to protect the lives of of Environment and Climate Change
own resources or by outsourcing the people and the environment. This new of Canada undertook to reduce the
services of collection, transportation instrument establishes that producers27 pollutants that damage the climate in
and disposal. With regard to the final of so-called "priority" products must take Canada and throughout the world, and
disposal, mostly choose the option to care of their management at the end to contribute with USD 10.7 million to
outsource the service. of their useful life. This way, a series of reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
products that are sold in the domestic through bilateral alliances with Chile
With respect to financials, Law N° 3.063 market will be collected and valued, and Mexico. In the case of Chile, this
on Municipal Revenues, of the Ministry of directing the interests of the country project was implemented through the
the Interior, establishes that municipalities towards a sustainable economy. Priority current Agreement on Environmental
must annually determine the costs of products correspond to: lubricating oils, Cooperation28, where both ministries of
their home cleaning services in order to electrical and electronic appliances, Canada and Chile establish four lines of
establish rates for such services. These batteries, packaging, tires and batteries. action:
costs are equally divided among all users,
which originates the rate value, or right Later in 2017, in accordance with Law
to the cleaning service, which is charged N° 20.920, Decree N°8 Regulations of
to each user. The same law establishes the Ministry of Environment was enacted,
those automatically exempt from such which sets the procedure to prepare
payment are those users whose house or the instruments intended to prevent
housing unit that receives the service has waste generation or encouraging their
a tax valuation equal or lower than 225 recovery, as well as the procedure for
monthly tax units. setting targets and other related duties.
As of 2018, two drafts are in developing
The Ministry of Environment is which set goals for the collection and
responsible for the design and recovery for containers, packaging and
implementation of policies, plans and tires.
27
Manufacturers and importers
28
Https://acuerdochilecanada.mma.gob.cl/

1) Reduction of methane emissions and support to create enabling conditions coordination, a working group was
through technological deployment in at allowing for the scale up of the program. established composed of professionals
least seven cities. from both ministries of the environment,
4) Support with technical assistance along with an implementing agency.
2) Development of a system for tracking, of project’s communications and
monitoring and reporting emission dissemination opportunities. Table 8 shows a summary of the actions
reductions (MRV). and policies associated with GHG
The project takes place from April 2017 mitigation in the Waste sector.
3) Leverage of public and private until March 2021, and with the support
financing for the projects’ implementation of 7 million Canadian dollars. For its
Table 8. Measures related to the mitigation of GHG emissions of the Waste sector29
National Solid Waste Management Program. Policy 2005

Law N° 20.920 Regulatory Framework 2016

Framework Law for Waste Management, Extended Implemented and respective
Liability of the Producer and Promotion of Recycling regulations under development
(REP).
Recycling Fund. Economic Incentive 2017
Mitigation of Climate Pollutants in the Waste Sector Project 2016

through the Chile- Canada Program. Implemented and active
[1]
4.2.5. Mining Sector series of processes that go from ore In terms of GHG emissions, mining
extraction (open pit or underground contributes in two main ways. In the
Chile is the world's largest copper mine), passing through concentration first place, there are "in situ" emissions
producer, contributing with 27 % of and refining, in the case of sulphide resulting from the fossil fuels combustion,
global production in 2017, with exports minerals (pyrometallurgic processes); or mainly associated to transportation,
of approximately 5.5 million tonnes of leaching, solvent extraction and electro- heating, drying and material processing.
fine copper (COCHILCO, 2018a). At a winning, if it is leachable minerals On the other hand, and most importantly,
national level, copper mining is relevant (hydrometallurgical processes). The main mining consumes large amounts of
for the economy, since it contributed with copper products that Chile markets are: electrical power, most of which is
9 % of Gross Domestic Product in 2017 copper concentrate, copper cathodes generated by processes that involve the
(Banco Central, 2018) obtained with electro-winning, and fossil fuels combustion (COCHILCO,
copper cathodes obtained with electro- 2008).
The exploitation and production of refining.
copper in the country considers a
29
Further details on the various measures may be consulted in Annex 5 to this document.

With regard to emissions "in situ" of due to the above mentioned reasons the Energy Sector", which establishes
GHG emissions, the subcategory Mining (COCHILCO, 2017). a framework of policies and actions of
and quarrying in 2016 accounted for GHG emissions reduction in energy
7,967.0 kt CO2 eq, within which the In this sense, to face the energy needs the efficiency for mining and industry,
copper mining remains as the most application of energy efficiency policies emphasizing the following measures
important with a 68.9 % with respect and the incorporation of sources of (Ministerio de Energía, 2017):
to other activities in mining (iron, saliter renewable energy to the energy matrix
and other). currently constitute the main measures
used by mining companies to reduce
In relation to electricity consumption, their carbon footprint (Fundación Chile, • Establishing a regulation for a
Minimum Energy Performance Standard
on average over the past 15 years 2016).
(MEPS) for electric motors power under
copper mining has had a one-third 10 HP or 7.5 kW; and between 10
participation in national consumption: For example, in 2017 CODELCO and 100 HP, or 75 kW for equipment
This situation can be largely explained incorporated an indicator of energy of industrial use and mining, such as
boilers and mining trucks.
by three trends that have put a pressure efficiency in each of the initiatives
on the rising consumption: 1) gradual identified as a potential impact on
fall in the copper grade, which responds this matter, and a methodology for • Implementing a mandatory energy
to the aging of the mines and the measurement and verification of energy management system for major energy
increase in the mineral hardness, 2) savings. Moreover, the same year, the consumers.
increasing use of sea water, given the power supply contracts were modified to
restrictions for water supply and also achieve a 22.5 % of the total electricity • Establishing a new regulatory
due to the increasing preponderance consumption of CODELCO in renewable framework to increase investment in
in the production of concentrates, energies. The state-owned company has energy efficiency projects.
which is water-use intensive, 3) and the a Master Plan for Sustainability30, where
increase in the production of copper energy efficiency is one of the dimensions • Having a 2020 Action Plan for
concentrates, a process with an intensive to improve in the environmental area, Energy Efficiency.
use of electrical energy (COCHILCO, through a management system focused
2017). The Chilean Copper Commission on optimizing the specific indicators of • Developing a market for energy
forecasts that in 2028 Chile will reach a energy use in the production processes services companies or ESCO.
copper production of 6.3 million tonnes (CODELCO, 2018).
of fine copper, requiring close to 29.2 • Seek out financial support for scaling
TWh; that is, the increase of electricity Another important instrument is the of energy efficiency programs.
consumption would grow by 38 % "Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Plan for
Mina San José, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile
30
"A Master Plan to sustain the future of Codelco", available at:
https://www.codelco.com/prontus_codelco/site/artic/20170104/asocfile/20170104182607/pms_2016.pdf

Since 2017, it should be noted that extraction trucks to a dual internal explored. It should be noted that the
CORFO encourages through consortia combustion of hydrogen and diesel case of hydrogen production from solar
formed by the academy and mining mixtures; and to develop hydrogen energy, abundant in our country, have
companies, two projects for the fuel cells for smaller equipment (ACEE, already been built scenarios to quantify
development of a technology that allows 2018). its production cost (GIZ, 2018).
using hydrogen based on solar energy
to supply mining transportation. The Likewise, and with the purpose of Table 9 shows the measures for Mining
objectives of the projects correspond generating an internal market that related to mitigation of GHG emissions.
to: checking technical and economic supplies a future demand of hydrogen
feasibility of the transformation of for transportation, new and better ways
conventional operation of mining for its production have begun being
Table 9. Measures related to mitigation of GHG emissions of the Mining sector 31
Measures for the industry and mining sector of the Greenhouse gases Mitigation Plan for Policy 2017
the Energy sector. Under
implementation
Energy efficiency measures for mining of the Chilean Agency for Energy Efficiency. Projects 2014
Under
implementation
[1]
Minera Sierra Gorda, Cristóbal Correa Montalva - Imagen de Chile
31
More detail the various measures may be consulted in Annex 5 of this document.

4.2.6. Building, urbanization and is to move toward a sustainable urban greenhouse gases at the different
public infrastructure Sector development, that considers both phases in the life cycle of projects"
sustainable construction in the city as well (Ministerio de Obras Públicas, 2017).
With the aim of proposing a State as the efficient management of energy,
policy to guide the development of natural resources and waste which, as a The Plan, approved by the Council of
cities and population centers in the consequence, will result in a reduction in Ministers for Sustainability in November
country, in April 2012 a Presidential GHG emissions generation. In this sense, 2017, provides a reference framework
Advisory Commission was formed. the institutional responsibility lies mainly in that lays the foundation in the field of
This commission, composed of the Ministries of Public Works (MOP) and climate change for those Directorates
representatives from the academia, Housing and Urban Planning (MINVU), associated to the performance of
political and civil society, began a in coordination with the Ministry of infrastructure works inside the MOP.
process that in March 2014 ended Environment (MMA), which provides During its preparation, it was subject
with the enactment of the new National relevant inputs to address such actions. to a process of dissemination and
Urban Development Policy32 (PNDU). public consultation, which allowed
This is how in 2016, the MOP updated gathering the views and comments from
The PNDU, based on the concept of its Environmental Sustainability Policy, representatives of Ministries, academia,
sustainable development, establishes contemplating in one of its lines of action the private sector and of citizenship.
five goals: achieving a better quality of "tending to minimize the risk associated
life for people; supporting the country’s to natural events and anthropogenic In terms of structure and organization
decentralization; providing an explicit interventions in the territory, within a of information, the Plan consists of
framework that enables an institutional context of climate change" (Ministerio de three strategic axes associated to
reorganization and orders the actions Obras Públicas, 2016). In this context, adaptation, mitigation and management
of the various agencies, and public the MOP has developed processes of knowledge on climate change, in
and private actors participating in for the adequacy of its infrastructure order to comply with three specific
the cities and the territory; providing services, both for adaptation to climate objectives translated into nine lines of
sustenance and a sense of unity and change impacts and mitigation of action and a total of 23 measures, five
coherence to the reformulation of the GHG emissions, in order to contribute of which seek to add elements of GHG
various legal and regulatory bodies to the goals that Chile has set in the emissions mitigation, tending towards
that need to be modernized and adapt field of GHG emissions reduction the construction of a low-carbon MOP
to the new requirements of society; (Ministerio de Obras Públicas, 2016). Infrastructure; for example, measures
and generating certainties favoring the aimed at the incorporation of non-
coexistence of citizens in the territory In coherence with this policy and within conventional renewable energies
and enable an environment conducive the framework of the commitments (NCRE), to the incorporation of concepts
to the development of society and established in the PANCC 2017- of passive design and energy efficiency in
public and private investment initiatives. 2022, the MOP, together with the public buildings, and to GHG emissions
MMA, prepared the 2017- 2022 reduction at the stages of construction
One of the PNDU axes is the Plan for Adaptation and Mitigation and life of infrastructures. These
environmental balance scope, which of Infrastructure Services to Climate actions appear in the following table:
states that "cities are important Change33, which main objective is aimed
consumers of energy and water, as well at "incorporating the climate change
as large generators of emissions into the issue to the infrastructure services it
atmosphere, water bodies and also of provides, in order to adapt to future hydro-
soil polluters" (Ministerio de Vivienda meteorological changes in a framework
y Urbanismo, 2014). According to of resilience and sustainability, in
this, the PNDU points out that the key addition to contributing to mitigate
32
http://cndu.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/L4-Politica-Nacional-Urbana.pdf
33
http://www.dgop.cl/Documents/PlanAccionMop.pdf

Table 10. Measures related to the mitigation of GHG emissions of Building, Urbanization and Public Infrastructure sector (Public
Works)34
Incorporation of non-conventional renewable energies (NCRE) in the execution of Public Policy 2017
Infrastructure MOP. Information Planned
Incorporation of energy efficiency and environmental comfort in public building that runs the Policy 2006
MOP. Regulatory Implemented
Framework Planned
Technological
Development
Measurement and management of the carbon footprint in the works of infrastructure and Information 2018
public building that runs the MOP. Planned
Reduction of GHG emissions in the MOP´s machinery. Technological 2017

Development Implemented
Planned
Implement a platform to measure and account for the reduction of GHG emissions from the Information 2018
MOP. Planned
[1]
Source: Own elaboration based on sectorial Information
In the same line, it is well known that in Chile’s building area" (Ministerio de towards a sustainable construction.
inappropriate construction and operation Vivienda y Urbanismo, 2013), recently These voluntary guidelines seek
of houses significantly contributes to the presented the Sustainable Building to contribute to the construction of
emission of local and global atmospheric Standards for houses36 and the Manual inclusive housing, bearing in mind the
pollutants, the consumption of energy and of Sustainable Urban Elements37. different geographic issues and climate
materials, and waste generation. In this conditions of the country, giving priority
sense, the MINVU, within the framework The first corresponds to a guide of good to families’ wellbeing and care for the
of the National Strategy for Sustainable practices to improve the environmental, environment, thus aiming to give the
Building35, "instrument intended to be economic and social performance country’s inhabitants access to adequate
an orientation tool establishing the main of housing, from design to their housing, resilient and sustainable.
guidelines to encourage integration of operation, and encourages continuous
the concept of sustainable development improvement in the practices tending
Panorámica Edificio El Curvo, Antofagasta, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile
34
Further detail on the various measures may be consulted in Annex 5 to this document.
35
http://csustentable.minvu.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Estrategia-Construccion-Sustentable_ENERO-2014_VF_Baja.pdf
36
http://csustentable.minvu.gob.cl/edificacion-residencial/
37
http://csustentable.minvu.gob.cl/espacio-publico/

The Manual of Sustainable Urban water; environmental impact; materials On the other hand, within the framework
Elements, on the other hand, encourages and waste; and immediate environment. of the National Action Plan on Climate
designs and constructive methods that At the same time, the use of these Change 2017-2022, the MINVU
optimize the use of resources, making guidelines entails a series of economic, defined that their mitigation actions could
them more environmentally-friendly and social and environmental benefits, be categorized into measures of GHG
guaranteeing durability (Gobierno de among them reduction of GHG emissions emissions reduction of housing, through
Chile, 2017). of housing and the construction sector, the energy efficiency of buildings, and
along with waste. These standards will be actions that contribute to the reduction
The Sustainable Building Standards for the technical basis for the implementation and capture of emissions through
houses make up a set of six volumes of the Sustainable Housing Certification, measures and programs of investment in
covering six variables that may appear an initiative that is currently under design and urban management. These
in buildings and infrastructure throughout development and with the participation actions are presented in Table 11 below:
their life cycle, when jointly implemented, of relevant stakeholders of the sector
allow building a sustainable construction, related to the multiple aspects of interest
namely: health and wellbeing; energy; of the certification.
Table 11. Measures related to the mitigation of GHG emissions of Building, Urbanization and Public Infrastructure sector (Hous-
ing and Urban Planning)38
Subsidy for thermal conditioning of housing Economic Incentive 2005

Thermal regulation (3rd stage) Regulatory 2000

Energy Rating of houses Information 2012, operation start-up. Between 2016

and 2017, development of updated
version. 2018, in force of the updated
version
Sustainable construction standards for Chilean houses Information In 2016, in force and updated in 2017
Voluntary Actions
Certification of Sustainable Housing Economic Instrument Under development, launching in 2019

Information
Reduce the deficit of green areas in the country, through Project 2015
investment in conservation and construction of parks and Implemented and active
squares
Bikeways Plan Project 2014
Master Plan of Santiago´s bikeways Project 2013 - 2032

[1]
38
Further detail of the various measures may be consulted in Annex 5 to this document.

4.3. GHG Mitigation efforts at These differences are apparent in the Los Lagos; Aisén). Of the first group, it
profiles of the regional inventories of highlights that Biobio as a net sink of
a subnational level
GHG (RNGHGI) developed by the GHG in 1990, subsequently losing this
In addition to the actions and policies SNICHILE in early 2017, related to condition. Of the second group, it is
raised and carried out by the different Chile’s NGHGI Series 1990-201339. outstanding that each of the Regions has
sectors, there is a growing interest on the When analyzing these profiles (Figure lost its status as a net sink for at least one
part of local governments to generate 8), a group of net emitting regions40 year in the time series, a situation caused
and maintain actions identified with the is observed (Arica and Parinacota; mainly by forest fires that release as CO2,
realities of each one of the places they Tarapacá; Antofagasta; Atacama; the carbon stored in the biomass.
represent. Given the geography, the Coquimbo; Valparaiso; Metropolitan;
economy and the social reality of the O'Higgins; Biobío and Magallanes)
country, regions have very distinctive and a second group of regions that are
characteristics among them. net sinks41 (Maule; Araucanía; Los Ríos;
Figure 8. Chile’s NGHGI, series 1990-2013: GHG emissions and removals (kt CO2eq) by region and sector, year 201342.
Source: Technical Coordination Team of MMA, 2017.
On the other hand, if the balances and obtained. The analysis shows some opposite is the case of Magallanes,
GHG emissions are transformed to interesting situations, such as the case whose indicators pass the average,
comparable indicators such as emission of Metropolitan region, which although despite not being a great emitter.
intensity per unit of GDP or per capita is one of the main emitting regions, all
emissions, values from Table 12 are its indicators are below average. The
39
The values of RNGHGIs in this section do not consider the last Chile’s NGHGI, series 1990-2016, presented in chapter 2 of the second BUR.
In this regard, the values presented here have a primarily illustrative role.
40
Its GHG balance is favorable to emission.
41
Its GHG balance is favorable to absorption.
42
The AFOLU sector corresponds to the addition of the Agriculture and LULUCF sectors.

Table 12. Intensity of GHG: regional indicators per capita and Gross Domestic Product
POPULATION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

REGION Balance Total Emissions Balance Total Emissions
(tCO2 eq/person) (tCO2 eq/person) (tCO2 eq/MMCLP) (tCO2 eq/MMCLP)
Chile 4.0 6.2 0.6 1.0
Arica and Parinacota 2.9 2.9 0.9 0.9
Tarapacá 8.9 9.4 1.0 1.0
Antofagasta 31.2 31.2 1.6 1.6
Atacama 24.1 24.2 2.3 2.3
Coquimbo 3.7 3.4 0.8 0.7
Valparaiso 8.3 8.2 1.5 1.5
Metropolitana 2.6 2.5 0.3 0.3
O'Higgins 3.7 4.8 0.6 0.8
Maule -0.8 4.6 -0.2 1.3
Biobío 8.5 9.0 2.1 2.3
Araucanía -4.3 4.0 -1.6 1.5
Los Ríos -4.1 5.7 -1.1 1.5
Los Lagos -4.0 5.8 -1.0 1.5
Aisén -70,6 8.4 -12.2 1.5
Magallanes 4.8 30.7 0.8 5.1
Source: Technical Coordination Team of the MMA on the basis of information from the National Institute of Statistics and Central Bank of Chile
The dissemination and generation of and implementation of actions on climate

this type of information, along with that change.
collected by local governments is crucial
to the development of actions and At the same time, through their Regional
local policies on mitigation, coherent Ministerial Secretaries (SEREMI), the
and plausible. Currently, some local Ministry of Environment has fostered
governments have proposed actions the implementation of public policies
based on the knowledge they have on for climate change, leading the
their region. These are described below. regional coordination of the subject and
Petrohue, Lago Todos los Santos, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

encouraging the participation of other
4.3.1. Regional efforts in climate actors from the public, private sectors,
change academia and civil society.
Throughout the country it is possible to Over the past few years it is possible
show manifestations of climate change, to observe an increased activity at a
making it more urgent to take actions at regional level, particularly with regard
a local level to cope with them. From the to the gathering of local information
preparation of the Adaptation National on current and potential impacts of
Plan, Chile has an operational structure climate change on natural resources
at a regional level through the CORECCs and regional biodiversity, as well as
(Regional Committees on Climate on economic activities and population’
Change), which are the operational arm safety.
at a regional level for the coordination

Likewise, several regions have prompted renewable energy and energy efficiency to financing sources and international
a local agenda focused on public projects, among other. Activities related cooperation for the development of
education and awareness, developing to adaptation are focused on natural larger projects.
scientific seminars, citizens’ lectures, disaster risk management and quality
trainings to teachers and students among assurance of water for the population It is expected that in the next few years
other. The main theme of these activities and productive activities. the total regions of the country have
has not only been to present the climate their operating CORECC to facilitate
change phenomenon, but also posing Regarding activities financing at a coordination at the regional level,
the alternatives to contribute to mitigation regional level, the Environmental and that development of mitigation
from all levels. Protection Fund (FPA) of the Ministry of and adaptation actions are driven
Environment has been used frequently from the territory adapted to the local
The main themes of mitigation that as the main tool to finance research and requirements and circumstances.
have been addressed at a regional education activities, other initiatives can
level are related to waste management, also be highlighted that have resorted
Table 13. Examples of regional initiatives on climate change
Region Name of the Initiative Description

Araucanía "Assessment of Eco-systemic Between March 2016 and March 2018, The Seremi Araucania led the
Services and risks for cli- project: (Project Chile Mexico). This was funded by the Chilean Agency for
mate change in watersheds International Development Cooperation (AGCID) and the Mexican Agency
of Chile and Mexico." for International Development Cooperation, AMEXCID for a total of USD
204,000. This project was carried out together with the National Institute
of Ecology and Climate Change of Mexico and the Catholic University of
Temuco.
Within the framework of such project an international workshop was

called: "Impact of climate change on natural resources: Challenges and
experiences in the implementation of adaptation plans".
Tarapacá "Support to the Project developed within the framework of the cooperation program
implementation of National between the Governments of Chile (represented by the Ministry of
Contributions in the Waste Environment) and Canada, with reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
sector in Chile" (GHG) within its main axes through the implementation of best practices in
the Waste management at a municipal level (Mitigation).
The region has been, given its climate characteristics and the issues
presented by the Boro disposal site, where a technical visit was carried
out with the objective of analyzing the mitigation potential associated with
methane recovery.
Maule Breathelife Campaign Campaign led by the World Health Organization (WHO), together with
the United Nations Environment Program and the Climate and Clean Air
Coalition (CCAC), which aims to mobilize the cities and people to protect
the health and the planet from the effects of air pollution.
The city of Talca joined the initiative focusing its efforts on reducing the use
of firewood for home heating, thus contributing to the reduction of polluting
emissions by reducing the extreme pollution episodes experienced by city in
previous years.

4.3.2. Municipal environmental municipality and at the community There are five levels of certification that
certification system (SCAM) technical capabilities to implement a correspond to: (i) Basic Certification, (ii)
model that allows for environmental Intermediate Certification, iii) Advanced
Since 2009 the Ministry of Environment management from the territory, thus Certification/excellence, (iv) Outstanding
has the Municipal Environmental addressing environmental challenges excellence, and v) Accreditation of
Certification System, a voluntary from a systematic and comprehensive community environmental vocation
program that seeks to install at the perspective. (AVAC).
Figure 9. Stages of the Municipal Environmental Certification
Basic Certification: involves the Advanced Certification and excellence:

development of municipal and district This level involves the widespread
environmental diagnosis; the development implementation throughout the
of the strategy and its corresponding municipality of the above plans or projects
strategic line(s); the incorporation of created; the operation of the recycling
the District’s Environmental Committee systems; energy and water savings;
Association; the incorporation of the municipal ordinance fully in force and
Municipal Environmental Committee, operation; systems of environmental
and the execution of an agreement where participation in operation; and the total
the authority commits to the compliance compliance with the commitments of the
with the required components in the strategic lines; District Environmental
certification system, involving financial Committee and Municipal Environmental
resources and/or human. Committee, both consolidated.
Intermediate Certification: involves the Outstanding Excellence Certification:

development of plans, systems design This level involves the widespread
and implementation of pilot projects in implementation throughout the
the area of recycling, water management municipality of plans or environmental
and energy; the implementation of projects, the work of the municipality
the strategy and the strategic line(s) to gather the information of its carbon
committed; the permanent work of the footprint through the HuellaChile
District Environmental Committee and program, the review and reformulation
the Municipal Environmental Committee; of the environmental strategy, the
designs of citizens’ environmental development of a management plan of
participation systems; environmental residential waste at a community level
ordinances; design or redesign of the and deepening the work carried out by
GAL unit; and compliance with other the environmental committees. (MMA,
requirements. Manual SCAM, 2017a).
Parque Nacional Lauca, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

AVAC: the Accreditation of District sources and emission levels, which can organization. This way, to include public-
Environmental Vocation (AVAC) is a help them in decision-making. private mitigation actions is increasingly
process of continuity and to deepen of necessary, not only at a national
the Municipal Environmental Certification At a national level, it is difficult to group the level but also at the local level. In this
System (SCAM), which municipalities in private sector in terms of their emissions, context, the Sustainability and Climate
the stage of outstanding excellence may because all sectors are involved in Change Agency (ASCC) and the program
select. a direct and indirect way. However, HuellaChile were created.
characteristics may be highlighted
Eight years after its start-up, the system in a generalized manner regarding The ASCC was created by the Agreement
currently has the participation of 220 emissions by sector: In the energy sector, 2947/2016 of the Board of Heads of
municipalities, 39 at the basic level, on the one hand, power generators are the Production Development Corporation
51 at the intermediate level, 53 at the private and on the other hand, private (CORFO) and as a continuator of the
level of excellence, and 10 in AVAC. organizations are responsible for direct National Council for Clean Production,
The remaining 27 municipalities joined emissions due to energy self-production is a committee of CORFO whose mission
the last year and have not yet been and transportation, and indirectly by is to encourage the inclusion of climate
categorized. (MMA M. d., 2018). electricity consumption. With regard change and sustainable development
to emissions from the IPPU sector, these dimension in the private sector and in
Aware of the effectiveness achieved by correspond mainly to private industries, the territories. This through voluntary
the SCAM and the possibility delivered particularly in recent years, the use of agreements, coordination with other
to incorporate new environmental issues refrigerants in the commercial sector. public institutions, capacity-building
in the territory, in the formulation of The Agriculture sector, on its part, also initiatives and the implementation of
the National Action Plan on Climate generates emissions mainly through programs and projects that contribute
Change (2017-2022) the progress in private organizations. With respect to to the construction of a sustainable
the climate change management at the LULUCF, the private sector plays a minor economy, resilient and low-carbon. At the
level of municipalities was established role. Finally, in the Waste sector, sewage same time, to support the implementation
as a line of action, by integrating it to treatment plants and major landfills are of international commitments of Chile in
the Environmental Certification System private, and private industries generate these matters.
in the phase of Accreditation of District liquid waste. It should be noted that
Environmental Vocation in the areas an important part of the private sector One of the main instruments of the
of energy, water, waste, urbanism is made up of companies that play an Agency are the Clean Production
and biodiversity. This is accompanied important role in the emissions by third Agreements (CPA), as defined in article
by actions to strengthen regulatory, parties, such as the real estate sector, 10 of Law 20.416 of the Ministry of
educational and inter-sectorial work at recycling, sale of vehicles and bicycle Economy that secures the special rules
a local level, (includes the generation services to mention a few examples. for small companies. An APL is an
of climate-environmental risks maps) agreement between a business sector
(MMA, 2017b). This section describes initiatives that and the institutions of administration of
by their nature contribute to GHG the State which objective is to implement
4.4. Mitigation initiatives in mitigation, involving the participation of cleaner production through goals and
the private sector private organizations. specific actions, thus contributing to the
sustainable development of companies.
In addition to the public sector, the 4.4.1. Public-private actions (CPA,
private sector is involved each year with HuellaChile)
greater strength in initiatives related to
the reduction of GHG emissions in the The challenge of climate change
country. In this line, one of the first steps involves all actors of society in their
of private organizations is to know their scales of administrative and geographic

Reserva Nacional Isla Mocha, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile
In 2012, APLs were registered and process with various actors. In particular, of the web page (www.huellachile.cl),
then validated with the UNFCCC as the the following eight priority areas were a tool for calculating GHG emissions
first Nationally Appropriate Mitigation identified where there is need for public- inserted into the Single Window System
Actions (NAMAs) of Chile. From 2016, private action to make progress in of the Pollutants Release and Transfer
reductions achieved through the CPAs emissions mitigation, adaptation to the Register (PRTR), reporting formats,
are publicly reported, based on the impacts of climate change and the other and the system of mutual recognition
Guidelines for a generic framework for components of sustainable development according to the level of management
MRV for NAMAs in Chile of the Ministry consisting of: achieved. The development of the
of Environment. In total, between 2012 calculation tool included a pilot program
and 2017, 79 CPAs have been signed 1. Financial Sector with the voluntary participation of 40
with a reduction of 457,438 tCO2eq. 2. Forestry Sector organizations.
More updated information on this NAMA 3. Fisheries and Aquaculture Sector
can be found in section 5, here in below 4. Agricultural industry Sector The second stage developed since
in this report. 5. Freight Transportation Sector 2015 corresponds to its implementation,
6. Watersheds and water resources which highlights three main elements:
Moreover, the Agency is promoting the 7. Waste Sector a calculation tool of GHG emissions
Chilean Green Investment Platform (GIP) 8. Cities at the organizational level, technical
as an economic instrument. The objective support (includes trainings, technical
of GIP is to mobilize investments towards On the other hand, the HuellaChile meetings, delivery of clarification by
low-carbon technologies and resilient to program arises from the Ministry of means of telephone or e-mail, among
climate change ("Climate Investments") Environment with the goal of fostering other) and delivery of recognition logos
with an emphasis on micro, small and the quantification, reporting and to participating organizations.
medium businesses. GIP is a public management of Greenhouse gas
initiative that seeks to leverage private (GHG) emissions at the organizational Until May 2018, a participation of 434
funding towards this type of investment level in the public and private areas. organizations from different economic
through financial instruments backed by It has been developed in accordance sectors has been recorded, as it may
the State of Chile. with the following standards: NCh- be seen in Figure 10. The Program has
ISO 14064:2013 (Part 1, 2 and 3); delivered 118 HuellaChile recognitions
In January 2018, the Agency presented NCh-ISO 14065:2014; NCh-ISO for quantification (109), reduction (7),
the document "Recommendations 14066:2012; NCh-ISO 14069:2014 neutralization (1) and for excellence in
for a public-private work agenda to and NCh 3300:2014. the GHG management (1), of which 49
year 2030 in the field of sustainability were delivered during 2016 and 69 in
and climate change" (Agencia de The design and planning stage, 2017.
Sustentabilidad y Cambio Climático, implemented during the years 2013
2018), developed under a participatory and 2014, involved the development

Figure 10. Participation of the different sectors in the HuellaChile program
Source: HuellaChile, 2018
It should be noted that in 2017 a measures of climate change to a private the country. Of the private sector,
recognition of neutralization is delivered company. agricultural industries, tourism, energy,
for the first time, giving a new perspective industry, mining, logistics and fishing
to the effective participation of the Until April 2018 more than 40 areas have participated; in addition,
private sector to the potential voluntary workshops have been organized on professionals of municipalities and other
implementation of national mitigation the calculation of GHG emissions and public agencies have been trained.
actions. It also delivers a logo of their management, with over 1,000
excellence for incorporating additional participants, in different cities across
Parque Pingüino Rey bahía inútil tierra del fuego, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile

The following activities were carried out during the implementation of the program:
• Implementers and verifiers table, which aims to reach agreements with respect to the verification process and propose methods for
integration into the program, identifying benefits and barriers for different types of organizations.
• System of verifiers Accreditation: In 2015 arises from the Ministry of Environment, through the HuellaChile Program, the need to
create a system of accreditation of verifiers in the management of GHG emissions. Currently, the National Institute of Standardization
is developing such a system, based on international experiences on requirements for organizations which perform verification and
validation activities, together with the start-up of the incorporation of the ISO/CASCO Mirror Committee, aimed to begin the discussion
of the international standard ISO/IEC CD 17029 draft, General principles and requirements for bodies performing validation and
verification activities.
• Support local environmental management: since 2015 HuellaChile and the team of Local Environmental Management (GAL) began
supporting municipalities that are participating in the Municipal Environmental Certification System (SCAM), so that they can be part of
the HuellaChile program. This support consisted in trainings to those responsible for the environmental certification of municipalities at
advanced levels in different regions of the country.
• Negotiation and implementation of goals of GHG management in Clean Production Agreements (CPA). To date, there has been
participation in the negotiation of the processed foods III and Transportation CPAs. Additionally, the team of HuellaChile has supported
the implementation of the goals related to the management of GHG emissions of Containers and Packaging, Smelters III, San Antonio
Port logistics APL, among other. This support involved training to those responsible for the facilities participating in the various agreements
on quantification and reduction of GHG emissions, and about the use of the calculation tool of the program.
• Consultancy for the preparation of GHG reduction guides at offices and in the agricultural sector. During 2017 a consultancy
developed for the preparation of a guide to best techniques and technologies for the reduction of GHG emissions at offices and in the
agricultural sector. The objective was to support the generation of information for the encouragement of the implementation of GHG
reduction actions in the sectors mentioned.
• Estimation of local emission factors. During 2017 and 2018, with the participation of interns, work was done in the obtaining of
local emission factors, including electrical subsystems, raw materials and commodities, waste treatment and disposal, among other. The
calculation of these factors is carried out through the life cycle assessment (ACV).
The challenging activities to be developed by the program are:
• Updating calculation tool, includes error fixing and improvements for quantification of GHG emissions. In addition, to incorporate into
the tool a system for calculation and reporting of GHG reductions through implementation of mitigation actions, as well as reporting
neutralization and excellence.
• Generation of local emission factors mainly associated with waste management.
• Preparation of guidelines and rules for the accounting of GHG reduction by the implementation of actions.
Parque Nacional Llano de Challe, Amelia Ortúzar - Imagen de Chile

4.4.2. Other mitigation initiatives in The information on mitigation actions represent an opportunity for business,
the private sector driven by the private sector was including energy efficiency measures,
based on both the collection of public waste management, eco-design,
As indicated in the report of 2016, the documents, as well as on opinions among other. Although this reason was
private sector remains a key player in delivered in interviews of representatives mentioned in the information collection
the field of mitigation. On the one hand, of associations and other private for the second BUR, now it was mentioned
the mitigation potential will significantly organizations43. This methodology is the by the vast majority of the respondents.
influence real options for compliance same that was used for the second BUR,
with international commitments; and, on but more actors were added.
the other hand, it has a main role in the
implementation of potential mitigation As a general comment, it outstands
public policies that are defined at that the companies identify that the
national or local level. implementation of mitigation actions
On the other hand, it indicates that the following causes for the implementation of mitigation actions:
43
Personal communication with Agency of Sustainability and Climate Change (ASCC), the Development Committee of the Solar Energy Industry
(Solar) Committee, Business Leaders Against Climate Change (CLG-Chile), Action Companies, Global Compact Network Chile, Carbon
Disclosure Project (CDP), Energy Efficiency Agency, Electric Companies A.G., Generators of Chile A.G., the Chilean Wood Corporation
(CORMA), National Society of Agriculture (SNA), Association of Exporters of fruits of Chile (ASOEX), Association of Swine Producers of Chile
(Asprocer), National Society of Fishing (SONAPESCA), Wines of Chile, ChileAlimentos, Mining National Society (SONAMI), Cement and
Concrete Institute of Chile, FISEM, National Association of the Recycling Industry (ANIR), between March and April 2018.

In addition, the creation of the Clean of new commitments related to the in mining based on hydrogen fuel cells.
Development Mechanism (CDM) is implementation of mitigation actions. Regarding the latter sector, considering
mentioned as an enabling condition the general water deficit and its use in
for companies to consider climate As a future trend in the development of production processes, the need to assess
change in their management and not new mitigation measures, it is expected new water sources is projected, such
only as an outside event on the way that the housing sector is an important as desalination of water and driving of
of doing business. This allowed the agent for promoting actions, as well as the this resource with use of NCRE, which
creation of capacities within companies, ground transportation, mainly associated have an impact on both mitigation and
which generated the continuation to the development of electromobility, or adaptation.
The agreement, at the beginning of

2018, between the Government of Chile
and the companies partners of the Power
Generator Association of Chile (AES
Gener, Colbun, Enel and Engie) should
be considered as a vision in the medium
and long term, by which they undertake
to end new developments of coal-fired
power plants, and a phased withdrawal
or reconversion of units of coal power in
the framework of the Energy Pathway. In
detail, they agreed (Gobierno de Chile y
Generadoras de Chile, 2018):
1. The above-mentioned companies

undertake not to start up new
developments of coal-fired power
projects that do not have systems of
carbon capture and storage, or other
technologies equivalent to this date.
2. A Work Table will be created to analyze

the technological, environmental, social,
economic, security and sufficiency
elements of each plant and the electrical
system as a whole, among other allowing
to establish a timetable and conditions
for the programmed and gradual
cessation of the operation of coal-fired
power plants that do not have systems
of carbon capture and storage, or other
equivalent technologies.
3. The Ministry of Energy will coordinate

this Work Table to which all relevant
institutions in this process will be invited.

Detalle bicicletas públicas en Santiago, Roderik Henderson - Imagen de Chile
In this line, on June 11, 2018, the The balance of the authorities on this
Table of Energy Decarbonization (MDE) system is positive, and to enhance
met for the first time, which aims is the its preference and massive use, in
analysis of the effects of retirement and/ some of the districts where it has been
or conversion of coal units, in order to implemented, plans were started for the
strengthen the discussion about the creation and/or improvement of the road
decarbonization process. The MDE is infrastructure to support the coexistence
integrated by power companies, public of bikes with other means of motorized
sector, independent institutions, unions, transportation.
associations of consumers, ONGs,
trade unions, municipalities, civil society, Additionally, a bill has been presented
academics and international agencies that reduces the maximum speed for
(Ministerio de Energía, 2018). motor vehicles in urban roads to 50
Parque Américo Vespucio, Cristobal Correa - Imagen de Chile

Km/h, to facilitate the coexistence of
At the same time, in 2013 started the cars and bicycles in areas where there is
first automated system of public bicycles no road segregation.
of Chile, inter-districts initiative which
currently covers 14 districts of the Likewise, work has been done to
Metropolitan region, and which in its first incorporate high standards to the new
two years of operation already had 200 bikeways and regulate the traffic of
stations, more than 2,000 bicycles and cyclists on sidewalks and walkways.
close to 25,000 registered users. (MMA,
2015). In addition, and to encourage
a modern and sustainable system, the
stations work with solar panels that give
energy autonomy to its operation.

On the other hand, it highlights organizations that crosswise support the private sector on climate change initiatives, through workshops,
work programs, seminars and platforms:
• Acción Empresas: Since 2018, it defines Climate Change and Circular Economy as one of its six thematic lines. This line has an
Executive Committee, who will define the work program during the next two years, with indicators and specific goals. In addition,
training courses and workshops that address a specific subject of climate change will be carried out. During 2016 and 2017 meetings
and workshops were also held related to this topic.
• The Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP): during 2017, the implementation of 14 workshops which provide information on how to answer
the CDP questionnaire related to climate change issues has been supported. On the other hand, an online platform for the whole Latin
America to deliver an assessment to companies on their actions is expected in 2018.
• Business leaders against Climate Change (CLG-Chile): organization with the participation of 19 leading companies that are a part of
a network of centers in the world that form the Corporate Leaders Network for Climate Action driven by Great Britain which, together
with the academy, drive policies and instruments that facilitate the transition towards a low- carbon economy, that in turn translate into
opportunities for sustainable development for our country, from a high level summons, leadership and business innovation. Outstanding
is the co-organization of the seminar for the Financial Sector, as well as support in the implementation of the training workshop on
tradable emission systems (GIZ and PMR).
•Red Chile Global Compact: in 2017, a specific work on climate change has begun to arise, through a group of leading companies
in the ODS 13, Action for Climate. The objective of this group is to work together to achieve progresses that contribute to the goals
13.1, 13.2 and 13.3 of the corresponding ODS. Within the tasks assumed by the companies, individual commitments are identified
that include defining measurable goals of GHG, consumption and energy efficiency, sustainable raw materials, in addition to sharing
experiences and good practices. It is still in the initial phase, to then identify details of the goals, dates, benefited, and more information
about the expected results. In addition, during 2016 and 2017 this organization held various meetings and workshops to strengthen
capacities in the field of climate change.
Table 14 presents the update of mitigation initiatives and means of implementation in the sector.
Río Huasco,Vallenar, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

Table 14. Mitigation initiatives and private means of implementation by sector
Sector Description Progress presented in BUR 2 (2016)

Energy (a,b,c) Considers the opinion of professionals and experts Reduction of GHG emissions and generation through NCRE
in the sector, based on their knowledge and sources. The sector will be subject to the next taxation regarding
experience. its CO2 emissions.
Includes the vision of generators, distributors and
transmitters in addition to government programs
for the development of the industry.
Transportation The transportation sector has various edges. LATAM aviation company is working since 2011 to reduce its CO2
On the one hand, the companies of road cargo emissions according to the sectorial strategy driven by the IATA
transportation represented by the Association (International Air Transportation Association). Improve efficiency in
of Chile Transportation are addressed in this the use of fuel by 1.5 % per year. Reaching carbon neutral growth
table. Additionally, CORMA, which includes the in 2020. Reduce emissions by 50 % in 2050, compared to 2005.
transportation of wood, addresses this sector. Average annual reduction of 2.5 % in fuel use between 2012 and
Also, the actions of international maritime 2015.
transportation and air transportation are also
addressed in this row.
In this section of the previous BUR actions of
Metro, EFE and LATAM were reported. In this
report the progress of METRO and EFE are
reported in the public sector and LATAM in this
section.
Mining (d,e) The sector in Chile can be separated into Large- Cooperation Agreement between the Ministry of Energy and
scale mining and Small and Medium-sized mining. Mining Council (2014) to encourage energy efficiency. Each
SONAMI gathers more than 3,000 entrepreneurs partner conducted an audit and a plan of action was presented in
from both groups and the Mining Council 2015. In 2016, the 10 principles of the CM on Climate Change
represents only the great Mining (14 partners, were published. SONAMI is a member of the International Council
95 % of copper production) including the State’s on Minerals and Metals (ICMM), which in 2015 presented a
company Codelco. statement on climate change.
This update considers the opinion of professionals
and experts of these institutions, based on their
knowledge and experience.

Updated initiatives of mitigation actions Updated initiatives of implementation means
The Power Generators Association reported the following initiatives: Regarding the Power Generators Association:
1) Agreement between the Power Generators Association of Chile and the Government of 1. Analysis and communication of environmental
Chile in order not to develop new coal-fired power plants (Gobierno de Chile y Generadoras performance (e.g. reporting GHG emissions).
de Chile, 2018). In addition, the Energy Decarbonization Table (MDE) was incorporated to Some report through Carbon Disclosure Project.
progress in the withdrawal and/or conversion of coal-fired units (Ministerio de Energía, 2018). 2. Participate in initiatives associated to climate
2) Greater investment in power plants of renewable source (PV, wind, hydro, biomass). change as Coal Pricing Leadership Coalition,
3) Development of I+D pilot projects (algae that capture CO2). CLG (Business Leaders Against Climate
4) Incorporation of an implicit price of carbon in the assessment of projects. Change), and Presidential Permanent Advisory
The Solar Committee reported the following progresses: Committee on Climate Change.
5) Development of the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology through the Solar District 3. Study on mitigation measures and expenses
Technology. curve. (POCH, 2017).
6) Encourage technological adaptation, for example adapting the photovoltaic panels to local
conditions in Chile. (Technology Program photovoltaic systems for deserts).
7) Financing 60 projects of self-supply in PYMES of up to 80 % of investment between 2015
and 2016 together with the Regional Government of Biobío. In addition, based on these
projects an assessment was made to raise best practices and know about the development of
the associated industry.
On the other hand, electrical companies report on:
8) Participation of the association in energy efficiency projects such as the replacement of
streetlights and labelling of electrical appliances.
In relation to freight transportation, in November 2016 the Clean Production Agreement of Regarding the Clean Production Agreement
Road Transportation Sector was executed. This Agreement is addressed to 32 companies of of freight transportation, it is expected at the
cargo road transportation located in the national territory, in order to incorporate additional end of this agreement to have the results of
measures to those mandated by the regulations in force, associated to the decrease in fuel GHG reductions of companies adhering to the
consumption, increased recycling and recovery of waste, thereby contributing to climate agreement.
change mitigation. With regard to LATAM, they annually monitor
One of the goals of this agreement is to reduce GHG emissions, for which we have established their GHG emissions.
training actions, calculation and reporting of annual GHG emissions at the organizational Throughout 2016, the work prioritized the
level, considering a base line. On the other hand, Chiletransporte association will consolidate pursuit of efficiencies in the cruise stage of
the results of the previous action and calculate GHG reductions. flights, which comes to represent a 95 % of
Then, regarding the progress presented in the previous report, LATAM reports that it has total consumption. A high-tech system began
achieved a 27 % less in the road transportation of 2012 to 2016 and during this period it has to process the information of flights and check
been compensated for, including travel of collaborators and other indirect emissions, 26,573 it with the pre-established plans, allowing the
tCO2eq (LATAM AIRLINES, 2017). identification of reduction opportunities for route
The initiatives of eco-efficiency in fuel consumption also had a positive impact on GHG to route. (LATAM AIRLINES, 2017).
emissions, with the reduction of 440,300 tCO2eq emissions of 2016 (LATAM AIRLINES,
2017).
It is estimated that the initiatives implemented of the Great mining action plans within the The partners of the Mining Council have
context of the cooperation agreement could generate reductions in energy consumption delivered 3 progress reports of the action
between 3 and 5 %. It includes improvements in logistics, operations and technology. plan (2015, 2016 and 2017), they have
According to SONAMI mitigation actions are under implementation in small and medium officials responsible for Energy Efficiency and
mining in the form of associations, together with the Agency of Energy Sustainability or incorporated the concept to the institutional
through ENAMI. culture.
Both SONAMI and Mining Council provide
information annually on direct GHG emissions
to Cochilco.
On the other hand, the sector participates in
the solar technology institute of Corfo, in the
technology RoadMap 2015-2035, and in the
Corfo project "Integration of solar thermal
technologies in the Chilean metallurgical
industry to improve their competitive
advantage".

Cement (f,g) It considers the opinion of professionals and Participation in international associations such as the Cement
experts from the Inter-American Federation of Sustainable Initiative (CSI).
Cement (Ficem) and the Institute of the Cement The replacement of fossil fuels through the co-processing with
and Concrete of Chile (ICH) based on their industrial waste is limited by the lack of regulation.
knowledge and experience.
Forestry (h) It considers the opinion based on the knowledge Co-generation of energy through biomass as a solution to the
and experience of professionals and experts in the industry’s waste management.
sector that brings together companies throughout
the production chain including plantations, native
forest, transportation, cellulose, boards, sawmill,
ports and research, represented by the Chilean
corporation of wood (Corma).
Agriculture (i,j) It considers the opinion based on the knowledge
and experience of professionals and experts in
the sector including the SNA, National Society
of Agriculture, which objective is to support
entrepreneurship in Chile and public actions in the
agricultural sector (is subdivided by categories,
such as Fedefruta, Fedeleche, Corma, etc.)
and the Association of Exporters of Fresh Fruit
(ASOEX).
Wine (k) It considers the opinion based on the knowledge Wine companies respond to a greater experience in the subject
and experience of professionals and experts in the because of the requirements they have to comply with to export to
sector represented by the association of Wines of certain countries.
Chile.
It should be noted that in terms of production and
participation in the market, it is concentrated in a
few large companies, but at the same time it is a
diverse sector with large number of stakeholders,
including agricultural suppliers even to the
production process.

The production of cement in Chile uses approximately 30 % of natural ash (pozzolan) which Development of a roadmap of the sector during
significantly reduces its carbon footprint with respect to cement in other countries. this 2018, which includes an improvement in
On the other hand, the use of waste as fuel additive and fuel material (debris, TAS sludge; the estimation of GHG emissions in the sector,
household waste; construction aggregates) is still limited by lack of regulations, which could identifying gaps in knowledge and technical
have an impact on reduction of GHG emissions in the sector. indicators of performance.
In the context of the law REP, of the energy use of waste tires, among other, has been offered The ICH together with MINVU and other actors
as an alternative for final disposition. are starting a proposal work to implement a
The construction of roads using concrete instead of asphalt has been encouraged, considering calculator of GHG emissions from buildings.
that this alternative can generate a reduction in fuel consumption of 5 %.
Along with the use of biomass as an energy source, the sector has been actively involved in Corma is a part of the Council of Forestry Policy
fire prevention (driven by the large fires of the summer 2016-2017). In 2017 the network of and Policy Council of Infrastructure, which are of
community prevention was created that has trained 350 local communities also with support interest to assess and encourage implementation
by the ASCC. of actions with impact on mitigation of GHG
On the other hand, the use of wood in construction has been encouraged, considering that the emissions, such as freight transportation
use of this material might have a lower carbon footprint.
Among the initiatives implemented by these organizations that lead to a reduction of GHG According to the SNA, in general, the actions
emissions include: that have been implemented have their focus on
1) Fertilizer Application Program based on an assessment of the need and not by schedule. adaptation and mitigation, are not independent.
It encourages the efficient use of fertilizer and research in biofertilizers. Increase in certifications such as GAP (good
2) To encourage the installation of photovoltaic panels as a source of energy for use in cold agricultural practices) that require measurement
chambers. of carbon footprint.
3) To improve working conditions a break in the hours of higher temperature of the day was ASOEX has developed guidelines for
implemented, which brought as co-benefit a decrease in energy used to cool the fruit at the sustainability, use of agrochemicals and energy
packing. efficiency among others.
4) To foster more efficient irrigation actions including techniques and technologies according to SNA reports:
the type of production. - Participation in financing the agriculture climate
5) To encourage genetic improvement associated to a lower use of agrochemicals and atlas of Chile, 2017, being relevant to the
adaptation to new conditions with increased drought. actions of the sector.
6) Program of Corfo for adaptation to climate change in the production of blueberries, - Training and formation: “SNA educa” has
includes actions of efficiency in the application of agrochemicals, irrigation, among others. 20 technical colleges which included as
relevant topics energy efficiency and renewable
energies.
- Specialized Center of Irrigation by SNA educa
in San Fernando, with the aim of providing
the knowledge and skills in the use, operation
and maintenance of these technologies to our
students.
- Awareness with radio programs in Radio
Agricultura, the Radio that invites panelists
specialized in climate change to discuss this
issue.
The main initiative encouraged by the sector is the Sustainability Code of Wine, which This code has already certified 75 % of bottled
goal is the sustainable production of wine. In the environmental aspect, it includes aspects wine exports.
energy efficiency, pest management, packaging, along with monitoring of GHG emissions Through the Association of Wines of Chile it is
at the corporate level. To fulfill this aspect, calculation tools of GHG emissions have been expected in about a year to have data collection
generated. Each establishment must have a base line and define their own GHG reduction of the establishments’ certificates that allow
goals with measures including energy efficiency, soil coverage, integrated pest management, estimating a value with goal and total reduction
conservation of biodiversity, among other. of GHG emissions.

Fisheries (l) It considers the opinion based on the knowledge
and experience of professionals and experts in the
sector represented by National Society of Fishing
(SONAPESCA), which includes boats, processes,
shipyards and exporters.
Containers and It considers the opinion based on the knowledge

packaging (m) and experience of professionals and experts in the
sector represented by Center of containers and
packaging. (Cenem), which provides technical
support to the development of industry with
participation throughout the entire value chain:
raw material, additives, services, manufacturers
(70 %) and recycling.
Waste (n) It considers the opinion based on the knowledge

and experience of professionals and experts in the
sector represented by the National Association of
the Recycling Industry (ANIR) which includes the
participation of 21 partners.
Source: Own preparation based on interviews with the following institutions: (a) Generators of Chile A.G; (b) Solar Committee; (c) Electric Companies A.G.; (d)
The Mining Council; (e) SONAMI; (f) Cement and Concrete Institute of Chile; (g) FICEM; (h) CORMA; (i) ASOEX; (j) SNA; (k) Wines of Chile; (l) Sonapesca; (m)
Cenem; (n) ANIR.

In 2014, in Coquimbo region a program of change of the material of fishing nets by one Certifications, including the Marine Stewardship
lighter was implemented, which generated a decrease in consumption of fuels in fishing Council (MSC) program.
vessels. This practice was afterwards implemented in other fisheries of the country. Declaration for responsible and sustainable
Alliance with Bureo Net Positiva in 2016 for reuse of fishing nets as an input for other fishing on the basis of Conduct for Responsible
products. This alliance includes study of number of networks and education and training on Fisheries of FAO (2015)
reuse of wastes.
In recent years, progress has been made in the optimization of materials and industrial waste, The sector in general is interested in quantifying
partly driven by the REP law. Highlighted, for example a decrease of 15 % of the thickness the carbon footprint of its products.
in the production of glass bottles in 2010 (ecoglass) and in 2017 the sector agrees to a Within the program TransformaAlimento is
reduction of 5 %. the measure of how to generate indicators of
On the other hand, the technological replacement has made processes more efficient, with the country environmental impact assessment
actions such as photovoltaic energy and projects development for the recovery of solvents in including life-cycle analysis of carbon footprint
some companies. of packaging. The objective of this program,
funded by Corfo, is to increase the exports
between 2015 and 2025.
The REP law is very relevant to encourage actions in the sector. Among the companies,
initiatives related to energy efficiency as well as decrease of waste generation have been
implemented.
The reductions of GHG emissions from recycling are not produced mainly by the
implementation of initiatives within each company, but the greatest impact is reflected in the
increase of recycled materials participation in the country, having a result on the reduction of
GHG emissions.

5. NATIONALLY APPROPRIATE
MITIGATION ACTIONS (NAMAS)
According to the UNFCCC, the it would seek international support, their widespread use. In general, the
concept of NAMA refers to any action facilitated by a technical file developed developers of mitigation actions have
that reduces emissions in developing for those purposes by the Ministry. The achieved international support for their
countries and is prepared under the initial portfolio of Chile’s NAMAs was preparation through mechanisms and
umbrella of a government initiative. constituted with several proposals, international projects for which there
These actions can be policies to achieve in particular from the Ministries of is no requirement on the Convention
transformational changes within a Agriculture, Energy and Transportation. record.
sector of the economy, or actions of all
sectors for a broader national approach. With the opening of the prototype for the 5.2. Summary of Chilean
NAMAs are supported and facilitated registration of NAMAs and subsequently NAMAs
by technology, financing and capacity the official register (NAMA Registry),
building, and are geared to achieve Chile was able to complete the work and In Chile, six sectorial NAMAS are
a reduction in emissions relative to the in October 2012 it was the first country identified, with different levels of maturity
"business as usual" scenario in 2020 in the world to register a NAMA with the and available information. All of them
(CMNUCC, 2018). UNFCCC (NAMA of Clean Production are registered in the NAMA Registry of
Agreements). However, despite the the UNFCCC. Some of the NAMAs have
5.1. Chile’s NAMA initial enthusiasm for the instrument, it undergone significant changes in their
has not been able to increase the interest design that are embodied in the ANNEX
The Climate Change Office (OCC) of of project developers with mitigation 6. A brief summary of the Chilean
the Ministry of Environment initiated in potential. It is not that there is a lack NAMAs recorded in the NAMA Registry
October 2010 a process of gathering of initiatives, but rather that the added is presented in Table 15.
ideas and proposals for NAMAs of the value that provides the registry does not
major emitting sectors of Chile, for which appear to be sufficient to encourage

Table 15. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions of Chile recorded in the NAMA Registry
Gas and Estimated GHG

Name Description Period Progress
Sector reduction
Renewable Encourage the Energy 2015- 1.5 MtCO2eq. Currently the NAMA of consumption is under
Energies for incorporation of CO2 2022 implementation status.
self-consumption renewable energy
in Chile (SSREs) systems for self-supply With regard to the technical component of
in Chile through the the draft NAMA Support Project, this is at the
creation of financial stage of implementation, while the financial
and technical conditions component is approved and in preparation.
suitable for the
early stages of the
development of this
emerging industry.
Green zone for It contains four specific Transpor- 2014- 1.43 MtCO2eq The study Baseline, System of Measurement,
transportation initiatives (scale up and tation and 2022 Reporting and Verification (MRV) and
in Santiago replicable) to encourage Infrastruc-
quantification of the co-benefits of NAMA
modes of transportation ture
of low-carbon emissions CO2 "Green Zone for transportation in Santiago-
content: ZVTS" (completed in October 2016). The
1) Promotion of vehicles general objective was to carry out a plan
from zero and low of MRV to determine the baseline and the
emissions in the fleets assessment of impacts on GHG emissions and
in light vehicles; 2) co-benefits of the NAMA ZVTS.
More efficient buses for To carry out the main goal and specific
public transportation; objectives a methodology was developed
3) Promotion of use of which included three phases of work:
non-motorized vehicles
4) Management and Phase 1 of "Update": phase of the project
redesign of transit which upgraded the NAMA Green Zone in its
system. four initiatives, as well as identified relevant
actors and characterized the national sectorial
context in terms of policies and regulations.
Phase 2 of "quantification": phase which

characterized the base line, determined the
reduction potential and developed the plan of
MRV of the NAMA Green Zone that allows
evaluating the impacts of the NAMA on
emissions and co-benefits.
Phase 3 of "Sustainability": phase which

has the purpose to establish the conditions
for sustaining the NAMA Green Zone in the
medium and long term, analyzing barriers
and the requirements for financial and
technical assistance.

Gas and Estimated GHG
Name Description Period Progress
Sector reduction
Design and The objective of the LULUCF 2013- 42 MtCO2eq During 2016 and 2017 interventions
Implementation NAMA is included 2025 have been carried out in six projects of
of the strategy in the framework of early implementation of preventive forestry
on climate the ENCCRV, serving and restoration. The surface of the total
change and as technical and intervention corresponds to 58 hectares,
vegetation economic support for with an area of influence of 976 hectares,
resources the development of benefiting directly 28 owners and indirectly
studies and activities to 18,634 inhabitants of rural areas. It is
aimed at identifying and estimated an annual volume of reduced
reducing weaknesses of emissions of 3, 400 t/CO2eq.
baseline information in
addition to increasing On the other hand, CONAF has developed
the capacities of the first summary of information about the
national technical and approach, concerning and compliance
regional teams related with safeguards for the formulation of the
to ENCCRV. ENCCRV of Chile, which was presented to the
The goal of reducing UNFCCC secretariat in February 2018.
emissions considers the
implementation of the International courses in the context of
total of the ENCCRV, vegetation resources, climate change and
considering having the desertification.
funding at international
and national levels.
Clean Produc- CPAs are intended Crosswise 2012- 18.4 MtCO2eq Reduction of GHG emissions accumulated
tion Agreements to implement cleaner study 2020 2012-2017: 457,438 tCO2e.
(CPA) in Chile production through
goals and actions within On the basis of the schedule, the expected
a specified period of value is of 105 CPAs signed in 2017. There
time. It is a standard are 79 CPAs signed44 as of 2017 in this
that sets goals and period, resulting in a 75 % progress at signing
specific actions to be CPAs. It is important to note that of these 79
implemented by a CPAs signed in the period 2012 - 2017, only
productive sector, based 9 CPAs are considered in this report.
mainly on the best The site https://sites.google.com/cpl.cl/sfe/
techniques available on resumen-estadístico-ascc contains periodically
the market. updated operational data of the different
Agreements managed by the Agency of
Sustainability and Climate Change.
44
This considers the pilots of new types of territorial agreements and pre-investment studies characterized by a methodology for generation and
mode of operation different from that of the CPAs based on technical standard, 3 pre-investment associated to commitments in the framework of
the installation of productive plants of sufficient size to have to issue statements or environmental assessments, 3 of watershed management and
1 of territory management for fire prevention.

Sector y Reducción de GEI
Nombre Descripción Periodo Progreso
Gases estimada
Energy recovery Energyc recovery of Energy, 2018- The reduction of Between June 2016 and February 2017,
of organic agricultural industrial Waste 2030 emissions accumulated through the project Low Emission Capacity
waste (former organic waste (NAMA to 2030 for each Building (LECB), a study for the generation
National waste-to-energy or CO2; CH4 technological of technical inputs for designing the bases
Program for NAMA waste to alternative, for a new NAMA waste-to-energy ("waste-to-
Industrial and energy) considers the considering a energy").
Commercial mitigation of GHG coverage of 70 %
catalyzing emissions (methane) at energy recovery of the The scope of work also considered the
in the a national level, through priority waste of the development of technical aspects that are used
management of the implementation of country as of 2030, as inputs to, later, progress in the structure of
organic waste technologies of energy is: the NAMA. To implement this, it is necessary
in Chile) recovery of waste: - Incineration with to develop aspects not covered in this work
waste incineration energy recovery: 7.42 (e.g. financial structure of the NAMA).
with energy recovery, MtCO2e.
pyrolysis, gasification - Pyrolysis: 6.84
and anaerobic MtCO2e.
digestion. - Gasification: 6.85
MtCO2e.
- Anaerobic Digestion:
60.96 MtCO2e.
Carbon CO2 Capture on the Agriculture, To be 65 to 80 MtCO2e. This initiative was registered as a NAMA in
sequestration part of the soil, through Forestry/ defined Estimation the UNFCCC in January 2018.
through its stabilization. AFOLU Methodology
sustainable CO2 to capture CO2
management of The initiative consists of expected.
soils four (4) stages: The calculation was
Stage 1: Research made on the basis that
basis for generating a 5% of the agricultural
Geographic Information area of the country
System to assess the (rounded up in 100
current conditions of thousand ha), will end
soils. Design of NAMA up being handled in a
and creation of a conservative manner,
software that accounts and that the expected
for the measures of increase of soil
catches of C in soils and organic carbon will
its impact, developed be of 4 percentage
for the conditions of points, meaning each
Chile. point 45 tC or 169
Stage 2: Plan Design tCO2 per hectare.
for positioning and This comes from the
dissemination of the following assumptions:
Software. • Apparent density=
Stage 3: Dissemination 1.5 g cc-1.
to the final beneficiaries • Impacted soil depth
of the software. in the first 30 cm of
Stage 4: implementation the soil profile.
and promotion
of conservative
management of soils.
Source: Own preparation

6. APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTS AND
MECHANISMS OF CARBON PRICING TO ADDRESS
ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES
While the world continues to explore (NDA), in accordance with the modality
global mitigation efforts of post-2012 and procedures for the CDM, which
GHG emissions, countries such as Chile features a technical committee, chaired
are looking for new and profitable ways by the MMA, to review and assess the
to intensify the reduction of emissions background of each project to grant
and encourage financial flows, including the National Approval Letter (LoA), and
market-based instruments. Chile has represent that the proponents of the CDM
already used market instruments for the projects are involved on a voluntary
management of natural resources, mainly basis, and that the project activities
in water rights, fishing and air quality. contribute to sustainable development in
the country.
6.1. Clean Development
Mechanism of the Kyoto From 2003 to date, the NDA of Chile has
granted approval letter to 153 national
Protocol
projects, of which 102 (61 %) have
Futaleufú, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile

Since Chile ratified the Kyoto Protocol in been registered with success before the
2002, it has actively participated in the CDM Executive Board, 7 (4 %) are under
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) validation phase, 56 (34 %) have been
and has become an important actor of rejected and 1 (1 %) were withdrawn
the registered projects in Latin America voluntarily by its proponents (Figure 11).
and the world. In 2003 it established
its National Designated Authority
Figure 11. Status of the Chilean projects
Source: own preparation of the MMA based on information from United Nations

Projects registered or in the process of places the country in third place. Thirty landfill gas (14 %), biomass (12 %),
validation (109) represent 1.3 % of of these projects (27.5 %) are small methane avoided (7 %), solar energy
the projects of the world, with which scale. Figure 12 shows that the majority (7 %), nitrous oxide avoided (3 %),
the country is the ninth in the world, are related to hydroelectricity (31 forestation (2 %) and other types (6 %).
and 9.9 % in Latin America, which %), followed by wind energy (18 %),
Figure 12. Typology of registered CDM projects and under validation
It is important to note that 77 MDL 13 shows that the main contribution and finally, the methane avoided (0.1%).
registered projects and under validation comes from wind energy (42.7 %), Chile ranks fifth among the countries with
correspond to new forms of energy, followed by hydroelectricity (35.7 %), the largest number of installed capacity
which have contributed with 4,023 MW solar energy (13.4 %), biomass (5.8 %), for MDL projects of solar and wind
of installed capacity in the country. Figure geothermal (1.8 %), landfill gas (0.5 %) energy.
Embalse Santa Juana, Vallenar, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

Figure 13. Installed Capacity (MW) of the registered CDM projects and validation by typology
With regard to the Certified Emission Figure 14 shows that the main typologies overall of the CER, these represent only
Reduction (CER) issued, 41 registered that have issued CERs are landfill gas 10% and 5% of the projects emitting
projects have already generated a total (25%) followed by nitrous oxide (24.7%), CER, respectively. Of these CER emitted,
of 30 million CER, representing 1.6 % of methane avoided (17.6%), biomass to date 747,190 have already been
the CERs issued in the world and 11.8% (15.8%) hydroelectricity (14.6%), called off voluntarily (UNEP, 2018).
in Latin America, which positioned Chile forestation (1.4%), wind energy (0.9%)
as the sixth country with more CERs and change of fuel (0.1%). On the other
issued in the world and third in Latin hand, while the methane and nitrous
America. oxide avoided contribute with 42.3%
Figure 14. Percentage of CER issued and registered CDM projects that have issued CERS, by type

6.2. Partnership for Market effective national commitments for GHG achievement of the following expected
Readiness (PMR) mitigation. results: (i) Strengthen the scheme of
the current carbon tax, assessing the
Chile was the first country that feasibility of extending its scope to other
The PMR Chile project, implemented by implemented PMR to achieve full sectors and sub-sectors and increase its
the Ministry of Energy (MINENERGIA), implementation of its components during rate, and the feasibility of implementing
ended its first phase of implementation the first stage. As a result, on March 22, a system of mandatory reporting of
on September 4, 2017 after its start up 2017 the PMR Meeting of the World GHG emissions; (ii) Implementation
in 2014. The financial and technical Bank approved an additional donation of an integrated platform of MRV for
resources provided by this platform, along of USD 1.98 million for a second phase mitigation actions in the energy sector,
with the institutional efforts deployed by of implementation, which will run until in order to give account of those actions,
both the MINENERGIA, MMA and the 31 August 2019. their results and understand its sectorial
SMA, allowed implementing the MRV
contribution to the fulfillment of the NDC
system that supports green taxes. It also This additional funding has enabled to of Chile under the Paris Agreement, and
enabled further discussion on the scaling give continuity to the products generated (iii) continue the assessment of schemes
of green taxes and potential transits in each of the technical components of the for carbon pricing instruments for the
toward new instrument choices of carbon first phase of the PMR (i.e., components energy sector in Chile.
pricing that contribute to achieving cost- 1, 2 and 3) and progress towards the
Table 2. Additional phase components of the PMR project in Chile
The activities proposed for the additional phase are executed through two new components that are added to the PMR-Chile:
• Component 5: improvement and supplementation of the scope of current carbon tax and the registration system.
Considered to be within its expected results: (i) assess the first year of implementation of the carbon tax in order to deliver recommendations
to address some of the impacts of its operation, such as costs of implementation, arrangements of regulated entities, fundraising,
operation of the registration system and MRV system, among other; (ii) implement the recommendations identified in the assessment
of the tax that permit their continuous improvement; (iii) support the efforts of the Ministry of Environment to implement a system of
mandatory reporting of greenhouse gases.
Its implementation is led by the Ministry of Environment (MMA), in coordination with the Ministry of Energy (MdE), Ministry of Finance
(MdH), Superintendence for the Environment (SMA) and Internal Tax Service (SII).
• Component 6: Assessment alternative plans of carbon pricing for the energy sector.
Under this component, alternative carbon pricing in the medium and long term, their contribution to the reduction of GHG emissions in
the context of compliance with national commitments on climate change under the Paris Agreement and their role in sectorial climate
policies of our country in the future will continue being evaluated. In this context contributes to: (i) The implementation of a simulation
tool of climate policies in the energy sector. Assessment of complementary initiatives of carbon pricing, including the identification of
possible trajectories of emissions reductions and corresponding measures in the energy sector up to 2030; (ii) Development of an MRV
scheme for accounting for emissions reductions of mitigation actions related to energy.
Its implementation is led by the MdE, in coordination with the MMA and SMA.
• Component 3 and 4:
These two components will continue to be executed in the additional phase, as are crosswise and required to support two new
components mentioned above. Thus, under Component 3, will continue running the strategy of communication, consultation and
participation with decision-makers and other interested parties, and strengthening technical expertise in the public and private sector
with regard to the new activities proposed for the additional phase of the Project PMR-Chile, while under Component 4, will include all
the activities associated with the administrative, financial and management control of the PMR-Chile Project.
Source: Own preparation

6.3. Green taxes and made a payment of the tribute. The operating system of the Integrated Project
total collection amounted to USD 191.3 Bank (BIP) (Ministerio de Desarrollo
Effective on January 1, 2017 the first GM. The CO2 tax explains the major Social, 2018).
green taxes regime (or pigovian) in portion of the total (88 %). Taxes on local
the country. The main objectives of pollutants explain the remaining 12 % In addition, the National Investment
this instrument are to support and (MP (8 %); (NOX (3 %); and SO2 (1%)). System (SNI) is the entity that regulates
complement efforts to decrease the local With respect to sectors, the greatest and governs the process of public
air pollution - the main environmental contribution focuses on the power investment in Chile. It brings together
problem in Chile- as well as mitigating generation sector (94 %). Other sectors all the principles, methodologies,
greenhouse gases in a cost-efficient contribute marginally (Cellulose (2 %); standards, procedures and instructions
manner. The tax levies emissions of local Agricultural (1 %); Fisheries (1 %), and that guide the formulation, evaluation
pollutants (MP, NOX and SO2) and the other (2 %)). and implementation of basic studies of
main global pollutant (CO2) of all those investment initiatives that apply to public
establishments that have boilers and/ funds, with the aim of encouraging those
or turbines which together add up to a 6.4. Carbon Social Price who are more profitable for society
thermal power greater than or equal to and to respond to the strategies and
50 MWt (MW thermal). In Chile, the social price of carbon policies of growth, economic and social
is studied at the Ministry of Social development of the nation.
Previously, in December 2016, Development (MDS); this institution,
the Regulation of green taxes was which sets standards and manages the In this sense, the economic value
officially published and reported to the subsystem of ex-ante assessment of the of carbon, through a social price
establishments affected that: (i) had to National Investment System, performs a applicable on the social evaluation of
enter to the Pollutant Release and Transfer set of activities designed to support the public investment projects, enables to:
Register (PRTR) of the MMA; (ii) Inform the decision-making process in the allocation
SMA the type of methodology that would of public resources.
• Ensure that the climate impact of public
use each of their sources to quantify investment is accounted for;
their emissions, by adopting one of the In particular, the Division of Social
12 options proposed by the emission Assessment of Investments, dependent • Ensure consistency in decision-making
measurement protocol developed by from the Undersecretary of Social in all policies of the State;
the SMA; and (iii) report on a quarterly Evaluation, is composed of Investment,
basis their emissions affected through the Studies, Methodologies Departments • Improve transparency scrutiny of
Single Window system of the PRTR (VU- and the Training Unit. This Division decision-making of public investment;
PRTR). is responsible for the development of
standards, instructions, and procedures • Contribute to efforts to reduce long-term
On April 30, 2018 the first year for the formulation and evaluation of emissions;
of operation of the green tax was investment, developing and updating
completed. A total of 94 establishments of assessment methodologies initiatives, • And contributes with resilient
affected, including 303 sources (boilers training of public workers on these infrastructure to climate change.
and turbines) reported their emissions matters and administration of the
Sobrevuelo al Cabo de Hornos, Felipe Gera Malgor - Imagen de Chile

This is how, in 2013, the Division of Social Technology at the University of Biobío of externalities associated with the
Assessment of investments of the MDS, (CITECUBB) for the MDS and MOP. generation or reduction of greenhouse
made an estimate of a social price of gases, being relevant for transportation,
carbon using as estimating methodology In addition, social assessment of energy and waste projects.
the market price of the instruments that projects integrates the quantification
are traded under the Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM). For 2013, the social
price corresponded to 4.05 USD per ton
of CO2, and in 2016 it reached 8.45
USD per tonne of CO2.
In 2016, with the support of the British

Embassy in Chile, the consulting firm
POCH conducted an update of concepts
and methodologies for the quantification
of social costs and shadow prices. From
this review, the UK model was selected to
estimate a shadow price of carbon from
Chile’s willingness to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions, according to its goal of
mitigation under the Paris Agreement.
This way, with the new methodology
used, the calculation of the shadow price
is based on the abatement cost curve that
enables meeting the goal of mitigation in
the country, which delivers a range of
20 to 43 US$/tCO2, with an average
value of USD 32/tCO2 (Ministerio de
Desarrollo Social, 2017).
The applications carried out at the

stage of ex-ante assessment of projects
concluded that having a social price of
carbon allows application to estimate
changes in CO2 emissions in projects
of public buildings, roads, airports,
rural potable water, railway cargo and
passengers projects, among other.
The social price of carbon has been

implemented in the social assessment
of public building projects, through
energy efficiency measures, applying
the ECSE PROGRAM tool (efficiency
and social costs in buildings), developed
by the Center for Research in Building

7. MEASUREMENT, REPORTING AND
VERIFICATION OF MITIGATION ACTIONS
Since the start of the international climate In this aspect, from 2011 Chile has inconsistencies, assumptions, indicators,
regime, measurement, reporting and worked in independent MRV systems etc.). Among the results, mitigation
verification (MRV) of the progress of the that have served as management tools actions that are developed in the country
Parties has been one of the most important to NAMA, and to build capacity through with different scopes and limits were
components. For climate policy to be the international support of various identified, and a structure of analysis
designed and implemented effectively, projects. This is how in 2014, thanks to was proposed based on information
the parties need reliable information the sponsorship of the United Kingdom maps to identify the interrelationships
on emissions, actions and support both through its Prosperity Fund, the Ministry between actions and policies and to be
at international and national level ( of Environment (MMA) developed the able to apply the accounting rules.
(Partnership on Transparency in the Paris document "Guidelines for a generic
Agreement, 2018). In this sense, the framework for MRV for NAMAs in 7.1. MRV Chilean Technical
UNFCCC Parties must communicate to Chile" (Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Team
the Conference of Parties (COP), through 2015), which explains how impacts on
the UNFCCC secretariat, information on GHG emissions and other co-impacts In the framework of the UNFCCC, the
the climate actions that have been taken of mitigation actions can be measured, concept of MRV is not new, since it has
or planned to take in order to implement reported and verified, and whose main been implicit in one way or another in the
the Convention. This allows them to objective is to allow the consistency of decisions and multilateral mechanisms
keep each other informed about their the MRV approaches applied to these such as a fundamental part in the follow-
actions at a national level and serves actions in Chile and to support the up to the progress of each of the Parties
as the basis for the COP to evaluate the procedure of coordination between the on issues of climate change mitigation.
implementation of the Convention by the various systems. While it was developed In Chile, since 2010 and after the
Parties (CMNUCC, 2015). for NAMA, it can be used for any type of declaration in Copenhagen on the
action that generates mitigation of GHG voluntary reduction of GHG emissions
In this regard, the challenge of GHG emissions. through the NAMA, this subject became
mitigation in Chile and in the world even more important becoming a standing
not only has to do with the reduction of On the other hand, during 2016, the item of work within the subjects related
emissions or the increase of removals, Climate Change Department of the to the mitigation of GHG emissions in
but also with the transparency and MMA, through the project Low Emission the country. At the same time, with the
consistency with which to report Capacity Building (LECB), developed a Paris Agreement, the importance of the
these commitments. For this reason, study to define basic accounting rules NDC as essential tools for achieving low
accounting rules that will be used for mitigation actions in Chile and GHG emissions has been revealed. To
within the framework of international preliminarily design the contents of a meet these commitments, it is expected
agreements pre and post 2020 acquire possible platform for centralized MRV. that mitigation actions, as well as other
relevance, in addition to the correct use This study had as additional objectives initiatives, play an important role in
and application of systems for MRV of identify the linkages and synergies reducing emissions.
mitigation actions in each country. between the information generated
by the National GHG Inventories
According to this, the goal of making (SNICHILE) and the MRV systems used
MRV in Chile is to encourage the in Chile, and count with a preliminary
transparency of the activities of GHG analysis of aspects related to accounting
mitigation through mechanisms to rules for mitigation actions, and MRV in
monitor compliance with its objectives. Chile (double counting, methodological

Among the various instruments that make The ETMRV-Chile is constituted as an catalogue of documents composed of
up the climate change policy in our instance of permanent work that aims studies and reports made by the different
country, outstands the implementation to encourage communication and institutions participating in the ETMRV-
of the mandate set out in the Statement interaction between the various actors that Chile on this matter, the generation of
of Cali, signed in June 2017 in the give a follow-up to the efforts to mitigate fact sheets that are intended to inform the
12th Summit of the Pacific Alliance, climate change in the country, exchange various initiatives that these institutions
which highlights the importance that our of experiences and lessons learned on are developing within the framework of
country can count on a robust system of MRV, and the development of different the MRV of climate change, allowing all
follow-up through the MRV of actions and objectives associated with this subject in participants of the Technical Team have
accounting of emissions of climate. In this the short and medium term; in addition, a basic knowledge on these. In addition,
sense and as a way to take advantage it acts as a channel of direct information a survey was designed and processed,
of existing synergies with the work on the main decisions and trends at that allowed to raise information on the
associated with the current framework the international level on MRV and its needs and challenges of the members of
of MRV of the Convention, the MMA relationship with Chile's commitments to the ETMRV-Chile in the topic of the MRV,
convened in January 2018 to a meeting the UNFCCC and the Pacific Alliance. with the purpose of putting together a
that had as objective to the formation Account with a team, housed in the work program, products and activities
of a technical team to allow progress leadership of the Climate Change Office for the period 2018-2019.
to be made in the national coordination of the Ministry of Environment, which
of various existing initiatives on MRV has the work of coordinating the actions
of climate change. Nine public sector pursued by the country, both nationally
institutions45 officially nominated a and internationally, around the MRV
representative, resulting in the formation systems in the field of climate change.
of a technical team for monitoring,
reporting and verification of climate Among the achievements of the ETMRV-
change, ETMRV-Chile. Chile to date is the elaboration of a
Cordillera del Valle de la Luna en San Pedro de Atacama, Juan Ernesto Jaegger
45
In alphabetical order: Energy Efficiency Agency, Agency of Sustainability and Climate Change, the Development Committee of the Solar
Energy Industry, National Forestry Corporation, General Directorate for Civil Aviation, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of
Environment and the Superintendence for the Environment.

7.2. MRV Initiatives under sectors (Pizarro, R., Pinto, F. y Ainzúa, MWt. However, the subject to the tax is
Development S., 2017b). The institution responsible only those that belong to an establishment
for developing and implementing the which together add up to a thermal
system of MRV for green taxes is the power equal to or greater than 50 MWt.
7.2.1. MRV CO2 taxes Superintendence for Environment (SMA). In addition, it prepared and published
a Handbook for Registration of boilers
The design and implementation of the The system of registration of and turbines for payment of Green Taxes
system of measurement, reporting and establishments and their sources affected (Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, 2016).
verification (MRV) of emissions subject is a fundamental element prior to the
to green taxes, was built considering: (i) subsequent configuration of the MRV Following the handbook of emissions
the consistency between the challenges system. The MMA, through the Single quantification elaborated by the SMA
of generating the information needed to Window system of the Pollutant Release (2016) , establishments subject to tax
operate both taxes on local pollutants and Transfer Register (VU-PRTR), serving returns must express to the supreme audit
(MP, NOX, SO2) and the global (CO2); as we have set forth in regulation of institution (SMA) methodologies for the
(ii) sectorial differences among the actors green taxes, enabled a record for all quantification of emissions that used
subject to the tax (technologies), and (iii) natural or legal persons, owners of one for each one of their emission sources
the regulatory consistency, in respect or more boilers and/or turbines with (boilers and/or turbines).
of the rules governing the different a thermal power input of more than 5
Quantification methods are concentrated in three types:
• Dots or sampling: through a team of sampling for posterior analysis in the lab or in situ measurement. Deliveries the concentration of
output and the flow is representative of the time of measurement.
• Continues: Data Collection and analysis in real time of emissions, through a continuous emissions measurement system (CEMS).
• Estimate: indirect quantification of emissions through emission factors (associated with the specific productive process), and the level of
annual activity (hours of operation, fuel consumption, among other).
From these three methodologies and The report of emissions responds to All the establishments subject to the
depending on the Environmental the protocol for report of emissions green tax should report through the VU-
Instruments (ICA) that regulate each elaborated by the SMA (2018). It seeks PRTR. Like the measurement system, the
establishment, 11 Measurement to regulate the administrative duties reporting system is in conformity with the
alternatives were originally established, relating to the drafting of the report type of ICA that rules the establishment.
plus an additional alternative (12), of data and background information Also, the sources report through the
which could be proposed by the necessary for the calculation of the tax, Information System of Thermal Power
establishment and which later had to for each source, which performs the Plants (SICTER) if this affects to the
be validated by the sanctioning body Internal Tax Service. In addition, the Supreme Decree No. 13 of 2011
(Superintendence for the Environment, instructive sets the rules for sending an (D.S.13/2011), or through a system of
2016). However, after the first year of individual report to the National Energy green taxes (IMS) if it is not affected the
measuring emissions affected, by way Commission (CNE) and the National Decree. In line with the periodicity of the
of simplification, the SMA amended Electrical Coordinator, containing report of the D.S.13/2011, the report
protocol of quantification of emissions, the consolidated data, with hourly of all sources subject to tax will be done
shortening it to 7 + 1 methodological breakdown of the emissions generated quarterly.
alternatives (Superintendencia del Medio for each of the power generation units
Ambiente, 2018). (GEU) subject to coordination.


The verification of emissions is governed by the protocol of emission verification implemented by the SMA (2018). This establishes a set
of activities and procedures aimed at:
• Check that the systems and monitoring procedures comply with the indicated in the proposal of quantification sent by the regulated
and approved through resolution by the SMA.
• Check that the methodologies for measuring/sampling are applied in compliance with the guidelines of reference methods upon which
they are based.
• Check that the data reported are consistent with the operational data indicated by the establishments.
The verification exercise comes through the evaluation of the MRV change in The first challenge is the one with the
an environmental audit activity previously emissions in the energy sector and will greatest progress, since to date a
set by the SMA (R.E. 1.184/2015). allow monitoring the progress of such number of mitigation actions have a
The activities are translated into tests actions throughout its implementation. monitoring of their impacts and, in the
of information, sampling, measurement Inspired by the standard policy and case of those actions that do not have
and/or analysis, to an inspection, or a action of the World Resources Institute one, work is already being done on the
combination of these. (WRI)46, the six principles that govern this determination of methodologies using
system are: Relevance, Completeness, methodologies validated internationally
7.2.2. MRV of Energy sector Consistency, Transparency, Accuracy as a reference. As a solution to the last
mitigation actions and Comparability. two challenges, work is being done on
two complementary systems on MRV of
To fulfill international commitments that During 2017, the consultants Inodu mitigation actions in the energy sector:
Chile has assumed and move toward a and Carbon Trust, commissioned by MRV of Energy District and Certification
low-carbon development for the energy the Ministry of Energy and the PMR- of Energy Savings in Energy Projects
sector, actions that generate the correct Chile Project, conducted the study (CAPE).
incentives to encourage investment "Determination of general requirements
in low-carbon technologies and to of a system of measurement, reporting
encourage a change in production and verification for the monitoring
practices and energy consumption are and follow-up of mitigation actions,
being implemented. In pursuit of this and emission reduction projects; and
objective, it is necessary to ensure the proposal of a recognition program for
correct quantification of the reduction emissions reduction in the Energy sector"
of GHG emissions that generate these which sets out the basis on which the
actions. system will be implemented. The scope
of this MRV considers both public sector
Paisaje Patagonia, Aysén, Felipe Cantillana -Imagen de Chile

The systems of MRV of mitigation actions, and the private sector. The
actions represent an important challenges presented are three:
management tool that countries use to
identify national priorities in the field 1. Accounting for mitigation actions
of disaster mitigation and track your implemented by the national government.
progress toward the achievement of
national goals of mitigation. The MRV 2. Accounting for mitigation actions
of mitigation actions in the energy sector implemented by local governments.
will make it possible to identify the
impact of interventions such as: projects, 3. Accounting for mitigation actions
programs and mitigation policies in implemented by the private sector.
the energy sector. This will facilitate
46
http://www.wri.org/publication/policy-and-action-standard

7.2.5. MRV Energy District associated with the implementation of 7.2.6. Savings Certificate for Energy
projects at the local level in the framework Projects (CAPE)
The program the Energy District supports of the Program. This with the purpose of
municipalities to develop local energy having a solid basis of accounting, that Currently, the Agency of Energy
strategies with action plans designed supports to value the positive impacts of Sustainability manages the certification
from the community, giving the Energy the Program and also to link the potential of savings for energy projects (CAPE),
District seal to those municipalities that reductions to compensation and/or based on a standard mechanism
have significant advances in local energy certificates of carbon in domestic or (International Protocol IPMVP), which
management. Also, as a boost to energy international markets. seeks to facilitate the information
action, fosters a local energy investment report of the results, energy and
market, generating the conditions that For this, it will be developed a consultancy GHG mitigation obtained after the
bring to households and local actors in funded by the Development Bank of Latin implementation of an energy project.
the business of energy, encourage the America (CAF), within the framework of
implementation of energy projects raised the application of Energy District to the The certification is designed for
in local action plans. Green Climate Fund. This consultancy enterprises, institutions, agencies
is aimed at the development of a or similar, with energy projects
In order to strengthen the energy and methodology of MRV of GHG emissions in their facilities, can validate the
climate action, the Program Energy and the design of financial mechanisms actual reductions in consumption as
District will develop a system of MRV for the implementation of projects in the a result of its implementation. In the
to quantify GHG emission reductions framework of the Program. certification three bodies participate:
• Management Entity (Agency of Energy Sustainability): entity in charge of managing the CAPE mechanism. It is the one reviewing the
assessment and issuing then certificates of Annual Energy Savings.
• CAPE Assessor: natural person accredited by the entity managing the CAPE mechanism, either dependent or independent worker. Who
is responsible to assess and verify that the information declared by the customer is truthful, on the basis of the mechanisms and regulations
of certification. It is also responsible for sending the information assessed from the different stages, for review by the Agency.
• Client: Legal Person (organization) that requests the entity managing to certify the savings of an energy project in particular.
In summary, the company requests

the CAPE Assessor for advice in the
Planta Solar Fotovoltaica María Elena, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

determination of the savings through
Protocol IPMVP, this develops the Plan
of Measurement & Verification, which
is validated by the Agency. The CAPE
Assessor develops a report of savings
according to a set format in an Assessment
Tool Web site. The Agency reviews the
foregoing and issues a certificate of
savings, which delivers values in both
units of energy avoided and in CO2eq
avoided emissions. These certificates will
be reported to the manager of the MRV
of mitigation actions in the energy sector.

7.2.7. MRV Renewable Energy for through retrofits to existing homes in the by Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru.
self-supply projects (SSREs) residential sector in the whole national On June 30, 2017 these countries signed
territory. the Declaration of Cali, which states in
One of the activities of the technical its Point 5: 'Our conviction to continue
component of the project to support 7.2.9. ENCCRV Measurement and to encourage a green growth strategy
the self-supply NAMA (NAMA Support Monitoring System as a way to meet the challenges of cli-
Project) is to support the design of an mate change, particularly affecting the
MRV system for the sector SSRE, which The system of measuring and monitoring47 region; and we reaffirm the Declaration
is currently being developed by the (SMM) of the National Strategy on which we signed at COP20/CMP10, in
Ministry of Energy and the GIZ. Climate Change and Vegetation Lima, in December 2014, as well as our
Resources 2017-2025 (ENCCRV), is endorsement of the Paris Agreement of
The MRV model under development will intended to demonstrate the results of December 2015; and we will intensify
allow to quantify the reduction of GHG the activities related to the objectives, the efforts of our countries in the field
emissions from renewable energy projects goals and commitments made during the of measurement, reporting and verifica-
for own consumption. This applies to implementation of the ENCCRV through tion of CO2 and other greenhouse gases
GHG mitigation of renewable energy transparent procedures, coherence and emissions with a view to identifying pos-
projects resulting from the NSP project, effective. sible mechanisms of voluntary market in
as well as to the mitigation achieved by the region.
the NAMA for national self-consumption. Its overall objective is to provide data
The MRV system in design does not and information transparent, consistent
consider the measurement of other and accurate over time, which enables
impacts or co-benefits. In summary, the to present and prove the results of the
objective is to develop a system of MRV interventions of the ENCCRV, in particular
individually to calculate GHG reduction those that are implemented directly in the
from a bottom-up approach. Renewable territory, by means of estimation of the
energy technologies considered in the historical situation, and initial through
quantification of emissions reduction are: a robust system to measure, report and
photovoltaic, solar thermal, wind, micro generate the essential inputs to verify
and mini hydro, geothermal heat pumps, the changes that occurred during the
biogas and biomass. implementation of the measures of action
Fauna marina en Reserva Nacional Pingüino de Humboldt, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile

and the achievement of the ENCCRV
7.2.8. MRV Reconditioning of results.
existing housing projects
The main areas are:
Under the project "Local Action to Support
Chile's NDC Achievement", executed - Mitigation of climate change; GHG
by the World Bank in conjunction with emissions and removals from forestry.
the Ministry of Energy, funded by the - Adaptation to climate change;
National Determined Contribution desertification, land degradation and
(NDC) Partnership Support Facility drought (DDTS).
and the Energy Sector Management - Other environmental services and
Assistance Program (ESMAP) Efficient additional social benefits to the previous
and Sustainable Buildings Program, is ones.
developing an MRV system that allows
them to monitor energy consumption 7.2.10. MRV Pacific Alliance
savings and quantify GHG emissions
reduced due to the implementation of The Pacific Alliance (AP) is an economic
energy efficiency measures applied initiative and development established
47
https://www.enccrv-chile.cl/index.php/documentos/item/455-sistema-de-medicion-y-monitoreo-de-la-estrategia-nacional-de-cambio-climatico-
y-recursos-vegetacionales

The counterpart of the Canadian
cooperation in the field of MRV is the
informal technical sub-group of the MRV
AP.
7.3. Next Steps
7.3.1. Registration and information

platform
Given the different types of mitigation

actions that are carried out in Chile, and
the diversity of systems used to measure
the progress of indicators associated with
these actions, the study on accounting
rules also addressed the conceptual
and preliminary design of the contents
of a centralized platform of MRV for the
country.
Currently, Chile has MRV systems for

NAMA (for example, NAMA in the
forestry sector or NAMA of self-supply),
In addition, and as an annex to the Subgroup has met on three meetings. The for programs (for example, production
same statement (Appendix 16.1.), it first two meetings took place in January agreements volunteers or programs
undertook to 'Analyze the scope of 2018 (Chile), and the last meeting took monitored by the Agency of Sustainability
systems of measurement, reporting and place in March 2018 (Colombia). It is Energy), for targets (for example, the goal
verification (MRV) in the field of climate currently working on a roadmap to guide of efficiency monitored by the Ministry
change (accounting, emissions, etc.) the work of the Subgroup until 2020. of Energy), etc., all of which are or will
in the countries of the AP'. This led to be developed in different computing
the emergence of initiatives to meet the The Declaration of Cali attracted the platforms (Centro de Energía , 2016).
mandate. interest of the international community.
The Government of Canada, which The registration platform of mitigation
In this sense, at the regional level, in the had already formalized in 2016 a actions, that it will be fed by the various
inside of the AP the 'informal technical cooperation framework with the AP, MRV systems, must take into account
sub-group' was created in the field of committed resources by CAD 1.6 million the nature of the measures monitored
MRV of emissions and reductions of to support a joint technical work on MRV, by these systems. The proposal of the
GHG. The Sub-group responds to the with a view to the establishment of a study of accounting rules is based mainly
Technical Group of the Environment and carbon price in the region. on the creation of a policies database
Green Growth (GTMACV), which aims or measures with an impact on the
to strengthen the growth and sustainable Canadian support is implemented by reduction and removal GHG. All the
development among member countries the International Emissions Trading institutions that adopt measures would
of the Alliance. Association (IETA) and ClimateCHECK. have access to this database, and it
The first is an organization that brings would work as an interface between the
The Secretariat of the Sub-group is together a number of companies. It has individual MRV systems and the institution
held by the country that has the overall extensive experience in the promotion that is responsible for canalizing the
coordination of GTMACV. Currently, the of instruments of carbon pricing, information reported to the UNFCCC,
coordination is the responsibility of Chile particularly systems of tradable emission which is the Climate Change Office of
and its focal point is the Head of the permits (STD), while the second offers the MMA (Energy Center, 2016).
Climate Change Office of the MMA. The digital services to support MRV systems.

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items/7172.php
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unfccc.int/news/new-handbook-fortransparency-of-actions-of-developing-countries
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mitigation/workstreams/nationally-appropriate-mitigation-actions
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cl/Listado%20Temtico/Proyeccion%20de%20consumo%20de%20agua%20en%20la%20mineria%20del%20cobre%202017-
2028%20V4.pdf
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de https://www.codelco.com/memoria2017/site/artic/20180312/asocfile/20180312173857/reporte_sustentabilidad_2017_
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CEPAL Evaluaciones del desempeño ambiental: Chile. Recuperado el 29 de Junio de 2018, de https://www.cepal.org/es/
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mf/1462549405politicaforestal201520351.pdf
Conaf y Minagri. (2016). Nivel de Referencia de Emisiones Forestales / Nivel de Referencia Forestal del Bosque Nativo de Chile. Santiago:
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e2biz y River Consultores. (2015). Impacto de la Agenda de Energía en la Mitigación del Cambio Climático. Santiago: Ministerio de Energía.
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State-and-trends-of-carbon-pricing
EUROCLIMA. (2014). EUROCLIMA. Obtenido de EUROCLIMA: UN PROGRAMA DE COOPERACIÓN REGIONAL: http://www.euroclima.

org/es/euroclima/que-es-euroclima
Fundación Chile. (2016). Desde el Cobre a la Innovación: Roadmap Tecnológico 2015-2035 en el marco del Programa Nacional de Minería
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Generadoras de Chile. (2014). Sector Generación. Boletín del Mercado Eléctrico, 4.
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PLANTAS A CARBÓN. Obtenido de http://generadoras.cl/media/page-files/391/180129%20Comunicado%20no%20mas%20
nuevas%20plantas%20a%20carb%C3%B3n%20-%20ME%20MMA%20Generadoras%20de%20Chile.pdf
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IPCC. (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment.
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F.,D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boshung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia
. Cambridge, United kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University press.
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ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg3/index.php?idp=421
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contaminantes. Santiago: Preparado para Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el desarrollo (PNUD).
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somos/
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unica/footer/sostenibilidad/LATAM-Reporte-de-Sostenibilidad-2016.pdf
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MIDESO. (2017). Estimación del precio Social del CO2. Obtenido de http://sni.ministeriodesarrollosocial.gob.cl/download/precio-social-
co2-2017/?wpdmdl=2406
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cl
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uploads/2017/07/plan_nacional_climatico_2017_2.pdf
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Partnership on Transparency in the Paris Agreement. (2018). Partnership on Transparency in the Paris Agreement. Recuperado el Junio de
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Pizarro, R. P. (2017b). Elaboración e implementación de un sistema MRV para los impuestos verdes en Chile. Obtenido de https://
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Pizarro, R., Pinto, F. y Ainzúa, S. (2017b). Elaboración e implementación de un sistema MRV para los impuestos verdes en Chile. Obtenido de
https://www.4echile.cl/4echile/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Folleto_Impuestos_Verdes_3_esp_t.pdf
Pizarro, R., Pinto, R. y Ainzúa, S. (2017a). Estrategia de los impuestos verdes en Chile. Obtenido de https://www.4echile.cl/4echile/wp-
content/uploads/2017/12/Folleto_Impuestos_Verdes_1_esp_t.pdf
Poch. (2016). Integrando el Cambio Climático en el Sistema Nacional de Inversión Pública de Chile.
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Obtenido de http://generadoras.cl/media/170613_Informe_final_estudio_proyeccion_emisiones_GEI_y_medidas_-_POCH_
Generadoras_de_Chile.pdf
Red de Pacto Global. (2013). Sistema Integración de los Principios del Pacto Global, SIPP . Santiago.
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Santiago.
Subsecretaría de Transportes. (2018). Subsecretaría de Transportes. Obtenido de http://www.subtrans.gob.cl/nosotros/
Superintendencia del Medio Ambiente. (2016). Instructivo para la cuantificación de las emisiones de fuentes fijas afectas al impuesto
del artículo 8° de la Ley N° 20.780. Obtenido de http://www.sma.gob.cl/transparencia/doc/resoluciones/RESOL_EXENTA_
SMA_2016/RESOL%20EXENTA%20N%201053%20SMA.PDF
Superintendencia del Medio Ambiente. (2018). Instructivo para la cuantificación de las emisiones de fuentes fijas afectas al impuesto del
artículo 8° de la Ley N° 20.780. Obtenido de http://www.sma.gob.cl/index.php/impuestos-verdes
UNEP. (2018). Obtenido de http://portal.mma.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/plan_nacional_climatico_2017_2.pdf
UNEP RISOE. (2013). Understanding the Concept of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action. Dinamarca: UNEP Risø Centre.
UNFCCC. (Septiembre de 2014). United Nation Convention on Climate Change: Climate Finance . Obtenido de http://unfccc.int/
cooperation_and_support/financial_mechanism/items/2807.php
UNFCCC. (Septiembre de 2014). United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change. Obtenido de Glossary of climate change
acronyms: http://unfccc.int/essential_background/glossary/items/3666.php
UNFCCC. (Septiembre de 2014). United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change. Obtenido de Capacity Building: Background:
unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/capacity_building/items/7061.php
UNFCCC. (junio de 2015). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Obtenido de FOCUS: Mitigation: www.unfccc.int

IV.
NEEDS AND SUPPORT
RECEIVED IN THE FIELD
OF CLIMATE CHANGE
1. INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides relevant 2016 (period immediately following individuals, organizations and institutions
information about needs in the field of the information gathering phase of the capacity in developing countries and
Climate Change in Chile, including Second BUR, submitted to the UNFCCC countries with economies in transition by
the existing barriers and gaps, and the in 2016) to March 31st, 2018 (deadline identifying, planning and implementing
international support received either to gather information for this report). ways to mitigate and adapt to climate
through financial resources, capacity change. This process takes place at three
building and technical assistance, and different levels:
technology transfer detected between 1.1 Definitions
2016 and 2018. ·Individual level: through education,
The concepts of financial resources, training and awareness activities;
For the development of this chapter, capacity building and technical · Institutional level: through fostering
the UNFCCC reporting guidelines have assistance, and technology transfer will cooperation among organizations and
been applied as a methodological be understood as follows: sectors, as well as the development of
framework of the presentation of biennial organizations and institutions, including
update reports from Parties not included • Financial resources (or financial their missions, mandates, cultures,
in Annex I to the Convention (Annex III, support): This refers to mobilizing funds structures, competences and human and
decision 2/CP17) which specifies that which can come from public, private or financial resources;
those countries, including Chile1, should alternative financing sources (UNFCCC, · At a systemic level: with the creation
provide updated information on: 2014). These funds are usually handed of favorable environments, through
over the performers through an economic and regulatory policies,
• Needs for climate action with respect implementing agency. and the accountability frameworks
operated by institutions and individuals.
to financial resources, capacity building
• Capacity building and technical (UNFCCC, 2014)
and technical assistance, and technology
transfer including the analysis of gaps assistance: It is understood as a process
and barriers. that seeks to increase/improve the
• Support received in the form financial

resources, capacity building and
technical assistance, and technology
transfer received by the country from the
Global Environment Facility, the Parties
included in Annex II to the Convention
and other Parties such as developed
countries, the Green Climate Fund and
other multilateral institutions.
The methodology used for gathering

information regarding the support
received and the needs is explained in
the corresponding sections.
The information presented in this

chapter covers the period from July 1st,
1
http://UNFCCC.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/spa/09a01s.pdf#page=

• Technology transfer: It is defined as a • Report (R): It refers to those activities, by this phenomenon. The activities should
comprehensive set of processes covering projects or programs developed to focus on generating tangible and visible
the knowledge, financing and goods fulfill the commitments of the country as results in practice through vulnerability
exchange among the different parties regards reporting on progress achieved reduction and resilience increase of
involved leading to the technology on implementing the Convention’s human and natural systems to respond to
dissemination for the adaptation or objectives on climate change, through climate change impacts.
the mitigation of climate change. This National Communications (NC),
includes the process that encompasses the Biennial Update Reports (BUR), and the • National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
technologies dissemination - hardware corresponding nationally determined (I): It refers to those actions carried out
and software - and technological contributions (NDC). within the aim of systematizing biennial
cooperation through and within countries update (every two years) of the Chile’s
(IPCC, 2014). • Mitigation (M): It refers to those actions, National Greenhouse Gases Inventory
policies, projects and programs that are (INGEI), thus ensuring the sustainability
developed with the purpose of directly of the preparation of GHG inventories
1.2. Areas or indirectly contributing to reduce GHG in the country, the consistency of the
emission sources or increase GHG reported GHG flows and the quality of
Consistently with the Second BUR (MMA, removals. results.
2016), the same five areas (scopes)
are used, with regard to the support • Adaptation (A): It refers to the • International Negotiation (N): It
received and the needs required, sucha development of policies, plans, refers to the support received in order
as financial resources, capacity building programs and actions aiming to face to strengthen national capacities with
and technical assistance, and technology and minimize adverse impacts and regard to climate change multilateral
transfer. The information areas are as emerging risks of climate change and negotiations.
follows: take advantage of possible opportunities
arising from the changes caused about

2. NEEDS FOR CLIMATE ACTION
After COP21 and the ratification of the

Paris Agreement by Chile, the domestic
climate agenda has combined efforts
to continue with the actions already
planned along with actions focused on
the next implementation of Chile’s NDC
(see definition for NDC in chapter III).
The implementation process of the current

and upcoming Chile’s NDC, together
with the long-term action framework
proposed by the Paris Agreement
influence the type and scope of needs
for planning and implementing climate
action in the country.
At a general level, the need to strengthen

an institutional framework to facilitate
planning of climate action for the
medium and long-term is tangible.
This process involves defining sector
priorities, budgets and new capabilities.
Its implementation requires a balance
with other priorities at the local level. for implementation of specific actions in of Chile does not allow to the public
Although, Chile is classified as a mitigation, particularly in the energy and agencies to receive resources directly in
high-income country according to the forestry sectors have been highlighted. their current annual budget. For some
World Bank2, with a very high human public agencies, it is complex devoting
development index (HDI) according Financial needs include demand for budget resources to climate change
to the United Nations Development resources to expand public programs, matters because climate change is not
Program (UNDP), it still has significant generating or improving information and explicitly defined in their organic law.
gaps in income inequality, and health also capacity strengthening. From 2017,
and education quality and coverage3. Chile no longer qualifies as a beneficiary
country for international resources of
In general, financing, capabilities and "development assistance". This scenario
technology needs are similar to those restricts access to some support sources
reported previously by the country. to strengthen Chile’s public climate
However, at this time the identified needs agenda. Additionally, the Budget Law
2
http://datos.bancomundial.org/pais/chile
3
http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-1-human-development-index-and-its-components

NDCs implementation and the design implementation of public policies and 3) Meetings and/or phone calls were
of a long-term climate strategy are also allows building confidence with coordinated with the focal points of
related to the need for a vision of investors and other relevant stakeholders. the ETICC to validate the information
technological investments type that Chile collected and to raise additional needs,
should promote in the coming years. gaps and barriers.
The methodology applied for gathering
Currently, there is no updated analysis
information with regards to the needs,
on the status of technological transfer
gaps and barriers for climate action 4) The information collected was
needs in the country. There are two
presented in this section was as follows: consolidated in tabular format and
papers that address the issue in 2003
classified according to the field and area
and 2009 (Deuman Ingenieros, 2003);
of need. For the mitigation field, in the
(Poch Ambiental, 2009) which provided 1) A formal survey was sent to the public
cases where it was possible needs, gaps
relevant information, but with limited institutions composing the Inter-Ministerial
and barriers are reported for sector-
usefulness at the present. Technical Team on Climate Change
specific actions (actions reported in
(ETICC) requesting information regarding
chapter III).
needs, gaps and barriers identified by
Chile has continued carrying out studies
the sector for the development of actions
to identify and strengthen technical
of the climate change agenda.
aspects for climate action, including its
information systems and prospective
capabilities. The proposal with the CBIT 2) A workshop was held with the
(GEF) support is the main implementation institutions belonging to the ETICC,
instrument in this area. Our experience with the objective of deepening in the
has shown us that increasing and identification and discussion about the
improving the transparency of climate needs, barriers and gaps identified, in
action facilitates the design and addition to clarifying doubts.

2.1. Needs identified by field Biennial Update Reports and National since this time the funding is both for the
Contributions continues, necessarily preparation of the BUR and the Fourth
For each field identified in 1.2, the involving the dedication of a specific National Communication (CCN). The
main needs, gaps and barriers have budget to continue supporting the report is prepared as an effort by the
been identified in terms of financial reporting activity. Regarding the OCC’s technical and administrative
resources and capacity building and second BUR, the sectors included in the team, based on the interpretation of the
technical assistance. Moreover, this report are already more familiar with UNFCCC guidelines. As regards to the
report incorporates for the second time the information requirements by the NDC and its update process, it will be
the needs identified by the private sector. Ministry of the Environment, which acts mainly covered with national resources,
as a compiling entity. However, it is specifically through the creation of a
2.1.1. Report still necessary to move forwards in the permanent NDC’s table. Regarding
information systematization so that the some inputs for discussion at the table,
Despite the fact that Chile has managed information will be available in a timely it is expected to use the support of the
to organize the preparation of reports manner and, and it will be useful for the CBIT-Chile project (described in chapter
on a regular basis in response to the internal management of each institution. III) to develop the NDC updated.
delivery terms committed with the
UNFCCC, the challenge for the final For the preparation of the third BUR Table 1 presents the identified needs,
installation of permanent reporting (2018) the funding of USD 852,000 gaps and barriers within the field of the
systems on National Communications, from GEF is under implementation, report.
Saltos del Petrohué, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile

Table 1: Summary of needs, gaps and barriers identified within the field of the report
Report Area Gap

Restricted budget for the administrative technical team devoted to the document’s preparation. Lack of
Financial Resources possibilities for professionals to continue participated in the reports.
Methodological and technical gaps for information collection, lack of a clear mandate on the type of
information to be collected on a permanent basis, especially regarding to progress indicators related
to mitigation policies and actions, and support received.
Capacity building and technical
BUR
assistance
Restricted budget for administrative, technical team devoted to the document’s preparation.
Financial Resources
NC
Lack of technical capacity at local and regional level.

Capacity building and
technical assistance

Barrier Need Prioritization
Limited financial resources make it difficult to establish Budget supporting the activity in an iterative manner, as set Very High
a sustainable system for the fulfilment of the report’s out in the decisions by the COP.
commitments
Lack of specific knowledge in the sectorial and Methodological and training guides for the implementation High
institutional level; difficulties to access training of guidelines in order to understand the prioritization of
both in financial resources as per English mandatory information to report, and the level of detail
language. expected.

Professionals from public institutions with access Building capacity for sectors’ report (other ministries and
to the information required in the BUR have institutions) for BUR’s preparation.
other functions and priorities, making slow and
complicated the process of gathering information.
Systematizing gathering of sectors, public and private

information for report preparation: permanent system
active during the years covered by the report.
Limited financial resources make it difficult to establish A budget that supports the activity in an iterative manner, Very High
a sustainable system for reporting as set out in the decisions by the COP. It requires sup-
port from specialized professionals, to give continuity to
information collection and the document’s preparation, be-
cause nowadays the technical content is created through
consultancies.
There is no mechanism for knowledge transfer at a Having regional experts. High

sector and institutional level.


Report Area Gap
Lack of knowledge in sectors regarding the guidelines for NCs preparation.
Lack of systematization in the form of an information report to make periods in between NCs comparable.
As the negotiation makes progress and the new NDC communication and transparency framework are defined,
Resources
Financial
it will be possible to estimate an implementation cost and identify the gap.
NDC Lack of capacity for early content definition and political agreement for its approval. Limited capacity
Capacity building
of economic modeling for mitigation scenarios.

and technical
assistance
Lack of systematization and efficiency in the reports related to climate change.

Technology transfer
General
Information to citizens and stakeholders is dispersed and not prioritized.
Source: Prepared by the authors, Climate Change Office, MMA

Barrier Need Prioritization
Professionals of public institutions with access to the Building capacity for sector reporting (other ministries and
information required at the NC have other functions institutions) for the NC preparation.
and priorities, making the process of gathering
information slow and complicated.
Financial and language difficulties to access Systematizing the gathering of sectors, public and private
training. information for the preparation of the report: permanent
system active during the years covered by the report.
There is no information systematization Cross-cutting platform to incorporate the initiatives of the
procedure. sectors and the regional and local initiatives.
Limited financial resources make it difficult to Financial resources to gather information and High
establish a sustainable system for reporting. methodologies associated to the NCD updates, in
accordance with the review systems to be negotiated
within the framework of the post 2020 agreement.
Sector interests sometimes prevail over To strengthen coordination between technical design High
technical criteria. and policy priorities. To establish permanent capacity in
sector ministries to facilitate the systematization of NCD’s
development. Integration capacity of sector exercises to
have a model at a national level.
Lack of effective coordination between To have a technological platform that brings together Very High
stakeholders on the subject, both on supply and existing information on climate change for its use in the
demand for technology transfer. sector report of actions on climate change, and efficient
handling of information which is systematized. This
platform must gather all information on topics related
to climate change, generated by various public, private
institutions, academia, etc. with differentiated privileges
for institutional use and citizenship. It is expected to move
forward in this area through the CBIT-Chile project.

2.1.2. Mitigation
In recent years, mitigation in Chile has

been mainly marked by inter-sector
cooperation and the commitment
undertaken by the Chilean Government
in the designing of public policies
that promote a low carbon-emission
economy. A proof of this is the launching
of the National Action Plan on Climate
Change 2017-2022, and the Mitigation
Plan of the Energy Sector, among others.
In addition, the commitment to have a

robust monitoring and updating system
of the NCD, together with building a
long-term climatic vision in line with
the objectives of the Paris Agreement,
have demonstrated the new and urgent
needs that must be addressed in order
to comply with the deadlines established
under the international negotiation within
the UNFCCC’s framework.
With respect to the previous reporting

period, Chile still needs to improve its
information management system, to
systematize and manage in a transparent
manner the information associated to
the mitigation efforts in the country. Not
only through a digital platform, but also
through accounting rules allowing in
quantifying the impact of such efforts.
Chile continues developing robust

sector policies aimed to a low-carbon
development. At a sector level, it and institutional strengthening, both to the mitigation area is summarized and
is highlighted the efforts of long- perform actions and to assess and focus presented in three sub-sections:
term planning in the energy and the progress of compliance with domestic
agriculture, forestry and other land uses and international goals. · Needs reported for the energy sector
(AFOLU) sectors described in the previous · Needs reported for the AFOLU sector
chapter. However, climate action in In those cases where it was possible, it · Needs reported for other sectors
mitigation also records significant is reported the needs, gaps and barriers
progress in other sectors (infrastructure, to some of the specific actions at the
investment assessment). Within this energy and AFOLU sector reported in
context, it is necessary to insist in the need the mitigation actions chapter. Therefore,
to strengthen inter-sectors coordination the information about requirements for

Needs reported for the energy sector knowledge about technologies that experts within the professional teams of
enable implementation of measures the various portfolios with needs in that
Table 2 summarizes the needs identified within the policies instruments in force in line.
for the energy sector, linked to the actions the energy sector.
and/or mitigation measures developed In addition, the table also reflects the
by the sector. In general, a crosswise prioritization needs expressed in actions related to
within the public sector is required, so energy efficiency that are including in the
Needs are mainly concentrated in the as to allocate the financial, human and Action Plan of Energy Efficiency.
capacity building area, mainly linked technological resources demanded by
to the implementation of the "Energy the implementation of measures. In this
Policy: Energy 2050". In terms of the sense, the international cooperation has
type of needs, these are linked to the played a relevant role since it allows
areas of financing, technical skills and counting with projects that incorporating

Table 2. Summary of needs, gaps and barriers reported by the energy sector (mitigation)
Area Action/measure Need

Action plan of Energy Agency for Energy Sustainability
Efficiency (PAEE2020)* To expand coverage of energy efficiency projects.
Financial Resources
2018-2022 Energy Ministry of Energy

Pathway Financial resources are required to enable industries implementing an energy
2050 Energy Policy management system within the framework of the future Energy Efficiency Law,
and to support the thermal reconditioning of existing housing.

Pathway Technical assistance to define, implement and monitor a portfolio of projects of the
2050 Energy Policy Mitigation Plan in the energy sector.
Ministry of Energy
Generate sub-national capacity on the mitigation issue and adaptation
in the energy sector.
Capacity building and technical assistance
Ministry of Energy
Capacity building to implement the MRV system of local energy strategies.
Ministry of Energy
Increased participation of Non- conventional Renewable Energy in the energy matrix.
Ministry of Energy
Technical and technological assistance to maintain information platforms in
Renewable Energies.
Promotion of biogas in the industry.

Gap Barrier Priority
Lack of financial resources (USD 13,000,000) to replicate Potential beneficiaries have limited resources allocated High
and expand the recipients of energy efficiency projects. to priority actions, making the necessary investment for
the execution of the project difficult.
Little trained market, client/beneficiary does not have

information and knowledge on the subject.
Lack of adequate financial instruments to finance energy Projects financing Very High
efficiency projects in the industrial and housing sectors.
(USD 326,000,000 per year).
It is required a prioritization methodology to carry Projects financing. High

out the mitigation project portfolio, with coordination Access to and/or development of cost-effective technolo-
between the public and private sectors. gies to mitigate, store, renewable energy and/or deliver
(USD 1,400,000 per year). flexibility to the network in supporting the renewable
energy.
Regulatory policies.
It is required to improve the knowledge on the climate This is a new work line that will require allocating funds, Very high
change issues in the energy sector. professional support, advice and taking advantage of
To increase the number of professionals trained in the synergies with other lines of work.
climate change issues at an institutional level in the
sub-national level.
Not quantified.
It is required to increase the knowledge on the climate In many cases the municipalities do not have the budget High
change issues and specifically on the monitoring, report- and staff that can devote time to these issues.
ing and verification of mitigation measures at a local
level.
This gap is valued at USD 100,000.
There is a need to improve forecasting systems, Need for regulatory changes to overcome obstacles Very high
implementation of the market of complementary services and coordination with the industry.
(entry in force) and development of transmission systems
to avoid cuts of renewable generation, and maintain the
safety standard of the system.
It is required to increase the technical knowledge and Updating the base information source requires Very High
technology improvements to develop a high-quality considerable time, as well as computing capacity both
platform information. for modeling and storage. Also, to deliver faster results
and greater volume a secure web service is required
and constantly available.
There is a need to improve the base information availa- High
Lack of information with regarding quantification and ble at a local level.
georeferencing of organic waste generated in the industry.

Pathway Technical assistance to replace projects based on fossil fuel per photovoltaic projects.
2050 Energy Policy

assistance
Ministry of Energy
Financial assistance to support the implementation of projects with renewable energy
and energy efficiency for internal consumption in micro and small companies.
*The main scope of this measure corresponds to mitigation. However, some of its activities also cover the scope of adaptation.
Source: Climate Change Office, MMA based on consultations with sector ministries.

Lack of offer by specialist companies in the maintenance Immature market in this type of service, lack of special- Very high
of photovoltaic plants. ized human capital.
Lack of alternatives of renewable electricity supply to
reduce peak demand by trade and industry to be able to
replace the diesel engines.
Lack of adequate financial instruments to finance self-con- Low availability of suitable financial instruments to High
sumption projects with RE and energy efficiency. finance self-consumption projects with RE and energy
efficiency.

Needs reported for the AFOLU sector budget shortcomings, mainly due to the governance arrangements allowing for
lack of alternative sources of public implementation of programs and actions
Table 3 summarizes the needs identified budget funding. in a coordinated and joint manner, with
by the AFOLU sector linked to the With regard to the identified needs enough validation thus ensuring the
mitigation actions and/or measures in the area of capacity building, these measures’ sustainability.
developed by the sector. are concentrated in the need for trained
Their needs concentrate in the area people and the necessary expertise
of financial resources, mainly for the to develop the actions defined in the
implementation of the action measures priority programs.
contemplated in the National Strategy Finally, it is highlighted as a barrier the
on Climate Change and Vegetation lack of articulation between the public
Resources (ENCCRV). They identify and private sectors, so as to generate
Table 3. Summary of needs, gaps and barriers reported for the AFOLU sector (mitigation)

Implementation of action measures Leveraging new financial resources for the implementation of the action measures
contemplated in the ENCCRV of ENCCRV at a national level.
Financial resources for the development and implementation of the of reforest and
revegetation program at prioritized districts/areas in 140,000 hectares.
Financial resources to strengthen and implement the ecological restoration

program at prioritized districts/areas in 20,000 hectares.
Financial resource to implement the education and environmental dissemination

program at a national level
Financial support to implement the Adaptation Program for management of

vegetation resources within the framework of climate change, desertification, land
degradation and drought, in 80 districts.
Financial Resources
Strengthening and updating of Management Financial resource for strengthening and updating the Management Plans in 50%
Plans for SNASPE areas within the context of SNASPE areas within the context of the ENCCRV.
of the ENCCRV
Strengthening of the Communities Prepared Financial resources to strengthen the program "Communities Prepared against
against Forest Fires program Forest Fires", to establish the program in 40 districts.

Viña Aquitania - Traiguén, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

Lack of permanent budget (USD339,919,050) to implement ENC- The lack of funding to escalate in the implemen- Very
CRV at a national level. tation of the strategy at a national level. High
Lack of permanent budget (USD168,150,000) to implement the The lack of funding to escalate in the implemen- Very
ENCCRV at a national level. tation of the strategy at a national level. High
Lack of permanent financial resources (USD41,140,480) to imple- The lack of funding to escalate in the implemen- Very
ment the ENCCRV at a national level. tation of the strategy at a national level. High
Lack of permanent financial resources (USD2,220,000) to imple- The lack of funding sources to escalate in the Very
ment the ENCCRV at a national level. implementation at a national level High
Lack of permanent financial resources (USD9,437,940) to imple- The lack of funding sources to escalate in the High
ment the ENCCRV at a national level. implementation at a national level
Lack of permanent financial resources (USD1,970,000) to imple- Funding to escalate in the management plans High
ment the ENCCRV at a national level. update for all SNASPE areas, training of rang-
ers and other professionals in these topics.
Lack of permanent financial resources (USD2,126,250) to imple- Obtaining supplies to strengthen the program, High
ment the ENCCRV at a national level. financing to escalate the program at a national
level.

Technology transfer program of alternatives Financial resource to develop and implement at a national level the technology
for management and use of forest-farming transfer program of alternatives management and use of forest-farming waste.
waste
Agricultural and Livestock Research Program Financial resource to develop the agricultural and livestock research program.
Strengthening of forestry and environmental Strengthening the institutional and technological capacity of CONAF’s
control programs forestry and environmental control.
Strengthening and expansion of the Strengthening and expansion of the Management Boards of summer pastures.
Management Boards of summer pastures
Strengthening of a phytosanitary protection Strengthening the of Phytosanitary protection Program for native vegetation
program for native vegetation resources resources.
Agricultural NAMA NAMA

Lack of capacity and technical assistance to implement NAMA at a
country level.
Technology transfer
The cost of this gap has been estimated at USD450,000.
Not Reported Not Reported
Source: Climate Change Office, MMA based on consultations with sector ministries

Lack of permanent financial resources (USD1,309,000) to imple- Obtaining supplies to strengthen the progra- High
ment the ENCCRV at a national level. mandfinancing.
Lack of permanent financial resources (USD805,250) to implement Lack of funding sources to escalate in the imple- High
the ENCCRV at a national level. mentation at a national level.
Lack of financial resources to widely cover the requirements associ- Funding in order to strengthen programs at a Very
ated with the enforcement. national level, and to improve the coordination High
Lack of capacity and knowledge by civil society regarding the with municipalities.
enforcement and monitoring, together with the existing systems to
file claims.
The cost of these gaps has been estimated at USD 1,070,000.
Lack of resources to strengthen the operational effectiveness of the Involvement and articulation of the stakeholders High
Management Boards of summer pastures, as well as knowledge to of civil society, public sector and related owners.
promote the best management practices. To promote a public-private network associated
The cost of this gap has been estimated at USD 50,000. to the administration and management of these
areas; financing to escalate the implementation.
Lack of resources to technically assist the program at a national Involvement and articulation of the stakeholders High
scale. Lack of the necessary infrastructure needed to carry out the of civil society, public sector and related owners.
required analyzes in the program. Funding to escalate the implementation.
This gap has been estimated at USD4,080,000.
Targeting of incentives, currently delivered to farmers to encourage Implementing the Agricultural NAMA. Training Medium
farm management plans. SIRSD’s operators on issues of sustainable soils
management and to create incentives for their
application.
Does not apply. Does not apply. Does not

apply

Needs Reported for other sectors identifying requirements for assistance replace contaminating equipment, thus
in the preparation of methodologies at reducing their emissions. In line with the
Table 4 summarizes the needs in the field different areas, as well as for formulation above, the needs of the public works
of mitigation of other sectors. In terms of of studies allowing for data generation sector are revealed identifying as a
the type of need, most are concentrated and the necessary information for the priority to use filters equipment allowing
in the capacity building and technical decision-making process. for reduction of black carbon emissions
assistance area, followed by technology from machinery used by the Roads
transfer and finally, financial resources. As regards the technology transfer Directorate.
area, the mining sector reveals a lack of
Regarding the creation of capacity technological development related to the
building and technical assistance, energies used by vehicles and machinery
most applications are aimed to the of the sector, and they also highlight the
implementation of sector actions lack of feasible technologies allowing to
Table 4. Summary of needs, gaps and barriers reported by other sectors (mitigation)
Area Sector Gap

Tourism Sector Actions
Lack of funding to develop programs for climate action in the tourism sector, particularly regarding
Financial Resources
energy efficiency, energy consumption record, efficiency in touristic transportation and for
waste management at consolidated touristic destinations.
Infrastructure Sector Actions

Lack of financial resources (USD 318,000) to implement a strategy of low carbon infrastructure.
Infrastructure Sector Actions

Lack of specific parameters to estimate carbon capture in different sectors associated to social
assessment of public investment projects.
This gap has an estimated cost of USD 500,000.
Lack of coordination between public-private sector allowing to include the measurement of carbon
footprint in all MOP’s biddings.
Lack of technical expertise and availability of key information to perform feasibility study.
Lack of inclusion of the infrastructure sector as a contribution to Chile's commitments on the

GHG emissions reduction.
Agriculture and NAMA

Livestock Lack of capacity and technical assistance to implement NAMA at national level.
The cost of this gap has been estimated at USD 450,000.

Palafitos de Castro, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile
Barrier Need Priority

Lack of sources and financial resources to promote climatic actions Financial resources to develop climate actions in High
in the tourism sector. the tourism sector.
Lack of strengthening a cross view of waste management among
the various institutions related to this topic.
There is a need for prioritization in the public expenditure that Financial resources to design a strategy for low Very High
enables the implementation of the strategy. carbon infrastructure.
1) Existence of general and not precise parameters, involving Development of specific parameters of carbon High
underestimating the benefit or cost related to GHG emissions. capture for public building.
2) Not having parameters to estimate emissions of other GHG
prevents incorporating the cost or benefit to social assessment of
public investment projects.
Lack of basic studies and stakeholders’ articulation Development of strategy for measurement of car- High
bon footprint in infrastructure works and public
building performed by the MOP.
Availability of resources and associated studies to reveal this incor- Development of technical feasibility at a terri- High
poration in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. torial level on the incorporation of Non-Con-
ventional Renewable Energy (NCRE) in public
infrastructure.
Gathering baseline and methodologies to characterize the sector. Technical advisory for the development of low High
carbon infrastructure, through the measurement
of carbon footprint and incorporation of NCRE.
Targeting of incentives currently delivered to farmers so as to Implementing the Agricultural NAMA. Training Medium
encourage farm management plans. SIRSD-S operators on issues of sustainable
management of soils and creating incentives for
their application.

Area Sector Gap
Mining Lack of technological development to move to a clean energy source in identified vehicles
and mining machinery.
Technology transfer
Lack of technological alternatives for replacement of current technology to increase the

emission capture.
Infrastructure Transportation Sector

Lack of filters implementation to reduce black carbon emissions in 543 machineries belong
to the Roads Directorate.
Other industries Industrial Sector

Lack of information and specific requirements that must be entered as an improvement to the platform
to achieve its functionality in the carbon market.
This gap has an estimated cost of USD 700,000.
Source: Climate Change Office, MMA, based on consultations with sector ministries

There are no available specific vehicles required in an electric Development of technological improvements Medium
version. to use clean energy in vehicles and mining
machinery.
High cost of replacing smelting technology by a more novel Development of technological improvements for High
technology. emissions capture in smelting and refinery.
Financial resources to implement this measure. Extending coverage of black carbon filters High
reduction to the total existing machinery.
Lack of resources in the annual budget of the Agency for Sustaina- Identification of improvements to the ASCC Very High
bility and Climate Change (ASCC). platform so that APL companies have access to
the carbon market.

2.1.3. National Greenhouse Gas
Inventory
Regarding the estimation of Chile’s GHG

emissions and removals, the country
continues working in the operation and
continuous improvement of its National
GHG Inventory System (SNICHILE). It
maintains a permanent line of work in
the Ministries of Agriculture, Energy
and the Environment where staff has
been assigned, as well as technical and
financial resources for the inventory’s
regular update.
The SNICHILE not only enables for

the preparation and coordination of
Chile’s NHGHI, but which also seeks
to make progress systematically on
technical aspects such as the continual
improvement of GHG estimates
quality; quality of the data used; the
research of country-specific emission
factors of the main categories;
quality assurance and quality control;
development of procedural manuals for
the implementation of crosswise issues
(uncertainty, documentation and archive,
other); and the creation and maintenance
of adequate technical capabilities. A
further detail on SNICHILE is found in
Chapter 2.
Respect to financial resources, during

2017-2018, the SNICHILE was financed,
as in previous years, through the national
budget of the Chilean Government and
funds from international projects, such as
the Biennial Update Report.
information collection and compilation) integrated to the position profile of their
Regarding the professionals of the were funded in a mixed manner: some professionals the capability to prepare
SNICHILE technical teams, team of them are State’s employees, while GHG inventories. In this sense, rather
leaders are permanent staff of the others were external consultants hired than a need for capacity-building, there
Chilean Government, therefore, they specifically for the preparation of Chile’s is a need to maintain the existing ones
are financed with the national budget. NGHGI with funding from international through institutional arrangements that
On the other hand, professionals in projects. In recent years, several of allow SNICHILE to face situations such
charge of the day-to-day tasks for the the technical teams have hired their as staff turnover due to changes in the
preparation of Chile’s NGHGI (mainly external as permanent staff, or have administration.

Embotellado de productos farmacéuticos Biosano, Santiago, Cristóbal Correa Montalva - Imagen de Chile
At least one professional of each technical sector technical teams and guidance ensure the sustainability of the system and
team of SNICHILE has participated in received during the voluntary external the quality of GHG emissions estimates.
international workshops and experience review process of the previous NGHGI, In addition, it is expected to count with
exchanges for capacity-building on SNICHILE has made progress in the the greater amount of country-specific
NGHGI. This has undoubtedly been improvement of activity data, parametric emission factors to more accurately reflect
useful to increase the technical team data and emission factors. This has been the national reality in terms of their GHG
capacity. done mainly with its own resources. emissions and removals, particularly in
However, despite the progress in this the main categories identified in Chile’s
As of July 2018, the country has eight field, it has become a priority to improve NGHGI.
professionals qualified as NGHGI national research and information
expert reviewers, of Annex I Parties to related to the development of specific Table 5 presents a summary of the needs
the Convention, one more than in 2016. emission factors for the country. This way related to the NGHGI scope in Chile, in
These professionals implement their it is expected to represent the national addition to the most relevant gaps and
specific knowledge at different stages of reality more accurately and with less barriers identified.
Chile’s NGHGI process, collaborating in uncertainty.
its quality assurance.
What the SNICHILE expects continues to
With regard to the information needed be having the largest possible number of
to prepare Chile’s NGHGI, according permanent and competent professionals,
to the experience of the consolidated constituting stable technical teams to

Table 5. Summary of gaps, barriers and needs in the NGHGI field
Area Gap
In the short term, the national funding is insufficient for the permanent recruitment of suitable personnel at the technical
teams, and the development of country-specific emission factors.
Financial Resources
There are still gaps in the technical capabilities of professionals who are a part of the technical teams at SNICHILE,
particularly in the development of country-specific emission factors.
This is due to a combination of variables such as:
• All SNICHILE professionals have other responsibilities within their position profile, added to the reduced number of
professionals which causes a work overload, translating into each professional being forced to prioritize their working
hours, abandoning the opportunity to train themselves in the NGHGI;
• Staff turnover inherent to work at State agencies, and to the fixed-term retention of external consultants that leave the
teams at the end of the service provision;
• The limited number of experts in the NGHGI field inside the country, in both the public and private sectors, which
reduces the chances of a frequent exchange of experiences at a national level.
Having information that better reflects the national reality, the country does not possess the adequate technology
to perform measurements (fuel carbon content, soil carbon, GHG from soils, firewood and animals, among other).
Technology transfer
Source: Technical Team Coordinator of the MMA

The NGHGI preparation has acquired a certain Increasing the national funding for the recruitment of new Very high
relevance within political priorities and techniques of permanent and competent professionals in the different
the ministries involved in the SNICHILE. However, its technical teams of SNICHILE.
importance regarding other issues continues being In addition, a permanent financing is required for scientific
minor, having an impact on the lack of budget. research and development of country-specific emission
Added to the above is the fact that the country has factors, particularly for the Energy and LULUCF sectors.
less possibilities to replace the lack of resources
with international funds because it is less eligible for
these.
Little relevance of the NGHGI within political and Increasing and maintaining the technical capabilities of High
technical priorities of the ministries involved in the the SNICHILE professionals through onsite courses, online
SNICHILE, which has an impact on the lack of courses, workshops, seminars, or experience exchange with
profiles for positions to retain professionals with the international experts. Technical support is required by the
adequate technical qualifications to develop the Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, of this same
NGHGI in Chile. UNFCCC or other expert parties, such as the IPCC.
Lack of Governmental incentives for the promotion of Increasing and promoting scientific research in the
scientific research in the NGHGI field, particularly development of country-specific emission factors,
for the scientific and academia community. particularly for the Energy and LULUCF sectors. It requires
technical support by the Parties included in Annex I to the
Lack of budget allocated to activities of creation and Convention with circumstances similar to the national, in
maintenance capabilities. the understanding that these Parties have already made
considerable progress in this matter and that the similarity
Limited interest, at the level of the scientific and of conditions makes it feasible to replicate the GHG
academia community, in the research that will allow measurement methods.
the development of country-specific emission factors.
In addition to the above, a significant barrier is

related to a lack of an official definition of the roles
of some participants of the SNICHILE.
Little relevance of the NGHGI within political and Development or acquisition of equipment (hardware and High
technical priorities of the ministries involved in the software) for the development of country-specific emission
SNICHILE, which has an impact on the lack of factors. Particularly, it is required:
technological equipment suitable to develop scientific
research. • To purchase a 110 units Perkin Elmer autosampler to be
connected to the second GC available. This increases the
Lack of government incentives to promote scientific analytical capacity and generates specialized equipment to
research in the NGHGI field, particularly for the determine GHG in soils and animals.
scientific and academia community. • Having ground measurements of carbon in the soil of the
LULUCF sector.
Lack of budget allocated to the development or • Having measurements of the fuel carbon content.
acquisition of technologies.
Bureaucracy and procedural barriers for the

development or acquisition of technological
equipment and software.

2.1.4 Adaptation Climate Change (ETICC), in operation the 2014 NAP, are led by the Regional
since 2015, has been crucial in the Governor, who is the top political-
During the period covered by this report, coordination of these actions. administrative authority in each region
the following progress has been made and are composed by the Regional
regarding adaptation policies committed Between 2016 and 2018, the need to Secretariats of the Environment and
in the National Plan for Climate Change strengthen capacities at the territories other sectors related to the design and
Adaptation NAP (2014): to the sector level in the field of Climate Change has implementation of climate policies. Their
plans reported in the second BUR also been taken care of. In this sense, role is to lead, define and coordinate the
(Forest-Farming; Biodiversity; Fisheries the Regional Committees on Climate implementation of the climate change
and Aquaculture and Health) adds the Change (CORECC) have already been policy in the country regions.
adoption, in 2017, of the Adaptation incorporated in the 15 regions of the
and Mitigation Plan for Infrastructure country. The CORECCs, proposed at
Services to Climate Change, and in
2018, of the Plans for Adaptation to
Climate Change for Chilean Cities and
for the Energy Sector. In addition, during
2018 the preparation of the plans for
the Water Resources and Tourism sectors
has begun, which would complement
the adaptation plans for the 9 sectors
defined as priorities by Chile at the
NAPCC. In addition, the first steps have
been taken to update the Forest-Farming
and Biodiversity adaptation plans,
which are close to completing their first
implementing cycle, and that should
initiate a second cycle, as committed in
the Chile’s NDC.
Progress in the development of these

policies has been possible thanks to the
active participation of sector ministries,
which have led their adaptation to
Climate Change processes in a joint effort
to identify vulnerabilities and formulation
of actions and measures to address the
impacts of climate change, coordinated
by the Ministry of the Environment.
In addition, during this period two

NAP progress reports have been
prepared, one in 2016 and another
in 2017, which include sector plans
under implementation. These reports
contain information about the progress
status of the measures as well as of
the amounts invested, and constitute
the first progress report on adaptation
policies in the country. The involvement
of the Inter-Ministerial Technical Team on

During this period, this has also been
emphasized on the development of
information to be used at CORECCs,
Regional and Municipal Governments
regarding climate projections and
impacts. This information has been
generated with a higher resolution,
at a regional and district scale, to be
used in the design of policies, measures
and actions to be implemented at the
territory. Currently, we have the "Digital
database of the District Climate in Chile:
baseline (1980-2010) and projection
to 2050" (2016)4 and the "Regional
Climate Simulations and Vulnerability
Assessment Framework" (2018)5
project. Both initiatives contain extensive
information regarding the future climate
variations caused by climate change for
indicators such as rainfall, temperature,
winds. These projections are currently
being supplemented, with studies for the
Chilean insular territory and Antarctica.
Regarding institutional capacities, at the

Climate Change Office of the MMA, a
permanent team works on adaptation
issues formed by three professionals:
two hired by the MMA and one partially
funded by the Federal Republic of
Germany and the MMA. However, it is
necessary to strengthen the work teams
devoted to adaptation in the sector
ministries and at a subnational level. this phenomenon; ii. Adapt to climate of the sectors, through the nine sector
change, through the implementation of adaptation plans and their updates. The
The new National Action Plan on measures to reduce vulnerability and to other two specific objectives propose
Climate Change 2017-2022, published increase adaptation capacity of human crosswise measures for adaptation, and
in July 2017, proposes three specific and natural systems of the country, and are based on the main current needs
objectives for the country’s adaptation: iii. Monitor and periodically report on of the country in the adaptation issue,
i. Periodically assess vulnerability of the progress of adaptation in the country, which are summarized in Table 6.
human and natural systems faced to the to establish improvements to planning
impacts of climate change, establishing through adaptation policies. The second
the risks and opportunities posed by specific objective reflects the actions
4
http://basedigitaldelclima.mma.gob.cl/
5
http://simulaciones.cr2.cl/

Table 6. Summary of needs, gaps and barriers in the adaptation field
Area Gap Barrier

Lack of permanent budget of the public sector, at No relevance has been assigned to adaptation within budgetary
ministries, regional and local governments level, priorities and funding by ministries, regional and local
for the recruitment of specific staff to work on governments.
issues of climate change. Lack of alignment and agreement to increase public spending on
issues that are already prioritized within the adaptation agenda.
Lack of permanent budget for the development There are other priorities in the country that make it difficult to
of research on adaptation. allocate resources to this area.
Lack of effective mechanisms to allocate public resources
for scientific research aimed to subjects of interest of public
institutions.
Lack in strengthening coordination and unifying There is coordination between public entities given the
criteria among the various entities responsible institutions’ willingness, in the lack of regulatory requirement
for monitoring and financing the improvement of regarding each institution’s competences.
different variables’ monitoring systems.
Forestry: Lack of funding for the implementation Given the country's needs and priorities in other areas,
of measures and actions contained in the sector no necessary relevance has been given to climate change
plans for adaptation of existing legislation and adaptation within the allocation of fiscal budget for
Financial Resources
of the National Climate Change Strategy and implementation of the sector plans measures already approved.
Vegetation Resources (ENCCRV). The categorization of Chile as a medium-high income country,
makes access to international funds difficult. Without prejudice
of such categorization, fiscal funds are not sufficient to deal with
the issue of climate change and associated disasters to which the
country has been exposed.
Tourism: Lack of additional financing for the The Tourism Undersecretariat does not have the financial
development of the adaptation plan for the resources to cover the development of workshops at the 84
tourism sector. destinations defined as priorities in relation to the impact of
climate change.
Water resources: Lack of additional The necessary financial resources are not available, to cover all
funding to prepare the plan. the activities planned for the preparation of the adaptation plan
for water resources (studies, workshops development, among
other activities).
Infrastructure: The resources to implement a resilient and carbon-low infrastruc-

Funding is required for the implementation ture strategy are not available.
of adaptation measures in the design area,
planning and monitoring to reduce public works
infrastructure vulnerability.

Need Priority
It is required to increase financial resources for permanent full-time staff to work on issues of adaptation to climate Very High
change at the institutions belonging to the ETICC and regional and local institutions, considering the growing
requirements of the country in the field of adaptation.
Permanent financing is required for research and academia initiatives to continue with this type of projects. High
Financing to improve and expand monitoring of environmental and climatic variables: oceanographic data, rivers High
flow, ice extension, glaciers, high Andean wetlands, biodiversity, among other.
Permanent fiscal budget allocation is required at the MMA and at each of the sector ministries that have been Very High
prioritized in the field of adaptation to implement the measures contained in the plans.
International financial support is required for implementation of adaptation and risk reduction measures contained
in the plans.
Having an adaptation plan for the tourism sector. Very High

Performing a vulnerability analysis for the 84 touristic destinations defined by the Tourism Undersecretary and
Sernatur, at a national level, considering the more developed tourism activities therein.
Having an adaptation plan to Climate Change 2018-2023 for Water Resources. Very High
Having a strategy that directs the efforts of the Adaptation and Mitigation Plan for Climate Change Infrastructure Very High
Services in the areas of resilient and carbon-low infrastructure.

Area Gap Barrier
Institutions: Lack of robust and adequate The necessary relevance has not been given to adaptation within
institutions of climate change at the sector the work priorities of the sector ministries involved in the matter.
ministries at national level, with their Intermittent political willingness to develop the adaptation issue,
corresponding coordination at regional level, who are in charge of public agencies should express themselves.
through Regional Secretariats.
There is a limited number of experts for the The Government has few instruments to influence the content
development of research and studies on of higher education programs, which translates into a limited
vulnerability, adaptation and risks of climate inclusion of climate change issues in programs, and a lack
change issues. of knowledge of the national scientific community to develop
research and projects on adaptation to climate change matters.
There is a lack of knowledge and capacity in the Minimum or inexistent dissemination of the various national and
Capacity building and technical assistance.
national, regional and local public sector levels international existing Funds on the part of the institutions that
for projects preparation and presentation to manage and/or know them.
specific Funds and financial institutions.
Lack of information on existing funds and their
characteristics, for projects identification by the
different institutions.
Shortage of expert consultants that can submit

projects to specific international Funds.
Lack of capacity by the public services to Internal prioritization is required to enhance training activities at
promote and supervise innovation initiatives in the appropriate public services.
adaptation to climate change at the Forestry-
Farming sector
Lack of a greater involvement by the private Lack of Government’s capacity, means and coordination tools
sector in the field of adaptation, as well as with the private sector on the matter.
awareness by this sector on how Climate
Change will affect them.
Lack to develop and strengthen relationships
between the private sector and public institutions
in the field of adaptation.
Lack of knowledge and capacity in various The permanent training of teachers and professionals of the
sectors of society (formal and non-formal institutions is not mandatory.
education, education professionals, citizens
in general) on impacts, vulnerability and
adaptation to climate change and risk.

Need Priority
Strengthening the mechanisms for coordination among the different sector ministries involved, and endowing them Very High
with trained professionals, both at national and regional levels.
Strengthening the Climate Change Regional Committees as the coordinating entity for decision-making at a
political level at regions.
Establishing a regional institutional arrangement inter-sectors of technical level (Regional ETICC)
Improve the involvement of local stakeholders in the whole process of measures, from their design to their
monitoring, considering their environmental implications and coordination with other policies and projects.
Researchers and specialized Academia in vulnerability, adaptation and risks at all regions of the country. High
Ongoing and excellence research in the areas of adaptation to climate change, from both national and territorial
standpoints, considering the particulars of each territory which responds to local problems in adaptation.
Development of knowledge and capabilities on international and national existing support Funds, their High
requirements, coverage, presentation formats and other specific aspects to apply to each of them.
Strengthening professionals capacities in the public sector regarding the scope of adaptation to climate change, High
to promote and monitor innovation initiatives to face the effects of climate change, and also to take advantage
of their opportunities for the Forestry-Farming industry in Chile, and the opening of new technological areas (and
technologies) that can answer the challenges faced by the sector, because of the behavioral changes in climate.
Improving and strengthening the task of the Agency of Sustainability and Climate Change (ASCC) at regional and High
local level, for the coordination and generation of joint strategies with the private sector.
Development of strategic alliances and commitments by the private sector for the implementation of adaptation
measures.
Developing adaptation to climate change contents and incorporate them to the curricula at all educational levels High
handled by MINEDUC.
Dissemination of adaptation to climate change subject among children, young people and society in general.
Capacity building in adaptation to climate change to teachers of different levels.
Incorporation of adaptation to climate change issues in post-graduate careers.

Area Gap Barrier
Water Resources: Lack of introduction of various Reluctance to changes in the use of water resources and new
technologies in different sectors aiming to sources of supply.
address water scarcity, with long-term solutions.
Uses of inland waters are restricted to obtaining water rights.
Meteorology: Lack of introduction of new Different institutions have monitoring stations, so that the transfer
technological solutions and cutting-edge of data requires inter-institutional agreements.
equipment, weather radars for climate
monitoring, focused on management of climate
risk.
Technology transfer
Infrastructure: It requires implementation of Not identified.

Monitoring Measures to reduce Vulnerability of
public works infrastructure.
Health: Insufficient capacity to predict the Limited resources due to other priorities of the health sector.
possible geographical distribution and likely
proliferation of zoonotic and vector diseases
throughout the country allowing to prevent
health effects associated to them, at a local
level.
Biodiversity: Lack of funding to implement the It requires inter-sectors coordination and capacity development.
biodiversity and climate change monitoring
network, which already has a design proposed.
Source: Climate Change Office, MMA based on consultations with sector ministries

Need Priority
Introduction of various technologies and technology management to adapt to water scarcity. Very High
Use of technologies to improve and expand the coverage of services and products information required to support High
the climate risk management. .
To provide with a system of control and remote monitoring for the infrastructure of coastal edge (DOP), fluvial Medium
defenses (DOH) and bridges (DV) to reduce the disaster risk (as proposed in the Sector Plan)
Need for technological solutions to know the burden of diseases associated to climate change and the Establish- High
ment of predictive models on the behavior of vector-borne diseases and zoonoses associated to climate change
(proposed in the Sector Plan)
Specific software for remote sensing, statistical, and specialized in data analysis, and technologies and storage Medium
capacity for biodiversity and climate change monitoring network.

2.1.5 International Negotiation capacity for the preparation, follow-up have permanent staff at negotiations.
and transfer of international issues at a This inter-ministries team addresses
In the area of negotiation and domestic level. negotiation issues as one of several
international climate agenda, the main items in their domestic work agenda,
need continues to enlarging the current The team of professionals involved in the thus reducing the time available for
negotiating team in the country, as negotiations is smaller than the number planning and coordination in detail of
well as establishing permanent teams necessary for an adequate follow-up the international negotiation agenda.
at the relevant sector ministries, with of negotiations: some strategic sector Table 7 summarizes the needs, gaps and
the adequate financial and technical ministries (energy, agriculture) do not barriers in this area.
Table 7. Summary of needs, gaps and barriers in the field of International Negotiation
Area Gap Barrier Need Priority

A minimum of three Lack of knowledge about Lack of specific budget allowing to Very High
additional and permanent the content and scope of form and to maintain a specialized
negotiators, with priority the international negotiation and permanent negotiating team.
dedication to the issues of process on climate change. Permanent inter-ministries team
the international agenda on specialized in the international
climate change. Nature of the process of agenda on climate change of at
negotiations makes it difficult least five professionals.
Financial Resources
to demonstrate the benefit of

participating. Planning ahead and regular
meetings to address issues of
Limited resources compete with international negotiation in a
other sector policy’s needs. coordinated and coherent manner.
Restricted availability of
negotiators and supporting
professionals due to the need
to allocate time to other tasks
of the climate agenda.
Resources to meet the Lack of knowledge of the links Development of capacities in the High
demand for adequate in the negotiation issues with different sectors and ministries
capacities at the negotiation the sector agenda of public regarding international negotiation,
agenda. Some officials policy. in specific topics of each sector.
with technical capacity to
assistance
participate in negotiations Creation and strengthening in

are not fluent in the English English language capacities.
language at an appropriate
level for negotiation work.

Parque Nacional Huerquehue, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile
2.1.6. Needs identified by the As reported in the second BUR, it is noted precise information about consumption
private sector that the implementation of actions with an at a household level. With respect to
impact on climate change depends to a the mining sector, the need reported in
In accordance to the second BUR, the great extent on the interest, commitment the second BUR has decreased, since
domestic private sector has played an and continuity of those responsible for there are greater opportunities for the
important role both in the investment and the areas of sustainability or environment penetration of renewable energies as a
in the implementation of mitigation and in the companies. result of changes in the bidding rules and
adaptation to climate change measures, lower prices of these technologies. The
allowing fulfillment of the NDC, which In general, the needs, gaps and cross main need of the sector reported in this
is why it is important to know the main barriers indicated in the second BUR BUR is the development of technologies
needs, gaps and barriers that affect their remain, and additionally new items are for alternative fuels such as gas and
action on climate change. added. On the other hand, the energy hydrogen. The other sectors, Forestry
sector highlights that in the previous and Cement maintain their needs and
A survey was carried out directly with report the need was aimed to a territorial new supplementary elements are added.
the private sector through interviews organization preventing communities’ While the first looks for the increase of
with trade associations, companies and rejection to renewable energy projects. wood in construction, the second aims to
organizations of production. Information However, based on the opinions increase the use of concrete on roads,
was gathered on the barriers, gaps and delivered, it has been indicated that both measures to reduce GHG emissions.
needs that crosswise affect all industries this need is not currently present, since Table 8 presents the main needs, barriers
in the sector, and other attributable to a the new renewable energy projects do and gaps of the private sector.
particular sector. Based on the above, not have a significantly negative impact
the table reported in the second BUR on environment. The biggest challenge
was updated with new elements and observed by the sector now is related
new sectors. Listed below are the main to a more homogeneous electrical
changes: consumption throughout the day and
as regards energy efficiency, more

Table 8. Needs, gaps and barriers reported by the private sector
Needs
Generating greater instances and efforts to promote a low-carbon economy and sustainable development considering
the exchange of public-private information.
As regards education and awareness, there is a lack in communicating with greater clarity and transparency the risks
and limitations of not implementing mitigation or adaptation actions.
Transversal
Promoting technology transfer for implementation of climate actions according to stakeholder is required:
1) For Small and Medium-sized companies (PYMES) which install and use technologies from domestic markets, more
support is needed for capacity building, financing, innovation, among other aspects.
2) There are specific sectors, such as mining and aquaculture, where fostering innovation is required.
Source: Climate Change Office, MMA based on consultation with private sector stakeholders

Gaps Barriers
There is no coordinated and strategic implementation Creating instances of public-private dialogue and of knowledge transfer
of mitigation measures in the private sector. within the private sector.
It is required that small and medium-sized companies Lack of transfer of general knowledge to reach this type of organizations.
initiate actions currently mostly implemented at larger
organizations.
The main barrier is information dissemination. Transferring knowledge to the public and also to entities is required.
There are many entities that have already gained These, in turn, should be more transparent by means of a general
experience in carrying out management in adaptation awareness plan at a Governmental level, which could be developed
and implementation of mitigation actions to climate with support from the private sector, addressed to the general population
change, so a instance is needed to share those ideas in order to achieve greater awareness and to change consumption
and search for coordination among stakeholders, behaviors, among other impacts.
both public and private.
The introduction of technology implies an important There is a significant technological barrier between technologies currently
initial investment, which leaves out small businesses used and the best technology available in the market.
that do not access a credit. Mobilization of financial resources and/or creation of crosswise
instruments to promote technology introduction and implementation of
In addition, it requires articulation of the entire mitigation measures in the companies.
Science, Technology and Innovation (CTI) It is necessary to involve the private sector in the applied research to its
ecosystem, so as to provide capacity to develop business activities to detect the environmental impact of its operations,
new technologies and/or adopting already proven and to strengthen their capacities to develop sustainable technologies
technologies. and operations related to climate change.
Need to increase spending in research and general development of the
country with the active participation of the private sector.
Also, it is necessary to promote a research for technologies development,
the so-called "Business pull", in which the private sector plays an active
role together with academy, for the development of new technologies.

2.1.7. Needs identified in the Consultation and Analysis process (ICA). available on the UNFCCC’s webpage6.
process of analysis and international The main purpose of this process is Table 9 presents the needs in terms of
consultation helping non-Annex I countries to identify capacity building identified in the ICA
their needs in capacity building. As a process and the need status in the current
During 2017, the second Chile’s BUR result, a report was delivered for Chile, reporting period.
was submitted to the International published on December 4th, 2017,
Table 9. Needs identified in ICA 2017
Needs identified in ICA of the 2nd BUR

(a) Development of improved methodology for collecting and consolidating information on financial resources received, so as
to be able to differentiate the amount of resources disbursed in the period versus the total amount of resources committed for the
project, among other methodologies required. (UNFCCC, 2017) (Unfccc, 2017).
(b) Improving the estimation of GHG emissions in the waste sector. (UNFCCC, 2017) (Unfccc, 2017).
(c) Increasing and promoting scientific research on the development of emission factors specific to each country, particularly for
the energy sector. (UNFCCC, 2017) (Unfccc, 2017).
(d) Strengthening institutional arrangements (roles and responsibilities) of the different units involved in the preparation of the
GHG inventory. (UNFCCC, 2017) (Unfccc, 2017).
(e) Improving institutional arrangements for a better interaction with all institutions that have information on methodologies and as-
sumptions that are used to track the progress of mitigation actions and their effects for the BUR report. (UNFCCC, 2017) (Unfccc,
2017).
(f) Strengthening the capacity to quantify the impact of the real and expected GHG mitigation actions and their effects.(UNFCCC,
2017) (Unfccc, 2017).
(g) Building capacity on mitigation actions involving other ministries and institutions for BUR preparation.(UNFCCC, 2017) (Un-
fccc, 2017).
(h) Improving the systematization of information collection, from public and private sectors through the development of a perma-
nent active system expected in the report.(UNFCCC, 2017) (Unfccc, 2017).
Source: Climate Change Office, MMA based on ICA report (UNFCCC, 2017)
6
https://UNFCCC.int/sites/default/files/resource/docs/2017/tasr/chl.pdf

Lago General Carrera, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile
Need Status
The need to improve the way in which information on support received is recorded and compiled at a sector level subsists, and
how we could centralize its management. The information reported does not allow identifying and accurately differentiate the
resources committed from those disbursed for a particular project over a specific period of time.
To increase the quality of the emissions estimate from the waste sector the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT)
project is considered, which includes resources for data activity and parameters improvement of this sector, particularly those
related to solid waste.
Emission factors have been developed for some categories of Agriculture and LULUCF sectors. However, it is necessary to
continue promoting scientific activity (through training and technology transfer) for a continuous research of these values. In
the case of the energy sector, it is required to improve the collection of information on fuels characteristics for the subsequent
development of country-specific emission factors. Notwithstanding the above, the MINENERGIA does not yet have the means
(legal and technical) to begin this process.
Although a working agreement with the MINENERGIA is maintained, there is a need to institutionalize the links with the MINA-
GRI and its institutions. Such strengthening is still pending, but in spite of its absence, the sector teams’ willingness has allowed
the good performance of the SNICHILE work plan.
Work has been done towards the delivery of technical support on the MRV issue, as well as in the follow-up of policies related
to mitigation. We have also participated in the development of sector policies linked to the issue of climate change. In the short
term, it is intended to develop a platform for registration and information of mitigation actions, allowing to permanently maintain
communication and systematization of information through the registration of mitigation actions that include sector policies. It is
expected to develop this platform through the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) project.
The Ministry of the Environment is looking for ways to strengthen the capacity to quantify the impact of the real and expected
GHG mitigation actions within sectors. So far, the most important progress is associated to the development of the future Chilean
Climate Change Law, where it is expected to define certain sector responsibilities that include this point.
This work was undertaken for the preparation of the present report, strengthening the capacities on mitigation actions in
different sectors. Among them, the Energy sector entirely assumed the development of its section in the preparation of this BUR.
It is soon expected to have some type of platform that allows keeping involved the various ministries and institutions in the BUR
development.
As mentioned in point e), it is expected to have a registration of mitigation actions platform to gather the information necessary
for reports on a permanent basis.

3. SUPPORT FOR CLIMATE ACTION
This chapter of the report presents • Stage IV: For support information to 3.1.1. Financial Resources
information on support received private sector initiatives, it was reviewed
(international) and delivered (national) and analyzed the web pages of funds Support in the preparation and
for activities related to climate change. and multilateral institutions that contribute publication of National Communications
The supporting information is presented with concession loans or other financial
in the following three categories and instruments. Para la preparación y publicación del
corresponding subcategories: The support committed through the GEF
• Stage V: For information on domestic for the preparation and publication of
• Support received for activities related support, it was included an update the Third Biennial Update Report and
to climate change study on the public spending, as well as Fourth National Communication is USD$
- Financial Resources information on resources and activities 852,000, amount that will be put in
- Capacity building and technical designed to bilateral cooperation. place during the period 2017 - 2021.
assistance Approximately 73 % of the budget
- Technology transfer The time scope of the information (USD$625 thousand) is intended for the
• Domestic support for activities related contained in this section focuses on those preparation of information on adaptation
to climate change initiatives that were granted support and mitigation components included in
during the period between August 2016 the reports (Table 10).
Gathering the information in this section and March 2018.
was performed using the following
methodology: However, it also includes information on
projects started prior to the reporting
• Stage I: Identification of the various period, but still under performance during
initiatives and international support the term July 2016 - March 2018. This
received about climate change in information is presented separately from
the country, those coordinated by the the figures for new financial resources
MMA and those performed by other awarded during this period.
public institutions. It was reviewed the
Lago Grey en el Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile
information reported in the second BUR
and all initiatives known by the MMA. 3.1. Support received for
activities related to Climate
• Stage II: Afterthe information was Change
collected and identified various
initiatives and the support that was This section summarizes the Climate
received, a formal survey was sent to Change initiatives for which Chile has
public institutions that are a part of received international support in their
the Inter-Ministrial Technical Team on development and/or implementation.
Climate Change (ETICC), requesting The information is classified according to
for validation and updating of such the type of support received, as per the
initiatives, as well as for incorporation of following three categories:
new information on support received for
the reporting period of this report. • Financial Resources
• Stage III: A review process was carried • Capacity building and technical
out with some public institutions to clarify assistance
and/or to complete the information
reported. • Technology transfer

Table 10. Support to the Third Biennial Update Report and Fourth National Communication
Support in the preparation of Chile’s Third Biennial Update Report (3BUR) and the Fourth National Communication (4NC) to
the UNFCCC
Objective:
Assist the country in the preparation of the national reports on climate change to be submitted by Chile to the UNFCCC in
2018 and 2020.
Project description:
Preparation and publication of the Third Biennial Update Report and Fourth National Communication.
Component Amount (USD)

Vulnerability and adaptation assessment 345,000
Mitigation and MRV systems 280,000
Creation and capacity-building 86,050
Presentation of the reports to the UNFCCC and learnt lessons 63,500
Project Management 77,450
TOTAL (USD) 852,000
Source: Prepared by the authors, Office of Climate Change, MMA
Para el desarrollo de los reportes For the of specialized staff to the report contribution of USD $4,337 in expenses
development of the international reports, preparation tasks, a contribution valued associated with logistical support (Table
Chile contributes with the assignment at USD $77,265. In addition, a domestic 11) is estimated.
Table 11. Domestic contribution to the preparation of the Third Biennial Update Report and Fourth National Communication
Source and type of non-monetary contribution Valuation (USD)

Government of Chile: Hours worked in the preparation and publication of reports 77,256
Government of Chile: Logistics support (use of offices, infrastructure, equipment, rooms rental) 4,337
TOTAL 81,593
Source: Prepared by the authors, Office of Climate Change, MMA.
Palafito, Chiloé, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

Other financial resources managed $ 40,207,701 for Chile to perform the Fund, the Forest Carbon Partnership
through the public sector activities of the national climate agenda Facility (FCPF), the National Program UN
(Table 13). REDD and the Clean Technology Fund
This section summarizes information (CTF), which together contribute with
regarding those financial resources Bilateral contributions represent about 66 % of this category’s resources.
allocated to Chile to facilitate the approximately 28% of the financial
fulfillment of commitments in the areas of resources approved during the period. Regarding the scope of international
report: mitigation, NGHGI, adaptation The resources allocate through “Financial negotiation, the German Government
and international negotiation. These Institutions and Multilateral Initiatives" continues to provide financial resources
contributions refer to direct flows of are equivalent to 72 %. to the countries of the regional
money received by the country to AILAC negotiation group to advice to
develop specific activities or programs For the reporting period, the vast majority delegations, their experts and to perform
of the national climate agenda. It does of bilateral contributions approved (92%) logistics tasks. As a member country of
not include flows of money to the private come from the governments of Canada AILAC, Chile has access to this support;
sector. and Germany. however, as these contributions are
intended to finance activities of the entire
The information of financial resources in In the category "Financial Institutions and AILAC, there is no detail of the specific
this section does not include resources Multilateral Initiatives", the outstanding contribution aimed to each country.
for preparation and publication of contributions are those of Adaptation
national communications, which have
already been presented separately in the
previous section.
The flows of financial resources were

categorized according to the type of
donor, as follows:
• Bilateral: Resources from a specific

country that performs a joint project with
the Chilean Government, or sponsored
by the Chilean Government.
• Financial Institutions and Multilateral

Initiatives: this classification includes the
funds/programs that receive contributions
from several developed countries to be
subsequently distributed to developing
countries (e.g. Global Environment
Facility GEF, the Adaptation Fund,
UNFCCC), being possible to allocate
these resources through multilateral
financial institutions (for example, PMR
and CTF with World Bank).
During the reporting period (July 2016

to March 2018), donor countries and
institutions have approved a total of

Table 12. Detail of financial resources allocated, by type of donor, period July 2016-March 2018
Financial Scope
Type of donor resources Sectors
(USD) R M I A N
Bilateral/countries 11,268,388
Germany 5,055,559 • Crosswise | Energy |
Canada 5,300,000 • • Waste
Switzerland 800,000 • • Forestry
United Kingdom 62,829 • • Crosswise
Korea 50,000 • • Forestry
Initiatives and Multilateral Financial Institutions 28,939,313
Adaptation Fund (United Nations) 9,960,000 • Agriculture
Readiness Fund Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF- 4,000,000 • • Forestry
World Bank)
UN-REDD Targeted Support 560,000 • • Forestry
UN-REDD National Program 1,000,000 • • Forestry
The Clean Technology Fund (World Bank) 3,500,000 • Energy
Various GEFs 2,680,000 • Forestry| Energy
|Fishing
Partnership for Market Readiness PMR (World Bank) 1,980,000 • Crosswise |Energy
UNFCCC Green Climate Fund GCF (World Bank) 2,000,000 • • Crosswise
CBIT-GEF 1,200,000 • • • Crosswise
NDC Support Program UNDP Federal Republic of Germany 802,500 • Crosswise
| Spain | European Commission
Energy Sector Management Assistance Program ESMAP 500,000 • • Energy| Housing
Other IDB 307,813 • • Crosswise |Energy
CCA-SNAP (Supporting National Action and Planning on 184,000 • Energy| Waste |
Short Lived Climate Pollutants) Transportation
APEC fund 170,000 • Agriculture
Euroclima Plus - GIZ /ECLAC 95,000 • Energy | Transport |
Crosswise
Total 40,207,701
R = Report; M = Mitigation; I = NGHGI; A = Adaptation; N = International Negotiation
Source: Prepared by the authors, Climate Change Office of the MMA

Table 13 presents information on the those for a total value higher than the period. These projects and their
major projects that receive financial USD$500,000). These projects represent amounts are included in the consolidated
resources during the period (including 97 % of the resources approved during table 12 above.
Table 13. Main projects approved to receive support in financial resources, period July 2016 - March 2018
Project Objective
“Enhancing resilience to climate change of the small Increasing the resilience capacity of rural communities at the coast
agriculture in the Chilean Region of O'Higgins” (2016- and dry land of the O’Higgins Region in Chile.
2019).
Chile - Canada cooperation program for the reduction Implementing measures to improve the municipal organic waste
of greenhouse gas emissions associated to municipal management to reduce GHG emissions;
organic waste management. Adaptation of Canadian MRV protocols for Landfills that capture
biogas, anaerobic digestion and compost plants.
Crosswise activities in causes of deforestation, vegetation Crosswise support to the preparation of the ENCCRV phase
and degrading of vegetation resources. Supporting the design of a payment structure for environmental
Design of a payment structure for environmental services. services within the context formulated by the ENCCRV and other
instruments and related programs under performance in the country.
CO2 emissions reduction through the use of Accelerating the incorporation of co-generation technologies in Chile.
Cogeneration in Industry and Commerce
Strengthening of products necessary for the Reducing emissions from deforestation and forests degradation.
implementation of ENCCRV in the territory.
Support for the ENCCRV implementation phase. Reducing emissions attributed to deforestation, forestry degradation
and increased stocks by conservation and management.
Technical assistance for the Sustainable Geothermal Promoting sustainable development in the use of geothermal
Project Development. marketable resources in the country.
Strengthening the capacity of adaptation to climate Reducing vulnerability and increasing capacity of adaptation to
change in the Chilean fishery and aquaculture sector. climate change of Chilean fishery and aquaculture sector.

Description Donor Financial
Institution resources
Fund (USD)
Designing and implementing measures to reduce vulnerability of small farmers The Adaptation Fund 9,960,000
respect to changes in agricultural production, ecosystem services and (UNFCCC- World Bank)
biodiversity.
Identifying projects’ feasibility at different municipalities throughout the country, Government of Canada 5,300,000
in order to act as pilots;
The typology of projects can be: compost, anaerobic digestion or energy,
whether thermal or electric energy.
Using MRV protocols in projects related to solid waste management, so as to
consider the market of tradable emissions.
Studies associated to generating synergy links in order to comply with the goal Forest Carbon Partnership 4,000,000
of the forestry sector in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Facility (FCPF).
The project supports the introduction to the market and to the Chilean energy Germany 4,538,418
sector of efficient cogeneration technologies, particularly in the industry and
commerce and it contributes, through specialized training and the efficient use of
fossil fuels and renewable sources, for reduction of GHG emissions.
Support for the design of an Environmental Forest Fund (FFA) as a financial UN-REDD 560,000
architecture tool of the National Climate Change Strategy and Vegetation Targeted Support
Resources (ENCCRV) of Chile and implementation of pilot projects in the
territory.
Through the UN-REDD’s NP, it will strengthen and answer the four elements UN-REDD 1,000,000
of the Cancun Agreements included in the Warsaw Framework for REDD+, National Program
where there are still gaps in the country, in the case of Chile correspond to:
the National ENCCRV, Forest Monitoring System (NFMS), Reference Level of
Forestry Emissions/ Forestry Reference Level (NREF/NRF) and the Safeguards
Information System (SIS), through the NP it will develop a system allowing to
issue the reports required by the UNFCCC.
Technical assistance to mitigate barriers and to improve conditions in the sector CTF 3,500,000
of geothermal energy in Chile: management of geothermal energy concessions
system, indigenous consultation processes for geothermal energy exploitation
concessions, the analysis of the conditions for the development of geothermal
projects for power generation, and their contribution to the electrical system and
the implementation of the Low Enthalpy Geothermal Program driven by the DER.
Strengthening institutional capacities to CC adaptation; improving adaptability GEF 2,500,000

of small fishermen and aqua-farmers;
communicating and disseminating the impacts of climate change in small fishery
and aquaculture.

Project Objective
Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR) Providing technical assistance to the monitoring, reporting and
2017-2019 verification (MRV) and designing economic instruments to set carbon
prices.
Support to the implementation of activities of the Green Strengthening the task of DNA and the GCF in Chile.
Climate Fund (GCF).
Strengthening the Chile’s NDC Transparency Framework Strengthening and improving the mechanisms of national institutions
for international and domestic reporting.
NDC Programme UNDP Support Expanding investment in Climate Change and supporting sustainable
development, using NDC as instrument and vehicle.
Institutionally strengthening of the regions for Contributing to consolidation of the overall objective of ENCCRV.
implementation of the ENCCRV.
Global Carbon Market Chile Supporting the development of carbon pricing instruments and
exploring climate financing mechanisms that can contribute to the
fulfillment of Chile’s commitments in terms of greenhouse gases
reduction.
TOTAL
Source: Office of Climate Change, MMA.

Description Donor Financial
Fund (USD)
Financial and technical support to build the technical and institutional capacities Several donors through World 1,980,000
that enable a robust implementation of carbon tax, and analysis and design Bank
of supplementary proposals of carbon price instruments, such as a national
emissions trading system (ETS) and carbon offset systems, among other.
Developing a country program and build a portfolio of projects that can be GCF 2,000,000
submitted to the GCF.
Developing an accreditation process for local entities.
Supporting to the DNA.
Developing the institutional framework to get a no objection letter of the projects.
Strengthening and improving the mechanisms of national institutions for GEF-CBIT 1,200,000
international and domestic reporting, with emphasis on emissions prospective
work, climate actions follow-up and public and international financing.
Supporting the implementation of the NDC, transparency systems, commitment UNDP 802,500
by the private sector and integration of the measures on gender approach in the Germany | Spain | European
planning and implementation of the NDC. Commission
Implementation of activities and actions of the National Strategy on Climate Swiss Confederation 800,000
Change and Vegetation Resources at Puren district "Ecological restoration
project of the basin of high Puren river"
Knowledge-sharing activities with the Andean Forests Program
Knowledge Management activities (international courses, among other).
Supporting Chile’s efforts for the fulfilment of its Climate Change international Government of Germany 517,141
commitments, through the generation of the necessary knowledge for decision-
makers in the public and private sectors to be prepared for development and
implementation of ad-hoc mitigation actions for the national context.
38,658,059

Considering the difficulty to identify and presents information on projects under of these projects will continue under
accurately differentiate the resources implementation during the analysis implementation beyond 2018.
approved and disbursed during period, but which resources were
the analysis period, Table 14 also approved prior to July 2016. Most
Table 14. Main projects under implementation reported by public agencies, with resources approved before July 2016.
Amounts reported correspond to the total cost of the project.
Project Objective Donor Financial

Background (USD)
Self-sufficiency NAMA: Promoting incorporation of renewable energy systems for self-suf- NAMA 19,820,000
Renewable Energies for ficiency in Chile through the creation of financial and technical Facility
self-consumption in Chile conditions adequate for the early stages of this emerging indus- Germany
(SSREs) try’s development. – United
2015-2022 Kingdom
Solar Energy Promotion Establishing markets for renewable energies on a large scale, Germany 9,554,000
(focus on CSP) focusing on the use of solar power with solar thermal concentrate
2014-2019 systems (CSP) and photovoltaic systems, in order to significantly
contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in Chile.
Integrated Monitoring Developing and implementing an Integrated Monitoring System of GEF 6,300,000
System of Native Forest Native Forests Ecosystems in support to the definition of policies,
Ecosystems (SIMEF) regulations and Sustainable Forest Management Practices,
2015-2019 incorporating REDD+, biodiversity and conservation in forest
ecosystems, as well as supporting the National Inventory of
Greenhouse Gases.
Sustainable Land Facing the high vulnerability of Chile to desertification and land GEF 5,800,000
Management degradation.
2012-2019
Solar energy for electricity Developing a favorable regulatory framework and supporting the Germany 4,180,122
and heat generation increase of the solar energy market for electrical and thermal-con-
2012-2017 sumption. In addition, work has done to strengthen local expertise
through training.
Biogas Project - Dairy Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by promoting GEF 1,715,151
Sector. investment and market development of biogas-based energy
2015-2019 technologies in selected agro-industries in Chile.
Low Emission Capacity Promoting and building capacity in the public and private sector European 1,614,000
Building - Chile (LECB-Chile) for measurement and mitigation of GHG emissions. Com-
2012 - 2017 mission,
Germany,
Australia
Supporting to the Chilean Non-reimbursable Technical Cooperation contributed by the IDB to IDB 550,000
energy agenda the Ministry of Energy for the implementation of a series of studies
2015-2018 and consultancies within the framework of the Energy Agenda in
Chile 2014-2018.
Emerging and Sustainable Establishing the conditions and formalities allowing the solution of IDB 1,000,000
Cities Initiative (ESCI) for the common problems to a metropolitan government, through munici-
Metropolitan Area of La Ser- pal, provincial and regional associativity.
ena/ Coquimbo and Puerto
Montt/Puerto Varas
2015-2018
TOTAL 50,533,273
Source: Prepared by the authors, Office of Climate Change, MMA.

Financial resources channeled to private through public interventions and direct related to the climate agenda. Most of
sector projects private flows, in addition to information these activities have contributed to the
on intermediaries, the type of instrument strengthening of technical capabilities
In the second BUR, a section to report and the investment sector. within public entities for the construction
information on financial resources of the public agenda on climate change.
channeled from the outside to private This is anarea with room for
sector projects related to climate change improvement, but it will greatly depend Table 15 presents a summary of
was included in an exploratory manner. on the availability and accessibility to international initiatives for technical
This section considered financial support information in international institutions assistance and capacity building where
from development banking institutions, in that are already performing this type of Chile participates permanently. The
addition to institutions and funds focused analysis. scope of the support received is broad
on financing climate change mitigation covering projects, workshops, studies
actions, and the transition towards a low- 3.1.2. Capacity building and and expert visits to and from abroad.
carbon economy. technical assistance
After the COP 21, in 2015, the focus
In this third Biennial Update Report, it This section discusses the support of the programs and international
has been selected not to include this received by the country in the area initiatives has been facilitating the
information because it was not possible of capacity building and technical successful implementation of the Paris
to compile robust data on this type of assistance. The concept of capacity Agreement. Access to this type of
projects and resources. There is limited building and technical assistance is support and activities has been crucial
information available, in addition to developed in Chile through two lines of to the development of capabilities and
different definitions and methodologies. work: instruments to facilitate climate public
At the time of this report’s preparation, policy. It highlights the progress made
the OECD database for Official • National: at a domestic efforts regarding GHG inventories, reporting
Development Assistance (ODA) contains level, capacity building and technical capabilities and transparency and
information about flows for climate assistance is understood as "a process planning of mitigation and adaptation
action updated as of 2016. However, that seeks to improve the individuals, actions.
this report includes information as organizations and institutions capacity
from July 2016, hence it is likely that it to identify, plan and implement ways The country's participation in the Latin
includes information not corresponding of mitigation and adaptation to climate American Network of Inventories of
to the period of analysis. In addition, as change" (NAPCC 2017-2022). This National Inventories of Greenhouse
from 2017 Chile no longer qualifies as process takes place at different levels Gases (RedINGEI) is highlighted, arising
an ODA’s beneficiary country. through research, education, training and from the need of the regional countries
awareness activities, and the promotion to share their experiences given their
OECD’s information on "other official of cooperation among organizations common needs. The RedINGEI has
(financial) flows" (OOF) and other and sectors both at a national and been an important initiative for the
private flows is available online at international level. The current National country, allowing the development of
the aggregate level. Having access Action Plan on Climate Change, 2017- capacities in the inventory of SNICHILE
to detailed information at a recipient 2022 NAPCC, considers two main lines professionals; and being a platform for
country level, amount, type of instrument of action to move forward in this process: the generation of cooperation networks
and destination sector of resources (1) Promotion of research on climate among the countries of the region.
would allow for further progress in a change issues, and (2) Education and
figure more useful to the report. awareness strategy to address climate It is important to note that, given the
change. global nature of these initiatives and
The work to generate a robust figure their way of operating in most cases no
would require going beyond the • Internacional: In the period covered information is available on the specific
identification of investment flows toward by this report, Chile has received the amounts intended to finance the activities
low-carbon investment in the domestic contribution from various countries in which Chile participates.
private sector, and also making an which have contributed with projects
analysis of the financial sources , for and/or access to training initiatives and
example, flows mobilized (leveraged) technical support on different matters

Table 15. Major International Initiatives focused on capacity building with permanent participation by Chile, 2016-2018
Scope Initiative Name Objective
M, A 2050 Pathways Platform Supporting countries in the formulation of development of low-emission

strategies for long-term,
M,A UNDP Supporting countries in the domestic implementation of the Paris Agree-
NDC Support Programme ment.
M,A NDC Partnership Facilitating access to technical and financial support so that countries
accelerate climate action objectives achievement.
M,N,R Partnership on Transparency in the Facilitating the exchange and communication among countries to
Paris Agreement (PATPA) strengthen the implementation effort towards an improved framework for
transparency of the Paris Agreement.
M, I Low Emission Capacity Building Promoting and building capacity in the public and private sector for
Programme LECB measurement and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.
R,M,I Information Matters Supporting institutions of participating countries in the analysis of their
monitoring and communication processes, reducing gaps, improvement
of these processes in accordance with international standards and
requirements by the UNFCCC
M,A EUROCLIMA PLUS Facilitating the strategies and measures for mitigation and adaptation to
climate change integration into the development of public policies and
plans in Latin America.
M,A Regional Platform for Latin America Strengthening quality, support and leadership of LEDS strategies in the
and the Caribbean: LEDS LAC region, adopting their effective implementation, driving their development
at a national and sub-national level.

Description Donor Starting Status
Year
Multilateral initiative that brings together different types of stakeholders to France, Sweden, The 2016 Under
share ideas and best practices for the construction of, low emission develop- European Climate performance
ment strategies for long-term Foundation, The
Children's Investment
Fund Foundation.
The program uses the NDC as an instrument for the design of comprehensive, Germany, European 2017 Under
inclusive and sustainable policies of resilient and low-carbon development. This Commission performance
is a part of the work carried out within the context of the NDC Partnership.
Focusing on implementation of the NDC of developing countries, combining Australia, Denmark, 2016 Under
work at the household level and dissemination of information Germany, France, performance
Holland, Ireland
Their approach is based on sharing experiences and good practices to identify Germany, Korea, 2016 Under
robust options and practices that strengthen the transparency of climate South Africa performance
global action. Prior to the COP 22, this was the International Partnership on
Mitigation and MRV.
The Chilean LECB chapter is concentrated in five components: (1) Updating the European Com- 2012 Completed
national GHG inventory and the creation of a national inventories system, (2) mission, Germany, in 2017
Implementation of the national carbon management program, HuellaChile, Australia
(3) System of measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) for appropriate
mitigation actions in the public and private sectors.
(4) Design of a low-carbon national development strategy for (LEDS) and (5)
Promoting the involvement of the private sector in mitigation, increasing
financing options in mitigation measures and analyzing climate change public
and private expenditure.
In consultation with counterparts, identifying the specific needs and priorities of Germany 2013 Completed
MRV systems and of GHG emissions monitoring, and improving these systems in 2017
through customized workshops and courses developed.
Regional cooperation program between the European Union and Latin European Phase III Under
America, focused on climate change. The Program seeks to achieve the Commission Performance
following results: Improving the exchange of information and experiences on
climate change, increasing political awareness and strengthening institutional
capacities; identifying and prioritizing adaptation and mitigation measures
"useful in any case" and/or with additional benefits; and strengthening food
security in Latin America, contributing to a sustainable agriculture with a
greater capacity to mitigate the effects and adapt to climate change.
It is a part of the Global Alliance on Low-Carbon Development Strategies Multilateral 2011 Under
(LEDS-GP) founded in 2011, which operates through an innovative model of Performance
distributed leadership, with regional institutions managing the local platforms
from the countries, and international organizations providing technical support
(LEDS GP, 2012)

Ámbito Nombre iniciativa Objetivo
M,A Iberian-American network of Climate It works as an instrument for permanent dialog on mitigation and
Change Offices (LARIOCC). adaptation of climate change.
M,I Global Research Alliance (GRA) Join the countries to finding ways to produce more food without
increasing GHG emissions
M,N Mitigation Action Implementation Driving ambitious mitigation actions by means of identifying best
Network (MAIN) practices, effective financing mechanisms and MRV.
N,M,A Cartagena Dialogue for Progressive Building an ambitious, comprehensive and legally binding regime under
Action. the UNFCCC.
N Ambition Leaders: Supporting the To support AILAC countries to provide advice to delegations, their experts
AILAC countries at the climate and the performance of logistic tasks, both during negotiations and in-
negotiations between sessions.
I Latin American Network of National Facilitate the sustainable development of technical and institutional
Inventories of Greenhouse Gases. capacities in national inventories of greenhouse gases through the
exchange of experiences, lessons learned and the adoption of good
practices among the member countries.
R = Report; M = Mitigation; I = NGHGI; A = Adaptation; N = International Negotiation

Descripción Donante Año inicio Estado
It is integrated by the offices or national climate change units in the ministries Kingdom of Spain 2004 Under
of the environment of the countries of the Iberian-American Community of Performance
Nations (21 countries). The network establishes relationships with other
networks, organizations and institutions, particularly with those regional to
promote synergies between studies and experiences in the region (LARIOCC,
2012).
The GRA focuses on research, development and extension of technologies and New Zealand | GRA 2011 Under
practices that help providing ways to produce more food, without an increase Performance
in GHG emissions. The objective of the members of the Alliance is to deepen
and increase research efforts through the mitigation at rice, crops and livestock
agricultural sub-sectors, and crosswise issues on measurement of soil carbon,
the nitrogen cycle, and GHG inventories
Technical Cooperation, organization of workshops and regional and global Germany | Kingdom 2012 Under
dialogues on development and implementation of specific NAMAs in the of Denmark | Performance
transportation, energy and waste sectors. Canada
Chile is participating in this informal forum for dialogue on Climate Change, Multilateral 2011 Under
which brings together the countries maintaining a high level of commitment to Performance
the GHG reduction targets, which support a process in a universal and legally
binding agreement.
For the fulfilment of the objectives, a reliable and efficient supporting Germany 2013 Under
infrastructure is under performance allowing analyzing complex issues and Performance
summarizing this information to delegations, as well as developing negotiating
strategies, establishing effective communication structures and negotiation
skills.
Triangular South-South Cooperation Initiative between Spanish-speaking Latin Multilateral 2016 Under
American countries and international donors that aims to increase the quality Performance
of inventories and their reports through capacity-building activities and the
exchange of experience among the member countries.

3.1.3. Technology transfer baseline on expenditure and investments information on initiatives aimed at the
in technology, identifying needs and transfer of any specific technology,
This line of action led by the Corporación establishing technological priorities for as well as the technical support and
de Fomento de la Producción (CORFO), climate change. capacity building to develop it.
seeks to have an updated strategy for the
development and transfer of technology This section discusses the support
towards 2020. As input for its received by the country in the area of
preparation, it is expected to analyze the technology transfer. Table 16 presents
Edificios de Providencia, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile

Table 16. Initiatives related to technology, transfer period 2016-2018
Scope Starting Ending Initiative Name Objective Description Donor

Year Year
M 2015 - Geothermal Financial Instrument financed by the Clean CTF
Risk Mitigation instrument aimed Technology Fund (CTF) and administered
Program (MiRiG). to mitigate the by the IDB for a total of US 72 million.
risk of deep MiRiG covers the stage of drilling wells
geothermal for a maximum amount to be defined
exploration and in each case: In the event of success in
development of perforation, it becomes a long-term credit
geothermal steam and if it fails, it becomes a donation up to
field. a certain limit value.
To 2016 2020 Enhancing Increasing the Designing and implementing measures to Adaptation
resilience to capacity of reduce vulnerability of small farmers faced Fund
Climate Change resilience in rural to changes in agricultural production,
of the small communities on the ecosystem services and biodiversity.
agriculture in the coast and dry land
Chilean region of in the O'Higgins
O'Higgins. Region of Chile.
M 2017 2020 Chile - Canada Implementing The program seeks to identify feasibility Canada
cooperation measures to of pilot projects at different municipalities
program for improve the throughout the country. The typology of
the reduction municipal projects can be: compost, anaerobic
of greenhouse organic waste digestion or energy, either thermal or
gas associated management ; electricity. It will implement MRV protocols,
to the municipal Protocols considering the participation of tradable
organic waste Adaptation of emissions in the market.
management. Canadian MRVs,
for Landfills that
capture biogas,
anaerobic
digestion and
compost plants.
M 2017 2020 Reduction of Accelerating the The project supports the introduction to Germany
CO2 emissions introduction of the market and the Chilean energy sector
through the use co-generation of efficient co-generation technologies,
of co-generation technology in particularly in industry and commerce
in Industry and Chile. and it contributes, through specialized
Commerce. training and the efficient use of fossil fuels
and renewable sources, to the reduction of
GHG emissions.
M 2017 2020 Technical Promoting Technical assistance to mitigate barriers CTF
assistance for sustainable and improve conditions in the sector of
the Sustainable development of the geothermal energy in Chile: management
Geothermal use of marketable of geothermal energy concessions
Project geothermal system, indigenous consultation processes
Development. resources in the for concessions of geothermal energy
country. exploitation, the analysis of conditions for
the development of geothermal projects for
power generation and their contribution to
the electrical system and implementation of
the Program of Low Enthalpy Geothermal
energy driven by the DER.
R = Report; M = Mitigation; I = NGHGI; Adaptation; N == International Negotiation
Source: own elaboration, Climate Change Office, MMA

A summary of the training and capacity the main results of the second and final unique-integrated form of climate expense
building activities attended by public phases of the initiative. (GCC), and environmental protection
sector professionals during the period expenditure (GPA). This considers that
2016 - 2018 is presented in Annex 7. For its implementation, the methodology for the GPA report are available agreed
'Climate Public Expenditure and methodologies at an international level,
Institutional Review' (CPEIR) was applied. and that Chile has already reported
3.2. Domestic support for In this second stage, the methodology official figures (2015). Accordingly, in
activities related to climate was applied under a bottom-up order to be consistent and synergistic
change approach to a specific sample by the in the information report, the GCC is
Central Government, particularly in the integrated to the methodology used to
3.2.1. National Climate Financing Ministries of Energy, Agriculture, Public calculate the GPA.
Strategy Works and Environment.
The following steps to be implemented
It is important to note that since the Within the main results of the project are:
beginning of 2017 Chile no longer is the ad hoc definition of expenditure
belongs to the list of countries eligible for on climate change agreed with the • The incorporation of other ministries
official development assistance (ODA). participating ministries, in order to (e.g.: Ministry of Social Development).
This new scenario has derived into a distinguish climate initiatives. Following
decrease of financial support flows the nomenclature established at the NDC • Validating the definition of climate
towards the country in relation to the Chile, initiatives were classified with a expenditure emerged from the Project.
period reported in the second BUR. direct or indirect guidance according to
four principles. For the first orientation • Validating (updating and/or reformu-
Within the context of the work to the principle of purpose was applied, lating) the GPA-GCC unique-integrated
develop a strategy for climate financing while for the second the principles of form.
(commitment in its NDC), the Chilean consistency, comprehensiveness and
Government is implementing measures contingency were applied. • Reactivating the GPA report platform
to define and assess domestic resources used in 2015, and integrating the new
intended for actions related to climate Given the pilot and provisional nature GPA-GCC form once validated.
change. of the exercise, the figures of the
study are not official. However, it is • Using the form as a pilot in the platform
The Ministry of Environment, in worth mentioning that, according at a central level and with regional
collaboration with the Ministry of to its classification, climate change governments.
Finance and with the support of the LECB- expenditure was distributed in 63 %
Chile Program, implemented between to adaptation, 19 % to mitigation, and • Training the services that will report on
2015 and 2017 the 'Climate Expense' the remaining 18 % to mixed efforts GPA-GCC.
pilot project. In addition, the Budget (adaptation-mitigation). An interesting
Office (DIPRES), the United Nations result is the expenditure orientation • Developing a manual for the GPA-
Development Program (UNDP) and the classification: 99 % of the expenditure GCC report.
Economic Commission for Latin America had an indirect guidance and only 1 %
and the Caribbean (ECLAC) granted a direct guidance.
technical support. The second BUR
reported the progress of the first phase In addition, another product obtained
of this project. This third BUR presents from the project is the proposal for a

The development of the described generating a permanent system, it is able supports have been remotely delivered
activities will be supported by the to meet the reporting requirements for the to a number of countries in the region
Capacity Building Initiative for preparation of inventories in the context including Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and
Transparency (CBIT) managed by the of biennial reports and, in addition, to Cuba among other. Additionally, the
Global Environmental Facility (GEF). go a little further by generating relevant Chilean experience has been shared
information such as regional inventories. within contexts (workshops, seminars and
3.2.2. Support delivered This occurs mainly by the continuing other) organized by the UNFCCC, IPCC
creation and maintenance of capacities or the INGEI Network. More detail on
According to the Chile’s NDC, particularly of technical teams and by the increasing the support delivered during the period
the pillar of Building and Strengthening state funding for the team formation. covered by this report is presented as a
Capacities, Chile undertook to work table in the Annex 7.
in cooperation with other countries, The SNICHILE has transformed this
developing and strengthening the experience into support to other countries In addition, Chile maintains bilateral
capabilities of nations so requiring. in the region that they are in a situation cooperation programs that address
The above through education and similar that the Chilean system was in different areas of work, including climate
training based on the information and the beginning. It highlights the support change. Among them, the Chile-Mexico
knowledge acquired in the preparation delivered directly to other countries Joint Cooperation Fund, managed in
of national communication, inventories of for the creation and strengthening of Chile by the International Agency for
greenhouse gas emissions and biennial capabilities such as support missions International Cooperation (AGCI). This
update reports among other. to Paraguay, intended to strengthen the Fund has an annual budget of 2 million
NGHGI for the implementation of the dollars, contributed in equal amounts
In the case of inventories, the country improved transparency framework of by both countries (contribution of one
has achieved in presenting five NGHGI the Paris Agreement, generating a series million dollars each country). This budget
in different reports, three of which have from 1990 to 2012 and developing an finances projects in different areas of the
been developed within the framework NGHGI national system for Paraguay. Fund, not only projects related to climate
of the SNICHILE. Since its formation The activities consisted of three technical change.
in 2012, the SNICHILE has learnt a visits carried out between September
number of lessons that have allowed it 2017 and July 2018. Other direct
Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

ECLAC. (2012). The Economics of Climate Change in Chile Santiago: United Nations.
UNFCCC. (2012). Report of the Conference of the Parties on its seventeenth session, held in Durban from 28 November to 11 December
2011. Conference of the Parties, (p. 93). Durban.
UNFCCC. (2015). Summary Report on the Technical Analysis of the First BUR of Chile submitted on 10 December 2014. Obtained from United
Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change: http://UNFCCC.int/resource/docs/2015/tasr/chl.pdf
Deuman Ingenieros. (2003). Technology transfer for climate change. Final Report.
EUROCLIMA. (2014). EUROCLIMA. Obtained from EUROCLIMA: A PROGRAM FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION: http://www.euroclima.org/
es/euroclima/que-es-euroclima
GEF. (2013). Global Environment Facility. Obtained from Technology Transfer for Climate Change: http://www.thegef.org/gef/Technolo-
gy_Transfer
The Government of Chile. (2015). National Contribution attempt to Chile for the Paris 2015 climate agreement, http://www4.UNFCCC.int/
Submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Chile/1/Chile%20INDC%20FINAL.pdf.
International Partnership on mitigation and MRV. (2014). International Partnership on mitigation and MRV. Obtained from About the Partner-
ship: http://mitigationpartnership.net/about-partnership
IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the
Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-PartB_FINAL.pdf.
IPCC. (2014). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Obtained from Working Group III: Mitigation : Technology Transfer: http://www.
LARIOCC. (2012). Latin American Network of Climate Change Offices. Obtained from who we are: http://www.lariocc.es/es/quienes-so-
mos/
LEDS GP. (2012). Global Partnership LEDS. Obtained from About the Partnership: http://ledsgp.org/about
Mitigation Momentum. (2013). The Mitigation Momentum Project. Obtained from Project: http://www.mitigationmomentum.org/project.html
MMA. (2014). The National Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change. Santiago: http://portal.mma.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/
Plan-Nacional-Adaptacion-Cambio-Climatico-version-final.pdf.
MMA. (2014). The National Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change. http://portal.mma.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Plan-Nacion-
al-Adaptacion-Cambio-Climatico-version-final.pdf.
MMA. (2016). Second biennial update report of Chile to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. http://portal.mma.
gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2014_RE_IBA_Chile_Espanol.pdf.
Environmental Poch. (2009). Strategy and technology transfer potential for climate change. Study for CORFO, Santiago, Chile.
UNEP Risoe. (2013). Understanding the Concept of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action. Denmark: UNEP Risø Center.
UNFCCC. (September 2014). United Nation Convention on Climate Change: Climate Finance . Obtained from http://unfccc.int/coopera-
tion_and_support/financial_mechanism/items/2807.php
UNFCCC. (September 2014). United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change. Obtained from Glossary of Climate Change acro-
nyms: http://unfccc.int/essential_background/glossary/items/3666.php
UNFCCC. (September 2014). United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change. Obtained from Capacity Building: Background:
ECLAC. (2012). The Economics of Climate Change in Chile Santiago: United Nations.

UNFCCC. (2012). Report of the Conference of the Parties on its seventeenth session, held in Durban from 28 November to 11 December
2011. Conference of the Parties, (p. 93). Durban.
Deuman, I. (2003). Technology transfer for climate change. Final Report.
EUROCLIMA. (2014). EUROCLIMA. Obtained from EUROCLIMA: A PROGRAM FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION: http://www.euroclima.org/
es/euroclima/que-es-euroclima
GEF. (2013). Global Environment Facility. Obtained from Technology Transfer for Climate Change: http://www.thegef.org/gef/Technolo-
gy_Transfer
The Government of Chile. (2015). National Contribution attempt to Chile for the Paris 2015 climate agreement, http://www4.unfccc.int/
Submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Chile/1/Chile%20INDC%20FINAL.pdf.
International Partnership on mitigation and MRV. (2014). International Partnership on mitigation and MRV. Obtained from About the Partner-
ship: http://mitigationpartnership.net/about-partnership
IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and vulnerability. Part B: regional aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the
Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-PartB_FINAL.pdf.
IPCC. (2014). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Obtained from Working Group III: Mitigation : Technology Transfer: http://www.
LARIOCC. (2012). Latin American Network of Climate Change Offices. Obtained from who we are: http://www.lariocc.es/es/quienes-so-
mos/
LEDS GP. (2012). Global Partnership LEDS. Obtained from About the Partnership: http://ledsgp.org/about
Mitigation Momentum. (2013). The Mitigation Momentum Project. Obtained from Project: http://www.mitigationmomentum.org/project.html
MMA. (2014). The National Plan for Climate Change Adaptation http://portal.mma.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Plan-Nacion-
MMA. (2014). The National Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change. http://portal.mma.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Plan-Nacion-
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cl/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2014_RE_IBA_Chile_Espanol.pdf.
POCH, A. (2009). Strategy and technology transfer potential for climate change. Study for CORFO, Santiago, Chile.
UNEP Risoe. (2013). Understanding the Concept of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action. Denmark: UNEP Risø Center.
UNFCCC. (September 2014). United Nation Convention on Climate Change: Climate Finance . Obtained from http://unfccc.int/coopera-
tion_and_support/financial_mechanism/items/2807.php
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nyms: http://unfccc.int/essential_background/glossary/items/3666.php
UNFCCC. (September 2014). United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change. Obtained from Capacity Building: Background:

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AFOLU : Agriculture, forestry and other land uses

IEA : International Energy Agency
ASPROCER A.G. : Association of Pig Producers in Chile
BNE : National Energy Balance
C : Confidential Information
CH4 : Methane
UNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention on climate change
CN : National Communications
CO : Carbon Monoxide
CO2 : Carbon dioxide
CO2 eq : Carbon dioxide equivalent
COCHILCO : Chilean Copper Commission
CONAF : National Forestry Corporation
NMVOC : Non-methane volatile organic compounds
CS : Country specific
D : By default
DA : Activity data
FAO : United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
FE : Emission Factor
FOLU : Forestry and other land uses
GHG : Greenhouse Gas
Gg : Gigagrams (109 grams)
GIZ : Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Society for International Cooperation)
LPG : Liquefied petroleum gas
GWh : Gigawatt hour
HFC : Hydrofluorocarbons
BUR : Biennial Update Report
IE : Included elsewhere
IIN : National Inventory Greenhouse Gases Report
INE : National Institute of Statistics
INFOR : Forestry Institute
NGHGI : National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (INGEI)
INGEI2016 : National greenhouse gas inventory of Chile series 1990-2013. Presented by the country to the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in its Second Biennial Update Report
(MMA, 2016)
INGEI2018 : National greenhouse gas inventory of Chile series 1990-2016. Presented by the country to the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in its Third Biennial Update Report
(MMA, 2018)
INIA : Institute of Agricultural Research
IPCC : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPPU : Industrial Processes and Use of Products

SGHGI : Sectorial Inventory of Greenhouse Gases
LECB : Low Emission Capacity Building (capacity building program for the development of low-carbon
emissions for Chile)
kt : Kilo tons
MINAGRI : Ministry of Agriculture
MINENERGIA : Ministry of Energy
MMA : Ministry of Environment
MW : Magnitude Moment
N2O : Nitrous Oxide
NA : Does not apply
NDC : Nationally Determined Contribution (determined at a national level)
NE : Not estimated
NO : It does not occur
NOX : Nitrogen oxides
ODEPA : Agricultural Studies and Policies Office
GWP : Global Warming Potential
PFC : Perfluorocarbons
PMC : Continuous Improvement Plan
UNDP : The United Nations Development Programs
RCA : Environmental Qualification Resolution
REDINGEI : Latin American Network of GHG Inventories.
RSM : Municipal Solid Waste
SAO : Substances Depleting the Ozone Layer
SAR : IPCC Second Assessment Report
SDRS : Sites of Solid Waste Disposal
SERNAGEOMIN : National Service of Geology and Mining
SF6 : Sulfur hexafluoride
SGCC Quality Assurance and Quality Control System
SISS : Superintendence of Sanitary Services
SNICHILE : National GHG Inventory System of Chile
SO2 : Sulfur dioxide
SRT : Tabular Registration System
T1 : Tier 1 method
T2 : Tier 2 method
T3 : Tier 3method
TJ : Terajoules
USGS : United States Geological Survey
LULUCF : Land use, Land-use change and forestry

Salar de Surire, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile
ANNEXES

ANNEX 1. METHODS APPLIED IN CHILE’S
NGHGI 1990-2016 SERIES
Table A. 1. Methods applied in Chile’s NGHGI, 1990-2016 series
Categories of source CO2 CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6

and sink of greenhouse Method Emission Method Emission Method Emission Method Emission Method Emission Method Emission
gases t Applied Factor Applied Factor Applied Factor Applied Factor Applied Factor Applied Factor
T1, IE, D, IE, T1, T2, D, IE, T1, T2,

D, IE,
1. Energy NA, NE, NA, NE, IE, NA, NA, NE, IE, NA,
NA, NE
NO NO NE, NO NO NE
1.A. Fuel combustion

T1, IE, D, IE, T1, T2, D, IE, T1, T2, D, IE,
activities(Sectorial
NE NE IE, NE NE IE, NE NE
approach)
1.A.1. Energy
T1, IE D, IE T1, IE D, IE T1, IE D, IE
industries
1.A.2. Manufacturing
industries and T1, IE D, IE T1, IE D, IE T1, IE D, IE
construction
T1, IE, D, IE, T1, T2, T1, T2,
1.A.3. Transport D, IE D, IE
NE NE IE IE
1.A.4. Other sectors T1, IE D, IE T1, IE D, IE T1, IE D, IE
1.A.5. Non-specified IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE
1.B. Fugitive emissions T1, NA, D, NA, T1, NA, D, NA, NA,
NA, NE
from fuels NE NE NE, NO NE, NO NE
T1, NA, D, NA,
1.B.1. Solid fuels NA, NE NA, NE NA NA
NE, NO NE, NO
1.B.2. Oil and natural NA,
T1, NE, D, NE, T1, NE D, NE NA, NE
gas. NE
1.B.3. Other
emissions from energy NO NO NO NO NO NO
production
1.C. Transportation
NO NO
and storage of CO2
1.C.1. Transportation
NO NO
of CO2
1.C.2. Injection and
NO NO
storage
1.C.3. Other NO NO
T1, T2, D, NA, NA,
2. Industrial Processes D, NA, T1, IE, D, IE, T2, NA, D, NA, T1, NA, NA, T1, NA, D, NA,
NA, NE, NE, NE,
and product use NE, NO NA, NO NA, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NO NO
NO NO NO
T2, NE, D, NE,
2.A. Mineral industry
NO NO
T1 ,
2.B. Chemical industry D, NO T1 , NO D, NO T2, NO D, NO NO NO
NO
T1, T2, D, CS,
2.C. Metal industry IE, NO IE, NO NO NO NO NO
NO NO

2.D. Non-energy
products from fuels T1 D
and solvent use
2.E. Electronics
NO NO NO NO NO NO
Industry
2.F. Use of products as
substitutes for ozone T1 D NE NE
depleting substance
2.G. Other product NA, NA, NA, T1, NA, D, NA,
NA, NE
manufacture and use NE NO NO NO NO
2.H. Other
T1, T2, CS,D, T1, T2, CS, D,
T1, NO, D, NO,
3. Agriculture NE, NO, NE , NO, NE, NO, NE, NO,
NA NA
NA NA NA NA
3.A. Enteric T1, T2, CS, D,
fermentation NO NO
3.B. Manure T1, T2, CS, D, T1, T2, CS, D,
management NO NO NO NO
D, NE,
3.C. Rice cultivation T1
NO
T1, T2, D, CS,
3.D. Agricultural soils
NE NE
3.E. Prescribed
NO NO
burning of savannas
3.F. Field burning of
T1 D T1 D
agricultural residues
3.G. Liming T1 D
3.H. Urea application T1 D
3.I. Other carbon-
NO NO
containing fertilizers
3.J. Other NA NA NA NA NA NA
4. Land use, land-use T1, T2, D, CS,
T1, T2 D, CS T1, T2 D, CS
change and forestry NE, NO NE, NO
T1, T2, D, CS,
4.A. Forest land T1, T2 D, CS T1, T2 D, CS
NE, NO NE, NO
T1, T2, D, CS,
4.B. Cropland T1 D T1 D
NO NO
T1, T2, D, CS,
4.C. Grassland T1, T2 D, CS T1, T2 D, CS
NO NO
T1, T2, D, CS,
4.D. Wetland NO, NO,
NE NE
T1, T2, D, CS,
4.E. Settlements
NE NE
T1, T2, D, CS,
4.F. Other Land T1, T2 D, CS T1, T2 D, CS
NE, NO NE, NO
4.G. Collected wood
NE NE
products
4.H. Other (please
specify)

5. Waste T1, NE D, NE T1, NE D, NE T1, NE D, NE

5.A. Solid waste
T1 D
disposal
5.B. Biological
treatment of solid T1 D T1 D
waste
5.C. Incineration and
T1, NE D, NE T1, NE D, NE T1, NE D, NE
open burning of waste
5.D. Wastewater
treatment and T1 D T1 D
discharge
5.E. Other
Anx. Memo items T1, IE D, IE T1, IE D, IE T1, IE D, IE

Anx.1. International
T1 D T1 D T1 D
bunker
Anx.1.a. International
T1 D T1 D T1 D
aviation
Anx.1.b. International
T1 D T1 D T1 D
navigation
Anx.2. Multilateral
IE IE IE IE IE IE
operations
Anx.3. CO2 emissions
T1 D
from biomass
T1 = Level 1; T2 = Level 2; T3 = Level 3; C = Confidential Information; CS = specific country; D = By default; IE = Included elsewhere;
NA = Not applicable; NE = Not estimated; NO = Does Not Occur

ANNEX 2. COMPLETENESS SUPPLEMENT
The non-estimated (NE) categories in Chile’s NGHGI, series 1990-2016, due to lack of activity data are the following:
·· 1.A.3.b.vi. Urea-based catalysts (CO2)

·· 1.A.5.a. Non specified stationary (CO2, CH4 and N2O)
·· 1.B.1.a.i.3. Abandoned underground mines (CH4)
·· 1.B.1.b. Uncontrolled combustion and burning coal dumps (CO2)
·· 1.B.2.a.ii. Flaring (CO2, CH4 and N2O)
·· 1.B.2.a.iii.1. Exploration (CO2, CH4)
·· 1.B.2.a.iii.3. Transport (CO2)
·· 1.B.2.a.iii.4. Refining (CO2)
·· 1.B.2.a.iii.5. Distribution of Oil Products (CO2, CH4)
·· 1.B.2.a.iii.6. Other (CO2, CH4)
·· 1.B.2.b.ii. Flaring (CO2, CH4 and N2O)
·· 1.B.2.b.iii.1. Exploration (CO2, CH4)
·· 1.B.2.b.iii.4. Transmission and storage (CO2)
·· 1.B.2.b.iii.6. Other (CO2, CH4)
·· 2.A.4.a. Ceramics (CO2)
·· 2.A.4.b. Other uses of Soda Ash (CO2)
·· 2.A.4.c. Non Metallurgical Magnesia Production (CO2)
·· 2.A.4.d. Other (specify) (CO2)
·· 2.F.3. Fire Protection (PFC)
·· 2.F.5. Solvents (PFC)
·· 2.F.6. Other applications (PFC)
·· 2.G.3.a. Medical applications (N2O)
·· 2.G.3.b. Propellant for Pressure and Aerosol Products (N2O)
·· 3.C.2. Rain-fed (CH4)
·· 3.C.3. Deep Water (CH4)
·· 3.D.1.b.ii. Sludge applied to the soil (N2O)
·· 3.D.1.b.iii. Other organic fertilizers applied to the soil (N2O)
·· 3.D.2.a.ii.2. Sewage sludge applied to soils (N2O)
·· 3.D.2.a.ii.3. Other organic fertilizers applied to the soil (N2O)
·· 4.A.1.b.iii.2. Other (CO2)
·· 4.D.1. Wetlands remaining wetlands (CO2)
·· 4.E.1. Settlements remaining settlements (CO2)
·· 4.F.1. Other land remaining other land (CO2)
·· 4.G. Harvested wood products (CO2)
·· 5.C.2. Open burning of waste (CO2, CH4 and N2O)
The non-estimated (NE) categories in Chile’s NGHGI, series 1990-2016, due to lack of a relevant methodology, are:
·· 1.B.3. Other emissions from energy production (CO2, CH4 and N2O)
The categories included elsewhere (IE) in the Chile’s NGHGI, series 1990-2016, due to lack in data disaggregation and the
category in which they were included appear in the following table:

Table A. 2. Categories included elsewhere (IE) and the corresponding category including them
Category included elsewhere (IE) Corresponding Category

1.A.1.a.ii. Combined heat and power generation (CHP) 1.A.2. Manufacturing industries and construction
(CO2, CH4 and N2O)
1.A.1.a.iii. Heat Plants 1.A.2. Manufacturing industries and construction

(CO2, CH4 and N2O)
1.A.2.b. Non-ferrous metals 1.A.2.i. Mining (excluding fuels) and quarrying
(CO2, CH4 and N2O)
1.A.2.g. Transport equipment 1.A.2.m. Non-specified industry

(CO2, CH4 and N2O)
1.A.2.h. Machinery 1.A.2.m. Non-specified industry

(CO2, CH4 and N2O)
1.A.2.j. Wood and Wood Products 1.A.2.m. Non-specified industry

(CO2, CH4 and N2O)
1.A.2.k. Construction 1.A.2.m. Non-specified industry

(CO2, CH4 and N2O)
1.A.2.l. Textiles and leather 1.A.2.m. Non-specified industry

(CO2, CH4 and N2O)
1.A.3.E.i. Pipeline transport 1.A.4.a. Commercial / Institutional, 1.A.3.b. Road Transporta-

(CO2, CH4 and N2O) tion
1.A.4.c.i. Stationary 1.A.4.c.iii. Fishing (mobile combustion), 1.A.2.m. Non-speci-

(CO2, CH4 and N2O) fied industry
1.A.5.b. Mobile 1.A.4.a. Commercial / Institutional

(CO2, CH4 and N2O)
1.A.5.c. Multilateral Operations 1.A.4.a. Commercial / Institutional

(CO2, CH4 and N2O)
2.C.1. Iron and Steel Production 1.A.2.a. Iron and Steel

(CH4)

ANNEX 3. GHG EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS OF
CHILE IN THE FORMAT PARTY NOT INCLUDED
IN ANNEX I TO THE CONVENTION
Table A. 3. Chile’s NGHGI: anthropogenic emissions by sources and anthropogenic removals by sinks of all GHGs not controlled
by the Montreal Protocol and GHGs precursors, Year 1990
Categories of source and sink of greenhouse gases CO2 emissions (kt) CO2 removals (kt)
Total national emissions and removals 84,837.1 -101,624.7
1. Energy 30,405.6 0.0
A. Fuel combustion activities (sectorial approach) 30,403.0
1. Energy industries 5,822.2
2. Manufacturing industries and construction 12,139.4
3. Transport 9,036.9
4. Other sectors 3,404.6
5. Other (non-specified) IE, NE
B. Fugitive emissions from fuels 2.6
1. Solid fuels
2. Oil and natural gas 2.6
2. Industrial Processes 2,808.9 0.0
A. Mineral products 780.3
B. Chemical industry 603.3
C. Metal industry 1,425.3
D. Other production Do not
E. Production of halocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride
F. Consumption of halocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride
G. Other Do not
3. Solvent and other products use 75.1
4. Agriculture
A. Enteric fermentation
B. Manure management
C. Rice cultivation
D. Agricultural soils
E. Prescribed burning of savannas
F. Field burning of agricultural waste
G. Other
5. Land use, land-use change and forestry 51,547.4 -101.624.7
A. Forest land 43,343.8 -101.607.2
B. Cropland 834.4 0.0
C. Grassland 6,638.1 -17,5
D. Wetlands 116.7 NA
E. Settlements 272.0 NA
F. Other Land 342.4 NA
G. Other NA NA
6. Waste 0.0
A. Solid waste disposal
B. Wastewater treatment and discharge
C. Incineration of waste 0.0
D. Other
7. Other NA NA
Memo items
International Bunker 923.9
International Aviation 334.6
International Navigation 589.3
CO2 emissions from biomass 12,001.1
IE = Included elsewhere; NA = Not applicable; NE = Not estimated; NO = Does Not Occur
Source: CoordinatingTechnical Team of the MMA

CH4 (kt) N2O (kt) NOx (kt) CO (kt) NMVOC (kt) SO2 (kt)
521.0 19.0 133.4 882.7 169.1 255.2
118.1 1.1 123.0 608.5 99.3 255.2
28.0 1.1 120.1 578.7 86.9 255.2
0.1 0.1 30.3 12.9 0.2 114.5
1.8 0.3 13.2 68.4 4.6 98.1
2.5 0.4 60.9 132.0 19.6 9.5
23.6 0.3 15.8 365.4 62.6 33.1
IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE
90.1 2.9 29.9 12.4 NA, NE
22.9 NA NA 9.3 NA
67.2 2.9 29.9 3.2 NA, NE
2.2 1.0 1.1 NO, NE, NA 0.0 NO, NE, NA
NE NE NE NE
2.168 1.0 1.1 NE 0.0 NE
0.0 NA, not NE, NOT NE, NOT NE, NOT NE, NOT
Do not Do not Do not Do not
Do not Do not NA NA NA NA
NE 0.1
284.0 16.0 5.9 155.0 63.6
219.5
53.4 0.6 6.5
6.6 IE NE
NE 15.3 1.7 57.1
NO NA NA NA NA
4.5 0.1 4.2 155.0 NA
NA NA NA NA NA
5.2 0.3 3.4 119.1 NA NA
5.2 0.3 3.3 117.4 NA NA
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 NA NA
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.3 NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA NA
NO NO NO NO NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA NA
111.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0
91.5 6.0
0.4 0.0 NE
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
19.6 0.6 0.0
NA NA NA NA NA NA
0.1 0.0 15.2 1.6 0.6 17.1

0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.6
0.1 0.0 14.5 1.4 0.5 16.5

Table A. 4. Chile’s NGHGI: anthropogenic emissions of HFC, PFC and SF6, year 1990
Categories of source and sink of greenhouse gases

HFC-23 HFC-32 HFC-125 HFC-134a
Total national emissions and removals NO NO NO NO
1. Energy
A. Fuel combustion activities (sectorial approach)
1. Energy industries
2. Manufacturing industries and construction
3. Transport
4. Other sectors
5. Other (non-specified)
B. Fugitive emissions from fuels
1. Solid fuels
2. Oil and natural gas
2. Industrial Processes NO NO NO NO
A. Mineral products
B. Chemical industry NO NO NO NO
C. Metal industry
D. Other production
E. Production of halocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride NO NO NO NO
F. Consumption of halocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride NO NO NO NO
G. Other
3. Solvent and other products use
4. Agriculture
C. Rice cultivation
G. Other
5. Land use, land-use change and forestry
A. Forest land
B. Cropland
C. Grassland
D. Wetlands
E. Settlements
F. Other Land
G. Other
6. Waste
C. Incineration of waste
D. Other
7. Other NA NA NA NA

Memo items
International bunker
International aviation
International navigation
CO2 emissions from biomass

HFCs (kt) PFC (kt) SF6 (kt)
HFC-143a HFC-152a HFC-227ea HFC-236fa HFC-245fa HFC-365mfc HFC-43-10mee CF4
NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NA, NO 0.003


NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
NO NO
NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
NA, NO 0.003

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA


Table A. 5. Chile’s NGHGI: anthropogenic emissions by sources and anthropogenic removals by sinks of all GHGs not controlled
by the Montreal Protocol and GHGs precursors, Year 1994
Categories of source and sink of greenhouse gases CO2 emissions (kt) CO2 removals (kt)
Total national emissions and removals 110,111.4 -117.733.8
1. Energy 34,632.1 0.0
A. Fuel combustion activities (sectorial approach) 34,630.2
1. Energy industries 4,577.4
2. Manufacturing industries and construction 13,191.5
3. Transport 12,298.9
4. Other sectors 4,562.4
5. Other (non-specified) IE, NE
B. Fugitive emissions from fuels 1.9
1. Solid fuels
2. Oil and natural gas 1.9
2. Industrial Processes 3,767.5 0.0
A. Mineral products 1,319.0
B. Chemical industry 611.4
C. Metal industry 1,837.1
D. Other production NO
G. Other NO
4. Agriculture
C. Rice cultivation
G. Other
5. Land use, land-use change and forestry 71,625.7 -117.733.8
A. Forest land 63,048.9 -117.646.5
B. Cropland 1,129.4 0.0
C. Grassland 6,638.1 -87,3
D. Wetlands 116.7 NA
E. Settlements 306.4 NA
F. Other Land 386.1 NA
G. Other NA NA
6. Waste 0.0
C. Incineration of waste 0.0
D. Other
7. Other NA NA
Memo items
International bunker 1,715.4
International aviation 655.6
International navigation 1,059.8

CH4 (kt) N2O (kt) NOx (kt) CO (kt) NMVOC (kt) SO2 (kt)
547.87 21.3 111.8 867.4 194.1 320.2
97.520 1.3 97.8 482.1 114.8 320.2
34.06 1.3 97.1 480.0 109.9 320.2
0.08 0.0 9.7 4.2 0.1 41.8
1.89 0.3 38.7 74.6 16.8 177.3
3.44 0.6 36.7 71.7 41.2 66.5
28.65 0.4 12.0 329.5 51.7 34.5
IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE
63.46 0.8 2.1 4.9 NA, NE
9.55 NA NA 1.4 NA
53.92 0.8 2.1 3.5 NA, NE
2.190 1.0 1.1 NO, NE, NA 0.0 NO, NE, NA
NE NE NE NE
2.18 1.0 1.1 NE 0.0 NE
0.01 NA, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO
NO NO NO NO
NO NO NA NA NA NA
NE 0.1
314.77 17.6 5.2 117.0 72.7
242.21
63.00 0.7 4.4
6.12 IE NE
NE 16.8 2.1 68.3
NO NA NA NA NA
3.43 0.1 3.2 117.0 NA
NA NA NA NA NA
11.75 0.7 7.6 268.3 NA NA
11.60 0.6 7.4 264.1 NA NA
0.01 0.0 0.0 0.4 NA NA
0.13 0.0 0.2 3.8 NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA NA
NO NO NO NO NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA NA
121.64 0.7 0.0 0.0 6.5 0.0
101.08 6.5
0.36 0.0 NE
0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
20.20 0.7 0.0
NA NA NA NA NA NA
0.1 0.0 2.8 28.1 1.1 38.3

0.0 0.0 0.4 2.1 0.2 3.9
0.1 0.0 2.4 26.0 0.9 34.4

Table A. 6. Chile’s NGHGI: anthropogenic emissions of HFCS, pfcs and SF6, year 1994

Total national emissions and removals NO NO NO NO
1. Energy
3. Transport
4. Other sectors
1. Solid fuels
2. Industrial Processes NO NO NO NO
A. Mineral products
C. Metal industry
D. Other production
F. Consumption of halocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride NO NO NO NO
G. Other
4. Agriculture
C. Rice cultivation
G. Other
A. Forest land
B. Cropland
C. Grassland
D. Wetlands
E. Settlements
F. Other Land
G. Other
6. Waste
D. Other

Memo items

HFCs (kt) PFC (kt) SF6 (kt)


NO NO
NA, NO 0.003



Table A. 7. Chile’s NGHGI: anthropogenic emissions by sources and anthropogenic removals by sinks of all GHGs not con-
trolled by the Montreal Protocol and GHGs precursors, Year 2000
Categories of source and sink of greenhouse gases CO2 emissions (kt) CO2 removal (kt) CH4 (kt)
Total national emissions and removals 128,103.7 -135.759.5 587.3
1. Energy 49,367.0 0.0 102.3
A. Fuel combustion activities (sectorial approach) 49,365.3 40.7
1. Energy industries 14,855.1 0.2
2. Manufacturing industries and construction 12,856.2 2.3
3. Transport 16,946.8 4.3
4. Other sectors 4,707.2 33.9
5. Other (non-specified) IE, NE IE, NE
B. Fugitive emissions from fuels 1.7 61.6
1. Solid fuels 3.5
2. Oil and natural gas 1.7 58.1
2. Industrial Processes 5,268.5 0.0 6.8
B. Chemical industry 1,961.0 6.8
C. Metal industry 1,995.4 IE, NO
G. Other NO NO
4. Agriculture 332.4
A. Enteric fermentation 249.8
B. Manure management 74.8
C. Rice cultivation 5.2
D. Agricultural soils NE
E. Prescribed burning of savannas NO
F. Field burning of agricultural waste 2.6
G. Other NA
5. Land use, land-use change and forestry 73,353.3 -135.759.5 2.3
A. Forest land 64,147.3 -135.567.6 2.3
B. Cropland 1,641.4 0.0 0.0
C. Grassland 6,638.1 -192,0 0.0
D. Wetlands 116.7 NA NA
E. Settlements 358.0 NA NA
F. Other Land 451.7 NA NO
G. Other NA NA NA
6. Waste 0.1 143.4
A. Solid waste disposal 122.9
B. Wastewater treatment and discharge 0.4
C. Incineration of waste 0.1 0.0
D. Other 20.1
7. Other NA NA NA
Memo items
International bunker 3,082.1 0.2
International aviation 1,046.4 0.0
International navigation 2,035.6 0.2
C = Confidential Information; CS = specific country; D = by Default; IE = Included elsewhere; NA = Not applicable; NE = Not estimated;
NO = Does Not Occur

N2O (kt) NOx (kt) CO (kt) NMVOC (kt) SO2 (kt)
22.5 164.4 930.9 263.6 338.4
2.0 156.4 789.3 179.9 338.4
2.0 153.0 757.3 174.3 338.4
0.2 36.6 17.3 0.4 68.3
0.3 46.6 65.8 22.2 142.6
1.0 56.7 225.2 84.7 93.0
0.5 13.0 449.0 67.1 34.5
IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE IE, NE
3.5 32.0 5.6 NA, NE
NA NA 0.5 NA
3.5 32.0 5.1 NA, NE
1.7 1.9 NO, NE, NA 0.0 NO, NE, NA
NE NE NE NE
1.7 1.9 NE 0.0 NE
NA, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO
NO NO NO NO
NO NA NA NA NA
NE 0.1
17.9 4.6 88.6 76.4
0.8 5.1
IE NE
17.0 2.2 71.3
NA NA NA NA
0.1 2.4 88.6 NA
NA NA NA NA
0.1 1.5 53.0 NA NA
0.1 1.5 51.8 NA NA
0.0 0.0 0.3 NA NA
0.0 0.1 1.0 NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
NO NO NO NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
0.8 0.0 0.0 7.1 0.0
7.1
0.0 NE
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.8 0.0
NA NA NA NA NA
0.1 5.3 53.3 2.0 69.5

0.0 0.7 3.4 0.3 4.4
0.1 4.7 49.9 1.7 65.1

Table A. 8. Chile’s NGHGI: anthropogenic emissions of HFCS, PFC and SF6, year 2000

Total national emissions and removals 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.037

1. Energy
3. Transport
4. Other sectors
1. Solid fuels
2. Industrial Processes 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.037
A. Mineral products
C. Metal industry
D. Other production
F. Consumption of halocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.037
G. Other
4. Agriculture
C. Rice cultivation
G. Other
A. Forest land
B. Cropland
C. Grassland
D. Wetlands
E. Settlements
F. Other Land
G. Other
6. Waste
D. Other

Memo items
NO = Does Not Occur

HFC (kt) PFC (kt) SF6 (kt)
HFC-43-
HFC-143a HFC-152a HFC-227ea HFC-236fa HFC-245fa HFC-365mfc CF4
10mee
0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 NO, NE, NA 0.004

0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 NA, NO, NE 0.004

NO NO
0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 NE
NA, NO 0.004



Table A. 9. Chile’s NGHGI: anthropogenic emissions by sources and anthropogenic removals by sinks of all GHGs not
controlled by the Montreal Protocol and the precursors of GHGs, Year 2010
Categories of source and sink of greenhouse gases CO2 emissions (kt) CO2 removals (kt) CH4 (kt)
Total national emissions and removals 154,450.1 -156.530.5 542.5
1. Energy 65,978.1 0.0 76.5
3. Transport 20,394.2 4.5
1. Solid fuels 1.9
B. Chemical industry 645.1 2.3
G. Other NO NO
G. Other NA
5. Land use, land-use change and forestry 84,783.1 -156.530.5 6.9
A. Forest land 79,817.6 -156.259.5 6.8
B. Cropland 2,128.2 0.0 0.0
C. Grassland 1,874.8 -271,0 0.1
G. Other NA NA NA
6. Waste 0.3 167.0
D. Other 39.6
7. Other NA NA NA
Memo items
NO = Does Not Occur


24.2 209.8 861.7 312.9 364.0
2.5 195.3 654.1 180.8 364.0
2.5 192.5 628.4 176.2 364.0
0.3 62.6 29.0 0.5 104.9
0.4 66.1 67.5 27.8 119.6
1.5 47.6 263.2 107.6 96.2
0.3 16.2 268.6 40.2 43.3
2.8 25.7 4.7 NA, NE
NA NA 0.4 NA
2.8 25.7 4.3 NA, NE
1.7 5.1 NO, NE, NA 0.0 NO, NE, NA
NE NE NE NE
1.7 5.1 NE 0.0 NE
NO NO NO NO
NO NA NA NA NA
NE 0.1
18.5 4.9 50.3 122.6
0.9 5.2
IE NE
17.6 3.6 117.4
NA NA NA NA
0.0 1.4 50.3 NA
NA NA NA NA
0.4 4.5 157.4 NA NA
0.4 4.3 154.3 NA NA
0.0 0.0 0.3 NA NA
0.0 0.2 2.8 NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
NO NO NO NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
1.1 0.0 0.0 9.3 0.0
9.3
0.1 NE
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 0.1
NA NA NA NA NA
0.1 6.1 60.7 2.3 78.3

0.0 0.8 4.4 0.3 5.9
0.1 5.3 56.3 1.9 72.4


HFC-23 HFC-32 HFC-125 HFC-134a HFC-143a
Total national emissions and removals 0.000 0.020 0.076 0.292 0.064
1. Energy
3. Transport
4. Other sectors
1. Solid fuels
2. Industrial Processes 0.000 0.020 0.076 0.292 0.064
A. Mineral products
B. Chemical industry NO NO NO NO NO
C. Metal industry
D. Other production
E. Production of halocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride NO NO NO NO NO
F. Consumption of halocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride 0.000 0.020 0.076 0.292 0.064
G. Other
4. Agriculture
C. Rice cultivation
G. Other
A. Forest land
B. Cropland
C. Grassland
D. Wetlands
E. Settlements
F. Other Land
G. Other
6. Waste
D. Other
7. Other NA NA NA NA NA

Memo items
NO = Does Not Occur

HFC-152a HFC-227ea HFC-236fa HFC-245fa HFC-365mfc HFC-43-10mee CF4
0.003 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 NO, NE, NA 0.011

0.003 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 NA, NO, NE 0.011

NO NO NO NO NO NO
NO NO
0.003 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 NE
NA, NO 0.011

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA


Total national emissions and removals 170,502.8 -161,446.5 570.6
1. Energy 77,018.3 0.0 77.2
3. Transport 24,234.6 4.8
1. Solid fuels 4.4
G. Other NO NO
G. Other NA
5. Land use, land-use change and forestry 90,004.5 -161,446.5 1.5
A. Forest land 85,066.2 -161,204.2 1.5
B. Cropland 2,113.3 0.0 0.0
C. Grassland 1,874.8 -242.3 0.0
G. Other NA NA NA
6. Waste 0.3 199.1
D. Other 44.5
7. Other NA NA NA

Memo items
NO = Does Not Occur

23.5 264.7 870.4 349.1 358.7
3.5 253.9 786.4 254.9 358.7
3.5 252.0 772.1 248.9 358.7
0.5 89.0 43.6 0.8 122.9
1.0 87.8 154.8 74.0 96.2
1.7 60.7 292.8 132.1 110.3
0.3 14.4 280.9 42.0 29.3
2.0 14.3 6.1 NA, NE
NA NA 1.3 NA
2.0 14.3 4.7 NA, NE
1.8 6.1 NO, NE, NA 0.0 NO, NE, NA
NE NE NE NE
1.8 6.1 NE 0.0 NE
NO NO NO NO

NO NA NA NA NA
NE 0.1
16.9 3.7 48.9 83.6

0.9 5.5
IE NE
15.9 2.4 78.1
NA NA NA NA
0.0 1.3 48.9 NA
NA NA NA NA
0.1 1.0 35.1 NA NA
0.1 0.9 33.9 NA NA
0.0 0.0 0.2 NA NA
0.0 0.1 1.1 NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
NO NO NO NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
1.1 0.0 0.0 10.4 0.0
10.4
0.1 NE
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
NA NA NA NA NA

0.1 3.7 34.5 1.4 31.3
0.0 0.9 4.5 0.3 6.1
0.0 2.8 30.0 1.0 25.2


Table A. 12. Chile’s NGHGI: anthropogenic emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6, year 2013

Total national emissions and removals 0.000 0.057 0.172 0.442
1. Energy
3. Transport
4. Other sectors
1. Solid fuels
2. Industrial Processes 0.000 0.057 0.172 0.442
A. Mineral products
C. Metal industry
D. Other production
F. Consumption of halocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride 0.000 0.057 0.172 0.442
G. Other
4. Agriculture
C. Rice cultivation
G. Other
A. Forest land
B. Cropland
C. Grassland
D. Wetlands
E. Settlements
F. Other Land
G. Other
6. Waste
D. Other

Memo items
NO = Does Not Occur

0.125 0.002 0.009 0.000 0.001 0.007 0.000 NO, NE, NA 0.010

0.125 0.002 0.009 0.000 0.001 0.007 0.000 NA, NO, NE 0.010

NO NO
0.125 0.002 0.009 0.000 0.001 0.007 0.000 NE
NA, NO 0.010



Total national emissions and removals 183,728.1 -161,541.7 562.6
1. Energy 84,121.0 0.0 75.5
3. Transport 26,231.2 5.3
1. Solid fuels 3.7
G. Other NO NO
D. Agricultural soils NA
G. Other NA
5. Land use, land-use change and forestry 96,284.1 -161,541.7 5.1
A. Forest land 91,476.1 -161,328.1 4.9
B. Cropland 1,995.2 0.0 0.0
C. Grassland 1,874.8 -213.6 0.1
G. Other NA NA NA
6. Waste 0.5 217.5
D. Other 44.0
7. Other NA NA NA

Memo items
International navigation 769.4 0.1
NO = Does Not Occur


22.8 300.8 963.4 364.0 357.4
3.8 288.0 811.0 254.0 357.4
3.8 285.9 794.2 248.6 357.4
0.6 104.8 52.5 0.9 119.9
0.9 98.0 143.1 66.6 88.7
1.9 64.8 313.3 138.2 114.0
0.3 18.4 285.2 43.0 34.8
2.1 16.9 5.4 NA, NE
NA NA 1.1 NA
2.1 16.9 4.3 NA, NE
1.5 5.6 NO, NE, NA 0.0 NO, NE, NA
NE NE NE NE
1.5 5.6 NE 0.0 NE
NO NO NO NO

NA, NE NA NA NA NA
NE 0.1
16.0 3.8 36.3 98.8

0.9 5.3
IE NE
15.0 2.8 93.6
NA NA NA NA
0.0 1.0 36.3 NA
NA NA NA NA
0.3 3.3 116.1 NA NA
0.3 3.2 112.7 NA NA
0.0 0.0 1.1 NA NA
0.0 0.1 2.3 NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
NO NO NO NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
1.2 0.0 0.0 11.0 0.0
10.9
0.1 NE
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.1 0.1
NA NA NA NA NA

0.1 2.7 23.7 1.0 21.9
0.0 0.9 4.8 0.4 6.4
0.0 1.8 18.9 0.7 15.5



HFC-23 HFC-32 HFC-125 HFC-134a HFC-143a
Total national emissions and removals 0.000 0.078 0.286 0.569 0.209
1. Energy
3. Transport
4. Other sectors
1. Solid fuels
2. Industrial Processes 0.000 0.078 0.286 0.569 0.209
A. Mineral products
B. Chemical industry NO NO NO NO NO
C. Metal industry
D. Other production
E. Production of halocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride NO NO NO NO NO
F. Consumption of halocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride 0.000 0.078 0.286 0.569 0.209
G. Other
4. Agriculture
C. Rice cultivation
G. Other
A. Forest land
B. Cropland
C. Grassland
D. Wetlands
E. Settlements
F. Other Land
G. Other
6. Waste
D. Other
7. Other NA NA NA NA NA

Memo items
NO = Does Not Occur

HFC-152a HFC-227ea HFC-236fa HFC-245fa HFC-365mfc HFC-43-10mee CF4
0.004 0.017 0.000 0.001 0.015 0.000 NO, NE, NA 0.012

0.004 0.017 0.000 0.001 0.015 0.000 NA, NO, NE 0.012

NO NO NO NO NO NO
NO NO
0.004 0.017 0.000 0.001 0.015 0.000 NE
NA, NO 0.012

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA


ANNEX 4. GHG EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
FROM CHILE, 1990-2016 SERIES
Table A. 15. GHG emissions and removals (kt CO2 eq), series 1990-2003
IPCC Code Categories of source and sink of greenhouse gases 1990 1991 1992 1993
All national emissions and removals 1,955.0 4,435.7 3,257.3 6,154.4
1. Energy 33,679.7 31,861.9 32,751.2 34,974.1
1.1A. Fuel combustion activities (reference approach) 30,051.9 28,635.7 29,723.1 31,636.9
1.A. Fuel combustion activities (sectorial approach) 31,425.0 29,970.9 31,024.3 33,356.7
1.A.1. Energy industries 5,843.4 4,671.5 2,849.7 4,353.5
1.A.1.a. Main Activity Electricity and heat production 3,871.9 2,607.6 665.2 1,936.1
1.A.1.a.i. Electricity Generation 3,871.9 2,607.6 665.2 1,936.1
1.A.1.a.ii. Combined heat and power generation (CHP) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.1.a.iii. Heat plants 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.1.b. Petroleum Refining 1,691.9 1,708.7 1,779.3 1,931.1
1.A.1.c. Manufactur of solid fuels and other energy industries 279.6 355.3 405.2 486.3
1.A.1.c.i. Manufacture of solid fuels 279.6 355.3 405.2 486.3
1.A.1.c.ii. Other energy industries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.2. Manufacturing industries and construction 12,261.5 11,152.3 12,722.0 12,259.2
1.A.2.a. Iron and steel 1,495.0 1,532.8 1,917.1 1,950.7
1.A.2.b. Non-ferrous metals 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.2.c. Chemical 141.1 108.4 168.2 170.6
1.A.2.d. Pulp, paper and print 557.5 751.3 822.6 755.9
1.A.2.e. Food processing, beverages and tobacco 3,600.3 2,682.8 3,050.6 1,981.7
1.A.2.f. Non-metallic minerals 572.7 517.0 708.0 701.6
1.A.2.g. Transport equipment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.2.h. Machinery 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.2.i. Mining (excluding fuel) and quarrying 3,799.9 3,506.5 3,521.9 3,764.1
1.A.2.j. Wood and wood products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.2.k. Construction 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.2.l. Textiles and leather 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.2.m. Non-specified industry 2,095.0 2,053.5 2,533.6 2,934.6
1.A.3. Transport 9,229.9 9,658.6 10,477.0 11,620.9
1.A.3.a. Civil aviation 567.8 331.6 465.2 581.9
1.A.3.a.i. International aviation (international Bunkers)
1.A.3.a.ii. Domestic aviation 567.8 331.6 465.2 581.9
1.A.3.b. Road Transportation 7,493.7 7,861.9 8,543.8 9,459.5
1.A.3.b.i. Cars 2,402.3 2,272.3 2,499.8 2,708.8
1.A.3.b.i.1. Passenger cars with 3- way catalysts 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.3.b.i.2. Passenger cars without 3-way catalysts 2,402.3 2,272.3 2,499.8 2,708.8
1.A.3.b.ii. Light-duty trucks 1,844.5 1,745.4 1,922.0 2,084.5
1.A.3.b.ii.1. Light duty trucks with 3-way catalysts 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.3.b.ii.2. Light duty trucks without 3-way catalysts 1,844.5 1,745.4 1,922.0 2,084.5
1.A.3.b.iii. Heavy-duty trucks and buses 3,217.9 3,814.7 4,090.4 4,633.7
1.A.3.b.iv. Motorcycles 29.0 29.5 31.6 32.5
1.A.3.b.v. Evaporative emissions from vehicles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.3.b.vi. Urea-based catalysts 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.3.c. Railways 64.2 62.5 67.5 57.3
1.A.3.d. Water-borne Navigation 880.5 1,169.1 1,143.7 1,235.9
1.A.3.d.i. International waterborne navigation (International bunkers)
1.A.3.d.ii. Domestic water-borne Navigation 880.5 1,169.1 1,143.7 1,235.9

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
12,489.2 9,370.8 16,445.8 20,845.7 39,677.5 30,065.7 13,907.1 10,372.8 20,472.5 4,019.2
37,458.9 40,297.3 46,119.2 52,784.0 53,254.6 55,977.3 52,508.7 50,408.9 51,143.7 51,802.6
34,166.7 37,470.2 44,433.0 49,040.5 49,772.4 54,486.3 50,829.5 47,415.0 48,884.4 49,269.3
35,870.4 38,941.2 44,849.0 51,545.6 52,053.0 54,644.0 50,967.2 48,805.5 49,596.2 50,363.8
4,591.9 7,894.3 12,280.4 13,910.2 16,424.4 18,698.3 14,908.3 13,078.2 14,228.6 15,610.6
2,489.6 5,932.1 10,056.5 11,888.8 14,053.2 16,505.6 13,035.4 10,867.6 11,457.8 13,083.0
2,489.6 5,932.1 10,056.5 11,888.8 14,053.2 16,505.6 13,035.4 10,867.6 11,457.8 13,083.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1,667.3 1,632.7 1,831.0 1,624.0 1,943.6 1,765.9 1,470.8 1,785.4 2,378.2 2,100.5
435.0 329.5 392.9 397.4 427.6 426.8 402.1 425.3 392.6 427.1
435.0 329.5 392.9 397.4 427.6 426.8 402.1 425.3 392.6 427.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
13,321.9 11,815.0 11,958.1 15,469.1 13,575.2 13,398.5 13,012.7 13,657.8 12,796.7 12,808.3
1,697.8 1,710.1 1,830.5 1,918.9 1,946.4 1,990.4 1,948.6 1,883.9 1,916.0 1,924.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
169.1 149.5 139.1 281.5 297.7 446.9 472.1 476.3 415.0 421.4
893.1 917.1 777.3 753.5 831.4 808.4 909.8 658.4 819.1 752.5
3,140.4 573.9 505.5 452.6 519.7 515.6 471.3 462.3 500.0 322.2
795.9 988.0 857.2 872.0 708.5 746.7 745.9 704.9 619.9 869.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3,901.8 4,051.1 4,074.1 4,518.3 4,317.4 4,460.1 4,540.2 4,421.5 4,605.5 4,057.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2,723.7 3,425.4 3,774.3 6,672.1 4,954.1 4,430.4 3,924.7 5,050.4 3,921.3 4,461.3
12,562.1 13,898.2 15,119.9 16,039.6 16,910.5 17,097.0 17,354.0 16,406.9 16,944.1 16,717.1
467.9 657.6 757.2 1,021.8 990.7 817.8 682.7 906.5 764.6 598.3
467.9 657.6 757.2 1,021.8 990.7 817.8 682.7 906.5 764.6 598.3
10,665.0 11,671.3 12,620.5 13,219.9 13,914.6 14,562.3 14,996.0 14,075.5 14,623.0 14,616.3
3,060.6 3,360.3 3,639.6 3,815.8 4,001.8 4,224.5 4,295.5 3,955.2 3,929.5 3,871.1
0.0 291.6 603.6 910.9 1,224.4 1,538.9 1,801.4 1,868.5 2,052.1 2,207.5
3,060.6 3,068.6 3,036.0 2,904.9 2,777.4 2,685.6 2,494.0 2,086.7 1,877.5 1,663.6
2,358.1 2,541.6 2,709.2 2,800.7 2,902.6 3,042.8 3,098.9 2,846.8 2,882.3 2,827.4
0.0 172.0 358.7 545.2 739.2 947.6 1,137.2 1,200.5 1,370.9 1,497.1
2,358.1 2,369.7 2,350.5 2,255.5 2,163.4 2,095.1 1,961.7 1,646.3 1,511.4 1,330.2
5,210.6 5,734.7 6,238.2 6,571.9 6,980.7 7,266.9 7,577.8 7,253.5 7,793.4 7,901.5
35.6 34.7 33.4 31.4 29.5 28.1 23.9 20.0 17.8 16.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
48.7 41.5 51.3 46.1 52.3 65.2 63.8 61.2 66.1 66.5
1,046.5 1,158.1 1,285.9 1,322.8 1,494.4 1,151.3 1,079.0 848.2 927.1 876.0
1,046.5 1,158.1 1,285.9 1,322.8 1,494.4 1,151.3 1,079.0 848.2 927.1 876.0

1.A.3.e. Other transportation 223.7 233.4 256.8 286.3
1.A.3.e.i. Pipeline transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.3.e.ii. Off-road 223.7 233.4 256.8 286.3
1.A.4. Other sectors 4,090.2 4,488.5 4,975.6 5,123.2
1.A.4.a. Commercial / Institutional 499.0 530.3 605.5 368.6
1.A.4.b. Residential 3,080.3 3,228.5 3,695.6 4,131.4
1.A.4.c. Agriculture / Forestry / Fishing / Fish Farms 510.9 729.7 674.5 623.3
1.A.4.c.i. Stationary 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.4.c.ii. Off-road Vehicles and Other Machinery 32.7 8.5 9.5 10.5
1.A.4.c.iii. Fishing (mobile combustion) 478.3 721.2 665.0 612.7
1.A.5. Non-specified 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.5.a. Stationary 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.5.b. Mobile 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.5.b.i. Mobile (aviation component) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.5.b.ii. Mobile (waterborne component) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.5.b.iii. Mobile (other) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.A.5.c. Multilateral operations (Information item)
1.B. Fugitive emissions from fuels 2,254.7 1,891.0 1,726.9 1,617.3
1.B.1. Solid fuels 573.2 534.9 410.3 351.6
1.B.1.a. Coal mining and handling 573.2 534.9 410.3 351.6
1.B.1.a.i. Underground mines 548.5 507.4 389.1 333.7
1.B.1.a.i.1. Mining 481.6 445.5 341.7 293.0
1.B.1.a.i.2. Post-mining seam gas emissions 66.9 61.9 47.5 40.7
1.B.1.a.i.3. Abandoned underground mines 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.B.1.a.i.4. Flaring of drained methane or conversion ofmethane to CO2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.B.1.a.ii. Surface Mines 24.6 27.5 21.2 17.9
1.B.1.a.ii.1. Mining 22.8 25.4 19.6 16.5
1.B.1.a.ii.2. Post-mining seam gas emissions 1.9 2.1 1.6 1.4
1.B.1.b. Uncontrolled combustion and burning coal dumps 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.B.1.c. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.B.2. Oil and natural gas 1,681.5 1,356.1 1,316.6 1,265.7
1.B.2.a. Oil 757.5 693.2 567.7 536.5
1.B.2.a.i. Venting 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
1.B.2.a.ii. Flaring 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.B.2.a.iii. All other 757.3 693.0 567.5 536.3
1.B.2.a.iii.1. Exploration 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.B.2.a.iii.2. Production and Upgrading 752.3 688.1 562.5 530.9
1.B.2.a.iii.3. Transport 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1
1.B.2.a.iii.4. Refining 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.3
1.B.2.a.iii.5. Distribution of oil products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.B.2.a.iii.6. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.B.2.b. Natural Gas 924.0 662.9 748.9 729.3
1.B.2.b.i. Venting 23.1 17.4 19.6 19.1
1.B.2.b.ii. Flaring 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.B.2.b.iii. All other 900.9 645.5 729.3 710.1
1.B.2.b.iii.1. Exploration 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.B.2.b.iii.2. Production 719.0 540.2 609.4 594.8
1.B.2.b.iii.3. Processing 17.0 9.8 11.2 10.8
1.B.2.b.iii.4. Transmission and storage 42.8 24.8 28.2 27.2
1.B.2.b.iii.5. Distribution 122.1 70.7 80.5 77.4
1.B.2.b.iii.6. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.B.3. Other emissions from Energy Production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.C. Carbon dioxide Transport and storage
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
334.1 369.8 405.0 429.1 458.5 500.5 532.3 515.6 563.2 560.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
334.1 369.8 405.0 429.1 458.5 500.5 532.3 515.6 563.2 560.1
5,394.5 5,333.8 5,490.5 6,126.7 5,142.8 5,450.3 5,692.2 5,662.6 5,626.8 5,227.8
663.6 677.3 645.6 927.0 532.3 583.0 612.6 540.7 622.7 793.2
4,092.9 4,176.9 3,981.8 4,239.3 4,018.7 4,317.8 4,451.9 4,592.4 4,374.7 3,974.2
637.9 479.5 863.0 960.4 591.9 549.5 627.7 529.5 629.5 460.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
12.1 12.9 13.6 14.0 10.7 11.5 12.7 12.4 13.3 14.4
625.8 466.6 849.4 946.4 581.2 538.0 615.0 517.1 616.2 445.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1,588.5 1,356.0 1,270.2 1,238.4 1,201.6 1,333.3 1,541.6 1,603.4 1,547.4 1,438.8
238.7 194.1 152.7 111.5 100.3 64.8 88.3 59.1 51.6 51.5
238.7 194.1 152.7 111.5 100.3 64.8 88.3 59.1 51.6 51.5
216.2 172.7 129.5 86.1 77.6 57.4 82.6 49.9 44.6 46.9
189.8 151.6 113.7 75.6 68.1 50.4 72.5 43.8 39.2 41.2
26.4 21.1 15.8 10.5 9.5 7.0 10.1 6.1 5.4 5.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
22.5 21.4 23.2 25.3 22.8 7.4 5.7 9.2 7.0 4.6
20.8 19.7 21.4 23.4 21.0 6.8 5.3 8.5 6.5 4.2
1.7 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1,349.8 1,162.0 1,117.5 1,126.9 1,101.2 1,268.6 1,453.2 1,544.3 1,495.8 1,387.3
542.9 384.5 335.9 252.9 228.4 225.8 253.0 240.2 201.0 166.2
0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
542.7 384.4 335.8 252.8 228.4 225.8 252.9 240.1 201.0 166.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
536.9 378.3 329.4 246.1 221.1 218.1 245.2 232.4 193.3 157.9
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6
4.6 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.8 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
806.9 777.4 781.7 874.0 872.8 1,042.7 1,200.3 1,304.1 1,294.8 1,221.1
21.4 20.6 20.7 21.8 19.5 22.0 23.9 25.3 24.9 21.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
785.5 756.8 761.0 852.2 853.2 1,020.7 1,176.4 1,278.8 1,269.9 1,199.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
666.1 641.1 643.8 678.9 607.3 684.7 742.6 787.1 774.0 663.3
11.1 10.8 10.9 16.2 23.0 31.4 40.5 45.9 46.3 50.1
28.1 27.3 27.6 40.8 57.9 79.1 102.2 115.8 116.8 126.4
80.1 77.7 78.6 116.3 165.1 225.5 291.1 330.0 332.8 360.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.C.1. Transport of CO2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.C.1.a. Pipelines 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.C.1.b. Ships 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.C.1.c. Other (please specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.C.2. Injections and storage 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.C.2.a. Injection 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.C.2.b. Storage 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.C.3. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. Industrial processes and product use 3,295.4 3,592.7 4,155.0 4,306.1
2.A. Minerals industry 780.3 1,088.0 1,216.2 1,308.0
2.A.1. Cement Production 650.1 959.8 1,073.0 1,166.2
2.A.2. Lime production 118.2 113.6 126.0 122.0
2.A.3. Glass Productio 12.0 14.6 17.2 19.8
2.A.4. Other Process Uses of Carbonates 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.A.4.a. Ceramics 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.A.4.b. Other uses of soda ash 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.A.4.c. Non Metallurgical Magnesia Production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.A.4.d. Other (specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.A.5. Other (please specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B. Chemical industry 953.2 836.3 938.6 912.9
2.B.1. Ammonia Production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.2. Nitric acid production 295.7 295.7 295.7 295.7
2.B.3. Adipic acid Production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.4. Caprolactam, Glyoxal and Glyoxylic Acid Production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.5. Carbide Production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.6. Titanium dioxide production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.7. Soda ash production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.8. Petrochemical and carbon black production 657.5 540.6 642.9 617.2
2.B.8.a. Methanol 609.5 494.5 599.5 575.9
2.B.8.b. Ethylene 48.0 46.1 43.4 41.3
2.B.8.c. Ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride monomer 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.8.d. Ethylene oxide 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.8.e. Acrylonitrile 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.8.f. Carbon Black 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.9. Fluorchemical production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.9.a. By-product Emissions 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.9.b. Fugitive Emissions 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.B.10. Other (specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.C. Metals industry 1,425.4 1,549.5 1,860.3 1,959.6
2.C.1. Iron and Steel Production 1,393.7 1,517.8 1,825.7 1,906.6
2.C.2. Ferroalloys Production 31.7 31.7 34.6 53.0
2.C.3. Aluminium Production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.C.4. Magnesium Production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.C.5. Lead Production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.C.6. Zinc Production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.C.7. Other (specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.D. Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use 75.1 75.1 90.5 78.9
2.D.1. Lubricant Use 68.1 68.1 82.8 71.8
2.D.2. Paraffin Wax Use 7.1 7.1 7.7 7.2
2.D.3. Solvent Use 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.D.4. Other (specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.E. Electronics industry 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.E.1. Integrated circuits or semiconductors 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.E.2. TFT Flat Panel Display 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4,274.0 4,097.7 4,284.7 4,619.7 5,065.7 5,375.4 6,243.6 6,243.9 6,404.9 6,610.2
1,319.0 1,202.4 1,192.4 1,185.2 1,383.2 1,252.0 1,312.2 1,331.9 1,372.5 1,448.5
1,158.7 1,009.6 978.5 962.9 1,151.1 967.9 1,028.6 1,031.4 1,098.5 1,133.3
138.0 167.9 180.7 180.1 187.8 239.3 231.0 249.7 218.8 256.4
22.3 24.9 33.3 42.1 44.3 44.7 52.6 50.8 55.2 58.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
961.7 942.3 954.3 1,507.8 1,559.3 1,999.6 2,645.3 2,610.4 2,695.8 2,683.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
295.7 295.7 295.7 295.7 295.7 295.7 513.3 563.0 541.0 698.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
666.0 646.5 658.6 1,212.1 1,263.6 1,703.9 2,132.0 2,047.4 2,154.8 1,984.4
623.7 600.1 608.7 1,166.7 1,213.2 1,647.8 2,077.9 1,986.8 2,092.4 1,928.9
42.3 46.4 49.9 45.3 50.4 56.1 54.1 60.6 62.5 55.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1,837.3 1,788.9 1,969.6 1,732.4 1,905.1 1,951.4 1,995.4 1,860.9 1,924.4 1,984.8
1,792.8 1,750.5 1,929.5 1,710.8 1,885.9 1,939.4 1,986.9 1,857.5 1,924.4 1,984.8
44.5 38.5 40.1 21.6 19.2 11.9 8.5 3.3 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
86.2 87.6 93.6 95.3 95.8 31.0 114.8 186.7 126.0 147.3
77.8 79.3 84.1 85.9 86.9 28.6 105.7 177.4 116.1 137.6
8.4 8.4 9.5 9.4 8.9 2.4 9.1 9.3 9.9 9.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.E.3. Photovoltaics 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.E.4. Heat Transfer fluids 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.E.5. Other (specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.F. Product uses as substitutes for ozone depleting substances 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.F.1. Refrigeration and air conditioning 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.F.1.a. Refrigeration and stationary air conditioning 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.F.1.b. Mobile air conditioning 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.F.2. Foam Blowing Agents 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.F.3. Fire protection 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.F.4. Aerosols 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.F.5. Solvents 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.F.6. Other applications (specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.G. Other Product Manufacture and Use 61.3 43.7 49.4 46.6
2.G.1. Electrical equipment 61.3 43.7 49.4 46.6
2.G.1.a. Manufacture of electrical equipment 25.5 0.0 5.6 1.1
2.G.1.b. Use of electrical equipment 35.8 43.7 43.7 45.5
2.G.1.c. Disposal of Electrical Equipment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.G.2. SF6 and PFC from other product uses 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.G.2.a. Military applications 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.G.2.b. Accelerators 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.G.2.c. Other (specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.G.3. N2O of product uses 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.G.3.a. Medical applications 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.G.3.b. Propellant for pressurized products and aerosol products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.G.3.c. Other (specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.G.4. Other (specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.H. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.H.1. Pulp and paper industry 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.H.2. Food And Beverages industry 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.H.3. Other (specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Agriculture 12,071.4 12,167.0 12,562.0 12,987.3
3.A. Enteric fermentation 5,488.7 5,535.8 5,672.4 5,869.5
3.A.1. Cattle 4,556.3 4,612.0 4,752.2 4,940.9
3.A.1.a. Dairy cows 946.9 955.5 993.0 1,033.9
3.A.1.b. Other cattle 3,609.4 3,656.5 3,759.2 3,907.0
3.A.1.b.i. Beef Cows 1,022.1 1,028.2 1,070.1 1,108.4
3.A.1.b.ii. Heifers 793.1 836.8 839.7 872.9
3.A.1.b.iii. Adult meat (>2 years heifer, bulls and stud bull, oxen) 434.7 444.7 458.0 468.8
3.A.1.b.iv. Young meat (1-2 year heifer) 666.4 627.5 667.8 681.5
3.A.1.b.v. Calves 693.2 719.4 723.7 775.5
3.A.2. Sheep 600.1 586.1 577.7 581.1
3.A.3. Swine 37.8 40.4 42.7 45.0
3.A.3.a. Pigs 5.0 5.4 5.7 6.0
3.A.3.b. Male pigs 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
3.A.3.c. Juvenile 32.6 34.9 36.9 38.8
3.A.4. Other species 294.6 297.2 299.8 302.4
3.A.4.a. Buffalo 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.A.4.b. Goat 109.6 107.1 104.7 102.2
3.A.4.c. Horses 152.2 157.2 162.1 167.0
3.A.4.d. Mules and donkeys 8.9 8.8 8.6 8.5
3.A.4.e. Poultry 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.A.4.f. Camels (Llamas and alpacas) 23.0 23.3 23.6 23.8
3.A.4.g. Other 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38.3 81.9 155.3 190.2 210.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.5 77.7 132.6 165.3 204.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.5 77.7 132.6 165.3 204.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.7 1.6 3.1 3.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 3.5 21.1 21.8 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
69.8 76.5 74.8 99.0 122.4 103.1 94.1 98.6 96.0 136.5
69.8 76.5 74.8 99.0 122.4 103.1 94.1 98.6 96.0 136.5
24.0 23.2 14.3 34.1 46.9 13.1 0.0 4.6 0.5 40.8
45.8 53.3 60.5 64.9 75.5 90.0 94.1 94.1 95.5 95.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
13,357.7 13,665.2 13,809.2 14,217.7 14,185.0 14,199.8 14,008.7 13,870.1 13,966.0 13,693.1
6,055.4 6,140.4 6,144.5 6,413.5 6,364.4 6,305.5 6,245.1 6,238.3 6,184.7 6,119.2
5,123.3 5,217.3 5,298.7 5,572.1 5,525.3 5,463.3 5,406.4 5,384.0 5,326.1 5,266.3
1,074.5 1,104.4 1,125.5 1,207.7 1,188.0 1,153.6 1,124.6 1,130.4 1,101.1 1,070.3
4,048.8 4,112.9 4,173.2 4,364.4 4,337.3 4,309.7 4,281.8 4,253.6 4,224.9 4,195.9
1,144.1 1,162.4 1,187.1 1,289.7 1,286.7 1,283.7 1,280.6 1,277.6 1,274.5 1,271.5
931.0 958.1 960.0 998.9 993.1 987.1 980.9 974.6 968.1 961.4
481.3 486.6 504.6 533.2 518.6 504.0 489.3 474.5 459.6 444.7
676.0 690.7 674.2 682.2 678.1 673.8 669.5 665.0 660.4 655.6
816.3 815.1 847.2 860.4 860.8 861.2 861.5 861.9 862.3 862.7
578.2 564.5 479.3 463.8 466.0 468.3 470.5 472.7 474.9 477.2
48.8 50.9 56.2 64.6 65.1 70.8 70.1 88.4 95.5 92.5
6.5 6.8 7.5 8.6 8.7 9.4 9.3 11.8 12.7 12.3
0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3
42.2 44.0 48.5 55.8 56.2 61.1 60.5 76.4 82.5 79.9
305.1 307.7 310.3 312.9 308.0 303.1 298.1 293.2 288.2 283.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
99.7 97.2 94.8 92.3 92.3 92.3 92.3 92.3 92.3 92.3
172.0 176.9 181.8 186.8 182.5 178.3 174.0 169.8 165.5 161.3
8.3 8.1 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
24.1 24.4 24.7 24.9 24.0 23.1 22.2 21.3 20.4 19.5
1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6

3.A.4.g.i. Deer 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9
3.A.4.g.ii. Warthog 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.B. Manure management 1,521.9 1,579.2 1,641.7 1,707.1
3.B.1. Cattle 912.0 932.6 963.2 995.1
3.B.1.a. Dairy cows 136.4 137.9 143.7 150.0
3.B.1.b. Other cattle 775.6 794.7 819.5 845.1
3.B.1.b.i. Beef Cows 222.0 224.3 233.0 240.9
3.B.1.b.ii. Heifers 181.2 191.0 191.5 198.8
3.B.1.b.iii. Adult meat (>2 year heifer, bulls and stud bulls, oxen) 154.4 158.1 163.1 167.1
3.B.1.b.iv. Young meat (1-2 year heifer) 171.8 173.4 183.7 186.6
3.B.1.b.v. Calves 46.1 47.9 48.2 51.7
3.B.2. Sheep 18.0 17.6 17.4 17.4
3.B.3. Swine 465.7 498.2 524.8 553.6
3.B.3.a. Pigs 109.1 116.7 123.1 129.9
3.B.3.b. Male pigs 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5
3.B.3.c. Juvenile 353.7 378.4 398.5 420.2
3.B.4. Other species 50.8 52.5 54.1 55.8
3.B.4.a. Buffalo 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.B.4.b. Goat 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5
3.B.4.c. Horses 13.9 14.3 14.8 15.2
3.B.4.d. Mules and donkeys 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
3.B.4.e. Poultry 26.9 28.1 29.4 30.6
3.B.4.f. Camels (Llamas and alpacas) 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7
3.B.4.g. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.B.4.g.i. Deer 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.B.4.g.ii. Warthog 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.B.5. Indirect Emissions of N2O resulting from manure management 75.5 78.4 82.2 85.2
3.B.5.a. Cattle 27.8 28.2 29.4 30.5
3.B.5.b. Sheep 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.B.5.c. Swine 3.4 3.8 4.4 4.3
3.B.5.d. Other Species 44.3 46.4 48.4 50.4
3.B.5.d.i. Buffalo 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.B.5.d.ii. Goat 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.B.5.d.iii. Horses 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.B.5.d.iv. Mules and donkeys 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.B.5.d.v. Poultry 44.3 46.4 48.4 50.4
3.B.5.d.vi. Camels (Llamas and alpacas) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.B.5.d.vii. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.C. Rice cultivation 164.2 149.9 160.0 146.5
3.C.1. Irrigated 164.2 149.9 160.0 146.5
3.C.2. Rain-fed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.C.3. Deep Water 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.C.4. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.D. Agricultural soils 4,547.3 4,536.6 4,709.3 4,895.0
3.D.1. Direct N2O emissions from managed soils 3,764.5 3,761.1 3,905.8 4,061.7
3.D.1.a. Inorganic N fertilizer 669.3 640.9 709.3 798.7
3.D.1.b. Organic N fertilizer 203.5 208.6 218.1 224.6
3.D.1.b.i. Animal manure applied to soils 203.5 208.6 218.1 224.6
3.D.1.b.ii. Sewage sludge applied to soils 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.D.1.b.iii. Other organic fertilizers applied to soils 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.D.1.c. Urine and dung deposited by grazing animals 2,452.0 2,456.7 2,499.7 2,562.6
3.D.1.d. Crop residues 438.8 453.6 475.7 473.6
Mineralization / immobilization associated loss / gain of soil organic
3.D.1.e. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
matter

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
1,789.7 1,839.7 1,920.2 2,087.2 2,080.4 2,136.1 2,111.2 1,910.9 1,950.0 1,910.4
1,026.7 1,045.7 1,058.1 1,114.3 1,099.2 1,082.4 1,066.1 1,053.5 1,036.9 1,020.0
156.1 160.6 164.2 177.2 172.6 166.4 160.8 159.0 153.3 147.3
870.6 885.1 893.9 937.1 926.6 916.0 905.3 894.5 883.7 872.7
248.2 251.7 256.6 278.3 277.2 276.1 275.1 274.0 272.9 271.8
211.8 217.7 217.9 226.5 225.0 223.4 221.8 220.1 218.4 216.7
171.8 173.8 180.6 191.3 185.3 179.2 173.1 167.0 160.8 154.6
184.3 187.4 182.2 183.5 181.6 179.7 177.7 175.8 173.8 171.8
54.5 54.4 56.6 57.5 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.7 57.7 57.7
17.3 16.9 14.4 13.9 14.0 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.2 14.3
599.6 623.0 687.3 789.4 795.6 864.3 855.1 639.3 690.6 668.6
140.7 146.4 161.5 185.5 187.0 203.3 201.1 149.2 161.2 156.1
3.8 3.9 4.3 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.4 4.0 4.3 4.2
455.1 472.8 521.5 598.9 603.5 655.6 648.6 486.1 525.1 508.4
57.4 59.1 60.7 62.4 62.6 62.9 63.2 63.5 63.8 64.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1
15.7 16.1 16.6 17.0 16.6 16.2 15.9 15.5 15.1 14.7
0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
31.8 33.0 34.3 35.5 36.4 37.3 38.2 39.0 39.9 40.8
5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1
88.7 95.0 99.7 107.2 109.0 112.5 112.7 140.5 144.5 143.3
31.5 32.2 33.2 35.9 34.9 33.9 32.9 31.9 30.8 29.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.7 8.4 10.0 12.8 14.1 17.2 17.0 44.3 47.8 46.3
52.4 54.5 56.5 58.5 60.0 61.4 62.9 64.3 65.8 67.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
52.4 54.5 56.5 58.5 60.0 61.4 62.9 64.3 65.8 67.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
152.9 170.9 161.4 129.8 134.5 74.0 129.8 143.8 140.9 142.2
152.9 170.9 161.4 129.8 134.5 74.0 129.8 143.8 140.9 142.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5,008.3 5,139.9 5,140.4 5,225.7 5,208.1 5,272.5 5,071.0 5,147.7 5,215.8 5,016.2
4,162.4 4,272.2 4,277.2 4,347.5 4,334.5 4,382.3 4,219.1 4,276.0 4,331.3 4,170.4
798.9 880.7 919.6 905.5 885.0 973.4 833.6 895.3 981.6 838.9
233.4 248.1 260.1 287.0 290.8 299.0 299.1 358.6 367.2 364.2
233.4 248.1 260.1 287.0 290.8 299.0 299.1 358.6 367.2 364.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2,622.4 2,613.4 2,561.0 2,699.1 2,673.9 2,652.6 2,631.5 2,538.2 2,519.4 2,498.7
495.6 520.2 530.3 450.7 470.0 454.7 451.8 477.3 452.4 462.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3.D.1.f. Cultivation of organic soils (histosols) 0.9 1.4 3.0 2.3
3.D.1.g. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.D.2. Indirect N2O emissions from managed soils 782.8 775.5 803.5 833.3
3.D.2.a. Atmospheric deposition 300.1 297.1 307.1 321.0
3.D.2.a.i Inorganic N fertilizer 66.4 63.6 70.4 79.4
3.D.2.a.ii. Organic N fertilizer 207.8 207.0 209.0 213.1
3.D.2.a.ii.1. Animal manure applied to soils 207.8 207.0 209.0 213.1
3.D.2.a.ii.2. Sewage sludge applied to soils 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.D.2.a.ii.3. Other organic fertilizers applied to soils 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.D.2.a.iii. Urine and dung deposited by grazing animals 25.9 26.5 27.8 28.6
3.D.2.b. Leaching and runoff 482.7 478.4 496.4 512.3
3.D.2.b.i. Inorganic N fertilizer 97.8 93.6 103.5 116.2
3.D.2.b.ii. Organic N fertilizer 299.5 298.2 301.4 307.4
3.D.2.b.ii.1. Animal manure applied to soils 299.5 298.2 301.4 307.4
3.D.2.b.ii.2. Sewage sludge applied to soils 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.D.2.b.ii.3. Other organic fertilizers applied to soils 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.D.2.b.iii. Urine and dung deposited by grazing animals 21.2 21.1 21.8 22.1
3.D.2.b.iv. Crop residues 64.1 65.5 69.7 66.5
Mineralization / immobilization associated loss / gain of soil organic
3.D.2.b.v. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
matter
3.E. Prescribed burning of savannahs 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.F. Field burning of agricultural residues 148.9 140.1 133.8 121.3
3.F.1. Cereals and other crops 89.4 82.2 77.6 67.5
3.F.2. Fruit 59.5 57.9 56.2 53.8
3.F.3. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.G. Liming 30.8 33.1 35.5 37.8
3.G.1. Limestone 30.8 33.1 35.5 37.8
3.G.2. Dolomite 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.H. Urea Application 169.7 192.4 209.3 210.1
3.I. Other carbon-containing fertilizers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.J. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Land use, land-use change and forestry -50,061.0 -46,217.6 -49,320.9 -49,276.8
4.A. Forest Land -58,049.6 -54,275.5 -57,442.2 -57,466.6
4.A.1. Forest land remaining forest land -33,324.3 -27,781.5 -30,164.1 -28,476.1
4.A.1.a. Annual biomass increase -65,996.8 -68,094.8 -70,469.5 -72,777.0
4.A.1.a.i. Native Forest -63,374.2 -64,758.3 -66,342.8 -67,878.7
4.A.1.a.i.1. Seedlings -43,965.4 -44,410.3 -44,920.4 -45,491.6
4.A.1.a.i.1.a. Larch -31.0 -31.0 -30.9 -30.9
4.A.1.a.i.1.b. Guaitecas cypress -429.0 -429.0 -429.0 -429.0
4.A.1.a.i.1.c. Araucaria -488.1 -486.5 -485.2 -484.2
4.A.1.a.i.1.d. Mountain Range cypress -384.6 -385.8 -386.9 -388.2
4.A.1.a.i.1.e. Chilean Palm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.A.1.a.i.1.f. Lenga -8,003.6 -8,056.0 -8,117.8 -8,174.9
4.A.1.a.i.1.g. Coihue Magallanes -2,522.0 -2,587.1 -2,665.7 -2,751.9
4.A.1.a.i.1.h. Ro-Hualo -1,372.2 -1,375.4 -1,379.0 -33,517.2
4.A.1.a.i.1.i. RoRaCo -15,922.4 -16,167.1 -16,453.8 -16,804.2
4.A.1.a.i.1.j. CoRaTe -2,244.6 -2,254.3 -2,265.5 -2,265.7
4.A.1.a.i.1.k. Sclerophyll -1,345.7 -1,346.1 -1,346.5 -1,347.0
4.A.1.a.i.1.l. Evergreen -11,222.0 -11,292.1 -11,360.3 -11,420.5
4.A.1.a.i.2. Management Plans (Native Forest Law) -1,225.9 -1,931.0 -2,751.6 -3,471.2
4.A.1.a.i.2.a. Larch 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.A.1.a.i.2.b. Guaitecas cypress -4.9 -5.8 -6.9 -8.8
4.A.1.a.i.2.c. Araucaria -86.0 -99.3 -104.8 -115.9
4.A.1.a.i.2.d. Mountain Range cypress 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
12.1 9.6 6.2 5.3 14.7 2.5 3.1 6.6 10.7 6.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
845.8 867.7 863.1 878.2 873.6 890.2 851.9 871.7 884.5 845.8
325.9 334.0 331.1 342.6 339.4 348.0 332.4 340.1 348.6 332.6
79.4 87.5 91.4 90.1 88.1 97.1 82.9 89.1 97.7 83.4
216.8 214.9 206.5 216.0 214.3 212.9 211.4 205.4 204.2 202.8
216.8 214.9 206.5 216.0 214.3 212.9 211.4 205.4 204.2 202.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
29.7 31.6 33.1 36.5 37.0 38.1 38.1 45.6 46.7 46.4
519.9 533.8 532.1 535.6 534.2 542.2 519.4 531.6 535.9 513.2
116.3 128.3 133.8 131.4 128.5 140.7 121.1 130.1 142.5 121.9
312.7 310.7 297.0 309.8 308.3 306.8 305.4 301.3 300.1 298.8
312.7 310.7 297.0 309.8 308.3 306.8 305.4 301.3 300.1 298.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
22.7 23.8 24.7 28.1 27.8 27.7 26.9 30.3 29.7 28.4
68.1 71.0 76.6 66.3 69.5 67.0 66.1 69.9 63.6 64.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
112.3 110.4 100.9 104.3 102.0 82.5 85.1 88.4 85.8 84.4
63.1 63.5 56.2 62.6 62.9 46.2 51.4 56.2 55.0 54.9
49.3 46.9 44.6 41.7 39.1 36.3 33.6 32.2 30.8 29.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
40.1 41.1 45.8 51.0 58.7 56.9 63.6 67.5 80.2 77.7
40.1 41.1 45.8 51.0 58.7 56.9 63.6 67.5 80.2 77.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
198.9 222.8 296.1 206.3 236.9 272.3 302.9 273.4 308.6 343.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-45,8585 -52,080.8 -51,267.5 -54,356.5 -36,471.4 -49,210.4 -62,676.4 -64,355.8 -55,703.5 17,867.4
-54,116.4 -60,400.5 -59,654.2 -62,809.8 -45,019.5 -57,802.0 -71,325.9 -73,070.8 -60,489.6 -77,770.3
-24,662.5 -29,857.6 -30,632.6 -34,470.3 -17,199.6 -30,172.7 -45,028.6 -46,735.4 -30,859.0 -52,004.4
-75,844.2 -79,716.5 -84,063.4 -87,893.7 -91,355.7 -93,975.2 -98,122.8 -100,783.1 -101,725.2 -107,115.1
-69,514.7 -71,240.6 -72,782.1 -74,187.7 -75,636.4 -76,896.7 -77,918.7 -80,167.9 -79,646.3 -80,250.5
-46,109.6 -46,772.0 -47,350.9 -47,896.7 -48,428.2 -48,905.7 -49,248.1 -49,505.8 -49,721.4 -49,904.5
-30.9 -30.8 -30.8 -30.8 -30.8 -30.7 -30.7 -30.7 -30.7 -30.6
-429.0 -429.0 -429.0 -429.0 -428.9 -428.9 -428.9 -428.9 -428.9 -428.9
-483.1 -482.0 -481.0 -479.8 -477.3 -475.2 -473.4 -471.8 -470.1 -468.6
-389.7 -391.4 -393.7 -396.1 -398.2 -400.8 -403.7 -407.2 -410.9 -414.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-8,222.3 -8,254.2 -8,286.4 -8,309.8 -8,324.3 -8,326.1 -8,321.9 -8,322.8 -8,340.0 -8,331.8
-2,836.3 -2,915.2 -2,987.5 -3,053.2 -3,109.4 -3,155.2 -3,192.5 -3,223.4 -3,249.4 -3,272.7
-1,387.8 -1,393.1 -1,400.5 -1,409.6 -1,411.3 -1,429.2 -1,439.6 -1,451.1 -1,463.9 -1,478.7
-17,214.4 -17,697.9 -18,104.0 -18,492.1 -18,889.7 -19,258.9 -19,517.0 -19,691.9 -19,811.3 -19,924.1
-2,290.0 -2,301.3 -2,313.1 -2,325.6 -2,338.3 -2,352.6 -2,364.8 -2,376.5 -2,391.6 -2,402.9
-1,347.6 0,263.2 0,263.3 -1,350.8 -1,352.7 -1,354.5 -1,356.6 -1,358.8 -1,361.5 € -1,363.9
-11,478.6 -11,528.8 -11,575.6 -11,620.1 -11,659.4 -11,693.5 -11,719.0 -11,742.7 -11,763.1 -11,787.8
-4,263.4 -5,133.3 -5,932.1 -6,651.8 -7,450.5 -8,143.5 -8,747.6 -9,346.5 -9,818.3 -10,120.9
0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1
-10.2 -11.1 -12.1 -12.8 -13.7 -13.7 -13.7 -13.7 -13.7 -13.7
-119.9 -127.1 -137.7 -145.4 -164.9 -177.5 -187.9 -199.7 -207.9 -211.5
-0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3

4.A.1.a.i.2.f. Lenga -170.5 -322.8 -489.9 -655.5
4.A.1.a.i.2.g. Coihue Magallanes -0.3 -1.3 -2.8 -5.2
4.A.1.a.i.2.h. Ro-Hualo -24.6 -49.4 -88.8 -113.6
4.A.1.a.i.2.i. RoRaCo -204.0 -347.7 -500.7 -647.4
4.A.1.a.i.2.j. CoRaTe -95.7 -137.3 -198.8 -257.6
4.A.1.a.i.2.k. Sclerophyll -192.8 -269.0 -349.8 -395.1
4.A.1.a.i.2.l. Evergreen -447.1 -698.5 -1,009.1 -1,272.0
4.A.1.a.i.3. National parks and reserves -18,183.0 -18,416.9 -18,670.7 -18,915.8
4.A.1.a.i.3.a. Larch -30.9 -30.9 -30.8 -30.8
4.A.1.a.i.3.b. Guaitecas cypress -1,305.5 -1,305.5 -1,305.5 -1,305.5
4.A.1.a.i.3.c. Araucaria -477.6 -476.8 -476.3 -475.7
4.A.1.a.i.3.d. Mountain Range cypress -7.7 -7.7 -7.8 -7.8
4.A.1.a.i.3.f. Lenga -2,834.3 -2,836.5 -2,839.0 -2,840.5
4.A.1.a.i.3.g. Coihue Magallanes -5,182.7 -5,363.0 -5,569.9 -5,787.5
4.A.1.a.i.3.h. Ro-Hualo 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.A.1.a.i.3.i. RoRaCo -22.4 -22.6 -22.9 -23.2
4.A.1.a.i.3.j. CoRaTe -1,212.8 -1,216.2 -1,219.5 -1,222.6
4.A.1.a.i.3.k. Sclerophyll 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.A.1.a.i.3.l. Evergreen -7,109.0 -7,157.6 -7,199.0 -7,222.2
4.A.1.a.ii. Forest plantations -2,622.6 -3,336.5 -4,126.7 -4,898.3
4.A.1.a.ii.1. Pinus radiata -2,403.2 -3,117.1 -3,907.3 -4,678.9
4.A.1.a.ii.2. Eucalyptus globulus -45.7 -45.7 -45.7 -45.7
4.A.1.a.ii.3. Eucalyptus nitens 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.A.1.a.ii.4. Prosopis chilensis and Prosopis tamarugo -125.8 -125.8 -125.8 -125.8
4.A.1.a.ii.5. Pseudotsuga menziensii -29.3 -29.3 -29.3 -29.3
4.A.1.a.ii.6. Populus spp. -9.7 -9.7 -9.7 -9.7
4.A.1.a.ii.7. Other Species -9.0 -9.0 -9.0 -9.0
4.A.1.b. Annual biomass loss 33,890.3 42,027.8 42,298.9 46,758.1
4.A.1.b.i. Harvest 21,054.7 26,058.8 27,847.1 29,749.2
4.A.1.b.i.1. P. radiata logs 14,227.4 15,098.6 18,594.0 19,415.4
4.A.1.b.i.2. Eucalyptus spp. logs 2,248.3 5,102.4 3,558.0 3,390.3
4.A.1.b.i.3. Other exotic logs 171.0 255.0 266.6 207.2
4.A.1.b.i.4. Native species logs 4,408.0 5,602.9 5,428.5 6,736.3
4.A.1.b.ii. Firewood 11,094.8 12,407.0 13,761.6 12,755.8
4.A.1.b.ii.1. Native species firewood 6,731.2 7,527.3 8,349.2 7,739.0
4.A.1.b.ii.2. Exotic species firewood 4,363.6 4,879.7 5,412.5 5,016.9
4.A.1.b.iii. Disturbances 1,607.2 3,404.6 577.4 4,122.3
4.A.1.b.iii.1. Fires 1,607.2 3,404.6 577.4 4,122.3
4.A.1.b.iii.1.a. Native forest 1,071.2 1,647.5 189.4 564.5
4.A.1.b.iii.1.b. Forest plantations 535.9 1,757.1 388.0 3,557.8
4.A.1.b.iii.2. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.A.1.b.iv. Controlled burning of forest waste 133.6 157.3 112.8 130.7
4.A.1.c. Forest land with vegetation change -1,217.7 -1,714.5 -1,993.5 -2,457.2
4.A.1.c.i. Restitution -16.1 -31.9 -47.7 -63.5
4.A.1.c.ii. Replacing -1,201.6 -1,682.6 -1,945.7 -2,393.7
4.A.2. Land converted to forest land -24,725.2 -26,494.0 -27,278.2 -28,990.4
4.A.2.a. Cropland -12,933.4 -13,728.4 -13,812.7 -14,534.8
4.A.2.a.i. Agricultural land converted to native forest 48.2 35.7 23.1 10.6
4.A.2.a.ii. Agricultural land converted to forest plantations -12,981.7 -13,764.1 -13,835.8 -14,545.4
4.A.2.b. Grassland -11,697.7 -12,664.0 -13,360.0 -14,343.4
4.A.2.b.i. Grassland converted to native forest 390.1 282.1 174.2 66.2

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-851.8 -1,103.7 -1,333.7 -1,545.6 -1,784.7 -1,996.2 -2,229.5 -2,426.1 -2,614.5 -2,736.5
-7.0 -9.3 -11.9 15.0 -22.8 -25.2 -28.7 -36.7 -39.47 -43.9
-152.7 -171.9 -189.4 -202.4 -212.0 -224.3 -232.4 -236.6 -242.7 -243.7
-795.2 -927.7 -1,062.7 -1,166.3 -1,265.2 -1,360.4 -1,406.8 -1,450.1 -1,500.2 -1,521.2
-305.3 -384.2 -455.9 -523.9 -588.7 -628.4 -653.1 -680.4 -697.9 -707.1
-438.3 -472.8 -499.9 -519.3 -533.3 -551.1 -561.2 -566.7 -574.3 -576.7
79,833.0 -1,925.4 -2,228.6 -2,520.8 -2,853.0 -3,166.2 92,633.9 -3,736.1 -3,927.2 -4,066.1
-19,141.7 -19,335.3 -19,499.1 -19,639.3 -19,757.6 -19,847.5 -19,923.0 -20,009.6 -20,106.6 -20,225.2
-30.8 -30.8 -30.8 -30.7 -30.7 -30.7 -30.6 -30.6 -30.6 -30.6
-1,305.5 -1,305.5 -1,305.5 -1,305.5 -1,305.5 -1,305.5 -1,305.5 -1,305.5 -1,305.5 -1,305.5
-475.1 -474.6 -474.2 -473.7 -472.6 -471.1 -470.2 -469.3 -468.6 -467.9
-7.8 -7.9 -8.1 -8.2 -8.4 -8.6 -8.7 -8.9 -9.1 -9.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-2,843.2 -2,841.8 -2,841.3 -2,839.5 -2,833.2 -2,825.3 -2,815.1 -2,806.9 -2,800.1 -2,793.8
-5,989.5 -6,166.0 -6,318.0 -6,443.6 -6,548.0 -6,630.3 -6,695.6 -6,748.7 -6,797.5 -6,841.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-23.5 -23.8 -24.2 -24.5 -24.8 -25.0 -25.0 -25.1 -25.0 -24.9
-1,225.9 -1,229.0 -1,231.8 -1,234.9 -1,238.0 -1,241.2 -1,244.2 -1,247.6 -1,251.6 -1,254.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-7,240.4 -7,256.0 -7,265.4 -7,278.6 -7,296.5 -7,309.8 -7,327.9 -7,366.9 -7,418.6 -7,497.3
-6,329.5 -8,475.9 -11,281.3 -13,705.9 -15,719.4 -17,078.4 -20,204.1 -21,921.2 -22,078.9 -26,864.6
-6,110.1 -8,053.6 -10,593.8 -12,789.2 -14,612.4 -15,843.0 -18,250.0 -20,056.9 -19,698.8 -24,553.2
-45.7 -190.5 -379.8 -543.4 -679.2 -770.9 -1,283.0 -1,140.0 -1,576.7 -1,418.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-125.8 -125.8 -125.8 -125.8 -125.8 -125.8 -125.8 -123.6 -123.6 -146.8
-29.3 -45.4 -66.5 -84.7 -99.8 -110.0 -151.4 -161.5 -169.6 -169.6
-9.7 -20.0 -33.3 -44.9 -54.5 -61.0 -96.1 -90.6 -93.4 -93.0
-9.0 -40.7 -82.1 -117.9 -147.7 -167.8 -297.8 -348.5 -416.9 -483.0
53,777.5 52,678.4 55,790.8 55,579.0 76,158.8 65,747.2 54,640.6 55,570.1 75,241.6 58,597.1
31,655.6 36,844.6 33,427.6 34,488.1 31,268.2 34,074.2 35,882.6 37,332.2 37,099.1 39,820.2
21,246.9 24,621.5 23,888.0 24,384.3 21,782.7 23,548.3 24,964.8 27,059.9 26,798.7 29,320.5
3,772.1 4,328.6 3,517.5 3,958.3 4,629.2 6,463.3 7,794.5 7,769.9 8,579.3 8,984.7
253.3 255.3 210.9 274.7 212.0 301.7 280.5 304.2 269.6 271.4
6,383.3 7,639.2 5,811.3 5,870.8 4,644.3 3,761.0 2,842.9 2,198.3 1,451.6 1,243.6
13,379.2 14,306.0 15,336.5 15,267.9 16,389.0 16,984.6 17,742.0 17,707.1 17,990.2 17,025.8
8,117.1 8,679.5 9,304.7 9,263.1 9,943.2 10,304.5 10,764.1 10,742.9 10,914.7 10,329.6
5,262.0 5,626.6 6,031.9 6,004.9 6,445.8 6,680.0 6,977.9 6,964.2 7,075.6 6,696.2
8,643.9 1,438.1 6,963.1 5,774.1 28,430.2 14,643.7 967.9 491.4 20,107.3 1,730.9
8,643.9 1,438.1 6,963.1 5,774.1 28,430.2 14,643.7 967.9 491.4 20,107.3 1,730.9
1,151.6 359.8 5,596.4 1,133.0 27,799.6 2,761.9 169.4 90.8 13,195.7 425.0
7,492.3 1,078.3 1,366.7 4,641.2 630.6 11,881.8 798.5 400.6 6,911.6 1,305.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
98.8 89.7 63.6 48.8 71.4 44.7 48.1 39.4 44.9 20.2
-2,595.8 -2,819.6 -2,360.0 -2,155.6 -2,002.7 -1,944.7 -1,546.5 -1,522.5 -4,375.4 -3,486.4
-79.3 -95.1 -110.9 -126.7 -142.5 -158.3 -174.1 -189.9 -194.3 -199.0
-2,516.5 -2,724.4 -2,249.1 -2,028.9 -1,860.2 -1,786.4 -1,372.3 -1,332.6 -4,181.1 -3,287.4
-29,453.8 -30,542.9 -29,021.6 -28,339.5 -27,819.9 -27,629.3 -26,297.3 -26,335.4 -29,630.5 -25,765.9
-14,443.0 -15,094.4 -14,112.0 -13,449.4 -12,933.6 -12,731.4 -11,855.6 -11,775.4 -14,550.6 -12,243.0
-2.0 -14.5 -27.1 -39.7 -52.2 -64.8 -77.3 -89.9 -124.3 -129.7
-14,441.0 -15,079.8 -14,084.9 -13,409.7 -12,881.4 -12,666.6 -11,778.3 -11,685.6 -14,426.3 -12,113.4
-14,893.7 -15,326.1 -14,790.5 -14,768.6 -14,763.7 -14,776.7 -14,322.7 -14,440.5 -14,967.9 -13,423.3
-41.7 -149.7 -257.7 -365.6 -473.6 -581.5 -689.5 -797.4 -994.9 -1.056.0

4.A.2.b.ii. Grassland converted to forest plantations -12,087.8 -12,946.1 -13,534.1 -14,409.6
4.A.2.c. Wetland -94.1 -101.6 -105.5 -112.2
4.A.2.c.i. Wetland converted to native forest. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.A.2.c.ii. Wetland converted to forest plantations -94.1 -101.6 -105.5 -112.2
4.A.2.d. Settlements 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.A.2.d.i. Settlements converted to native forest 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.A.2.d.ii. Settlements converted to forest plantations 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.A.2.e. Other Land 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.A.2.e.i. Other land converted to native forest. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.A.2.e.ii. Other land converted to forest plantations 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.B. Cropland 634.4 699.1 762.5 826.7
4.B.1. Cropland remaining Cropland 0.4 1.0 0.4 0.5
4.B.2. Land converted to cropland 633.9 698.0 762.1 826.2
4.B.2.a. Forest Land converted to cropland 263.8 275.8 287.8 299.9
4.B.2.b. Grassland converted to cropland 366.2 414.4 462.5 510.7
4.B.2.c. Wetland converted to cropland 3.9 7.9 11.8 15.7
4.B.2.d. Settlements converted to cropland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.B.2.e. Other Land converted to cropland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.C. Grassland 6,623.1 6,608.2 6,588.6 6,573.3
4.C.1. Grassland remaining Grassland 2.5 5.0 2.9 5.0
4.C.2. Land converted to grassland 6,620.6 6,603.2 6,585.7 6,568.3
4.C.2.a. Forest Land converted to grassland 6,376.1 6,376.1 6,376.1 6,376.1
4.C.2.b. Cropland converted to grassland 244.6 227.1 209.7 192.2
4.C.2.c. Wetland converted to grassland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.C.2.d. Settlements converted to grassland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.C.2.e. Other Land converted to grassland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.D. Wetland 116.7 116.7 116.7 116.7
4.D.1. Wetland remaining Wetland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.D.2. Land converted to wetland 116.7 116.7 116.7 116.7
4.D.2.a. Forest Land converted to wetland 85.9 85.9 85.9 85.9
4.D.2.b. Cropland converted to wetland 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0
4.D.2.c. Grassland converted to wetland 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8
4.D.2.d. Settlements converted to wetland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.D.2.e. Other Land converted to wetland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.E. Settlements 272.0 280.6 289.2 297.8
4.E.1. Settlements remaining Settlements 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.E.2. Land converted to Settlements 272.0 280.6 289.2 297.8
4.E.2.a. Forest Land converted to Settlements 52.7 53.7 54.7 55.7
4.E.2.b. Cropland converted to Settlements 182.5 187.0 191.4 195.9
4.E.2.c. Grassland converted to Settlements 36.7 39.7 42.8 45.8
4.E.2.d. Wetland converted to Settlements 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5
4.E.2.e. Other Land converted to Settlements 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.F. Other Land 342.4 353.3 364.2 375.2
4.F.1. Other land remaining Other Land 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.F.2. Land converted to other land 342.4 353.3 364.2 375.2
4.F.2.a. Forest Land converted to other land 332.7 340.0 347.3 354.6
4.F.2.b. Cropland converted to other land 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.F.2.c. Grassland converted to other land 9.6 13.3 16.9 20.6
4.F.2.d. Wetland converted to other land 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.F.2.e. Settlements converted to other land 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.G. Harvested wood products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.H. Other (please specify) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
-14,852.0 -15,176.4 -14,532.9 -14,403.0 -14,290.2 -14,195.2 -13,633.2 -13,643.0 -13,972.9 -12,367.3
-117.1 -122.4 -119.0 -121.5 -122.6 -121.2 -119.0 -119.5 -112.0 -99.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-117.1 -122.4 -119.0 -121.5 -122.6 -121.2 -119.0 -119.5 -112.0 -99.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
890.8 954.9 1,019.1 1,083.2 1,147.1 1,211.9 1,275.2 1,339.3 1,319.4 1,364.2
0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.1
890.3 954.4 1,018.5 1,082.6 1,146.7 1,210.8 1,274.9 1,339.0 1,318.3 1,364.1
311.9 323.9 335.9 348.0 360.0 372.0 384.0 396.0 436.1 446.0
558.8 607.0 655.1 703.3 751.4 799.5 847.7 895.8 833.8 868.3
19.6 23.6 27.5 31.4 35.4 39.3 43.2 47.2 48.5 49.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6,557.9 6,536.0 6,519.3 6,502.3 6,499.8 6,472.9 6,447.9 6,429.7 2,595.7 2,585.4
7.0 2.6 3.3 3.8 5.1 7.8 1.8 1.0 5.4 4.4
6,550.8 6,533.4 6,515.9 6,498.5 6,494.7 6,465.1 6,446.1 6,428.7 2,590.3 2,581.0
6,376.1 6,376.1 6,376.1 6,376.1 6,389.8 6,377.6 6,376.1 6,376.1 2,660.9 2,660.9
174.8 157.3 139.9 122.4 105.0 87.5 70.1 52.6 -70,7 -79,9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
116.7 116.7 116.7 116.7 116.7 116.7 116.7 116.7 40.5 40.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
116.7 116.7 116.7 116.7 116.7 116.7 116.7 116.7 40.5 40.5
85.9 85.9 85.9 85.9 85.9 85.9 85.9 85.9 28.4 28.4
14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 7.2 7.2
16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 16.8 4.9 4.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
306.4 315.0 323.6 332.2 340.8 349.4 358.0 366.6 326.0 333.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
306.4 315.0 323.6 332.2 340.8 349.4 358.0 366.6 326.0 333.2
56.7 57.7 58.7 59.7 60.7 61.7 62.7 63.7 83.9 85.1
200.3 204.8 209.2 213.7 218.1 222.5 227.0 231.4 165.2 167.9
48.8 51.8 54.8 57.9 60.9 63.9 66.9 70.0 75.3 78.6
0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
386.1 397.0 408.0 418.9 443.7 440.8 451.7 462.7 504.5 513.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
386.1 397.0 408.0 418.9 443.7 440.8 451.7 462.7 504.5 513.6
361.9 369.2 376.5 383.8 404.9 398.3 405.6 412.9 457.8 465.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
24.2 27.9 31.5 35.2 38.8 42.5 46.1 49.8 46.7 47.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5. Waste 2,969.3 3,031.7 3,110.0 3,163.8
5.A. Solid waste disposal 2,288.7 2,336.8 2,386.2 2,439.0
5.A.1. Managed waste disposal sites 0.5 0.5 0.5 735.5
5.A.2. Unmanaged waste disposal sites 507.4 496.3 430.3 429.3
5.A.3. Uncategorized waste disposal sites 1,780.8 1,840.0 1,955.5 1,274.2
5.B. Biological treatment of solid waste 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0
5.C. Incineration and open burning of waste 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5.C.1. Waste Incineration 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5.C.2. Open Burning of Waste 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5.D. Wastewater Treatment and discharge 663.6 677.9 706.7 707.8
5.D.1. Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Discharge 596.2 601.5 615.1 611.3
5.D.2. Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Discharge 67.4 76.4 91.6 96.5
5.E. Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Anx. Memo items
Anx.1. International bunker 932.7 1,205.8 1,248.1 1,374.3
Anx.1.a. International Aviation 337.5 560.3 573.7 596.3
Anx.1.b. International Navigation 595.2 645.5 674.4 778.0
Anx.2. Multilateral Operations 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anx.3. CO2 emissions from biomass 12,001.1 13,238.2 14,697.1 13,579.4

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
3,257.1 3,391.3 3,500.2 3,580.9 3,643.7 3,723.5 3,822.4 4,205.7 4,661.4 4,846.6
2,527.1 2,616.2 2,704.9 2,795.8 2,889.1 2,981.0 3,071.7 3,162.4 3,252.4 3,389.9
770.4 805.3 888.0 987.2 1,025.1 1,062.5 1,106.6 1,181.7 2,071.0 2,311.4
374.5 372.7 345.4 348.6 355.4 364.3 347.4 343.9 244.7 239.6
1,382.1 1,438.3 1,471.5 1,460.0 1,508.6 1,554.2 1,617.7 1,636.8 936.7 838.9
17.0 17.0 17.0 19.3 19.3 19.3 20.4 23.1 35.5 35.5
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
713.0 758.1 778.1 765.7 735.2 723.1 730.3 1,020.0 1,373.4 1,421.1
603.4 618.5 632.2 608.5 586.5 588.1 585.4 758.8 1,120.0 1,146.3
109.6 139.5 145.9 157.2 148.7 135.0 144.9 261.2 253.4 274.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1,731.6 1,827.1 1,532.3 1,959.5 2,402.8 2,483.0 3,111.3 3,327.7 3,661.3 3,982.8
661.2 646.9 647.5 749.1 1,076.4 1,105.7 1,055.4 1,056.0 1,200.5 1,081.2
1,070.4 1,180.2 884.8 1,210.4 1,326.4 1,377.4 2,056.0 2,271.7 2,460.9 2,901.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
14,268.6 15,280.7 16,382.4 16,309.1 17,506.3 18,142.4 18,952.6 18,915.9 19,216.5 18,154.8

Table A. 16. GHG emissions and removals (kt CO2 eq), series 2004-2016
All national emissions and removals 15,739.4 18,234.0 15,630.4 37,556.9
1. Energy 56,472.0 57,958.9 58,805.0 68,348.7
1.1A. Fuel combustion activities (reference approach) 53,367.9 55,718.9 55,449.8 63,664.7
1.A. Fuel combustion activities (sectorial approach) 55,014.6 56,472.7 57,409.7 67,207.3
1.A.1. Energy industries 19,636.5 18,955.2 19,789.5 26,632.8
1.A.1.a. Main Activity Electricity and heat production 16,080.9 15,429.9 16,327.6 23,969.4
1.A.1.a.i. Electricity Generation 16,080.9 15,429.9 16,327.6 23,969.4
1.A.1.a.ii. Combined heat and power generation (CHP) - - - -
1.A.1.a.iii. Heat plants - - - -
1.A.1.b. Petroleum Refining 2,475.0 2,506.6 2,437.3 1,675.1
1.A.1.c. Manufactur of solid fuels and other energy industries 1,080.6 1,018.7 1,024.6 988.3
1.A.1.c.i. Manufacture of solid fuels 1,077.8 1,017.7 1,023.3 985.0
1.A.1.c.ii. Other energy industries 2.8 1.0 1.3 3.3
1.A.2. Manufacturing industries and construction 12,172.1 12,969.2 13,543.8 14,543.7
1.A.2.a. Iron and steel 1,290.7 1,452.2 1,485.7 1,523.9
1.A.2.b. Non-ferrous metals - - - -
1.A.2.c. Chemical 354.7 1,258.5 586.7 272.3
1.A.2.d. Pulp, paper and print 760.7 828.6 1,011.5 1,234.1
1.A.2.e. Food processing, beverages and tobacco 393.2 415.4 361.9 324.5
1.A.2.f. Non-metallic minerals 961.2 867.5 869.6 960.2
1.A.2.g. Transport equipment - - - -
1.A.2.h. Machinery - - - -
1.A.2.i. Mining (excluding fuel) and quarrying 4,215.9 4,459.7 4,837.7 5,134.1
1.A.2.j. Wood and wood products - - - -
1.A.2.k. Construction - - - -
1.A.2.l. Textiles and leather - - - -
1.A.2.m. Non-specified industry 4,195.7 3,687.2 4,390.8 5,094.7
1.A.3. Transport 17,338.9 19,096.9 18,707.4 20,273.5
1.A.3.a. Civil aviation 702.6 949.0 886.8 980.8
1.A.3.a.i. International aviation (international Bunkers)
1.A.3.a.ii. Domestic aviation 702.6 949.0 886.8 980.8
1.A.3.b. Road Transportation 14,581.7 15,740.3 15,683.1 16,767.2
1.A.3.b.i. Cars 3,911.1 4,004.5 3,957.8 4,184.9
1.A.3.b.i.1. Passenger cars with 3- way catalysts 2,440.5 2,677.5 2,857.6 3,255.7
1.A.3.b.i.2. Passenger cars without 3-way catalysts 1,470.6 1,327.0 1,100.2 929.3
1.A.3.b.ii. Light-duty trucks 2,730.1 2,787.5 2,722.5 2,857.2
1.A.3.b.ii.1. Light duty trucks with 3-way catalysts 1,595.1 1,783.6 1,896.4 2,153.8
1.A.3.b.ii.2. Light duty trucks without 3-way catalysts 1,135.0 1,004.0 826.1 703.4
1.A.3.b.iii. Heavy-duty trucks and buses 7,926.2 8,932.2 8,981.5 9,692.2
1.A.3.b.iv. Motorcycles 14.3 16.0 21.3 32.8
1.A.3.b.v. Evaporative emissions from vehicles - - - -
1.A.3.b.vi. Urea-based catalysts - - - -
1.A.3.c. Railways 62.8 59.8 64.9 68.6
1.A.3.d. Water-borne Navigation 1,419.2 1,763.3 1,545.3 1,942.7
1.A.3.d.i. International waterborne navigation (International bunkers)
1.A.3.d.ii. Domestic water-borne Navigation 1,419.2 1,763.3 1,545.3 1,942.7
1.A.3.e. Other transportation 572.6 584.6 527.2 514.2
1.A.3.e.i. Pipeline transport - - - -
1.A.3.e.ii. Off-road 572.6 584.6 527.2 514.2
1.A.4. Other sectors 5,867.1 5,451.3 5,369.1 5,757.2
1.A.4.a. Commercial / Institutional 954.6 841.9 874.9 1,014.2
1.A.4.b. Residential 4,197.9 4,107.2 4,149.6 4,406.7

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
36,246.8 28,347.6 20,252.9 34,756.8 43,568.8 32,946.2 46,552.0 64,530.1 46,184.4
69,661.4 67,513.6 68,945.1 76,700.1 80,830.9 80,524.6 78,220.2 84,974.1 87,135.2
66,992.6 63,823.0 66,079.5 76,091.9 79,668.1 78,615.3 77,578.6 80,085.8 84,570.0
68,627.2 66,280.9 67,733.7 75,569.7 79,775.1 79,474.1 77,240.0 84,019.0 86,133.5
27,161.8 25,510.5 25,809.8 31,940.0 34,173.5 33,097.1 30,196.9 34,500.0 35,711.1
24,452.4 22,799.9 24,028.5 29,759.3 32,176.5 30,080.9 28,275.4 32,752.1 34,579.6
24,452.4 22,799.9 24,028.5 29,759.3 32,176.5 30,080.9 28,275.4 32,752.1 34,579.6
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
1,698.8 1,776.5 1,129.7 1,200.1 1,065.8 2,123.5 1,030.4 931.6 366.1
1,010.6 934.2 651.6 980.5 931.2 892.7 891.1 816.2 765.3
1,010.6 933.9 651.6 980.5 931.2 892.7 800.8 816.0 765.3
- 0.3 - - - - 90.3 0.3 -
14,223.5 13,323.7 13,844.3 13,651.2 15,491.4 14,548.5 17,382.7 16,902.0 16,129.2
1,435.2 1,303.3 215.3 592.7 849.8 258.7 271.2 258.7 272.1
- - - - - - - - -
204.9 183.0 481.3 428.3 823.1 797.2 1,363.9 893.1 337.1
1,062.4 1,205.8 808.7 776.6 1,776.3 1,442.5 1,774.5 1,375.8 1,543.1
241.7 168.2 263.9 393.4 318.7 286.0 292.3 294.0 328.3
1,105.5 1,114.3 985.9 876.7 957.5 1,054.5 892.5 911.5 985.6
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
5,183.3 5,648.1 8,059.3 6,438.1 5,854.7 5,923.9 7,149.0 7,823.6 7,967.0
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
4,990.5 3,701.0 3,029.9 4,145.5 4,911.3 4,785.7 5,639.2 5,345.3 4,696.0
21,227.9 21,229.6 20,912.4 21,816.4 22,825.1 24,818.4 23,541.4 25,475.9 26,936.2
1,308.0 899.6 789.6 805.7 1,457.3 1,323.4 1,265.2 1,864.9 1,674.5
1,308.0 899.6 789.6 805.7 1,457.3 1,323.4 1,265.2 1,864.9 1,674.5

17,395.2 18,036.3 18,710.4 19,662.4 20,106.9 21,756.9 20,530.5 22,256.5 23,611.4
4,316.2 4,762.1 5,733.9 5,637.8 6,124.2 6,856.4 7,343.2 7,638.0 8,289.7
3,606.0 4,097.9 5,058.5 5,082.6 5,622.2 6,389.1 6,929.1 7,281.5 7,968.3
710.2 664.2 675.3 555.2 502.0 467.3 414.2 356.5 321.4
2,951.8 3,133.8 4,057.2 4,216.9 4,456.0 4,829.6 4,624.3 5,042.1 5,441.6
2,402.1 2,612.2 3,524.0 3,771.0 4,040.4 4,428.2 4,253.6 4,705.7 5,121.9
549.7 521.7 533.2 445.9 415.6 401.5 370.7 336.5 319.7
10,083.9 10,089.7 8,860.7 9,750.1 9,458.6 9,992.4 8,473.3 9,485.3 9,784.8
43.4 50.6 58.7 57.5 68.1 78.4 89.7 91.1 95.2
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
159.8 153.7 152.6 158.2 159.8 155.2 199.4 112.9 153.4
1,882.1 1,571.4 434.4 621.9 467.7 889.2 797.2 505.3 745.0
1,882.1 1,571.4 434.4 621.9 467.7 889.2 797.2 505.3 745.0

482.8 568.7 825.4 568.3 633.5 693.7 749.0 736.3 752.0
- - - - - - - - -
482.8 568.7 825.4 568.3 633.5 693.7 749.0 736.3 752.0
6,014.0 6,217.2 7,167.2 8,162.1 7,285.0 7,010.1 6,119.0 7,141.1 7,357.0
1,329.5 1,272.8 1,681.3 2,292.6 1,777.3 1,420.0 1,506.2 1,619.5 2,188.7
4,194.8 4,396.8 4,555.3 4,633.8 4,711.9 4,875.1 3,969.5 4,791.1 4,286.8

1.A.4.c. Agriculture / Forestry / Fishing / Fish Farms 714.7 502.2 344.5 336.3
1.A.4.c.i. Stationary - - - -
1.A.4.c.ii. Off-road Vehicles and Other Machinery 14.7 16.6 17.0 18.4
1.A.4.c.iii. Fishing (mobile combustion) 699.9 485.5 327.5 317.8
1.A.5. Non-specified - - - -
1.A.5.a. Stationary - - - -
1.A.5.b. Mobile - - - -
1.A.5.b.i. Mobile (aviation component) - - - -
1.A.5.b.ii. Mobile (waterborne component) - - - -
1.A.5.b.iii. Mobile (other) - - - -
1.A.5.c. Multilateral operations (Information item)
1.B. Fugitive emissions from fuels 1,457.4 1,486.2 1,395.3 1,141.4
1.B.1. Solid fuels 50.3 60.3 46.4 65.5
1.B.1.a. Coal mining and handling 50.3 60.3 46.4 65.5
1.B.1.a.i. Underground mines 48.1 47.4 33.9 63.2
1.B.1.a.i.1. Mining 42.3 41.6 29.7 55.5
1.B.1.a.i.2. Post-mining seam gas emissions 5.9 5.8 4.1 7.7
1.B.1.a.i.3. Abandoned underground mines - - - -
1.B.1.a.i.4. Flaring of drained methane or conversion ofmethane to CO2 - - - -
1.B.1.a.ii. Surface Mines 2.1 12.9 12.5 2.3
1.B.1.a.ii.1. Mining 2.0 11.9 11.6 2.1
1.B.1.a.ii.2. Post-mining seam gas emissions 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.2
1.B.1.b. Uncontrolled combustion and burning coal dumps - - - -
1.B.1.c. Other - - - -
1.B.2. Oil and natural gas 1,407.1 1,425.8 1,348.9 1,075.9
1.B.2.a. Oil 162.7 152.7 135.7 119.1
1.B.2.a.i. Venting 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.B.2.a.ii. Flaring - - - -
1.B.2.a.iii. All other 162.6 152.7 135.7 119.1
1.B.2.a.iii.1. Exploration - - - -
1.B.2.a.iii.2. Production and Upgrading 154.4 144.4 127.1 111.3
1.B.2.a.iii.3. Transport 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5
1.B.2.a.iii.4. Refining 6.6 6.6 6.9 6.2
1.B.2.a.iii.5. Distribution of oil products - - - -
1.B.2.a.iii.6. Other - - - -
1.B.2.b. Natural Gas 1,244.5 1,273.1 1,213.2 956.8
1.B.2.b.i. Venting 20.6 10.4 21.6 20.2
1.B.2.b.ii. Flaring - - - -
1.B.2.b.iii. All other 1,223.8 1,262.6 1,191.6 936.6
1.B.2.b.iii.1. Exploration - - - -
1.B.2.b.iii.2. Production 641.5 699.3 670.3 629.3
1.B.2.b.iii.3. Processing 54.3 52.6 48.6 28.7
1.B.2.b.iii.4. Transmission and storage 137.2 132.7 122.8 72.4
1.B.2.b.iii.5. Distribution 390.8 378.1 349.9 206.2
1.B.2.b.iii.6. Other - - - -
1.B.3. Other emissions from Energy Production - - - -
1.C. Carbon dioxide Transport and storage
- - - -
1.C.1. Transport of CO2
- - - -
1.C.1.a. Pipelines - - - -
1.C.1.b. Ships - - - -
1.C.1.c. Other (please specify) - - - -
1.C.2. Injections and storage - - - -
1.C.2.a. Injection - - - -

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
489.7 547.6 930.6 1,235.7 795.8 715.1 643.3 730.4 881.5
- - - - - - - - -
19.9 21.2 20.5 22.5 21.9 23.2 32.1 36.8 35.2
469.7 526.4 910.1 1,213.3 773.9 691.8 611.2 693.6 846.3
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
1,034.2 1,232.7 1,211.5 1,130.4 1,055.8 1,050.5 980.2 955.2 1,001.6

79.9 51.9 47.6 56.5 60.9 109.6 153.4 119.3 91.9
79.9 51.9 47.6 56.5 60.9 109.6 153.4 119.3 91.9
72.9 40.6 36.4 45.1 48.5 49.6 66.9 53.9 39.4
64.0 35.7 32.0 39.6 42.5 43.5 58.7 47.3 34.6
8.9 5.0 4.4 5.5 5.9 6.0 8.2 6.6 4.8
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
7.0 11.3 11.2 11.4 12.4 60.1 86.5 65.4 52.5
6.5 10.4 10.3 10.5 11.5 55.4 79.9 60.4 48.4
0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 4.6 6.7 5.0 4.0
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
954.3 1,180.8 1,163.9 1,073.9 994.9 940.9 826.8 835.8 909.7
123.6 170.6 195.9 215.4 279.5 308.5 306.1 222.9 187.2
0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
- - - - - - - - -
123.5 170.5 195.9 215.3 279.4 308.4 306.0 222.8 187.1
- - - - - - - - -
115.5 162.7 189.3 208.3 272.6 301.2 298.7 216.0 180.4
1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3
6.5 6.3 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.4
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
830.7 1,010.2 968.0 858.5 715.4 632.3 520.7 613.0 722.5
9.6 24.7 19.1 15.5 12.1 9.5 7.7 7.7 7.7
- - - - - - - - -
821.1 985.4 948.9 843.0 703.3 622.9 513.0 605.2 714.7
- - - - - - - - -
642.8 769.2 593.9 482.0 375.5 294.3 240.9 306.8 367.2
16.6 20.2 33.1 33.7 30.6 30.7 25.4 27.8 32.4
42.0 50.9 83.6 85.0 77.2 77.4 64.1 70.3 81.9
119.7 145.2 238.3 242.3 220.0 220.5 182.6 200.3 233.2
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -

1.C.2.b. Storage - - - -
1.C.3. Other - - - -
2. Industrial processes and product use 7,067.5 7,236.2 7,643.1 6,352.8
2.A. Minerals industry 1,597.8 1,613.4 1,703.4 1,856.8
2.A.1. Cement Production 1,214.9 1,172.6 1,258.6 1,340.1
2.A.2. Lime production 316.5 373.1 371.3 416.3
2.A.3. Glass Productio 66.4 67.7 73.5 100.4
2.A.4. Other Process Uses of Carbonates - - - -
2.A.4.a. Ceramics - - - -
2.A.4.b. Other uses of soda ash - - - -
2.A.4.c. Non Metallurgical Magnesia Production - - - -
2.A.4.d. Other (specify) - - - -
2.A.5. Other (please specify) - - - -
2.B. Chemical industry 2,790.9 3,075.1 3,197.1 1,740.4
2.B.1. Ammonia Production - - - -
2.B.2. Nitric acid production 811.4 856.8 873.5 374.5
2.B.3. Adipic acid Production - - - -
2.B.4. Caprolactam, Glyoxal and Glyoxylic Acid Production - - - -
2.B.5. Carbide Production - - - -
2.B.6. Titanium dioxide production - - - -
2.B.7. Soda ash production - - - -
2.B.8. Petrochemical and carbon black production 1,979.5 2,218.3 2,323.6 1,365.9
2.B.8.a. Methanol 1,921.1 2,161.3 2,270.8 1,314.0
2.B.8.b. Ethylene 58.5 57.0 52.8 51.9
2.B.8.c. Ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride monomer - - - -
2.B.8.d. Ethylene oxide - - - -
2.B.8.e. Acrylonitrile - - - -
2.B.8.f. Carbon Black - - - -
2.B.9. Fluorchemical production - - - -
2.B.9.a. By-product Emissions - - - -
2.B.9.b. Fugitive Emissions - - - -
2.B.10. Other (specify) - - - -
2.C. Metals industry 2,211.2 2,046.2 2,126.2 2,026.4
2.C.1. Iron and Steel Production 2,211.2 2,046.0 2,126.1 2,026.2
2.C.2. Ferroalloys Production - 0.2 0.1 0.3
2.C.3. Aluminium Production - - - -
2.C.4. Magnesium Production - - - -
2.C.5. Lead Production - - - -
2.C.6. Zinc Production - - - -
2.C.7. Other (specify) - - - -
2.D. Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use 99.2 108.3 106.5 101.9
2.D.1. Lubricant Use 88.9 96.9 96.6 92.7
2.D.2. Paraffin Wax Use 10.2 11.4 9.9 9.2
2.D.3. Solvent Use - - - -
2.D.4. Other (specify) - - - -
2.E. Electronics industry - - - -
2.E.1. Integrated circuits or semiconductors - - - -
2.E.2. TFT Flat Panel Display - - - -
2.E.3. Photovoltaics - - - -
2.E.4. Heat Transfer fluids - - - -
2.E.5. Other (specify) - - - -
2.F. Product uses as substitutes for ozone depleting substances 245.9 279.8 380.3 482.1
2.F.1. Refrigeration and air conditioning 235.7 259.5 357.4 459.4

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
6,073.2 5,463.2 5,492.4 6,335.9 6,689.1 6,142.4 6,231.2 6,583.2 6,938.9
1,826.4 1,556.2 1,551.1 1,619.7 1,709.0 1,559.8 1,527.2 1,503.4 1,601.7
1,330.9 1,100.0 1,065.3 1,099.5 1,147.7 966.4 870.9 841.9 882.0
396.5 371.2 412.4 432.9 476.6 498.7 560.7 564.8 616.7
99.0 85.0 73.4 87.3 84.7 94.6 95.7 96.7 103.0
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
1,229.2 1,138.0 1,206.3 932.5 913.2 762.8 696.9 712.2 738.3
- - - - - - - - -
401.9 413.0 504.0 486.4 594.7 541.3 528.2 538.7 452.2
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
827.4 725.0 702.3 446.0 318.5 221.5 168.8 173.5 286.1
776.3 672.1 667.6 395.2 223.9 145.4 118.0 145.5 281.6
51.1 52.9 34.7 50.8 94.7 76.1 50.8 27.9 4.5
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
1,947.2 1,701.9 1,251.4 2,092.0 2,062.9 1,577.4 1,293.2 1,392.9 1,327.6
1,947.1 1,701.9 1,251.2 2,092.0 2,062.8 1,577.4 1,293.2 1,392.9 1,327.6
0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
247.9 140.9 241.0 128.9 188.0 142.0 146.2 145.2 129.9
238.7 134.2 231.8 119.9 179.3 130.3 136.2 134.4 119.9
9.2 6.7 9.3 9.0 8.7 11.7 10.0 10.7 10.0
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
643.5 757.5 1,000.0 1,318.0 1,582.8 1,866.5 2,334.7 2,587.2 2,869.1
610.7 706.9 931.8 1,238.8 1,495.3 1,760.3 2,192.5 2,435.2 2,753.2

2.F.1.a. Refrigeration and stationary air conditioning 235.7 259.5 357.4 459.4
2.F.1.b. Mobile air conditioning - - - -
2.F.2. Foam Blowing Agents 4.0 13.0 12.8 9.7
2.F.3. Fire protection 4.7 5.6 7.1 8.6
2.F.4. Aerosols - 0.1 0.1 -
2.F.5. Solvents 1.3 1.4 2.7 4.1
2.F.6. Other applications (specify) 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
2.G. Other Product Manufacture and Use 122.5 113.3 129.7 145.2
2.G.1. Electrical equipment 122.5 113.3 129.7 145.2
2.G.1.a. Manufacture of electrical equipment 14.2 0.6 16.8 27.1
2.G.1.b. Use of electrical equipment 108.3 112.7 112.9 118.1
2.G.1.c. Disposal of Electrical Equipment - - - -
2.G.2. SF6 and PFC from other product uses - - - -
2.G.2.a. Military applications - - - -
2.G.2.b. Accelerators - - - -
2.G.2.c. Other (specify) - - - -
2.G.3. N2O of product uses - - - -
2.G.3.a. Medical applications - - - -
2.G.3.b. Propellant for pressurized products and aerosol products - - - -
2.G.3.c. Other (specify) - - - -
2.G.4. Other (specify) - - - -
2.H. Other - - - -
2.H.1. Pulp and paper industry - - - -
2.H.2. Food And Beverages industry - - - -
2.H.3. Other (specify) - - - -
3. Agriculture 14,104.9 13,906.7 14,074.6 14,212.7
3.A. Enteric fermentation 6,084.1 6,045.7 6,017.0 5,971.8
3.A.1. Cattle 5,229.0 5,184.1 5,145.4 5,098.8
3.A.1.a. Dairy cows 1,062.5 1,047.3 1,038.8 1,022.7
3.A.1.b. Other cattle 4,166.5 4,136.8 4,106.6 4,076.1
3.A.1.b.i. Beef Cows 1,268.4 1,265.4 1,262.3 1,259.2
3.A.1.b.ii. Heifers 954.6 947.6 940.4 933.1
3.A.1.b.iii. Adult meat (>2 years heifer, bulls and stud bull, oxen) 429.7 414.6 399.4 384.2
3.A.1.b.iv. Young meat (1-2 year heifer) 650.8 645.8 640.6 635.4
3.A.1.b.v. Calves 863.1 863.4 863.8 864.2
3.A.2. Sheep 479.4 481.6 483.8 486.1
3.A.3. Swine 97.3 106.6 119.3 123.5
3.A.3.a. Pigs 13.0 14.2 15.9 16.5
3.A.3.b. Male pigs 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
3.A.3.c. Juvenile 84.1 92.1 103.0 106.6
3.A.4. Other species 278.3 273.4 268.4 263.5
3.A.4.a. Buffalo - - - -
3.A.4.b. Goat 92.3 92.3 92.4 92.4
3.A.4.c. Horses 157.1 152.8 148.6 144.3
3.A.4.d. Mules and donkeys 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.7
3.A.4.e. Poultry - - - -
3.A.4.f. Camels (Llamas and alpacas) 18.6 17.7 16.8 15.9
3.A.4.g. Other 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2
3.A.4.g.i. Deer 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.0
3.A.4.g.ii. Warthog 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
3.B. Manure management 2,059.8 2,155.7 2,251.8 2,340.8
3.B.1. Cattle 1,005.5 990.0 975.0 959.1
3.B.1.a. Dairy cows 143.9 139.5 135.8 131.2

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
610.7 706.9 931.8 1,238.8 1,495.3 1,760.3 2,192.5 2,435.2 2,753.2
- - - - - - - - -
8.2 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.3 12.9 11.9 21.9 25.5
10.7 13.9 16.5 22.4 27.4 29.1 36.0 45.3 56.5
8.9 19.6 30.7 35.7 35.4 43.1 72.8 60.7 15.6
4.6 8.2 11.7 10.8 12.2 14.7 13.2 14.9 11.2
0.4 0.6 1.0 2.0 4.2 6.4 8.3 9.2 7.1
178.9 168.7 242.7 244.8 233.1 233.8 232.9 242.3 272.3
178.9 168.7 242.7 244.8 233.1 233.8 232.9 242.3 272.3
52.3 25.9 54.0 34.7 16.5 16.5 14.8 24.0 50.9
126.5 142.8 150.8 164.0 170.4 171.1 171.9 172.1 175.2
- - 37.9 46.2 46.2 46.2 46.2 46.2 46.2
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
13,983.4 13,541.0 13,244.1 12,582.8 12,679.5 12,848.4 12,419.1 12,210.6 11,801.6
5,740.4 5,466.5 5,250.4 5,012.8 5,164.4 5,292.1 5,064.1 4,833.5 4,682.0
4,884.0 4,626.8 4,423.7 4,206.8 4,370.6 4,535.0 4,350.9 4,150.6 4,022.0
1,011.1 957.8 959.1 947.2 994.8 1,043.3 988.9 917.6 895.4
3,872.9 3,669.1 3,464.6 3,259.6 3,375.8 3,491.7 3,362.0 3,233.0 3,126.6
1,195.3 1,132.0 1,069.3 1,007.2 1,070.3 1,132.7 1,053.6 975.1 941.0
904.0 874.5 844.5 814.1 845.1 876.5 862.5 848.3 836.7
345.3 306.1 266.8 227.4 237.0 246.7 239.4 232.2 212.8
600.0 564.2 527.8 490.8 493.3 495.9 514.4 533.2 519.5
828.2 792.2 756.2 720.1 730.1 740.0 692.1 644.2 616.6
475.2 464.4 453.6 444.2 434.7 425.3 398.4 371.5 357.1
120.0 116.3 116.5 120.6 133.3 119.4 110.8 115.5 114.5
16.0 15.5 15.5 16.1 17.8 15.9 14.8 15.4 15.3
0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3
103.6 100.4 100.6 104.1 115.2 103.1 95.7 99.8 98.9
261.2 258.9 256.6 241.2 225.7 212.4 204.1 195.9 188.3
- - - - - - - - -
95.4 98.3 101.3 91.2 81.0 70.8 67.1 63.3 59.6
140.1 135.8 131.6 127.4 123.1 118.9 114.6 110.4 106.1
5.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.0
- - - - - - - - -
15.0 14.1 13.2 12.3 11.4 12.5 12.3 12.3 12.6
5.3 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9
5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
2,253.5 2,160.7 2,112.9 2,101.5 2,252.8 2,147.9 2,031.3 2,057.4 2,022.1
910.4 857.5 809.8 760.8 787.7 812.7 786.0 757.9 732.1
128.4 121.4 119.8 116.8 121.3 124.1 117.6 109.6 106.3

3.B.1.b. Other cattle 861.6 850.5 839.3 827.9
3.B.1.b.i. Beef Cows 270.7 269.6 268.5 267.4
3.B.1.b.ii. Heifers 215.0 213.2 211.4 209.6
3.B.1.b.iii. Adult meat (>2 year heifer, bulls and stud bulls, oxen) 148.4 142.1 135.7 129.3
3.B.1.b.iv. Young meat (1-2 year heifer) 169.8 167.8 165.8 163.8
3.B.1.b.v. Calves 57.7 57.8 57.8 57.8
3.B.2. Sheep 14.4 14.4 14.5 14.6
3.B.3. Swine 830.8 937.2 1,040.7 1,142.3
3.B.3.a. Pigs 193.6 217.7 241.0 264.3
3.B.3.b. Male pigs 5.2 5.8 6.4 7.1
3.B.3.c. Juvenile 632.0 713.7 793.3 870.9
3.B.4. Other species 64.3 64.6 64.9 65.2
3.B.4.a. Buffalo - - - -
3.B.4.b. Goat 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1
3.B.4.c. Horses 14.3 13.9 13.5 13.2
3.B.4.d. Mules and donkeys 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5
3.B.4.e. Poultry 41.7 42.6 43.5 44.4
3.B.4.f. Camels (Llamas and alpacas) 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.8
3.B.4.g. Other 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
3.B.4.g.i. Deer 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1
3.B.4.g.ii. Warthog 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
3.B.5. Indirect Emissions of N2O resulting from manure management 144.8 149.5 156.7 159.7
3.B.5.a. Cattle 28.7 27.7 26.6 25.6
3.B.5.b. Sheep - - - -
3.B.5.c. Swine 47.3 51.6 58.4 61.0
3.B.5.d. Other Species 68.7 70.2 71.6 73.1
3.B.5.d.i. Buffalo - - - -
3.B.5.d.ii. Goat - - - -
3.B.5.d.iii. Horses - - - -
3.B.5.d.iv. Mules and donkeys - - - -
3.B.5.d.v. Poultry 68.7 70.2 71.6 73.1
3.B.5.d.vi. Camels (Llamas and alpacas) - - - -
3.B.5.d.vii. Other - - - -
3.C. Rice cultivation 125.4 126.1 140.9 109.6
3.C.1. Irrigated 125.4 126.1 140.9 109.6
3.C.2. Rain-fed - - - -
3.C.3. Deep Water - - - -
3.C.4. Other - - - -
3.D. Agricultural soils 5,313.4 5,129.4 5,203.7 5,348.5
3.D.1. Direct N2O emissions from managed soils 4,409.0 4,264.2 4,322.0 4,436.3
3.D.1.a. Inorganic N fertilizer 1,087.1 925.5 1,002.7 1,168.5
3.D.1.b. Organic N fertilizer 370.3 381.9 399.5 407.4
3.D.1.b.i. Animal manure applied to soils 370.3 381.9 399.5 407.4
3.D.1.b.ii. Sewage sludge applied to soils - - - -
3.D.1.b.iii. Other organic fertilizers applied to soils - - - -
3.D.1.c. Urine and dung deposited by grazing animals 2,479.5 2,460.2 2,434.1 2,409.2
3.D.1.d. Crop residues 472.1 482.2 479.0 442.2
Mineralization / immobilization associated loss / gain of soil
3.D.1.e. - - - -
organic matter
3.D.1.f. Cultivation of organic soils (histosols) - 14.5 6.6 8.9
3.D.1.g. Other - - - -
3.D.2. Indirect N2O emissions from managed soils 904.4 865.2 881.7 912.2

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
782.0 736.1 690.0 644.0 666.4 688.6 668.4 648.3 625.8
253.4 239.6 226.0 212.5 225.6 238.5 221.3 204.3 196.9
202.8 195.9 189.0 181.9 188.8 195.7 192.7 189.6 187.0
116.3 103.3 90.1 76.9 78.4 79.9 78.7 77.5 70.9
154.0 144.3 134.4 124.5 124.7 124.9 129.1 133.4 129.5
55.4 53.0 50.6 48.1 48.9 49.7 46.5 43.4 41.6
14.3 13.9 13.6 13.3 13.0 12.8 12.0 11.1 10.7
1,109.7 1,075.9 1,080.0 1,118.1 1,236.4 1,107.2 1,028.2 1,073.8 1,065.8
256.8 249.0 249.7 258.5 285.8 256.0 237.6 248.0 246.1
6.9 6.7 6.7 6.9 7.6 6.8 6.3 6.6 6.6
846.0 820.3 823.7 852.7 942.9 844.4 784.2 819.1 813.1
63.9 62.6 61.3 60.5 59.5 61.1 59.0 61.7 61.4
- - - - - - - - -
3.2 3.3 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.0
12.8 12.4 12.0 11.6 11.2 10.8 10.4 10.1 9.7
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
43.6 42.8 42.1 42.2 42.2 44.3 42.8 46.0 46.2
3.6 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
155.3 150.8 148.2 148.9 156.3 154.1 146.2 152.9 152.1
24.1 22.7 21.2 19.8 20.9 22.0 20.8 19.6 18.8
- - - - - - - - -
59.3 57.5 57.6 59.6 65.9 59.0 54.9 57.5 57.2
71.9 70.6 69.4 69.6 69.5 73.1 70.5 75.8 76.1
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
71.9 70.6 69.4 69.6 69.5 73.1 70.5 75.8 76.1
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
105.6 119.3 123.6 126.5 120.9 105.8 112.8 119.5 133.7
105.6 119.3 123.6 126.5 120.9 105.8 112.8 119.5 133.7
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
5,403.1 5,355.7 5,238.7 4,802.1 4,611.6 4,746.2 4,683.2 4,621.7 4,483.6
4,476.7 4,433.0 4,336.3 3,980.8 3,831.2 3,943.5 3,887.9 3,837.8 3,718.3
1,303.5 1,374.8 1,369.4 1,097.6 871.0 911.4 1,004.6 1,032.8 1,092.0
395.6 383.6 376.1 376.9 395.2 390.8 371.1 387.4 385.2
395.6 383.6 376.1 376.9 395.2 390.8 371.1 387.4 385.2
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
2,318.1 2,227.1 2,136.4 2,035.2 2,084.9 2,133.3 2,019.0 1,905.9 1,843.1
452.1 442.0 444.9 463.0 478.7 506.2 491.6 507.4 396.8
- - - - - - - - -
7.4 5.7 9.5 8.1 1.4 1.7 1.5 4.3 1.2
- - - - - - - - -
926.4 922.7 902.4 821.3 780.5 802.7 795.3 783.8 765.4

3.D.2.a. Atmospheric deposition 356.9 340.9 349.1 365.1
3.D.2.a.i Inorganic N fertilizer 108.3 92.1 99.8 116.5
3.D.2.a.ii. Organic N fertilizer 201.5 200.2 198.4 196.8
3.D.2.a.ii.1. Animal manure applied to soils 201.5 200.2 198.4 196.8
3.D.2.a.ii.2. Sewage sludge applied to soils - - - -
3.D.2.a.ii.3. Other organic fertilizers applied to soils - - - -
3.D.2.a.iii. Urine and dung deposited by grazing animals 47.1 48.6 50.8 51.9
3.D.2.b. Leaching and runoff 547.5 524.3 532.6 547.1
3.D.2.b.i. Inorganic N fertilizer 157.5 134.2 145.5 169.0
3.D.2.b.ii. Organic N fertilizer 297.6 296.4 295.0 293.7
3.D.2.b.ii.1. Animal manure applied to soils 297.6 296.4 295.0 293.7
3.D.2.b.ii.2. Sewage sludge applied to soils - - - -
3.D.2.b.ii.3. Other organic fertilizers applied to soils - - - -
3.D.2.b.iii. Urine and dung deposited by grazing animals 27.6 27.1 26.7 25.7
3.D.2.b.iv. Crop residues 64.8 66.5 65.4 58.6
Mineralization / immobilization associated loss / gain of soil
3.D.2.b.v. - 0.0 0.0 0.0
organic matter
3.E. Prescribed burning of savannahs - - - -
3.F. Field burning of agricultural residues 81.7 73.2 65.2 46.8
3.F.1. Cereals and other crops 53.4 46.1 39.4 22.5
3.F.2. Fruit 28.4 27.1 25.8 24.3
3.F.3. Other - - - -
3.G. Liming 89.1 81.3 83.9 86.4
3.G.1. Limestone 89.1 81.3 83.9 86.4
3.G.2. Dolomite - - - -
3.H. Urea Application 351.3 295.2 312.1 308.6
3.I. Other carbon-containing fertilizers - - - -
3.J. Other - - - -
4. Land use, land-use change and forestry - 66,866.3 - 66,096.3 - 69,921.3 - 56,095.4
4.A. Forest Land - 71,757.0 - 70,956.0 - 74,927.8 - 61,160.2
4.A.1. Forest land remaining forest land - 44,833.1 - 43,247.3 - 46,013.9 - 30,180.6
4.A.1.a. Annual biomass increase - 108,509.4 - 109,864.8 - 111,289.4 - 112,506.1
4.A.1.a.i. Native Forest - 80,619.5 - 80,776.9 - 80,891.6 - 80,956.0
4.A.1.a.i.1. Seedlings - 50,001.2 - 49,934.4 - 49,839.2 - 49,719.8
4.A.1.a.i.1.a. Larch - 30.6 - 30.6 - 30.5 - 30.5
4.A.1.a.i.1.b. Guaitecas cypress - 428.9 - 428.9 - 428.9 - 428.9
4.A.1.a.i.1.c. Araucaria - 467.2 - 465.8 - 464.6 - 463.3
4.A.1.a.i.1.d. Mountain Range cypress - 418.1 - 421.9 - 425.3 - 428.3
4.A.1.a.i.1.e. Chilean Palm - - - -
4.A.1.a.i.1.f. Lenga - 8,316.3 - 8,291.6 - 8,264.3 - 8,232.5
4.A.1.a.i.1.g. Coihue Magallanes - 3,290.9 - 3,307.9 - 3,329.2 - 3,351.9
4.A.1.a.i.1.h. Ro-Hualo - 1,494.7 - 1,512.4 - 1,528.6 - 1,543.9
4.A.1.a.i.1.i. RoRaCo - 19,987.9 - 19,907.0 - 19,800.0 - 19,676.2
4.A.1.a.i.1.j. CoRaTe - 2,413.4 - 2,419.8 - 2,425.6 - 2,428.5
4.A.1.a.i.1.k. Sclerophyll - 1,366.5 - 1,369.7 - 1,372.7 - 1,375.7
4.A.1.a.i.1.l. Evergreen - 11,786.6 - 11,778.8 - 11,769.4 - 11,760.1
4.A.1.a.i.2. Management Plans (Native Forest Law) - 10,358.9 - 10,550.5 - 10,727.8 - 10,868.9
4.A.1.a.i.2.a. Larch - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1
4.A.1.a.i.2.b. Guaitecas cypress - 13.7 - 13.7 - 13.7 - 13.7
4.A.1.a.i.2.c. Araucaria - 212.7 - 214.9 - 216.7 - 218.5

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
370.6 369.6 361.6 326.7 308.1 313.3 310.7 306.3 306.6
130.0 137.1 136.6 109.4 86.7 90.8 100.1 102.9 108.8
190.2 183.7 177.2 169.3 171.1 172.8 163.4 154.1 148.8
190.2 183.7 177.2 169.3 171.1 172.8 163.4 154.1 148.8
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
50.3 48.8 47.9 48.0 50.3 49.7 47.2 49.3 49.0
555.8 553.0 540.8 494.6 472.4 489.4 484.6 477.5 458.7
188.4 198.8 198.0 159.0 126.3 132.0 145.5 149.6 158.2
282.7 271.6 260.6 250.2 255.2 260.3 246.0 231.9 224.2
282.7 271.6 260.6 250.2 255.2 260.3 246.0 231.9 224.2
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
24.3 22.9 21.7 20.9 22.4 22.6 21.7 21.3 20.7
60.4 59.7 60.4 64.5 68.4 74.5 71.3 74.7 55.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
- - - - - - - - -
49.4 46.7 48.3 50.7 44.3 46.9 46.0 50.6 34.8
28.9 29.2 34.1 36.6 30.3 33.0 31.9 36.2 20.5
20.5 17.5 14.3 14.1 14.0 13.9 14.1 14.4 14.4
- - - - - - - - -
88.7 90.9 92.9 115.3 113.2 108.9 100.2 95.1 88.4
88.7 90.9 92.9 94.8 95.3 93.6 87.5 85.0 80.9
- - - 20.5 17.9 15.3 12.7 10.1 7.5
342.8 301.3 377.2 373.8 372.3 400.4 381.5 433.0 357.0
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- 58,011.6 - 62,534.9 - 71,930.9 - 65,516.1 - 61,431.2 - 71,887.5 - 55,722.4 - 44,972.4 - 65,492.3
- 62,375.1 - 66,782.1 - 76,160.8 - 69,732.4 - 65,641.2 - 76,076.4 - 59,907.0 - 49,144.0 - 69,646.6
- 30,990.3 - 34,482.9 - 44,987.6 - 39,030.1 - 35,047.0 - 45,725.7 - 31,052.5 - 23,165.3 - 43,305.4
- 113,738.6 - 115,355.5 - 117,436.7 - 120,241.9 - 121,785.4 - 123,513.7 - 125,183.5 - 127,773.3 - 128,475.3
- 81,111.7 - 81,088.9 - 81,052.7 - 81,041.1 - 81,018.1 - 81,038.7 - 81,057.5 - 81,118.0 - 81,194.1
- 49,651.8 - 49,530.2 - 49,405.6 - 49,272.4 - 49,127.3 - 48,984.5 - 48,840.0 - 48,693.2 - 48,536.1
- 30.5 - 30.5 - 30.4 - 30.4 - 30.4 - 30.3 - 30.3 - 30.3 - 30.3
- 428.9 - 428.9 - 428.9 - 428.9 - 428.9 - 428.9 - 428.9 - 428.9 - 428.9
- 461.3 - 459.6 - 457.5 - 455.5 - 453.3 - 451.1 - 449.1 - 447.1 - 445.0
- 431.3 - 434.0 - 436.2 - 438.1 - 439.8 - 441.5 - 442.8 - 443.9 - 444.6
- - - - - - - - -
- 8,199.7 - 8,164.4 - 8,127.5 - 8,090.4 - 8,052.7 - 8,014.4 - 7,975.3 - 7,936.2 - 7,897.6
- 3,400.8 - 3,400.8 - 3,400.1 - 3,397.8 - 3,394.5 - 3,390.4 - 3,385.4 - 3,379.9 - 3,372.8
- 1,559.9 - 1,577.1 - 1,593.1 - 1,607.4 - 1,620.9 - 1,632.2 - 1,641.2 - 1,648.9 - 1,655.4
- 19,577.6 - 19,477.6 - 19,380.4 - 19,280.2 - 19,172.4 - 19,072.1 - 18,974.6 - 18,878.4 - 18,774.1
- 2,432.1 - 2,435.2 - 2,437.7 - 2,438.6 - 2,438.3 - 2,437.1 - 2,435.7 - 2,433.4 - 2,431.3
- 1,379.1 - 1,382.7 - 1,385.9 - 1,388.6 - 1,391.3 - 1,393.7 - 1,395.6 - 1,396.9 - 1,398.6
- 11,750.6 - 11,739.5 - 11,728.0 - 11,716.6 - 11,704.9 - 11,692.9 - 11,681.1 - 11,669.3 - 11,657.5
- 11,022.5 - 11,143.1 - 11,255.2 - 11,404.2 - 11,557.2 - 11,753.4 - 11,951.7 - 12,194.6 - 12,468.5
- 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1
- 13.7 - 13.7 - 13.7 - 18.6 - 18.8 - 18.9 - 19.2 - 20.2 - 23.6
- 223.3 - 224.7 - 226.6 - 228.0 - 229.6 - 229.8 - 229.8 - 229.8 - 229.8
- 0.3 - 0.3 - 0.3 - 0.3 - 0.3 - 0.3 - 0.4 - 0.4 - 0.6
- - - - - - - - -

4.A.1.a.i.2.f. Lenga - 2,831.8 - 2,906.4 - 2,989.7 - 3,028.1
4.A.1.a.i.2.g. Coihue Magallanes - 45.4 - 47.5 - 47.9 - 48.0
4.A.1.a.i.2.h. Ro-Hualo - 245.1 - 245.7 - 246.2 - 246.4
4.A.1.a.i.2.i. RoRaCo - 1,541.3 - 1,552.2 - 1,559.4 - 1,570.2
4.A.1.a.i.2.j. CoRaTe - 714.2 - 722.9 - 731.6 - 748.6
4.A.1.a.i.2.k. Sclerophyll - 582.7 - 587.5 - 590.5 - 593.5
4.A.1.a.i.2.l. Evergreen - 4,171.5 - 4,259.3 - 4,331.6 - 4,401.5
4.A.1.a.i.3. National parks and reserves - 20,259.4 - 20,292.0 - 20,324.6 - 20,367.3
4.A.1.a.i.3.a. Larch - 30.5 - 30.5 - 30.5 - 30.5
4.A.1.a.i.3.b. Guaitecas cypress - 1,305.5 - 1,305.5 - 1,305.5 - 1,305.5
4.A.1.a.i.3.c. Araucaria - 467.2 - 466.6 - 466.2 - 465.7
4.A.1.a.i.3.f. Lenga - 2,787.0 - 2,779.2 - 2,771.1 - 2,763.0
4.A.1.a.i.3.g. Coihue Magallanes - 6,878.4 - 6,919.1 - 6,965.8 - 7,027.7
4.A.1.a.i.3.h. Ro-Hualo - - - -
4.A.1.a.i.3.i. RoRaCo - 24.9 - 24.7 - 24.5 - 24.3
4.A.1.a.i.3.j. CoRaTe - 1,256.8 - 1,257.2 - 1,257.2 - 1,256.9
4.A.1.a.i.3.k. Sclerophyll - - - -
4.A.1.a.i.3.l. Evergreen - 7,499.5 - 7,499.3 - 7,493.6 - 7,483.4
4.A.1.a.ii. Forest plantations - 27,889.9 - 29,087.9 - 30,397.8 - 31,550.0
4.A.1.a.ii.1. Pinus radiata - 25,276.8 - 26,221.4 - 27,222.3 - 28,195.8
4.A.1.a.ii.2. Eucalyptus globulus - 1,580.7 - 1,737.6 - 2,035.0 - 2,209.0
4.A.1.a.ii.3. Eucalyptus nitens - - - -
4.A.1.a.ii.4. Prosopis chilensis and Prosopis tamarugo - 146.8 - 149.3 - 149.5 - 149.4
4.A.1.a.ii.5. Pseudotsuga menziensii - 174.3 - 200.6 - 217.8 - 209.7
4.A.1.a.ii.6. Populus spp. - 87.3 - 85.6 - 85.6 - 94.8
4.A.1.a.ii.7. Other Species - 623.9 - 693.3 - 687.6 - 691.3
4.A.1.b. Annual biomass loss 67,333.1 70,409.4 69,341.1 86,876.5
4.A.1.b.i. Harvest 46,281.9 47,593.7 48,797.2 57,736.1
4.A.1.b.i.1. P. radiata logs 34,250.7 34,154.6 33,896.3 36,498.7
4.A.1.b.i.2. Eucalyptus spp. logs 10,441.3 11,630.9 13,233.4 19,661.4
4.A.1.b.i.3. Other exotic logs 388.8 558.3 636.1 583.3
4.A.1.b.i.4. Native species logs 1,201.0 1,249.9 1,031.4 992.7
4.A.1.b.ii. Firewood 17,980.0 19,177.7 19,727.2 20,785.5
4.A.1.b.ii.1. Native species firewood 10,908.5 11,635.1 11,968.5 12,610.6
4.A.1.b.ii.2. Exotic species firewood 7,071.5 7,542.6 7,758.7 8,174.9
4.A.1.b.iii. Disturbances 3,020.0 3,597.4 758.4 8,220.1
4.A.1.b.iii.1. Fires 3,020.0 3,597.4 758.4 8,220.1
4.A.1.b.iii.1.a. Native forest 715.9 1,486.6 354.4 219.8
4.A.1.b.iii.1.b. Forest plantations 2,304.1 2,110.8 404.0 8,000.4
4.A.1.b.iii.2. Other - - - -
4.A.1.b.iv. Controlled burning of forest waste 51.2 40.6 58.3 134.8
4.A.1.c. Forest land with vegetation change - 3,656.8 - 3,791.9 - 4,065.6 - 4,551.0
4.A.1.c.i. Restitution - 203.6 - 208.3 - 212.9 - 217.6
4.A.1.c.ii. Replacing - 3,453.2 - 3,583.6 - 3,852.7 - 4,333.5
4.A.2. Land converted to forest land - 26,923.8 - 27,708.7 - 28,913.9 - 30,979.6
4.A.2.a. Cropland - 12,542.6 - 12,794.3 - 13,359.4 - 14,262.1
4.A.2.a.i. Agricultural land converted to native forest - 135.0 - 140.4 - 145.8 - 151.1
4.A.2.a.ii. Agricultural land converted to forest plantations - 12,407.5 - 12,653.9 - 13,213.7 - 14,111.0
4.A.2.b. Grassland - 14,277.3 - 14,807.1 - 15,444.9 - 16,600.3
4.A.2.b.i. Grassland converted to native forest - 1,117.0 - 1,178.1 - 1,239.1 - 1,300.2

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
- 3,080.0 - 3,111.9 - 3,151.2 - 3,188.4 - 3,217.3 - 3,259.2 - 3,304.2 - 3,363.4 - 3,439.9
- 48.3 - 48.3 - 50.7 - 51.1 - 51.2 - 51.7 - 52.5 - 52.8 - 54.8
- 246.6 - 247.6 - 249.6 - 251.3 - 253.4 - 256.4 - 259.8 - 260.7 - 263.0
- 1,579.5 - 1,589.3 - 1,603.0 - 1,630.5 - 1,662.9 - 1,709.7 - 1,752.8 - 1,809.7 - 1,870.0
- 751.3 - 765.1 - 770.5 - 782.4 - 789.6 - 806.5 - 824.1 - 845.0 - 874.3
- 597.4 - 599.7 - 601.4 - 607.8 - 618.3 - 631.7 - 642.8 - 656.7 - 672.3
- 4,482.1 - 4,542.2 - 4,588.0 - 4,645.5 - 4,715.7 - 4,789.1 - 4,866.0 - 4,955.9 - 5,040.1
- 20,437.4 - 20,415.7 - 20,391.8 - 20,364.5 - 20,333.6 - 20,300.8 - 20,265.8 - 20,230.1 - 20,189.5
- 30.4 - 30.4 - 30.4 - 30.4 - 30.3 - 30.3 - 30.3 - 30.2 - 30.2
- 1,305.5 - 1,305.5 - 1,305.5 - 1,305.5 - 1,305.5 - 1,305.5 - 1,305.5 - 1,305.5 - 1,305.5
- 464.9 - 464.3 - 463.5 - 462.3 - 461.1 - 459.9 - 458.9 - 457.4 - 456.2
- 10.5 - 10.7 - 10.8 - 10.9 - 11.1 - 11.1 - 11.2 - 11.3 - 11.3
- - - - - - - - -
- 2,755.1 - 2,746.9 - 2,738.4 - 2,729.3 - 2,720.0 - 2,710.3 - 2,700.0 - 2,689.6 - 2,678.6
- 7,119.1 - 7,119.6 - 7,119.1 - 7,116.4 - 7,111.1 - 7,104.1 - 7,095.5 - 7,085.7 - 7,074.0
- - - - - - - - -
- 24.3 - 24.1 - 23.9 - 23.8 - 23.7 - 23.5 - 23.3 - 23.2 - 23.1
- 1,256.1 - 1,255.7 - 1,254.7 - 1,253.4 - 1,252.1 - 1,250.7 - 1,249.1 - 1,247.1 - 1,244.0
- - - - - - - - -
- 7,471.5 - 7,458.5 - 7,445.5 - 7,432.4 - 7,418.9 - 7,405.3 - 7,392.0 - 7,380.0 - 7,366.5
- 32,627.0 - 34,266.6 - 36,384.1 - 39,200.8 - 40,767.3 - 42,475.0 - 44,126.1 - 46,655.4 - 47,281.1
- 29,058.9 - 30,174.2 - 31,427.6 - 33,008.2 - 32,893.6 - 33,101.0 - 33,209.8 - 32,818.0 - 32,905.8
- 2,476.7 - 2,969.0 - 3,787.7 - 4,834.4 - 6,177.1 - 6,908.8 - 7,540.0 - 10,023.5 - 9,630.6
- - - - 175.6 - 509.3 - 1,236.4 - 2,068.5 - 2,472.2 - 3,359.5
- 149.6 - 149.6 - 149.6 - 149.6 - 149.6 - 149.7 - 150.0 - 150.0 - 150.1
- 211.3 - 211.6 - 215.8 - 223.1 - 225.4 - 224.9 - 228.4 - 229.6 - 229.6
- 91.0 - 91.5 - 92.7 - 96.1 - 97.6 - 99.6 - 99.6 - 100.5 - 105.5
- 639.5 - 670.7 - 710.7 - 713.8 - 714.6 - 754.7 - 829.7 - 861.5 - 900.1
87,055.1 85,279.8 76,568.2 85,259.0 90,650.1 81,637.9 97,657.4 107,719.7 88,272.5
60,918.2 55,527.0 53,085.6 59,979.3 59,664.7 61,995.8 64,145.2 64,450.1 65,900.3
35,778.6 32,858.7 30,384.3 34,795.2 35,072.7 38,316.8 40,177.7 40,738.1 40,948.4
23,566.1 21,327.4 21,268.2 23,867.3 23,118.9 22,378.3 22,745.3 22,192.2 23,718.8
582.0 549.9 615.5 611.6 829.6 693.4 709.5 790.2 654.9
991.5 791.0 817.6 705.2 643.5 607.2 512.6 729.7 578.2
21,325.5 21,385.3 18,508.4 22,754.5 18,581.4 18,600.0 18,803.9 18,839.3 19,002.9
12,938.2 12,974.5 11,229.1 14,195.7 9,161.9 9,203.9 9,256.9 9,304.1 9,357.7
8,387.3 8,410.8 7,279.4 8,558.8 9,419.4 9,396.1 9,546.9 9,535.2 9,645.2
4,761.9 8,317.5 4,911.9 2,497.0 12,384.8 1,028.7 14,690.0 24,399.0 3,331.7
4,761.9 8,317.5 4,911.9 2,497.0 12,384.8 1,028.7 14,690.0 24,399.0 3,331.7
2,723.9 1,952.3 909.2 630.6 2,585.7 303.7 3,090.5 11,010.4 1,404.3
2,038.1 6,365.2 4,002.7 1,866.4 9,799.1 725.0 11,599.5 13,388.7 1,927.4
- - - - - - - - -
49.5 50.0 62.3 28.2 19.1 13.4 18.4 31.2 37.6
- 4,306.8 - 4,407.2 - 4,119.1 - 4,047.3 - 3,911.7 - 3,850.0 - 3,526.4 - 3,111.7 - 3,102.6
- 219.5 - 221.4 - 207.6 - 193.7 - 179.9 - 166.0 - 152.2 - 138.3 - 124.5
- 4,087.3 - 4,185.8 - 3,911.5 - 3,853.5 - 3,731.8 - 3,683.9 - 3,374.2 - 2,973.4 - 2,978.1
- 31,384.9 - 32,299.1 - 31,173.2 - 30,702.3 - 30,594.2 - 30,350.7 - 28,854.5 - 25,978.7 - 26,341.2
- 14,648.7 - 15,179.5 - 14,638.3 - 14,353.2 - 14,488.8 - 14,571.2 - 14,064.2 - 12,476.2 - 12,890.1
- 158.8 - 163.0 - 154.7 - 146.4 - 138.0 - 129.7 - 121.4 - 113.0 - 104.7
- 14,489.9 - 15,016.5 - 14,483.7 - 14,206.8 - 14,350.7 - 14,441.5 - 13,942.8 - 12,363.1 - 12,785.4
- 16,643.4 - 17,024.3 - 16,445.8 - 16,261.5 - 16,017.9 - 15,693.9 - 14,710.9 - 13,433.1 - 13,381.7
- 1,378.0 - 1,430.8 - 1,375.6 - 1,320.4 - 1,265.2 - 1,210.1 - 1,154.9 - 1,099.7 - 1,044.5

4.A.2.b.ii. Grassland converted to forest plantations - 13,160.3 - 13,629.0 - 14,205.8 - 15,300.1
4.A.2.c. Wetland - 104.0 - 107.3 - 109.5 - 117.1
4.A.2.c.i. Wetland converted to native forest. - - - -
4.A.2.c.ii. Wetland converted to forest plantations - 104.0 - 107.3 - 109.5 - 117.1
4.A.2.d. Settlements - - - -
4.A.2.d.i. Settlements converted to native forest - - - -
4.A.2.d.ii. Settlements converted to forest plantations - - - -
4.A.2.e. Other Land - - - -
4.A.2.e.i. Other land converted to native forest. - - - -
4.A.2.e.ii. Other land converted to forest plantations - - - -
4.B. Cropland 1,410.3 1,364.7 1,501.4 1,548.8
4.B.1. Cropland remaining Cropland 0.5 0.7 0.1 1.8
4.B.2. Land converted to cropland 1,409.8 1,364.1 1,501.3 1,547.0
4.B.2.a. Forest Land converted to cropland 455.9 446.0 475.6 485.5
4.B.2.b. Grassland converted to cropland 902.9 868.3 972.0 1,006.6
4.B.2.c. Wetland converted to cropland 51.1 49.8 53.7 55.0
4.B.2.d. Settlements converted to cropland - - - -
4.B.2.e. Other Land converted to cropland - - - -
4.C. Grassland 2,576.8 2,573.2 2,568.8 2,563.5
4.C.1. Grassland remaining Grassland 4.7 7.9 2.3 2.2
4.C.2. Land converted to grassland 2,572.1 2,565.3 2,566.4 2,561.3
4.C.2.a. Forest Land converted to grassland 2,661.2 2,663.7 2,674.0 2,668.9
4.C.2.b. Cropland converted to grassland - 89.1 - 98.4 - 107.6 - 107.6
4.C.2.c. Wetland converted to grassland - - - -
4.C.2.d. Settlements converted to grassland - - - -
4.C.2.e. Other Land converted to grassland - - - -
4.D. Wetland 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.5
4.D.1. Wetland remaining Wetland - - - -
4.D.2. Land converted to wetland 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.5
4.D.2.a. Forest Land converted to wetland 28.4 28.4 28.4 28.4
4.D.2.b. Cropland converted to wetland 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2
4.D.2.c. Grassland converted to wetland 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9
4.D.2.d. Settlements converted to wetland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.D.2.e. Other Land converted to wetland - - - -
4.E. Settlements 340.4 347.7 354.9 362.1
4.E.1. Settlements remaining Settlements - - - -
4.E.2. Land converted to Settlements 340.4 347.7 354.9 362.1
4.E.2.a. Forest Land converted to Settlements 86.3 87.5 88.7 89.9
4.E.2.b. Cropland converted to Settlements 170.7 173.4 176.1 178.8
4.E.2.c. Grassland converted to Settlements 81.8 85.1 88.3 91.6
4.E.2.d. Wetland converted to Settlements 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8
4.E.2.e. Other Land converted to Settlements - - - -
4.F. Other Land 522.7 533.6 541.0 549.9
4.F.1. Other land remaining Other Land - - - -
4.F.2. Land converted to other land 522.7 533.6 541.0 549.9
4.F.2.a. Forest Land converted to other land 473.6 483.4 489.6 497.4
4.F.2.b. Cropland converted to other land - - - -
4.F.2.c. Grassland converted to other land 49.1 50.2 51.4 52.5
4.F.2.d. Wetland converted to other land - - - -
4.F.2.e. Settlements converted to other land - - - -
4.G. Harvested wood products - - - -
4.H. Other (please specify) - - - -

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
- 15,265.4 - 15,593.5 - 15,070.2 - 14,941.1 - 14,752.7 - 14,483.8 - 13,556.0 - 12,333.4 - 12,337.2
- 92.8 - 95.3 - 89.0 - 87.6 - 87.5 - 85.6 - 79.4 - 69.4 - 69.4
- - - - - - - - -
- 92.8 - 95.3 - 89.0 - 87.6 - 87.5 - 85.6 - 79.4 - 69.4 - 69.4
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
1,630.5 1,676.8 1,658.4 1,640.3 1,624.7 1,604.1 1,588.3 1,569.0 1,551.0
0.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 2.7 0.1 2.3 1.1 1.1
1,630.1 1,676.1 1,658.1 1,640.1 1,622.0 1,604.0 1,586.0 1,567.9 1,549.9
530.4 540.7 538.9 537.1 535.4 533.6 531.8 530.1 528.3
1,044.1 1,079.2 1,066.3 1,053.3 1,040.4 1,027.4 1,014.5 1,001.5 988.6
55.6 56.2 52.9 49.6 46.3 43.0 39.7 36.4 33.0
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
1,744.2 1,603.8 1,609.0 1,617.7 1,631.0 1,634.6 1,650.3 1,660.7 1,665.5
3.4 5.0 5.2 4.3 8.0 2.1 8.2 9.0 4.3
1,740.7 1,598.8 1,603.8 1,613.4 1,623.0 1,632.5 1,642.1 1,651.6 1,661.2
1,883.2 1,749.2 1,744.7 1,744.7 1,744.7 1,744.7 1,744.7 1,744.7 1,744.7
- 142.5 - 150.4 - 140.9 - 131.3 - 121.7 - 112.2 - 102.6 - 93.0 - 83.5
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6
- - - - - - - - -
20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6
11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8
6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
- - - - - - - - -
372.0 379.1 377.6 376.1 374.6 373.2 371.7 370.2 368.7
- - - - - - - - -
372.0 379.1 377.6 376.1 374.6 373.2 371.7 370.2 368.7
99.1 100.4 100.7 100.9 101.2 101.5 101.7 102.0 102.2
176.8 179.4 177.5 175.7 173.8 172.0 170.1 168.3 166.4
94.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 98.1 98.3 98.5 98.7
1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3
- - - - - - - - -
596.3 566.9 564.3 561.7 559.1 556.4 553.8 551.2 548.6
- - - - - - - - -
596.3 566.9 564.3 561.7 559.1 556.4 553.8 551.2 548.6
544.6 514.8 515.4 516.1 516.7 517.3 517.9 518.6 519.2
- - - - - - - - -
51.7 52.1 48.8 45.6 42.4 39.1 35.9 32.6 29.4
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -

5. Waste 4,961.2 5,228.6 5,029.1 4,738.2
5.A. Solid waste disposal 3,541.7 3,698.7 3,829.5 3,483.2
5.A.1. Managed waste disposal sites 2,430.4 2,610.8 2,861.5 2,590.9
5.A.2. Unmanaged waste disposal sites 241.1 240.2 239.4 214.1
5.A.3. Uncategorized waste disposal sites 870.3 847.8 728.6 678.1
5.B. Biological treatment of solid waste 48.0 48.7 54.2 70.5
5.C. Incineration and open burning of waste 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
5.C.1. Waste Incineration 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
5.C.2. Open Burning of Waste - - - -
5.D. Wastewater Treatment and discharge 1,371.3 1,481.1 1,145.1 1,184.3
5.D.1. Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Discharge 1,019.8 1,051.0 1,128.2 1,143.0
5.D.2. Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Discharge 351.5 430.1 16.9 41.4
5.E. Other - - - -

Anx. Memo items
Anx.1. International bunker 4,292.7 4,567.1 5,354.9 5,367.2
Anx.1.a. International Aviation 1,142.0 1,117.1 1,221.8 1,372.0
Anx.1.b. International Navigation 3,150.7 3,449.9 4,133.1 3,995.3
Anx.2. Multilateral Operations - - - -
Anx.3. CO2 emissions from biomass 19,205.0 20,486.3 21,071.4 22,203.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
4,540.4 4,364.6 4,502.2 4,654.0 4,800.6 5,318.4 5,403.9 5,734.5 5,801.1
3,282.6 3,106.1 3,142.1 3,274.0 3,293.8 3,832.8 3,867.9 4,209.2 4,305.3
2,403.7 2,196.8 2,279.6 2,455.2 2,478.5 2,719.7 2,796.9 3,089.0 3,194.4
221.5 231.6 229.0 159.9 147.5 275.0 186.7 194.3 189.1
657.3 677.7 633.4 659.0 667.9 838.0 884.3 926.0 921.8
69.6 112.0 78.1 55.9 47.5 61.0 59.9 59.9 59.9
0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5
0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5
- - - - - - - - -
1,188.0 1,146.4 1,281.7 1,323.8 1,458.9 1,424.2 1,475.6 1,464.8 1,435.3
1,153.6 1,125.8 1,265.1 1,308.2 1,451.5 1,416.8 1,441.6 1,433.0 1,419.5
34.4 20.5 16.6 15.6 7.4 7.4 34.0 31.9 15.8
- - - - - - - - -
5,300.7 4,104.9 3,666.2 3,740.6 2,785.8 2,620.6 2,601.1 2,317.0 2,269.4

1,431.7 1,340.9 1,347.5 1,449.9 1,387.6 1,386.2 1,401.4 1,412.6 1,492.3
3,868.9 2,764.0 2,318.7 2,290.6 1,398.2 1,234.3 1,199.7 904.4 777.1
- - - - - - - - -
22,794.8 22,844.0 21,752.6 24,262.2 39,548.6 43,876.5 39,703.7 32,672.5 35,042.3

ANNEX 5. INFORMATION ON SECTORIAL
MITIGATION ACTIONS
Table A. 1. Measures related to the mitigation of GHG emissions in the Energy sector
Name Type Year and status Description Objectives/Goals Actions implemented
Management Regulatory 2004 In the framework of Law The objective of the In July 2015, Regulation
concessional system Implemented 19,657/2000 and its rules exploration grant is to was modified in order to
of geothermal energy and active of procedure, establishes the perform a set of operations be more precise for the
procedure by which every to determine the potential of requirements to obtain
natural or legal person to geothermal energy. an exploration grant in
request a grant of geothermal perpetuity, adding the
energy and to participate in a The objective of the ability to incorporate
public tender for the granting exploitation grant is to give conditioning factors in the
of a concession of geothermal the right to use and take decree to give accounting
energy. advantage of the geothermal of the territorial reality
energy that exists within its of grants, among other
boundaries. subjects.
Law of Non- Regulatory 2008 The law establishes the Law 20,257/2008 established In 2013 Law 20,257 was
Conventional Implemented mandatory nature for power that between 2010 and 2014, amended by Law 20,698,
Renewable Energies and active generation companies with a 5% of power should come extending the quota to a
(NCRE) installed capacity of over from NCRE, increasing from 20% of NCRE to 2025 for
(Law 20,257/ 200MW, to certify the 2015 in a 0.5% per year until contracts signed after July
2008 amended participation of NCRE in achieving a 10% in 2024. 1st, 2013.
by the Law Chile’s power generation
20,698/2013) matrix.
Rural and social Project 2008 Program coordinated Contributing to the access and Electrification of rural
electrification Completed with other State agencies improvement of rural electricity schools and emergency
program (PERyS) (Regional Governments, supply in an equitable, efficient rooms without power
Municipalities, etc. ) and sustainable manner supply or a deficit of it.
developed in three lines of through training of technical
action: units and transfer of successful Developing demonstration
- Rural Schools and experiences. projects with small-scale
Emergency Rooms Promoting and disseminating renewable energy.
Electrification solutions with RE.
- Demonstration Projects o the Generating conditions for Implementing a program
Application of Renewable research, development and for strengthening local
Energies (RE) innovation. capacities.
- Technology Transfer and Developing a regulatory
Human Capital Development framework and encouragement
for the Development of for access and improvement of
solutions with RE on a small rural and social energy supply.
scale.
1
Information source of: https://sic.coordinador.cl/informes-y-documentos/fichas/energias-renovables-no-convencionales-ernc/
2
Information Source: Access and Equity Division of the Ministry of Energy and web page: http://www.energia.gob.cl/programa-de-energiza-
cion-rural-y-social-perys

Emission
reductions
Gases
Progress Planned actions achieved or Methodology and Assumptions
included
expected
(ktCO2eq)
As of August 2018, there are: 4 Commercial operation start-up of - - -
exploration grants in force, 8 matured Cerro Pabellón Project.
exploration grants but with exclusive
right that gives the exploitation grant Amendment of Law 19,657 /2000,
and 11 exploitation grants. in order to improve the system of
As of August 2018, Cerro Pabellon geothermal grants.
plant (first geothermal plant in South
America, located at the Antofagasta Promoting the direct thermal uses of
region with an installed power of 48 geothermal energy.
MW). The plant is a testing stage,
prior to its commercial operation start-
up planned for late 2018.
In 2017 the requirement imposed by The integration of NCRE in the CO2, As of 2017, An estimate of monthly emissions was
Law 20,698 for NCRE generation matrix will be analyzed to increase N2O, CH4 the mitigation calculated avoided from a monthly
was 3,642GWh and it was achieved participation while maintaining the of GHG is balance of generation from non-
11,087 GWh, which is equivalent to system security. estimated at conventional renewable sources, and it
a 300% compliance1. around 13,100 was multiplied by the factor of emissions
ktCO2eq. of the electrical system during that
month. Then, the total avoided emissions
correspond to the addition of avoided
monthly emissions. This balance was
performed separately for the systems
before called SIC and SING.
Between June 2016 and December The program is discontinued in - - -

2017, projects were implemented 2018, and since 2019 two new
with renewable energies (bio- programs will be implemented
digesters, solar thermal systems) at 18 associated to the improvement of
educational and health establishments power supply in establishments with
(bio-digesters, solar thermal systems)2. a public role and for productive
enterprises.

Energy Efficiency Economic 2009 Part of Efficient Residential 5% reduction of electricity Ministry of the Interior
Program in Public Incentive Implemented Lighting and public lighting consumption in public and Public Security and
Buildings (PEEEP) and active programs. It includes the buildings. the Ministry of Energy
Diagnosis, Implementation, formalize a protocol
Measurement and Verification, on the application of
and Capacity Building, aimed energy-saving measures
to tackle energy efficiency in public administration.
projects in public buildings The follow-up of it will
integrally. be led by the Agency
of Energy Sustainability
through the platform for
the registration of energy
consumption in public
buildings.
Public information Information 2009 The Ministry of Energy These platforms allow Development of browsers:
platforms for Education Implemented keeps a public platform for providing public information wind, solar, rights of
renewable energy and active renewable energies, focused on our resources, guiding non-consumptive water
on providing information for private investment decisions, use (DAANC), forestry
the development of projects. the adequacy or design of bioenergy and marine.
Delivery of geo-referenced public policies on renewable
information on potential energies and supporting Measuring campaigns of
renewable energies and energy planning processes wind and solar resources.
projects. in accordance with current
legislation.
Solar thermal systems Fiscal 2010 Law 20,365/2009 Development of market for Law 20,897 of 2016
in new households Implemented establishes a tax exemption solar thermal systems (SST) renewed the validity of
(Law 20,365/2009) and active for solar thermal systems (SST) through demand stimulation. the tax exemption for
for hot water in new houses Providing access and energy the installation of solar
and a direct subsidy for SST equity to the most vulnerable thermal systems (SST)
installation in new social population through a means to for the period 2015 to
housing. get sanitary hot water. 2020 and it adds a direct
The tax benefit is equal to Expected impact between subsidy for the provision
100% of the aggregated cost 2015-2020: Approximately of this technology in new
of the installation investment, 66,500 housing units will be social housing.
plus the cost of a maintenance benefited
program for houses under
UF2,000 with a linear
decrease until 0% for houses
of UF3,000.
Solar thermal systems Fiscal 2011 Direct subsidy for SST Improving the existing housing Transfer of funds from
in existing social Implemented installation in existing of the most vulnerable and MINENERGIA to MINVU.
housing and active social housing, driven by deprived population, with the Development of regulatory
Law N°20,365 through the installation of a solar system bodies.
Program for Protection of the for heating water. Training to SERVIUs
Family Property by MINVU. to assess and grant
subsidies.

Emission
reductions
Gases
included
expected
(ktCO2eq)
To date, works of EE have been This program starts to be CO2, An estimated To calculate the estimated emission
implemented at 39 hospitals, implemented under the sponsor of N2O, CH4 17 ktCO2eq reduction, first the reduction of energy
fulfilling the goal proposed, reaching "Manage Energy" of the Public avoided per per energy source was calculated,
100% of high complexity hospitals Sector, which goal in the Energy year for all of and then an emission factor was used,
potentially possible to intervene with Roadmap is the intervention of 100 the 39 hospitals. corresponding to the average of the SIC
EE measures. The total amount of the buildings under the ESCO modality and SING systems for electricity, and for
investment was CLP9,043 million, of contract and the installation of natural gas, diesel or coal, IPCC tier 1
CLP2,370 million corresponding to the smart meters in 1000 buildings emission factors were used.
2017 budget. The total annual savings during the 2018-2022 period.
in fuels and electricity expenditure is
estimated at CLP2,953 million, which
is equivalent to 54 GWh of energy
savings.
The browser was updated with a self- It considers renewing the Wind - - -
consumption approach for SST and Browser and updating the Marine
SFV, orienting households, trade and Browser. In addition, improving the
industry. Solar Browser information, keeping
the focus on self-consumption. It
is intended to approach thermal
technology different from the
Thermal Solar Systems.
Law 20,897 of 2016 renewed the Launching by MINVU of new - - -

validity of the tax exemption for the subsidy to finance SST in new social
installation of solar thermal systems housing.
(SST) for the period 2015 to 2020 Incorporating the Superintendency
and adds a direct subsidy for the of Electricity and Fuels (SEC) in
provision of this technology (SST) in the enforcement of SST installed
new social housing. Between 2010 in social housing with grants from
and July 2018 61,841 houses have MINVU.
been benefited.
From 2011 to 2017 SST has been Incorporating the SEC in the - - -
installed in 43,530 existing social enforcement of SST that are installed
housing: 131,395 houses in 2016, in social housing through MINVU
and 15,347 houses in 2017. grants.

Net Billing Act (Net Regulatory 2012 Grants regulated clients of Establishes a right without Development of policy
Billing) Implemented distribution companies the specific goals. Without and regulatory framework
(Law 20,571/2012) and active right to generate their own prejudice to the foregoing, supplementing the Law.
electricity, self-consuming it envisages the increasing use Training seminars on the
and that the value of their of such right, in particular for Law.
surpluses contributed to photovoltaic projects. Creation of specialized
the network are discounted unit for support and
from their bills. Projects control projects.
can only be of renewable Supporting the
or efficient cogeneration, development of
with an installed capacity photovoltaic systems
per customer not over 100 suppliers, through the
kilowatts. Program of Public Solar
Roofs.
Generation of public
information about costs
and suppliers.
Implementation of online
tools for self-assessment
projects.
Action Plan for Energy Policy 2013 The PAEE2020 poses Reducing by 12% the final The Inter-ministries
Efficiency (PAEE2020) Implemented efficiency actions in the work energy demand projected to Committee on Energy
and active areas of: 2020 compared to 2010, Efficiency (CIEE) was
- Industry and Mining equivalent to savings of created.
- Transportation 43,000 Tcal. The appliances labeling
- Building program has been
- Appliances strengthened and actions
- Firewood were started to define
- Other EE minimum standards
(MEPS).
The EE seal for companies
was launched.
Programs were created
for promotion and
implementation of EE
measures in the public
sector ("Program for
Energy Efficiency
in Public Buildings"
and "Replacement of
Efficient Public Lighting
for Municipalities”)
and households ("My
efficient home"), some
supported by the Agency
of Sustainability Energy
(ASE).

Emission
reductions
Gases
included
expected
(ktCO2eq)
As of January 2018, 2,188 projects Modification of the Regulation CO2, In the period The estimated GHG reduction of
hosted in the right granted by the Law, pursuant to the amendment of the N2O, CH4 2015-2017 it implemented projects was calculated
equivalent to 12.5 MW. Law. is estimated considering an estimated annual
A bill was introduced to the a reduction of production of the projects declared,
National Congress to amend the emissions of which depends of the district of the
boundary of these systems, raising around 17.5 location project, and multiplied by an
it from 100 kWh to 300 kWh. As ktCO2eq. emission factor of 0.77 tCO2eq/MWh
of August 2018, amendments to (similar to the SING).
Law 20,571 were approved at the In the period For the projection of avoided emissions,
Finance Commission of the Congress 2018-2022 it a projection of facilities was considered
Chamber, and should be submitted is expected to from the current trend, and avoided
to the vote of the Lower Chamber to get emission emissions were estimated considering
continue its processing at the Senate. reductions close an emission factor of 0.77 tCO2eq/
to 70 ktCO2eq. MWh.
In industry, during 2016 and 2017, The sectorial programs will - - -

three companies were certified in continue, but the discussion
SGE, with estimated savings of 280 and processing of the draft bill
Tcal/year. for energy efficiency can be
highlighted, which will provide
As a result of the implementation of a framework of legal support in
ASE programs since 2010 until the the areas of industry and mining,
end of 2017, savings close to 85 Tcal transportation, public sector
/year have been achieved. and residential sector, for the
Progress in the programs of housing development of energy efficiency
and public sector can be reviewed measures.
below.

Energy efficiency Regulatory 2013 The labelling of energy Fostering energy efficiency Labelling of energy
labelling and and Implemented efficiency (EE) in order to achieve a 20% efficiency on appliances .
minimum standards Information and active allows improving consumer reduction in the use of energy
information at the time of projected for year 2025. EE minimum standards .
making a purchase and
encourages companies to
produce and import more
efficient products.
Replacement Project 2014 Support program for energy The program will change Training on Replacement
Program of Efficient Implemented management of municipalities around 205,000 streetlights of streetlights
Public Lighting for and active through the replacement of in 121 towns, approximately
Municipalities public streetlights for more 10% of the total streetlights in
efficient ones, allowing the country
inhabitants to enjoy better
levels of lighting and energy
savings to the municipality.
Promoting the Project 2014 The project seeks to increase Reducing GHG emissions by Study of gaps for the
development of the Implemented biogas generation at PYMES promoting investment and biodigesters registration
biogas energy in and active in the dairy industry of Los development of the biogas with the SEC.
small and medium- Lagos and Los Ríos regions, energy technologies market at Technical and economic
sized agricultural granting value to a waste, PYMES of the dairy sector. pre-feasibility of biogas
industries selected reducing energy costs and projects.
at Los Ríos and Los mitigating greenhouse gas Promotion and
Lagos regions (Biogas (GHG) emissions. The focus is dissemination of
dairy sector) on dairy farms between 100 information and best
and 500 cows. practices in biogas
technologies for small and
medium-sized agricultural
industries.
Construction of an
experimental biodigester
for the dairy sector.
Handbook l for the design,
construction, operation
and maintenance of
biogas plants in Chile.
Development of existing
digesters diagnosis.
3
Information Source : http://www.minenergia.cl/biogaslechero/

Emission
reductions
Gases
included
expected
(ktCO2eq)
Currently there are 26 products with Updating and incorporating - - -
EE label and 3 must meet EE minimum new products to the labelling
standards. program for energy efficiency, at
EE minimum standards were least stoves, washing machines,
established for engines up to 10 HP vacuum cleaners, microwave and
and air conditioners. . electric ovens.
Minimum energy performance
standards for refrigerators (only Updating labels on light bulbs and
class A or higher can be marketed) refrigerators.
was enforced, and marketing
of incandescent light bulbs was Adding new products with a
eliminated. minimum standard of efficiency.
In 2016 the growth in residential
electricity demand was almost null. Updating the standards for lighting
Penetration of efficient technology has and refrigerators.
increased, e.g. in 2017, 1 of 3 light
bulbs is LED and 2 of 3 is efficient.
As of April 2018, close to 175 The program will finish at the end - - -
thousand streetlights have been of 2018.
replaced, with estimated savings of 34 After 2019, the Ministry
GWh/year. will continue supporting the
municipalities in the creation of EE
projects for public lighting.
Performance of 57 pre-feasibility A forum of circular economy will - - -

studies of biogas. take place at the end of 2018,
where it is expected that it will be
Technological Tour with 14 farmers to proposed continuing activities of the
Costa Rica and Mexico. Biogas program.
Handbook for the design,

construction, operation and
maintenance, biogas plants in Chile.
Training to biogas plant operators.
In progress: 9 feasibility studies,

bidding for digestate market study,
biogas calculator implementation,
monitoring of 2 biogas plants3.

Energy Efficiency Economic 2014 The Draft Law will include Its purpose is promoting, During the first quarter of
Draft Law Incentive Planned at least three components: guiding and regulating 2018 amendments were
Regulatory (a) Energy Efficiency in the rational and efficient made to the Draft Law.
Industry and Mining; use of energy resources,
(b) Energy Efficiency for with the aim of fostering
households, small industries improvements in productivity
and businesses; (c) Energy and competitiveness of our
Efficiency in the public sector. economy, improving people’s
quality of life, thus contributing
to the sustainable development
of the country.
"More Dry Firewood" Project 2014 The program promotes the It seeks to increase the supply The program envisages
Program Implemented production and marketing of firewood with a humidity incorporating technology
and active of dry wood in the south- level of less than 25%, and innovative techniques
central zone of the country, which generates more heat, for drying wood, in
for which a fund exists to spends less and produces less addition to training
finance the construction and pollution. and human capital
implementation of collection development in drying
and drying of wood centers. techniques and business
development.
100 Plan Mini-hydros Policy 2014 Plan developed to promote To promote the development of A register of existing
Completed development of mini-hydro 100 new mini-hydro projects in projects.
projects (<20 MW) in the the period 2014-2018. Identification of relevant
country. aspects that delay the
obtaining permits or
postpone the investment
decision.
Monitoring of main
barriers for the
development of projects.
Meetings with financial
institutions.
Design and
implementation of public
policies.
Supply improvement Project 2014 It comprises the technical The purpose is to reduce the Implementation of projects
program in isolated IImplemented and financial support for the dependence on diesel fuel for electrical supply in
areas and Active execution of projects of: and improve the quality of life islands by incorporating
(I) improvement of existing of communities, prioritizing renewable sources (hybrid
electrical service in different the use of renewable energy systems).
islands and isolated locations sources and technological
in the country that currently improvements in electricity Implementation of
are supplied with energy from supply. In addition, to individual photovoltaic
diesel; reduce the cost of subsidy to systems.
(Ii) deliver power to houses operation granted by Regional
that did not have electricity Governments.
supply;
(Iii) increase the number of
hours of electricity supply in
those cases in which supply
was of 6, 12 or 18 hours.

Emission
reductions
Gases
included
expected
(ktCO2eq)
The Draft Law on Energy Efficiency Institutional preparation to render - - -
started processing at the Senate. the Law operational.
Between 2016 and April 2017, the The program will continue its - - -
development of 160 collection centers implementation in the context of
was benefited, with estimated sales the Energy Roadmap that sets the
of 150 thousand m3 of dry wood support to investment initiatives
estereo, equivalent to an avoided associated to the market of solid
consumption of firewood of 50 biofuels.
Tcal/year.
Since March 2014 58 mini-hydro The plan was completed in March CO2, In 2017 an For the estimation of emissions reduction
(191 MW) power plants have been 2018. However, to date there is N2O, CH4 emissions the annual installed power and an
start up, and 10 stations (64 MW) are a follow-up of the projects under reduction of average plant factor of 40% were
under construction. construction, so that they are around 224 considered. The annual emission factor
completed in a satisfactory manner. ktCO2eq was of the SIC published by the Ministry of
estimated, and Energy at www.energiaabierta.cl was
for the period also considered.
2014-2017
a cumulative
emissions
reduction of
approx. 540
ktCO2eq was
estimated.
With the support of the SUBDERE and The program will continue - - -
Regional Governments, 2 projects implementing generation projects
have been implemented in islands, 4 both in islands and isolated systems,
islands are under construction and 6 in addition to individual projects of
are in the definition phase. photovoltaic energy self-generation.
In addition, 5 projects of individual
photovoltaic generation were
implemented (2016-2018).

Fund for Energy Project 2014 Competitive Fund aimed Allowing social organizations Projects for energizing
Access4 Implemented at communities, social to access energy resources in community facilities
and active organizations, neighborhood a sustainable way by means and public spaces,
councils and municipalities, of small-scale solutions based through the installation
among other organizations, on NCRE. of solar thermal systems,
to finance small-scale RE photovoltaic systems and
projects to facilitate and photovoltaic lighting.
promote access to energy
in vulnerable, rural and/or
isolated communities.
Energy District Policy 2015 The program is a tool aimed 10% of all the municipalities Development of a
Program Implemented to contribute to the energy of the country involved and methodological guide
and Active development of Chile, through participating in this program in for preparation of local
the analysis of the power 2018 (approx. 36 districts). energy strategies.
scenario of each district and Funding for development
implementing allowing for of local energy strategies.
exploitation of the potential of Implementation of BOILER
energy efficiency and use of 30+ project (installation
renewable energies from the of SFV in at least 30 roofs
local community. in districts of Caldera,
Intended to raise awareness Copiapo and Tierra
by citizens on the subject Amarilla).
of global energy and to Delivery of Portable Solar
generate a responsible and Kits to population that
participative consumption given the conditions of
behavior. their productive work are
without electricity part of
the day.
Solar thermal Fiscal 2015 Subsidy for the installation of In response to the Transfers from
systems in houses of Implemented Solar Thermal Systems (SST), reconstruction needs arising MINENERGIA to MINVU.
the Reconstruction and active to heat sanitary water and from the earthquake of the Training public and
Programs photovoltaic systems (SFV), Great North and the fire of private actors.
for electricity generation at Valparaiso in 2014, it was Donation of SST
houses that are the subject of determined to promote a laboratories to technical
the reconstruction program subsidy for SST installation, at education centers of the
where there is technical the households covered by the regions involved.
feasibility. Reconstruction Program.
In addition, in 2015 a new
Program of Reconstruction
was implemented to face the
consequences of the flood
experienced at Atacama and
Antofagasta regions. On this
occasion, it was determined
that both the houses to be
rebuilt as those to be repaired
would benefit from SST and
SFV.
4
http://atencionciudadana.minenergia.cl/tramites/informacion/18/

Emission
reductions
Gases
included
expected
(ktCO2eq)
In 2017, 18 projects were The Fund will continue its - - -
implemented awarded in 2016, and performance in 2019, within the
in 2018, 23 projects have been framework of a new program
implemented out of a total of 67 associated with the improvement of
awarded in 2017. energy supply in establishments with
a public role
Currently 35 districts participate in It is expected that in the next 4 - - -

the program, 23 municipalities have years 25% of municipalities in Chile
completed their Local Energy Strategy will participate in the Program.
and are implementing specific projects
in their territory. Development of a monitoring,
reporting and verification system
(MRV) to quantify GHG emission
reductions of projects at a local
level.
Promotion of inclusion of the

concept of energy resilience to
climate change at a local level.
As of July 2018, 5,694 subsidies Incorporating the SEC in the - - -

have been allocated for SST and enforcement of SST that are
around 2,475 grants for photovoltaic installed in social housing with
systems. Of these, approximately grants by MINVU.
3,630 are installed.

Public Solar Roofs Project 2015 The program is an initiative Stimulate the market for Identification of public
Program Implemented oriented to install photovoltaic photovoltaic solutions through buildings.
and Active systems (SFV) on the roofs of the demand by the State to be
public buildings, in order to installed in public buildings. Project selection.
contribute to the maturing of Generate information of public Solution design.
the photovoltaic market for and free access on costs and
self-consumption. conditions of the FV projects Invitation to tender for
oriented to consumption within installation projects.
Chilean reality.
To assess in practice the rules Assessment of the program
and procedures for PV facilities (annual monitoring).
for self-consumption.
To contribute to the reduction
of energy costs in public
buildings.
Policy of use of Policy 2015 The policy delivers guidelines Contributing to the efficient Creation of the Firewood
firewood and its Implemented and defines the lines of work and sustainable use of Unit at the Ministry of
derivatives for heating and active in the short, medium and firewood in Chile, with Energy.
long term to improve the emphasis on the center south Creation of the Inter-
manner in which wood and of the country, under a State ministries Committee on
its derivatives are produced, vision, in a comprehensive Firewood.
marketed and consumed as and inter-ministries manner, EE standards for heaters.
the main source of energy prioritizing air pollution Training.
for heating buildings in the reduction, matrix diversification
country. and progress towards energy
The policy is divided into independence, integrating the
6 strategic areas: I. More current productive actors of the
efficient buildings; II. sector to improve the quality
Sustainable and quality of life of both rural and urban
firewood; III. Other sources citizens.
of energy derived from wood
for heating; IV. More efficient
technologies for heating; V.
institutional framework, and
VI. Education.

Emission
reductions
Gases
included
expected
(ktCO2eq)
Until March 2018 projects were Follow-up to installed SFV - - -
awarded for 133 buildings, with an and support in maintenance
aggregate installed capacity of management through a monitoring
5.2 MW; 104 projects are built and platform.
connected. During the first half of To promote and strengthen
2018 it is expected to complete and relationship with public institutions
connect the remaining projects. that offer advising and guidance in
project assessment, SFV design, in
addition to training,
strengthening and promoting
operation competences and good
practices, and medium scale SFV
maintenance.
Assessing, designing and
implementing SFVfor self-
consumption with technological
variations (i.e SFV connected with
accumulation).
Systematization and dissemination
of the Program.
During 2016 a proposal for a Preparation of the firewood - - -
quality standard of firewood with standard and control strategy.
the collaboration of a committee of
academic experts was developed. At the same time, the
During the second half of 2017 implementation strategy and the
regional work tables were set up for institutional framework required to
the discussion of the standard. establish a standard of firewood
Energy efficiency labels have been quality will be discussed.
developed for wood and pellet
heaters.

Energy Policy: Energy Policy 2015 The policy proposes a vision PEN proposes goals in There have been
2050 (PEN2050) Implemented of the energy sector to 2050 renewable energies (at least multiple actions aimed at
(Decree and active which corresponds to a sector 60% of electricity generation promoting the penetration
N°148/2015) that is reliable, sustainable, comes from renewable of renewable energies in
inclusive and competitive, sources in 2035 and 70% in the energy matrix and the
based on 4 pillars: 2050), in EE (i.e. 100% of implementation of energy
1. Security and quality of large consumers haveenergy efficiency measures. The
supply, management systems and progress in the goals
2. Energy as an engine for in 2050 100% of main can be reviewed in the
development, appliances are energy annual follow-up reports of
3. Compatibility with the efficient), in the use of fuel PEN20505.
environment and low in GHG emissions and At the end of 2017 the
4. Efficiency and Energy atmospheric pollutants (50% in Plan for GHG mitigation
Education. the energy matrix in 2035 and in the Energy Sector was
65% in 2050), in addition to approved at the Council of
application of the Mitigation Ministers.
Plan by 2035.
In 2050 it is expected that
GHG emissions in the sector
are consistent with defined
boundaries by the science and
national goal, promoting cost-
effective measures.
Solar Strategic Technological 2016 This program, implemented The main goals of the program To date, pre-feasibility
Program Implemented by CORFO’ Solar Committee, are: studies are being carried
and Active aims to take advantage of • LCOE technologies PV out.
the unique landscape of the adapted USD 25 MWh.
Atacama Desert to develop • Investment Attraction.
a national solar industry • Local Value Capture 55 %.
with relevant technological • Export of: engineering
capabilities to face local services, technological
challenges and competitively services, photovoltaic systems,
insert in the international solar etc.
industry. In its implementation • 100 companies to 2025 as
institutions in the public, a part of the value chain in the
private, academia and solar industry.
civil society, both at central
and regional level, work
collaboratively. As a part of
the pathway more than 50
initiatives to be developed
between 2016 and 20125
have been considered,
within which it is possible to
highlight:
- Technological Program
modules and photovoltaic
systems for deserts.
- Solar Technology Center.
- Strengthening of quality
infrastructure.
- Open Innovation platform
and funding for innovation.
- Solar Corridor of Salado
River Basin.
5
http://www.energia2050.cl/es/

Emission
reductions
Gases
included
expected
(ktCO2eq)
Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) As established by Supreme Decree - - -
in the energy sector have increased in N°148 which approves the long-
the last decades, but at a rate lower term Energy Policy, annually a
than the growth of Gross Domestic process of monitoring and follow-up
Product (GDP). of its implementation shall continue.
In addition, in 2020, the update
of the PEN2050 will be carried
out in a participatory manner, with
Strategic Environmental Assessment.
To date, pre-feasibility studies are - - - -

being carried out .

Support mechanisms Economic 2016 Design and implementation Having one more financial Preparation and
for funding the Instrument Implemented of support mechanisms for support mechanism to enable implementation of a
implementation of and Active financing of NCRE projects in micro and small business to browser for financing of
photovoltaic systems micro and small companies. finance the implementation of self-consumption projects
for self-consumption photovoltaic systems for energy NCRE6 (active and updated
in micro and small self-generation. monthly) which collects
enterprises information from state
institutions that have lines
of financing or co-financing
for NCRE projects on a
small scale.
Design and implementation
of a financing mechanism
for photovoltaic systems for
self-consumption in micro
and small companies.
“My Efficient Home” Project 2016 Training program created To sensitize and to train Training and delivery of
Program Implemented in 2016 by the Ministry beneficiaries in matters related efficient kits to families of
and Active of Energy, which delivers to energy efficiency, regarding the municipalities in the
training for energy efficiency the benefits brought by program.
to the most vulnerable families technological replacement and
in the country, a certificate, other practical advice that can Preparation of a booklet
educational material and an be performed both inside and with practical EE advice
efficient kit. outside the home. for the home.
Its implementation is carried Enable the most vulnerable
out by the Regional Ministerial sectors to access energy- EE campaigns focused on
Secretaries (SEREMIS) of efficient technologies. all citizens.
energy through collaboration
agreements with the
municipalities of each region
and/or Provincial Governors.
Electromobility Policy 2017 The Strategy deliveries Articulating public and private "Energy Roadmap 2018-
Strategy in Chile Implemented guidelines and defines the efforts in this field, in order 2022" Agenda which
and active lines of work in the short, to accelerate the introduction features measures that
medium and long term, to of more efficient technologies should be implemented in
facilitate the arrival and use in the country's vehicles and the short term.
of electric cars, considering that Chile is prepared for the Development of work and
the technical and regulatory massive arrival of electric international dissemination
aspects. vehicles. of electromobility.
6
Browser for financing (http://www.minenergia.cl/pfinanciamiento/)
7
Information source: http://www.energia.gob.cl/programa-de-capacitacion-mi-hogar-eficiente

Emission
reductions
Gases
included
expected
(ktCO2eq)
During the first quarter of 2017 the Banco Estado is developing, - - -
self-consumption credit with NCRE together with the Ministry of Energy,
and energy efficiency for small a credit to apply EE measures and
businesses was completed, and in the self-consumption in existing houses,
second quarter the credit for micro which is expected to be launched
businesses, both offered by Banco during 2018.
Estado. In addition, during 2016,
work was performed together with
CORFO in the preparation of a credit
for self-consumption projects with
NCRE within the framework of the
"Loan Contract and performance of
the Renewable Energy and Energy
Efficiency Program: “Refinancing Line
or Phase 1 " held by the Chilean State
and the KfW.
As of December 2017, 111,737 It is intended that the program - - -
families had already been trained who continues until the end of 2018.
were handed over a pack of efficient
light bulbs with estimated savings of
58 GWh/year.
4 booklets were developed with
practical advice for: i. Replacement
of heating equipment, ii. Replacement
of lighting in homes, iii. Use and
maintenance of SST and SFV,
and iv. Infiltration seals in doors
and windows. Platform for energy
rehabilitation of existing housing
developed by the Ministry of
Energy during 2017, which shall be
published during 2018.
EE campaigns focused for all citizens7.
Performing International Seminar on Within the framework of the energy - - -
Electromobility efficiency law a regulation will be
(1 and 2 February 2018) included to promote
efficient transportation, with
emphasis on electromobility.
Development of a platform for
management of fleets energy.

SING-SIC Project 2017 The interconnection of the Take advantage of the clean Creation of the National
Interconnection Completed two largest electrical systems energy generated in various Electric System (SEN).
in the country (the Central areas of Chile that previously
Interconnected System and were not interconnected; Creation of the National
Great North) on a single provide security in the delivery Electrical Coordinator.
system (National Electric of electric supply for families
System). and businesses; to allow
for entry of new players to
the sector; and in the future,
increase the flow of energy
to be exchanged through the
international interconnection
with neighboring countries.
Greenhouse Gas Policy 2017 The GHG mitigation plan in Contributing to the mitigation Plan
Mitigation Plan for the Implemented the energy sector performs an objectives in the country. Dissemination
Energy Sector and active analysis of mitigation actions
proposed in the PEN2050 Development of studies
and proposes a package and proposal of
of mitigation measures for alternative carbon pricing
the sub-sectors of energy instruments (IPC), within
generation, transportation, the framework of the PMR
industry and mining and Chile project.
commercial, public and
residential (CPR).
Long-term energy Regulatory 2017 Within the framework of Develop a process of long-term The Ministry of Energy
planning Implemented the Electricity Transmission energy planning every five developed the first Long-
(Law N° and Active Law (Law N° 20,936 of years for the various energy Term Energy Planning
20,936/2016) 2016), the Ministry of Energy scenarios for expansion in Process (PELP), which
develops the Long-Term generation and consumption, considers scenarios of
energy planning process in a horizon of at least thirty future development of the
(PELP) every five years for the years, so that these scenarios sector and the respective
different energy scenarios of are considered in the planning development poles.
expansion in generation and of transmission systems to be
consumption, in a horizon carried out by the National
of at least thirty years, so Energy Commission.
that these scenarios are
considered in the planning of
the transmission systems to be
carried out by the National
Energy Commission.
8
Information source: www.coordinador.cl
9
Information source: http://pelp.minenergia.cl/ and https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1092695

Emission
reductions
Gases
included
expected
(ktCO2eq)
Currently operational line. - - - -
The National Electrical Coordinator

is standardizing processes and
delivery information to the SEN Public
Information System8.
Currently, the Ministry is in the process Define a portfolio of mitigation CO2, Expected The plan has defined three mitigation
of dissemination of the plan, and projects. N2O, CH4 reductions to scenarios:
promptly will begin its process of 2030 with - Case of Reference "Current Policies":
implementation. Monitoring of the measures. respect to BAU: projection of emissions based on current
In the IPC area, in August 2017 - PEN Goals policies (BAU).
the first stage of the PMR Chile Start a process at a regional level. Scenario: - PEN Goals: It consists principally of
was completed, during which the 17,330 goals and policies associated with the
implementation of the green tax Within the framework of the PMR ktCO2eq National Energy Policy.
was supported, and studies were Chile additional phase: developing - Additional - Additional Effort: built under the
developed to assess IPC alternatives a platform of mitigation actions in Effort Scenario: assumption of a more demanding goal
in Chile, and a proposal for IPC the energy sector. 24,140 of reduction, always within the PEN
alternatives was made. In September ktCO2eq framework .
2017 the additional phase of the Development of a model of impact
project was started. analysis of climate change policies.
On March 9, 2018 the Long- Every five years the PELP will - - -
term Energy Planning Decree was be updated pursuant to Law N°
published, in the time and manner as 20,936.
determined by the General Law for Annually, the inputs used in the
Electrical Services and the respective PELP can be updated, keeping the
Regulation9. energy scenarios.
A new PELP could be triggered
before five years, if the Ministry
considers it appropriate due to
important modifications of the
assumptions applied in the previous
year.

Decarbonization table Voluntary 2018 Under a market vision the Not to build more coal-fired Currently, the Ministry
of the energy matrix Actions Implemented companies signed a voluntary power plants that do not is carrying out the work
and active agreement to undertake a include CO2 capture. tables.
process of decarbonization
of the matrix. The Ministry It is expected in the future
cooperates through a not to count on emissions
multidisciplinary coordination by coalpower plants,
and the collection of either through the gradual
background information, cessation of their operation
in order to strengthen the or reconversion of the plants,
discussion at the labor, supply or the implementation of
security , economic and technology to capture CO2.
environmental areas.
2018-2022 Policy 2018 The 2018-2022 Energy Some of the main goals in In June 2018, the
Energy Roadmap Implemented Roadmap defines the work to mitigation are: decarbonization table of
and active be prioritized in the energy - Increase in at least 10 times the energy matrix was
sector over the next four the electric vehicles in the started.
years, based on 7 axes of country.
work: - Establish a regulatory In July 2018, the tradable
1: Energy Modernization framework for energy emission mechanisms
2: Energy with a social seal efficiency (EE). table and the tradable
3: Energy Development - Updating and incorporation emission certificates table
4: Low-carbon energy of new products to the EE were started.
5: Efficient transportation labelling program.
6: Energy Efficiency - Start Process of
7: Energy Education and decarbonization of the energy
Training matrix
- Reach four times the
current capacity of small
scale renewable distributed
generation.
- Create public-private work
tables on mechanisms of
tradable emission and tradable
certificates.
- Implement the GHG
Mitigation Plan in the Energy
Sector.
S/I: no information.
10
https://www.cne.cl/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/rutaenergetica2018-2022.pdf

Emission
reductions
Gases
included
expected
(ktCO2eq)
In June 2018 the work table started Development of the planned work - - -
and will last throughout the 2018 until tables to provide background
the beginning of 2019, with monthly information on the environmental,
meetings. labor, social-economic, electrical,
and health effects.
Progress has been made in the Implementation and follow-up of the - - -

implementation of actions of the 7 measures of the Energy Roadmap
axes of the Energy Roadmap. within the next four years10.

Table A. 2. Measures related to the mitigation of GHG emissions in the Transportation sector
Name Type Year and status Description Objectives/Goals

Labelling of energy Regulatory 2016 Supreme Decree N° 107, of 18 July 2016, the Allow consumers to include in their
consumption and Implemented and Ministry of Energy, extends the application of decision to purchase information
CO2 emissions in active labelling to light, medium, electric and hybrid on vehicle fuel consumption and
light and medium commercial vehicles and instructs on the regulation CO2 emissions, contributing to strive
vehicles of labelling of energy consumption for motor in making informed decisions to
vehicles. It should be noted that Chile was the first reduce energy consumption by the
Latin American country to implement a mandatory transportation sector and contribute to
labelling for these purposes. the mitigation of climate change and
air pollution.
Management Policy 2017 In order to comply with this specific measure, there Generation of infrastructure to support
of the Public Implemented and are plans to carry out the following transportation and inclusion of more
Transportation active actions: clean technologies.
System in Santiago A1. Build new axes of mobility with segregated A1. 30 kilometers of segregated
(Transantiago) public transportation lanes.
provided with buses. A2. 60 kilometers of priority lanes.
A2. Enable new priority lanes for the public A3. 40 % of the current buses fleet
transportation provided with buses. renewed by 2022.
A3. Renew fleet of buses. A4. 100 clean technology buses in
A4. Promote the use of buses with clean operation.
technologies
Renewal of the Project 2018 Santiago's Public Transportation System Improve the quality of transportation,
fleet of the Public Implemented and (Transantiago) needs to renew 2,855 operating increase the efficiency of the
Transportation active buses out of a total of approx. 6,500 by means of transportation system, and reduce
System in Santiago a tender of new buses with better technology. local and global emissions.
(Transantiago)
Renew your bus Economic 2011 Subsidy associated to the law of Subsidy to Public Modernize the existing fleet public
program Incentive Implemented and Transportation (Law 20,378), which allows to transportation buses with less
active access for funding the renovation of old buses for polluting vehicles, more efficient and
public transportation, either in regions and in the safer. Replace old buses with newer
rural area of the Metropolitan Region, by new and more efficient buses in different
buses with better technology and less polluting. areas of the city of Santiago. The
program considers the possibility of
scrapping and replacement with used
vehicles.
Renew your Economic 2015 The Law of National Subsidy to Public Modernization of the existing
collective taxi Incentive Implemented and Transportation creates a subsidy delivered by collective taxis fleet with less polluting
Program active Regional Governments (GORE) for the replacement vehicles, with standards of superior
of collective taxis with less polluting vehicles in quality, more efficient and safer.
regions.
Replacement program of collective taxis with
more efficient vehicles. Delivery of subsidies for
replacement of light vehicles used as collective
taxis with more modern vehicles, considering
scrapping of vehicles replaced in some cases.
11 And 12
Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Public Account, 2017

Actions implemented Progress Planned actions
In June 2017 expands the labelling to medium, S/I S/I
commercial and different energy matrix cars, such as
different models that use electricity or whose engine is
hybrid.
Vicuña Mackenna corridor implementation in March Improvement by 34% in the buses’ movement by During 2018 the new authorities will
2018, and segregated bus lanes of 8.8 kilometers the new corridor Vicuna Mackenna during the continue conducting assessments to the
from a total of 24 kilometers of new only buses lanes first month of full operation of the segregated lane various infrastructure projects that have
in streets of high traffic flow between 2014 and project, that allows exclusive movement of buses been made in recent years, and that are
2017. between Puente Alto and Santiago. The works have beginning to operate to make progress
also made it possible to reduce travel times between in new segregated lanes for public
2 electric buses operating in Transantiago since 2017. 20 and 30 minutes. transportation or priority lanes.
In 2017, a preliminary definition was carried out of In June 2018, the bidding process is in the process During the second half of 2018 the
the conditions for the bidding process to renew the of re-structuring. bidding rules will be prepared. During
fleet of the Transantiago, where an instance of public 2019, a new tender system will be
consultation was carried out in order to consider and awarded, which is an essential part of
gather the opinion of the citizenship. the Transportation Project of the Third
Millennium11.
Implementation of the program in all regions of the Since the start of the program and until 2017, there The renew your bus program will
country. has been a replacement of 4,094 more modern continue to perform at least until 2020.
buses with better technology, environmentally
friendly12.
Implementation of the program in all regions of the The program for the renewal of collective taxis The program renew your collective taxi
country. allowed to subsidize until 2017 the replacement of will continue to perform until at least
more than 6,200 older vehicles with more modern 2020.
cars, efficient and safer for users.

Green Tax for Regulatory 2015 The tax reform, incorporated green taxes in order Encourage the entry of less polluting
New Motor Implemented and to reduce pollution locally and globally, through vehicles, allowing a cleaner and
Vehicles active incentives that seek to generate changes in the more efficient fleet of vehicles.
behavior of the actors responsible of emissions, as Mobile sources are a part of the most
pointed out by the principle of the Law of General polluting sectors at a national level
Bases on the Environment in the "polluter pays" and the second that contributes the
principle. most to the generation of greenhouse
Article N°3 of Law 20,780, indicates that: gases. These, in addition, represent
"new motor vehicles, light and medium, with the about 30 % of the emissions at
exceptions in this article, shall pay, only once, an a national level and 90% in the
additional tax expressed in monthly tax units". Metropolitan Region of nitrogen oxide
The tax began to govern all those who buy a (NOx). These gases are considered
new vehicle for private use, recorded in the toxic, irritating and precursors to
Register of Motor Vehicles of the Civil Registry and the formation of PM2.5 and ozone,
Identification Service (SRCEI), starting in December harmful to the health of the people.
29, 2014.
The tax is associated to the Tax Reform Act, which
applies only once to new cars, light and medium,
depending on their urban performance.
Measures of the Regulatory 2017 Compulsory measure referred to in the Reduce emissions of fine particles
Transportation Implemented and Decontamination Plan of the RM. In 1997 the first (called MP2,5) and reduce black
Sector in the active Cleanup Plan was formalized in the RM. After carbon (BC) short-lived climate
Decontamination 20 years, the Plan is updated for the fourth time, contaminant contained in the fine
Plan of the focusing its efforts on reducing emissions of fine particles, with the aim of improving
Metropolitan particles (MP2,5), with the co-benefit of reducing air quality in the Metropolitan Region,
Region (RM)13. black carbon (BC), short-lived climate contaminant. contribute to the climate and reduce
This measure will be mandatory from November the cost in health.
24, 2019.
Expansion of Private Sector 2017 In 2012 the construction of 2 new metro lines was Increase in 37 kilometers the Metro
Metro de Santiago Implemented and announced, line 6 and line 3, which would start de Santiago network, benefiting
network active their operation in 2017 and 2018 respectively, about 1.1 million inhabitants,
adding a total of 37 km to the current network. improving public transportation by
The total investment of lines 3 and 6 is USD3,049 reducing travel times considerably,
million. and therefore the quality of life of
Santiago inhabitants.
Suburban Railway Private Sector 2017 The service of the suburban railway MetroTren Reduce travel times from the south
MetroTren Implemented and Alameda Nos is a part of the Integrated System area of Nos to Santiago downtown,
Alameda Nos active of Public Transportation and is an alternative of and increase the number of
mobilization for thousands of people who must passengers moved downtown safely
travel to the center of Santiago, it was inaugurated and more efficiently.
in March 2017. The investment was USD635 MM.
13
Plan of Prevention and Atmospheric Decontamination for the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, S.D. N°31, 2016, the MMA, published 24
November 2017 in the Official Gazette
, and 17 Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Public Account 2017
14 16
15
Metro de Santiago, retrieved on July 23, 2018: https://www.metro.cl/minisitio/linea-3-y-6/noticias/presidenta-bachelet-visi-
ta-obras-de-la-nueva-linea-3-de-metro-y-destaca-beneficios-de-su-extension-hacia-quilicura.html

In 2017, the tax meant a collection of USD99 million, In April 2018 a study entitled: "Retrospective Continue with the collection of the green
of which 40% corresponds to vehicles using diesel oil Analysis of the implementation of Green Taxes on tax on motor vehicles.
and a 60% to vehicles using gasoline. It should be Cars" was completed, which results show that there
noted that diesel vehicles account for about 15% of are areas of improvement in terms of green taxes for
the sale of light vehicles. While the years 2015 and the tax to be more effective.
2016, the collection amounted to USD35 million (US
dollar year 2015) and USD 73 million (US dollar year
2016) respectively, recording an increase of 39.4%
compared to 2015. Meanwhile, the average emission
of nitrogen oxides of the new vehicles was reduced by
10.5% compared to 2015.
It is an action of compulsory nature contemplated in a S/I From November 2019, the new
decree of the Ministry of Environment, published in the buses of public transportation in the
Official Gazette in November 2017. Metropolitan Region must comply with
the Euro VI standard or EPA2010,
emission control methods will be
implemented in the public roads for
diesel vehicles to detect damaged
vehicles, machinery out of route with a
power between 56 and 560 kW shall
use particle filters used by the public
sector, other machinery shall comply
with the emission standard Stage IIIA of
the European Community of 2004.
Line 6 was inaugurated on November 2nd 2017, with Line 3 is in 80% of progress status. In addition, it In January 2019 Line 3 will open, with
an extension of 15 kilometers, 10 stations and a route is expected that 60% of the energy requirements in an extension of 22 kilometers and 18
that connects 7 districts14. Line 3 of metro are covered with NCRE15. stations. Considering the next Line
3, the metro network will have 140
kilometers of tracks and will mobilize
daily more than 2.3 million people16.
It features 20.3 kilometers long, connects the district of On February 19, 2018 the service of the suburban Starting in 2019, progress will be made
Estación Central with Nos district, with 10 stations. railway reached 10 million trips, which means a shift in the construction of underground paths
of 50,000 passengers daily on average on work to implement a new service of Metrotren
days of week. While the weekends the average is Rancagua17.
24,960. https://www.trencentral.cl/

Giro Limpio Project Project 2017 The Giro Limpio project seeks to implement Certify carriers and load generators,
for Certification Implemented and a public - private program at a national level particularly with diesel, through the
and Validation active to improve energy efficiency in road cargo creation of the of certification seal,
of the Freight transportation through the reduction in fuel called"Giro Limpio” (Clean Turn)",
Transportation of consumption, thus to reduce transportation costs for reduction in fuel consumption and
the Transforma and greenhouse gas emissions in the sector. reduction of emissions generated
Logistics Program by your fleet, which will have a
by CORFO monitoring system to enter key
for cargo indicators and to verify compliance
transportation by with the reductions.
road and ports.
Sustainability Project 2017 The project seeks to generate an evaluation Having a tool validated by the sector
Certification Implemented and tool allowing to address major environmental, to assess the sustainability of public
Project for active economic and social challenges of port activity and private ports at the end of
ports of the in Chile, considering feasibility, gradualness and 2018. Its objective is to consolidate
Logistics Program willingness as key points in the implementation. It and ensure the viability of clean
Transforma by is led by the Agency of Sustainability and Climate production agreements in all public
CORFO for cargo Change, and at the Committee participate SEP, and private ports.
transportation by UNAB, Transforma Logística, Under Secretary
road and ports. of Transportation, CEPAL, Grupo EFE, Embassy
of Denmark, Camport, Corfo. In addition, other
collaborators are the port of Valparaiso, port of
San Antonio, Agunsa, Portuaria TSV, Ultramar,
SAAM, SAG, Direcon, Directemar, Anagena, port
of Arica, GNL Quintero, Puerto Ventanas.
Suburban railway Project 2017 Biotren is a suburban metropolitan service that has Increase the suburban passenger
in Biobio region, Implemented and gradually evolved to position itself in the public transportation in greater Concepción,
Biotren. active transportation of Greater Concepcion. Extended reducing travel time and the
to Coronel district on February 29, 2016, the consumption of fossil fuels.
passengers increased from 5,500 to more than
18,000 per day.
Merval Suburban Project 2018 Merval is a suburban metropolitan service of Increase the suburban passenger
train in Valparaíso Implemented and integrated public transportation of passengers, transportation of the Great Valparaiso
Region active through an efficient and reliable system, which reducing travel time and the
contributes to improve mobility in the conurbation consumption of fossil fuels.
of Great Valparaiso and the quality of life of its
inhabitants.

In 2017, Andrés Bello University was awarded a A seminar was conducted to launch the project, This program will end in December
public good of energy efficiency, with which the organized together with the SmartWay group of US 2019.
certification system is under development. EPA on August 23, 2018.
As of March 2018, the results of the study: Currently, the Agency of Sustainability and Climate The goal during 2018 is collecting the
"Sustainability Standard for ports of Chile", prepared Change submitted to the Managing Committee a base line in at least all public ports.
by Deloitte and the German-Chilean Chamber, proposal for the next steps, including validation
developed during 2017, and which objective is to activities with public and private ports, and the
generate an assessment tool that allows to address performing of a pilot that allows to test the tool in
major environmental, economic, and social challenges some ports of Chile on a voluntary basis, to test
of port activity in Chile. the applicability of the tool proposed by the above
mentioned study.
The last extension of Biotren was to Coronel and Biotren frequency has been improved. Continue promoting Biotren service,
considered the construction of 40 kilometers of tracks. through the use of the Law of National
Subsidy to Public Transportation, and
the acquisition of new rolling material
and infrastructure improvement.
Studies on the line expansion from Limache to La Studies in the development stage of detailed It is expected to initiate a bidding
Calera. engineering are available, which is the last stage process for the expansion of the Merval
prior to the tender. line.

Suburban trains in Project 2018 To extend the coverage of suburban trains in the Increase the suburban passenger
the Metropolitan Implemented and Metropolitan Region. transportation in the Metropolitan
Region active Region reducing travel time the
consumption of fossil fuels.
Smart Cities Policy 2014 Sets the framework for the development of smart Guide the actions towards the
Strategy Implemented and cities for transportation in Chile, also known as technological development of the
2014-2020 active Smart Mobility, which is based on the definition transportation system (ITS) and
of a vision, objectives, fundamental principles, ecosystems in collaboration around
agents involved, approach to the process of it, where different actors that are a
transformation, base conditions, priority focus and part of the city co-build collaborative,
roadmap. sustainable and inclusive spaces,
to respond to the current and future
mobility needs.
Measures for the Policy 2017 The Plan of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation for Reduce GHG emissions in the
Transportation Under the Energy Sector was published in December, Transportation sector, in particular
Sector contained implementation 2017 and it considers five lines of action for the the most important subsector: road
in the Energy Transportation Sector: 1) To foster the market transportation, which is responsible
Mitigation Plan. for low-emission means of transportation; 2) for 88.9% of the total emissions of the
technological replacement of public transportation; sector. Emphasizes that the Energy
3) investment in efficient ways; 4) Increasing Plan also mentions that the objective
the standards of energy efficiency in road is to reduce the local and global
transportation; and 5) supporting policies to pollutants.
improve urban planning for sustainable urban
mobility.
Table A. 3. Measures related to the mitigation of GHG emissions from Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses
Name Type Year and status Description

National Strategy • Economic Instrument 2010 -2025 Basic principles that guide the ENCCRV:
on Climate Change • Voluntary Actions Implemented and - To stimulate the provision of environmental services such as water
and Vegetation • Regulatory active resources, land productivity, cultural values and landscape, among others,
Resources • Information through the reduction of deforestation and devegetation, forest degradation
(ENCCRV) • Research and vegetational resources, and at the same time promoting the sustainable
• Education management of forests and vegetation resources, mainly afforestation and
revegetation with native species, and the restoration of degraded forests
and xerophytic formations.
- A key instrument to fulfill the goal contained in the INDC forest:
A) 100,000 ha of plantations mainly with native species. Indicator: forested
area per year with spatial representation.
B) 100,000 ha of sustainable forest management. Indicator: Area of
managed forests, including areas where degradation and deforestation was
avoided with spatial representation.
18
Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Public Account 2017

Studies of two new suburban train lines: 1) From Studies of basic and detailed engineering are It is expected to initiate the bidding
Batuco until Quinta Normal; 2) from Melipilla to available. Currently, the projects for these two lines process when the environmental
Maipu. are being tested in the Environmental Assessment approval is obtained, a favorable
System - SEA. environmental qualification resolution
by the SEA.
Collaboration has been given to companies and Continue to improve access to transit information for No later than June 2019, a mobile
public entities to analyze traffic patterns through both private vehicles and public transportation. app will be launched that allows users
mobile signals, developing pilot use of GPSs and to review journey times and the arrival
bluetooth for transit management. In addition, an of public transportation buses, without
agreement was signed with Waze company, that meaning a decrease in data traffic from
allows reporting incidents of transit in the mobile app. your mobile plan.
In partnership with Google and Moovit, travel

planners were implemented in 19 cities across the
country18.
S/I S/I. S/I
Objectives/Goals Actions implemented Progress Planned actions

To facilitate the establishment of a legal, ENCCRV document under public Commitment of 100,000 ha of S/I
technical, operational and financial consultation process includes: afforestation: between 900,000
platform to regulate and promote the - Definition of main causes of GHG and 1,200,000 tCO2eq / year
conservation, recovery and rational use of emissions in the sector. mainly with native species, and
resources of vegetation, from a rationale - Definition of activities and courses of 100,000 ha of recovery and
that contribute to climate change mitigation action, operational goals over time within a sustainable management of native
and adaptation, and the consequent span of 2017 to 2025. forest: 600,000 tCO2eq / year,
processes of desertification, drought and - Determination of sub-national reference both commitments starting in 2030.
land degradation, with emphasis on those levels (Maule to Los Lagos regions).
territories with higher social, economic and Starting the implementation of restoration It is expected to report in 2018
environmental vulnerability of the country. projects of forest ecosystems affected by the first monitoring milestone, and
fires and forestry prevention. accounting for reductions and
effective capture.

Table A. 4. Measures related to the mitigation of GHG emissions of the Waste sector
Name Type Year and status Description Objectives/Goal

National Solid Waste Policy 2005 Promotes the proper disposal of solid The Solid Waste National Unity from the
Management Program Implemented waste in landfills (RS), and the closure Secretary of Regional Development (SUBDERE)
and active of final disposal facilities without sani- runs the National Plan for Solid Waste
tary or environmental authorization. Management, with the aim of improving health
conditions and environmental quality issues in
urban and rural centers at the national level,
through the implementation of comprehensive
and sustainable systems for the efficient
management of solid waste.
Law N° 20,920 Regulatory 2016 It establishes that producers The objective is to reduce waste generation and
Framework Law for Waste Implemented (manufacturers and importers) to promote reuse, recycling or valuation, thus pro-
Management, Extended and respective of "priority products" must be tecting the lives of people and the environment,
Liability of Producer and regulations accountable for the goods once they which requires both manufacturers and importers
Promotion of Recycling under finish their useful life. For this, the of six priority products to recover a percentage
(REP). development law sets goals for the collection and of their products once they finish their life: lubri-
recovery differences by product. cating oils, electrical and electronic equipment,
Priority products are: lubricating oils, automotive batteries and batteries, packages and
electrical and electronic equipment, packing material, tires.
batteries, packages and packing
material, tires.
Recycling Fund Economic 2017 Fund for the prevention of generation, The objective is to finance all or part of projects,
Incentive Implemented the promotion of waste reuse and programs and actions to prevent the generation
and active recovery. of waste, encourage their source separation,
Allows financing projects of selective collection, reuse, recycling and other
municipalities and associations of valuation performed by municipalities or their
municipalities, aimed at preventing associations.
the generation of waste in their
districts and to promote its separation,
reuse, recycling and other type of
recovery, in two lines of action:
citizens awareness, and promotion of
municipal technical knowledge and of
base recyclers.

It is emphasized that in 2017, for the first time a compost- During 2017 4,672 million pesos were invested, 80% of these S/I
ing plant of organic waste, located in Santa Juana Biobio resources will be concentrated in the acquisition of equipment,
Region, was financed by the National Plan for Solid Waste in particular in the acquisition of collection trucks, the remaining
from the Secretary of Regional Development (SUBDERE), 20% in construction of solid waste management plants, training
with the support of the Regional Government (GORE) of public workers related to the preparation of waste projects,
and its directors, in addition to receiving the support of and closure of landfill sites.
the mitigation project of climate pollutants in the Waste
Sector through the Chile- Canada Program. Investment in
civil works was approximately 500 million pesos and in
equipment and vehicles, approximately 300 million pesos
that are in the process of acquisition. The program Chile –
Canada supplied the equipment for the plant, with a cost
of USD200,000 in addition to training for plant operators
during commissioning and operation instructions which will
translate into an operational handbook.
Enacted on May 17, 2016, and published in the Official 1) D.S. N° 8 of the Ministry of Environment, which regulates Continue with the
Gazette on June 1, 2016. the procedure for the preparation of supreme decrees that law implementation
establish instruments designed to prevent the generation of through the develop-
waste or promote their recovery, as well as the procedure for ment and implemen-
the preparation of supreme decrees which set goals and other tation of regulations
related obligations. to establish recovery
2) D.S. N° 7 establishes that the Ministry of Environment has goals for the priority
a fund for prevention of generation, promotion of reuse and products.
recovery of waste.
3) Exempt Resolution N° 1,491 of the Ministry of Environment,
of December 22, 2017, which started the preparation process of
the supreme decree that establishes goals for the collection and
recovery and other duties associated with tires.
4) Exempt Resolution N° 1.492 of the Ministry of Environment,
of December 22, 2017, which started the preparation process
of the supreme decree that establishes goals for the collection,
valuation and other obligations associated to packages and
packing material, and regulates a packages deposit-refund
system.
Enacted on March 17, 2017 and published in the Official 33 Proposals were awarded at 8 regions. The total amount Currently, projects that
Gazette on October 17, 2017 allocated is approx. 359 million pesos. have applied are un-
der evaluation and on
June 12 of June pro-
jects to be financed
will be awarded.

Name Type Year and status Description Objectives/Goal
Mitigation of Climate Project 2016 Cooperation Program to reduce 1) Reduction of methane emissions through the
Pollutants in the Waste Implemented pollutants that damage the climate, implementation of technology in at least seven
Sector through the Chile - and active and to contribute with funding to cities.
Canada Program reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants. 2) Development of a system for tracking,
monitoring and reporting of methane reductions
(MRV).
3) Leverage of public and private financing for
the implementation of the projects and support to
create enabling conditions that allow scale up of
the program.
4) Support with technical assistance
communication opportunities and dissemination
of the project.
Table A. 5. Measures related to the mitigation of GHG emissions of the Mining sector

Measures for Policy 2017 Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Plan for the Energy Sector was published in December
the Industry and Under 2017, which main objective is to assess the impact on emissions reduction measures
Mining sector of the implementation laid down in the National Energy Policy and its role is to support the country in
Greenhouse Gases order to achieve an economy and energy matrix significantly lower in carbon. This
Mitigation Plan for the Plan establishes actions towards 2030 for industry and mining, such as of energy
Energy sector efficiency measures through minimum standards of efficiency in industrial and mining
equipment, and the development of the energy efficiency market in mining and
industry to reduce fuel consumption.
Energy efficiency Projects 2014 Since 2014, an agreement exists between the Mining Council and the Ministry of
measures for mining Under Energy which aim is that mining companies implement and/or strengthen the Energy
by the Agency of implementation Management System (SSG) with international standards, to incorporate Energy
Sustainable Energy. . Efficiency in the assessment and design of mining projects, awareness their staff and
suppliers in the efficient use of energy resources".
Table A. 6. Measures related to mitigation of GHG emissions of the Building, Urbanization and Public Infrastructure (Public Works)
sector
Incorporation of non-conventional Policy 2017 Currently, several of the Directorates implementing projects include NCRE in their
renewable energies (NCRE) in Information Planned infrastructure works, such as the Port Works Directorate, the Airports Directorate
the execution of MOP Public and the Roads Directorate. These initiatives do not respond to a public policy of the
Infrastructure MOP, rather to isolated actions related to the budget allocated to the work.

The Chile - Canada program contributed with equipment for Currently, work is done with seven cities to design and imple- The project is devel-
the composting plant of Santa Juana district, in particular ment projects that will stop disposal of organic waste in landfills oped from April 2017
with a front loader and a shovel from the charger, with a using technologies such as composting or anaerobic digestion. until March 2021,
cost of USD200,000, in addition to training plant operators In addition, the possibility of increasing the capture of biogas expecting that at the
for commissioning and operation instructions that will trans- from landfills is being evaluated, of the landfills that are feasible end of the period
late into an operation handbook of composting plants for in these seven cities. Finally, these projects are expected to serve emissions of climate
future composting projects. as an example to leverage other similar projects in Chile. pollutants are reduced
significantly in the
projects implemented
at the end of 2021.
Objectives/Goal Actions implemented Progress Planned actions

Reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the Currently, updating the information of the sector to S/I S/I
sector of industry and mining in 2.38 establish minimum standards for energy efficiency, it
MtCO2eq by 2030. also is engaging the sector through workshops and/or
seminars for the dissemination within the sector during
2018.
Incorporating Energy Efficiency in the The companies members of the Council underwent S/I S/I
assessment and design of mining projects, independent energy audits, on the basis of which
reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse action plans were developed, analyzed with the
gas emissions. Ministry of Energy.
Objectives/ Goals Actions implemented Progress Planned actions
That 25% of the bids in public infrastructure The inclusion of NCRE is S/I During 2018 it considers the
include criteria for energy efficiency and currently envisioned in some development of a methodology
sustainability by 2022. projects, but not as a public that will quantify GHG reduction
policy. in infrastructure works.

Incorporation of energy Policy 2006 Inside the MOP an institution has been created from this subject, with the Sub-
efficiency and environmental Regulatory Implemented department of Energy Efficiency at the Architecture Directorate. However, all this
comfort in public building Technological Planned effort has not been linked to climate change, even if there is a direct relationship.
performed by the MOP Therefore, it is necessary to account for and systematize GHG reduction that is
being carried out through the construction of public building, so as to make visible
and contributing to the commitments that Chile has undertaken regarding mitigation
to climate change.
Measurement and management Information 2018 It is in the interest of the Ministry to calculate the Carbon Footprint (HdC) during
of the Carbon Footprint in the Planned the construction phase of the infrastructure works in order to assess the measures
works of infrastructure and public that allow for reduction in the short, medium and long-term. In order to facilitate
building performed by the MOP the incorporation of this management tool, it is considered to incorporate this
tool gradually, and to carry out the calculation through pilot cases by the type of
work, in particular emphasizing the measures related with the reduction of GHG
emissions.
Reduction of GHG emissions in Technological 2017 Currently, the Roads Directorate (DV) has heavy machinery and it is in its interest to
the MOP machinery. Implemented provide the machinery with the eco-efficiency criterion, thereby contributing to the
Planned reduction of GHG emissions. To this end, there are plans to incorporate equipment
to the fleet, to measure and report GHG emissions in the stage of idle speed.
Implementing a platform to Information 2018 It is required to implement a technological development so that executing
measure and account for the Planned Directorates may enter a GHG reduction per project, and at the same time having
reduction of GHG emissions from tools that enable measuring, reporting and verifying such reductions.
the MOP
Table A. 7. Measures related to the mitigation of GHG emissions of the Building, Urbanization and Public Infrastructure (Housing
and Urban Planning) sector
Name Type Year and status Description Objectives/ Goals

Subsidy for Thermal Economic 2005 This grant allows to improve Decrease by 30% of the demand for
Conditioning of Incentive Implemented the thermal insulation of social housing or consumption of fuels for residential heating.
Housing and whose appraisal does not exceed 650 UF,
active allowing benefitted families to make savings in
heating and decrease the condensation effects
inside of the house.

Objectives/ Goals Actions implemented Progress Planned actions
• 25% of the bids in public building include Of a total of 24 projects For 2018, 5 projects During 2018, in accordance to
energy efficiency and sustainability criteria to designed by the Architecture CES certified and 37 pre- what was considering in the
2019 and with Certification of Sustainable Directorate of the MOP in 2017, certified were available. It Infrastructure plan, work will
Buildings (CES). 20 considered energy efficiency should be noted that, as a be done on the development
• 30% of the bids in public building include in their designs. And of these, 22 result of the rationale for of a methodology to quantify
criteria for energy efficiency and sustainability to had the CES Certification. projects performance of the GHG emissions, both at the
2021 and CES Certification. Architecture Directorate, base line as savings resulting
• 40% of the bids in public building include which acts on the basis of from the implementation of
criteria for energy efficiency and sustainability to third parties’ requirements, energy efficiency criteria and,
2022 and CES Certification. the projects portfolio of is in addition, to incorporate this
determined during the year. calculation in the Certification of
Sustainable Building.
• Counting with methodologies for measuring To date, a study carried out In 2018, it will start with Carry out trainings to MOP
and managing HdC by typologies of MOP in 2012 is available, which the development of studies workers; search for funding to
works. analyzed a public building and to fulfill the commitment carry out specific studies and
• In 2022, having 35% of MOP portfolio proposed a methodology to incrementally. development of pilot cases.
incorporating measurement and management of measure the HdC in the stage of
HdC to tenders. operation.
• Implement eco-efficiency measures to DV fleet A pilot case was conducted Currently there are 7 The installation of filters for 5
of machinery. to determine the filters and machines with particle filter machines per year has been
• Training operators of machinery of the DV implementing then in the DV for black carbon. scheduled until completing the
of the MOP, regarding to the importance machinery. The total fleet of the entire machinery of the DV.
of avoiding idling in the operation of the DV is 550 machines.
machinery, in order to avoid generation of GHG
emissions.
• Incorporating measures of efficiency in public
works contracts for the operation of machinery
off road.
• In 2022, 25% of machinery off road of the DV
incorporate eco-efficiency criteria, considering
both new machinery and the already existing.
• In 2022 to have a 100% operational platform There are not implemented Measure to be implemented Search for financing and/or
and that 45% of MOP projects report their GHG actions. in five years. strategic alliances with other
emissions. ministries for the fulfillment of this
measure.

• Within the framework of the Energy Agenda, MINVU During 2017, 12,449 grants have been In 2018 the implementation of
committed the annual delivery of at least the equivalent to 1 allocated (UF1,392,808) for thermal regular subsidies will continue, and
million UF in thermal conditioning grants for housing conditioning according to standard in force, thermal application in new areas
located between Coquimbo and Magallanes, and a special and 7,199 subsidies (UF1,652,255) have with Atmospheric Decontamination
allowance in areas with Atmospheric Decontamination been applied under standards defined by Plans (PDA new and 2nd stage).
Plans. Atmospheric Decontamination Plans that
year, totaling UF3,045,064 for improving the
thermal conditioning of households.

Thermal regulation Regulatory 2000 It intends to make progress in the The gradual implementation of this standard
(3rd stage) Implemented implementation of a new standard for would make it possible to reduce energy
and active the thermal house wrap, improving their demand for heating in houses by 30%. The
performance and livability. This involves the increase of the standard over the current
corresponding modifications to the specific demands, will have a positive impact on the
regulations (General Ordinance of Urbanism energy performance of housing and its livability
and Construction - OGUC). (ventilation and air infiltration, thermal bridges,
doors and condensation), which could reduce
pathologies and ensure the quality of the indoor
air. This objective is a part of the commitments
set out in the Energy Agenda.
Energy Rating of Information In 2012, starts The Energy Rating of Housing (CEV) is an Promoting energy efficiency through the
Houses to operate. instrument designed and implemented by the delivery of objective information about the
Between 2016 MINVU and the Ministry of Energy. This tool energy performance of a house (incorporate
and 2017, allows making an objective and standardized energy criterion in the decision to purchase).
development assessment to estimate and classify the
of updated energy requirement of a house to obtain a
version. In temperature considered comfortable for its
2018, entry users.
into force of
the updated
version.
Sustainable Information In 2016, in The standard corresponds to voluntary Being a reference document of high standard
construction Voluntary force, and standards of sustainable construction for the design, construction and operation
standards for Actions updated in for houses in six categories: Health and of new or renovated houses, based on the
Chilean houses 2017 Wellbeing, Energy, Water, Environmental incorporation of sustainability parameters,
impact, Materials and Waste and surrounded promoting continuous improvement in
environment. sustainable construction.
Certification of Economic Under Voluntary system of housing environmental Accelerating the transition towards a
Sustainable Housing Instrument development, certification, which assess different construction that incorporates sustainability
Information to be launched sustainability criteria of the construction attributes, through the valuation of housing
in 2019 throughout its life cycle (design, construction, providing objective and reliable information.
operation).
Reduce the deficit Project 2015 Parks are an urban equipment offering Parks Construction Plan:
of green areas Implemented multiple eco-systemic services. They offer open 34 new Urban Parks.
in the country, and spaces allowing to carry out a wide variety Park Conservation Program:
through investment active of outdoor activities that are beneficial for according to the budget for the
in conservation people’s health. They also play an important following years, the corresponding annual
and construction of environmental role in climate regulation, runoff goals will be defined.
parks and squares. regulation, infiltration of rainwater, capture of
pollutants, being the habitat for wildlife and
contribute with biodiversity to urban habitats.

In 2000 the first phase of the thermal regulation (thermal The new thermal standard for housing has It is expected to move forward
insulation in roofs) was implemented. been incorporated at zones enacting new in the corresponding regulatory
In 2007 the second phase of the regulations (thermal Atmospheric Decontamination Plans (Art. modification to generate a
conditioning of walls, ventilated floors, and percentage of 4.1.10 Bis, OGUC). residential thermal standard at a
windows) is implemented. national level.
Development of a handbook for Implementation of
theRegulation.
In 2013, a study was developed to update the thermal
regulation (Art. 4.1.10 - OGUC).
Between 2016 and 2017, a study was conducted to analyze
the impact of the series of initiatives and regulatory changes,
proposed and approved in the housing market.
Nine processes of accreditation for energy assessors. In December 31, 2017: Implementation of updated
Development of updated version that refines the calculation 744 accredited energy assessors version during 2018.
engine and includes new parameters of the thermal About 37,000 houses have been assessed The performance of two
regulations contained in article 4.1.10 bis of the OGUC (for (approximately 69% social and 31% private). accreditation processes for
areas with PDA). Approximately 60% of the homes assessed energy assessors per year is
Development of control protocol. achieved rating D or higher (houses with good expected.
efficiency standard). In the private houses It is expected to implement the
assessed, more than 60% achieves rating C or control protocol. .
higher. It is expected that the CEV is used
as an Accreditation mechanism
of thermal regulation.
In November 2016 the Sustainable Construction Standards During 2017 standards were updated simplifying There is not any planned action.
were launched, based on the sustainable construction code. some processes, references, formulas and
calculation methodologies were amended.
The following stages have been completed so far: Currently, under calibration phase and starting in 2018 activities are: Application
May the pilot stage will start. Guide, finish computer platform,
Definition of minimum variables to declare a housing system control, development
sustainable. of courses for advisors and a
A weighting pattern for scores was established by category communications event.
and by variables.
Scores were set using the weighting pattern mentioned
above, regarding as reference surveys conducted at a
national level.
A model of governance and sustainability has been defined
for the system.
Definition of a regulatory framework.
Definition of a documentary control system.
Guidelines for the implementation of a computer platform for
the management of the certification.
• Begins the implementation of the Urban Parks Construction Urban Parks Construction Plan: the construction It is projected that in 2018 the
Plan, and financing for the Conservation of new Urban Parks. of 16 urban parks has been completed. There construction of 16 urban parks
are 17 parks under construction, and 1 park in will be completed. One park at
the awarding process. the end of 2019 and another in
Conservation Program for Urban Parks: 2020.
Currently the MINVU runs the conservation of Regarding the Conservation of
11 urban parks, distributed in different regions Parks Program, it is expected that
of the country. 3 of the parks that are currently
under construction complete this
process during the current year,
and initiate their Conservation.

Bikeways Plan Project 2014 Initiative at a national level that includes Construction of 190 kilometers of high
the construction of 190 kilometers of high standard bikeways.
standard bikeways, distributed in the 15
regions of the country, benefiting 32 cities.
Master Plan Project 2013 - 2032 Initiative that includes the design and Design and construction of 932 kilometers of
of Santiago´s Implemented construction of a network of 932 km of bikeways.
Bikeways19 and active bikeways for Santiago, and that is a part
of the Santiago Transportation Master Plan
2025.
19
Information provided by the Planning Department of the Metropolitan Regional Government of Santiago (March 2018).

Construction of bikeways. As of December 2017, 162 km of bikeways MINVU will continue promoting
Modification of OGUC to facilitate the construction of had been finished in all regions. It is projected the use of the bicycle as a manner
bikeways in all road categories and to increase staff at bikes’ that as of 2019, a total of 246 km will be of urban transportation, focusing
parking in new projects. built. on this new period on the aspects
Publication of a Design Handbook. The OGUC was modified by Decree 109 of coordinated and participatory
Implementation of a network of automatic meters in the of June 4th ,2015, incorporating aspects of planning of cycle -inclusive
bikeways of the plan 190K throughout Chile. bikeways and bicycles parking. networks.
Open publication of data counts of flows at bikeways of the In 2015 the recommendations design To this aim it is developing a
plan 190K. handbook "Vialidad Ciclo-Inclusiva" was series of studies scheduled to
published, which has become the standard modernize the planning tools,
for the implementation of bikeways since its management and assessment of
publication. projects in this line, elements that
Currently, there is a network of 114 counters will be made available to MDS,
distributed in 23 cities, which together have Sectra, Municipalities, Regional
counted more than 4 million trips since 2016 Governments, Housing and
to date. Urbanization services, and private
The information counters, interactive maps organizations to developing master
with geo-referenced data, design handbooks plans, designs and cycle-inclusion
and studies on behavior and use of bikeways, works.
is material of public access through the web
page www.ciclovías.minvu.cl
Construction of bikeways. As of March 2018, there are 311.2 km of Bikeways planned: 63.7 km.
existing bikeways and 98.73 km of bikeways
finished, in progress or at tender.

ANNEX 6. UPDATE NAMA CARDS
Table A. 1. Renewable energy for self-supply in Chile (SSREs).
General Background to the NAMA

Full Name Renewable energies for self-supply in Chile (SSREs).
Short name Self-Supply NAMA
Stage Conceptual/Feasibility.
Planned or in planning.
X Adopted: under implementation.
Implemented.
Registered with United Nations X Yes
No
Category Unilateral in search of recognition
Bilateral in search of support for planning
Bilateral in search of support for implementation
X Bilateral with implementation
Credits

Description The Ministry of Energy and the Chilean Economic Development Agency (CORFO), have devel-
oped a NAMA in the self-supply energy systems based on renewable energies. The overall ob-
jective of the NAMA is to encourage the incorporation of renewable energy systems for the
self-supply in Chile through the creation of financial and technical conditions suitable for the early
stages of the development of this emerging industry. The NAMA will address the technical and
financial obstacles for renewable energy systems of small and medium scale in self-supply in the
industrial, agricultural and commercial sectors, through financial instruments, technical assistance,
and outreach and awareness activities, with the support of the Ministry of Energy and CORFO.
The NAMA aims to:
1. Increase the insertion of renewable non-conventional energy systems at a small and medi-
um-scale for self-consumption in the different productive sectors, through the creation of technical
and financial conditions for the early stages of development of this emerging industry.
2. Contribute to the achievement of the national goal of Chile to reach a deviation of 20% of GHG
emissions below BAU to 2020
3. Overcome barriers for SSREs.
4. Encourage the development of an industry and market maturity of the for non-conventional
renewable energy technologies for self-supply in Chile.
5. Improve the knowledge and local capacities in SSRE technologies through technical support.
The NAMA will achieve these objectives through a comprehensive program that addresses simul-
taneously the technical and financial barriers for the implementation of renewable energies at a
small scale. The NAMA is coordinated by the Division of Renewable Energies of the Ministry of
Energy
The NAMA components are:
1. Financial component: (i) Co-financing for pre-investment studies; (ii) Co-financing for investment
projects; (iii) partial credit guarantee fund for local financial institutions; and (iv) counselling ser-
vices for institutions of the financial sector.
2. Technical Support Component:
i) Dissemination and awareness: The NAMA will help raising awareness on the options of use of
ERNCs for self-supply in the Chilean industry. Technological tours and field trips sponsored by the
NAMA will contact potential investors with the technologies and with current users.
ii) Training and capacity building: through workshops and training courses. Stakeholders in the
private and public sectors (excluding the financial sector, which is covered by the financial com-
ponent) will be trained in the following areas: analysis of SSREs projects’ feasibility; projects
assessment and management; introduction to ERNC technologies; etc. Design and carry out an
exchange program with national and international experts, to share experiences and knowledge.
(iii) Preparation of projects: technical assistance through a technical help desk and a virtual plat-
form that provides guidance and technical support to projects’ developers on queries related to the
technologies, projects development, connection to the network and regulatory and legal affairs.
Technical support will be the main entry point for project developers and other interested parties.
(iv) Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV): Development of a system of MRV for the
NAMA. Design of templates and formats for the report, data inclusion and process of the NAMA
verification.
Nature or type of action X Strategy, Policy, or Programs. Specify instrument related1: Dissemination and awareness,
Training and capacity development, Technical assistance through a technical help desk ,
Platform for monitoring, Reporting and Verification, Pre-investment subsidies, Subsidies to
investment, the guarantee fund to facilitate access to bank credit and capacity building.
Project or set of projects (investment in technology or infrastructure)
Other (s) ………..………………………….
1
Instrument of economic, governmental, inventive, voluntary agreements, regulatory, normative, information management,
capacity building, research, etc. type

Sector (IS) that considers the NAMA X Agriculture X Waste
Construction Transportation and its infrastructure
X Power Generation X Crosswise (mark all that apply)
Energy Use Other(s)………..…………….
Forestry/LULUCF
X Industrial and industrial processes

Technology Solar Energy, Geothermal Energy, Bioenergy, hydroelectric power.
Gas (es) covered by the NAMA X Carbon dioxide (CO2) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC)
X Methane (CH4) Perfluorocarbonos (PFC)
X Nitrous oxide ( (N2O) Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)

Jurisdiction X National Regional Interregional
Implementation Dates Period 7 years
Start-up Year or year of expected 2015

start-up
Year-end 2022
Objectives of the NAMA

1. Increase the insertion of the non-conventional renewable energies systems on a small scale for self-supply in different sectors, through the creation of tech-
nical and financial conditions for the early stages of development of this emerging industry.
2. Contribute to the achievement of the national goal of Chile to reach a deviation of 20 % of GHG emissions below the BAU to 2020.
3. Overcoming barriers for SSREs.
4. Encourage the development of an industry and maturity of the market for non-conventional renewable energy technologies for self-supply in Chile.
5. Improve the knowledge and local capacities in SSRE technologies through technical support.
Barriers of the NAMA

The main barriers identified in earlier versions of this document persist, however it is possible to identify some progress in overcoming these barriers, which are
outlined below.
1. Human Resources:
(i) SSRE projects face a lack of access to qualified technicians because the market is new and underdeveloped) which will depend on the particular RE
technology. There is a limited number of consultants or consulting firms specializing in the development of projects. At the same time, there is a limited
availability of installers that can implement the projects.
(ii) Insufficient companies with experience and a lack of monitoring to projects development causes an increased perception of the risk involved in SSRE
projects.
(iii) Once the SSRE projects have been implemented, there is a limited number of qualified technicians to operate and maintain plants and equipment, in
particular in those cities located outside the Metropolitan Region.

2. Financial barriers:
(i) The amount of SSRE projects that can be funded is limited, mainly due to a lack of willingness to invest in (pre) feasibility studies, particularly in less
developed Renewable Energy technologies, due to high initial costs and a high-risk perception.
(ii) There is a limited access to loans offered by financial institutions because these entities prefer to invest in projects of greater capacity so as to achieve
scale economies.
(iii) The lack of familiarity of the banks with respect to the investment in SSRE projects leads to higher costs of credits resulting from the perception of risk,
which reduces the financial feasibility of SSRE projects.
(iv) The high transaction costs for projects such as "Small Means of Distributed Generation" (PMGD) could become significant economic barriers.
(v) Generally, the high expectations of companies are being overshadowed by the high costs of some technologies, the low return on investment and long
payback for investors, which could slow down the investment in projects SSRE since the investment could be less attractive compared to other business
opportunities.
3. Awareness Barriers:
(i) The general knowledge in relation to Renewable Energy systems is limited, in particular in specific applications of SSRE addressed to certain industrial
sectors.
The owners of companies in various industrial sectors do not understand the working of SSRE technologies, so they do not have certainty with respect
to the technological and economic potential that technologies offer in the operation of their business.
Quantitative Goals of the NAMA

Quantitative targets (reductions) Progress indicators for each goal (reductions) Additional information for
each goal
Reduces near 1.5 MtCO2e. Cumulative Reduction in MtCO2e The expected reduction
considers the useful life
of the projects implement-
ed in an average of 25
years, at an average cost
per program of USD11.3
per ton.
Methodologies and assumptions (scope, purpose, goals and evaluation of progress)
Methodologies Assumptions
1. Construction of projection with NAMA. The composition of the portfolio: PV 72 %, thermal biomass 2 %, thermal biogas 4.5 %, biogas
cogeneration 6 %, solar water heaters 7 %, micro hydraulic 8.5 %.
Average cost of delivery: PV 2,046 $/kWe, thermal Biomass 812 $/kWt, thermal Biogas
4,000 $/kWt, cogeneration Biogas 4,500 $/kWe, solar water heaters 1,345$/kWt, hydraulic
micro 5,500 $/kWe.
Expected annual change of costs: PV -6 %, 0 % of thermal biomass, biogas thermal and

cogeneration 0 %, solar water heaters 0%, hydraulic micro 0 %.
Average emission factors: 598 gCO2e/kWhe replacing electrical installations and 204 gCO2e/
kWt substituting thermal installations.
Half-life of the facilities: PV 25 years, thermal Biomass 25 years, thermal and Cogeneration
Biogas 25 years, solar water heaters 27 years, hydraulic micro 30 years.
Average Plant Factor: PV 18.5 %; thermal biomass 50 %; thermal Biogas 50 %; biogas

cogeneration 80%; solar water heaters 27 %; hydraulic micro 50 %.

Planning and progress in implementation
Planning Progress Results achieved and expected (Progress Indicators)
Steps from the Action (s): activities/years Status of Progress Reductions achieved or expected2
Technical component: Currently self-supply NAMA is in a Self-supplyNAMA

status of implementation.
2016-2020 The Ministry of Energy is strongly encouraging self-supply with RE, removing
With regard to the technical regulatory, information and management barriers. As a result:
component of the NAMA Support
1. Outreach and awareness Project draft, this is at the stage of In October 2014, Law 20,5713 was enacted and as of December 2017,
- Development of information material implementation, while the financial 2,076 declared facilities of electric generation are recorded with the
regarding technical and economic component is approved and in Superintendence of Electricity and Fuels in Chile (SEC), which constitutes an
feasibility and implementation of preparation. installed power of 12.2 MW.
seminars.
Information requirements of measuring and monitoring for PMGD4 between
- Technological tours and site visits 100kW and 1,500 kW have been simplified.
to contact potential investors and
current users.
SFV 128 have been tendered for public buildings within the framework of the
2. Capacity building PTSP5, totaling 4.9 MW of installed capacity and of which 105 are finished
and operating.
- Design and implementation of
trainings. The scope and benefits of Law 20,571 of Distributed Generation have been
3. Preparation of projects formally introduced in the tenders of Law 18,450 of Irrigation and Drainage
encouragement, and as a result of which tenders6 have been developed that
- Support for the development have helped more than 23 irrigation projects with energy supply through RE
of potential SSRE projects. (470 kW).
Implementation of technical
assistance to support projects A credit was obtained for self-supply through RE and EE addressed to micro
developers through a technical help and small companies, through the joint work with Banco Estado.
desk.
- Development of a virtual information The incorporation of the ESCO model for energy supply is being encouraged.
platform related to SSRE projects. The first SFV was implemented through the ESCO model in the building of
a public service.
4. Monitoring, Reporting and
Verification (MRV) Technical component of the NSP
- Support to the design of an MRV
system for the SSRE sector comprising The results achieved of the technical component are listed in the following
the NAMA Support Project (NSP) table of "Co-benefits achieved or expected by stage".
Financial component of the NSP:

Financial Component: 2017-2021
Still no results have been achieved through NSP with regard to reduction
1. Design and implementation of a of GHG emissions since the financial component is still under planning.
subsidy to pre- investments studies The goal of reduction of GHG emissions of the NSP is to reduce about 1.5
in self-supply projects of renewable MtCO2e, considering the useful life of the projects being implemented, at an
energies average cost per program of USD11.3 per ton.
2. Design and implementation of a

subsidy to investments in projects of
self-supply of renewable energies
3. Training and advice of Financial

Entities
4. Design and implementation of a

partial guarantee fund to credits
aimed to self-supply projects of
renewable energies
2
They can be time series.
3
Allows customers to regulate the right to generate their own electricity, self-consume it and sell their surpluses to the distribution company.
4
Small means of Distributed Generation.
5
Public Solar Roofs Program which main objective is to contribute to the maturing of the photovoltaic market for consumption in Chile, through
the implementation of photovoltaic projects connected to the electrical distribution networks under the scheme of the Law of Distributed
Generation.
6
Other tenders are under development.

Co-benefits achieved or expected by Stage
Steps (defined earlier) Indicator Name7 (co-benefit) Results achieved and expected
- Development of a portfolio of - Renewable Energy Capacity Expected results:
bankable projects. installed: It indicates the total
amount of MW of renewable energy -- Installed renewable energy capacity: 44.9 MW.
- Training and advisory services for installed. This indicator is divided
the financial sector. -- Leverage of about USD100 million.
into subsets according to technology.
- Support to investment. -- Increase in the number of companies developing NCRE projects: 10
- Job Creation: Indicates the number companies.
- Support to pre-investment studies. of permanent and temporary
positions created as a result of -- 100 individuals (developers, project installers) trained.
- Creation of the guarantee fund - renewable energy projects that are
Education and training of project -- 40 individuals participated in visits to plants of good practice or in
a part of the program. Expressed in
developers and other relevant exchange programs of international knowledge.
units of full-time equivalent positions.
entities.
-- 200 potential projects were given technical support through the help
- Technical help desk. - Leverage ratio in the private desk.
sector: It indicates the private sector
- Dissemination and awareness. contribution to renewable energy -- A virtual information platform is operating.
projects within the framework of
- MRV system. -- Dissemination and awareness events for at least 300 people of at least
the program. It is expressed as a
3 industrial sectors, in 3 regions.
percentage of the funds (NAMA:
private funds)8. -- An MRV system for the NSP is implemented and operating.
Results achieved:
- Installed renewable energy capacity: 0 MW.
- Leverage is equivalent to zero (0).
- Increase in the number of companies developing NCRE projects: 34

companies.
- 142 individuals (developers, project installers) trained.
- 60 individuals participated in visits to plants of good practice or in

exchange programs of international knowledge.
- 78 potential projects were given technical support through the help

desk.
- A virtual platform of information is working: under development.
- Dissemination and awareness events for at least 282 people of at least

3 industrial sectors, in 3 regions.
- A system of MRV for the NSP is implemented and operating: under

development.
Costs of the NAMA
Estimated cost of preparation Cost S/I (Without Information)
Calculation description S/I

Estimated cost of implementation Cost EUR 46.4 million

Incremental implementation cost Cost S/I
7
Co-benefits may consider social, economic and environmental effects other than the reduction of GHG emissions. They can be qualitative or
quantitative.
8
For example, a value of 1:2 would indicate that for every $1 spent in the program $2 were provided by the private sector.

Funding Source
Own resources EUR 6.01 million
Resources received EUR 17.03 million NAMA Facility
Resources to be requested (total, since detail appears below) N/A (Not Applicable)
Support Required
Financial Required amount 0
Resources
Type of resources required N/A
Comments N/A
Technology Required amount N/A
Comments N/A
Capacity Required amount 0
building
Comments S/I
Description of MRV
The National Center for Innovation and Promotion of Sustainable Energy Development (CIEDS, an institution that currently has been dissolved), fullfilled the creation
of a digital platform to obtain a database of NCRE projects. The platform was initially conceived as a project management system that allows to: standardize and
organize projects; monitor the variables of each project; collect information, indicators, state, etc. of different kinds of NCRE projects.
From its initial conception the possibility has emerged that this platform becomes an MRV system for the management of SSRE projects information that are imple-
mented through the NAMA Support Project. The platform is currently not in use as since a computing point of view, it is not possible to update it (it has an obsolete
system), consequently it will be necessary to create a new MRV system.
The development of an MRV model will allow the Technical Component of the NSP project to contribute with an MRV system for the Renewable Energy sector, for
self-supply. This applies to both the mitigation of GHG emissions resulting from the NSP, as to the NAMA for domestic self-supply, without focusing on additional
activities, impacts or co-benefits implemented for or resulting from the NSP project. The goal is an MRV system to individually calculate GHG reduction from a
bottom-up approach.
This way, the future goal of the platform is that professionals of public institutions have the information available so that they can develop reports as they deem
necessary, in accordance with the requirements established by, for example, the MMA or donor funds. The platform should specify, at each stage, what are the
parameters that should be controlled and generate the indicators that allow to optimize projects management.
Currently, an MRV system is being implemented for the SSRE sector, which is being developed jointly with the Division of Renewable Energies (DER) of the Ministry
of Energy. This will make it possible to quantify the reduction of GHG emissions from renewable energy projects for self-supply. The purpose is to develop an MRV
system allowing to individually calculate GHG reduction from a bottom-up approach. Renewable energy technologies considered in the quantification of emissions
reduction are: photovoltaic, solar thermal, wind, micro and mini hydro, geothermal heat pumps, biogas and biomass.
Policies and related regulation

Chile's Energy Policy / Energía 2050,link:
http://www.minenergia.cl/archivos_bajar/LIBRO-ENERGIA-2050-WEB.pdf
NDC, Nationally Determined Contribution of Chile toward the Climate Agreement of Paris 2015, link: http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Pub-
lished%20Documents/Chile/1/INDC%20Chile%20english%20version.pdf
Web page of the DER self-supply, link:
http://www.minenergia.cl/autoconsumo/
Website of the Technical Component of the NSP project:
Https://www.4echile.cl/nama-energias-renovables-para-autoconsumo/

Related NAMAs
NAMA CPA, which clean production agreements may consider some SSREs projects co-financed by the funds of NAMA SSRE.
Contact details that coordinates and manages the NAMA
Responsible Institution Renewable Energy Division, Ministry of Energy, Government of Chile.
Professional to be contacted Marcel Silva, Professional of the Ministry of Energy.
Alameda 1449, floors 13 and 14, Santiago, Chile
(562) 23656686,
Msilva@minenergia.cl
Alternate Contact
Alternate Contact N/A
Table A. 2. Green Zone for transportation in Santiago.
General Background to the NAMA

Full Name Green Zone for Transportation in Santiago
Short name NAMA ZVTS
Stage Conceptual/Feasibility Study.
Planned or under planning.
X Adopted: in implementation.
Implemented.
Registered in United Nations X Yes
No
X Bilateral in search of support for implementation
Credits

Description The NAMA is composed of four specific initiatives to encourage transportation modes with a low
content of carbon emissions:
1) Promotion of vehicles from zero and low emissions in the fleets of light vehicles (taxis and munici-
pal fleet) and charging stations; 2) More efficient buses for public transportation; 3) Promotion of use
of non-motorized vehicles, including the implementation of new lanes of high standard for bicycles,
a system of public bicycles, a solution for connectivity of existing bikeways, and signals for bikes
in two areas of the ZVTS; 4) Management and redesign of transit, with new pedestrian streets and
semi pedestrian streets, exclusive bus lanes of zero and low emission levels, and bicycle parking.
These initiatives are scalable and replicable. The first target set for the NAMA (2011 and under im-
plementation since 2014) would be carried out within a defined area of Santiago downtown, Chile,
area which corresponds to the jurisdiction of the Municipality of Santiago.
The geographical perimeter proposed for the ZVST was defined together with the Municipality of
Santiago. The area includes the historical triangle of the city’s downtown, which covers about two
square kilometers. Many historical places of interest may be found within the ZVST, including Plaza
de Armas, the Cathedral of Santiago, the Government Palace "La Moneda", the Municipal Theater,
the Central Market of Santiago and the Forest Park, among other. The selected area is a very popular
area, for tourism and commercial, which guarantees a high impact and high visibility for all the initi-
atives of the ZVST. One of the main conclusions of the participatory process with the actors interested
in developing the ZVST, is that it must be regarded as a pilot project with great potential for scaling
and replicability, contributing to the redefinition of a model of urban passenger transportation with a
new approach to integrated transportation and sustainable development. The implementation of the
ZVTS will also provide new ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and local pollutants.
In its 2016 update (April and September) work was done on the scalability of the entire city of San-
tiago and replication of two (2) Green Zones: one in a city in the north of the country and another
in the south of the country.
Nature or type of action X Strategy, Policy, or programs. Specify related instrument 9:

program or sectorial policy…
X Project or set of projects (investment in technology or infrastructure)
Other(s) ………..………………………….
Sector (s) the NAMA considers Agriculture Waste
Construction X Transportation and its infrastructure
Power Generation Crosswise (mark all that apply)
Use of Energy Other(s) ………..…………….
Forestry/LULUCF
Industrial and industrial processes

Technology/methodology Zero or low-emission vehicles.
A modal shift, from private vehicle to other modes such as cycling or public transportation.
Gas (es) covered by the NAMA X Carbon dioxide (CO2) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC)
Methane (CH4) Perfluorocarbonos (PFC)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)

Jurisdiction National X Regional RM Interregional
9
Instrument of economic, fiscal, voluntary agreements, regulatory, information management, capacity building, research, etc. type

Implementation Dates Period IImplementation Goal between 2014 and 2018.
Scalability Gran Santiago implementation and

replicability in Regions 2017 to 2022.
Start-up Year or expected start-up 2014, with the implementation of measures

year encouraging pedestrianization, semi-
pedestrianization and bikeways.
Year of completion 2018-2022, depending on renewal of Transantiago

contracts, technological replacement.

Reduce GHG emissions in the transportation sector by encouraging sustainable transportation initiatives, scalable and replicable, through the use of new low
carbon vehicle technologies and encouraging integration and modal shift.

Technology: the two technological initiatives have the problem of requiring specialized technical assistance. This capability is not within the resources that maintain
the fleet of buses or taxis. However, at this early stage in the use and testing of technologies, suppliers of technologies would make an accompaniment by delivering
a complete of post-sale and training service to the staff of the technology decision makers.
Economic: technological measures involve a high increase in the capital cost which makes the holder of technology (buses and taxis operators) assume too much risk
in the investment, considering that it is a non-proven technology in the country. For this early stage, providers are offering, in several cases, the financial instrument
of operating lease which includes instalment.
Cultural: the measures for the promotion of non-motorized vehicles and management and redesign of transit are smaller in popularity because it implies removing
space for private vehicles to give space to bicycles and pedestrians, respectively. To overcome this barrier, technology exists of flow automatic meters, both for
pedestrians and bicycles, which may argue with real figures the impact of these measures in terms of mobility of individuals and not of vehicles. Also, the electric
vehicle technologies are unknown by the operators and users, which requires making dissemination of results and testing such as those covered by the first goal of
the Green Zone NAMA for transportation in Santiago.
Quantitative goals of the NAMA

Quantitative targets (reductions) Progress indicators for each goal (reductions) Additional information for each goal
1.43 MtCO2e in total, during the entire period (10 years). Accumulated tCO2 emission reduction Considers evaluation for 10 years of the fully im-
plemented goal:
10 municipal electric light vehicles
5 municipal plug-in light vehicles
38 electric taxis
5 electric buses
5 hybrid buses
1.25 km bikeways
130 public bicycles
150 bicycle parking lots
8 Tricycles
Goal for Great Santiago: Accumulated tCO2 emission reduction Considers evaluation for 10 years of the fully im-
plemented goal:
260.6 M tCO2
-250 electric vehicles
200 electric buses
300 hybrid buses
300 km bikeways
Scalability Goal: Activities undertaken (quantity of vehicles ZLEV, Considers evaluation for 10 years of the fully im-
quantity of buses ZLEV, km of high standard plemented goal:
120.4 MM tCO2 bikeways, managed blocks).
-300 electric vehicles
150 electric buses
300 hybrid buses
18 km bikeways

Methodologies and assumptions (scope, effects, goals and evaluation of progress)
Estimate of expected reduction. The stated goal represents the emission reductions estimated at 10 years, in a scenario of greater
coverage to ZVTS. It includes 15% of the fleet of taxis in Santiago (3,525 substituted drives)
and 15% of the Transantiago fleet (975 substituted drives), both of which replaces the existing
technology with electrical technology. This potential reduction could be more if replacing a greater
percentage of the fleet. If the ZVTS considers only two square kilometers of the intervention in
Santiago, reduces 13,000 tCO2eq in 10 years.
Implementation Planning and Progress

Planning Progress Results achieved and expected
(Progress Indicators)
Steps from (s) Action (s): activities/ Progress Status Reductions achieved or expected10
years
Initiative 1: Promotion of ZLEV light In December 2015, 3 electric taxis were inaugurated, which quotas The initiative includes 39 taxis and 15 municipal
vehicles (vehicles of zero and low were granted by the SEREMITT RM. For the operation of such vehicles vehicles. Expected reductions under estimation
emission). there are 2 chargers installed in the area covered by ZVTS. process.
Initiative 2: More efficient buses for In May 2016, the first electric bus in Chile was inaugurated for the Initiative 2 includes 5 electric buses and 5
public transportation transportation of passengers, with a free, district tour. hybrid buses. Expected reductions under
estimation process.
Initiative 3: Promotion of non-motor- Regarding the system of public bicycles, the SIPB11 has been Expected reductions under estimation process.
ized vehicles implemented with great success. 18 stations were installed in the
territory instead of the projected 13, widely exceeding the demand
estimates for this service. Bikeways at Rosas and Teatinos streets in
operation with high rates of daily use.
Initiative 4: Transit management and Compañía axis implemented 2016 (semi-pedestrianization) Expected reductions under estimation process.
redesign
San Antonio axis under implementation in 2016 (semi-pedestrianization)
Santo Domingo axis to be implemented in 2016 (semi-pedestrianization)
100 bike-racks on the surface have been implemented.

Steps (earlier defined) Indicator Name12 (co-benefit) Results achieved and expected
1 to 4 initiatives. - Funds paid by donors. S/I
-Funds disbursed by the local government and the private sector.
- Rate of accidents
- Generation of technical capabilities associated to the use of new tech-

nologies
- Improvements in trade within the area of intervention in the ZVTS
- Reduction of PM and NOx emissions
10
These can be time series.
11
SIBP: Integrated System of public bicycles, it integrates 10 districts.
12
Co-benefits may consider social, economic, environmental and other than the reduction of GHG emissions. Can be qualitative or quantita-
tive.

Costs of the NAMA
Estimate cost of preparation Cost USD $193,070
Calculation description It considers the development of three technical assistances that

have helped in the design, update and strengthening of the NAMA
Green Zone for Transportation:
-Design of the NAMA ZVTS, funded by the British Embassy in

Santiago 2011 (USD $73,500)
-Update of the NAMA ZVTS for its implementation, financed by the

IDB, 2014 (USD $25,600)
- MRV design of NAMAS ZVTS and its proposal for scalability,

funded by CAF, 2016 (USD $93,970)
Estimate of implementation cost Cost Goal, defined as the first Green Zone which USD 51.1 million
is currently on top at the Municipality of Santiago.
Calculation description The 2016 update of the goal that defines the first Green Zone for
transportation in Santiago includes:
50 light vehicles of zero and low emission, 21 electric charging

points, 5 stops, 21 indications of electric taxi and municipal fleet
stops, 5 hybrid buses and 4 electric buses for Transantiago, 1
municipal electric bus, 4 km of new bikeways, 4 Automatic meter
of bicycles flow, 104 blocks intervened to expand spaces for pe-
destrians, 1 underground parking, 1 and 7 tricycles with pedaling
electrical assistance for the transportation of people.
Cost Scalability (Great Santiago) defined as the USD 366 million, within a period of 3 years
scaling at a city level (Great Santiago) of the first
Green Zone which is currently led by the Munici-
pality of Santiago.
Calculation description The total cost includes 200 light vehicles of zero and low emission,
100 electric and 300 hybrid buses (both for Transantiago),300 km
of bikeways and according to the number of inhabitants, transit
management and urban redesign of initiative 4 were estimated. It
should be noted that the cost of full implementation considers the
entire implementation of each initiative, for example, in the case of
Initiative 1, it includes: charging points, stops, indications.
These figures are in addition to those considered in the Goal or

first Green Zone.
Cost to Replicate USD 215 million, within a period of 3 years
(Regions)
Defined on how to replicate the Green Zone for

transportation, but in other regions of the country
different from the MR.
Calculation description The total cost includes 300 light vehicles of zero and low emission,
150 electric buses and 300 hybrids, 180 km of bikeways and
according to the number of inhabitants, transit management and
urban redesign of initiative 4 were estimated. It should be noted
that the cost of full implementation considers the entire implemen-
tation of each initiative, for example, in the case of Initiative 1, it
includes: charging points, stops, indications.
Incremental cost of implementation Goal Cost USD 3.6 million

Calculation description Referred only to the cost differential for full implementation of initi-
atives 1 and 2 that are of a technological issue. Then, it includes
the difference in cost of capital between the conventional light ve-
hicle and vehicles of zero and low emission, with their charging
systems. (Initiative1); difference in capital cost between an Euro VI
diesel bus and buses of zero and low emission, with their charging
systems.
Cost Scalability Great Santiago) USD 58.5 million
Calculation description Referred only to the differential cost for full implementation of in-
itiatives 1 and 2 that are of a technological issue. In addition, it
considers 200 charging points for Great Santiago.
Cost to Replicate USD 74 million
(Regions)
Calculation description Referred only to the cost differential for full implementation of in-
itiatives 1 and 2 that are of a technological issue. In addition, it
considers 200 charging points at regions
Funding Source
Own resources for the Goal In relation to what has already been implemented, for the case of the goal, defined as the first
Green Zone for transportation in Santiago, the national contribution amounts to USD 31.7 million
(95% public and 5%private contribution). The contribution has been mainly granted to initiatives 3
and 4 of the NAMA ZVTS, which are those of integration of sustainable modes of transportation.
Another contribution which considered in the future implementation of the Goal corresponds to the
amount equivalent to a conventional technology for the case of light vehicles and buses, equivalent
to USD 2.8 million.
Own Resources for Scaling (Santiago) Contribution that is considered in the future implementation to scale the NAMA ZVTS to the Great
Santiago, it corresponds to the amount equivalent to a conventional technology in the case of light
vehicles and buses, equivalent to USD 83.4 million (within 3 years).
Own resources to replicate (Regions) Contribution that is considered in the future implementation to replicate the NAMA ZVTS in regions
of Chile, corresponds to the amount equivalent to a conventional technology for the case of light
vehicles and buses, equivalent to USD 95.1 million (within 3 years).
In addition, for the case of electric taxis in regions, a public contribution is considered (subsidy from
the Ministry of Transportation to renew fleet of this segment). For 300 taxis in regions, the additional
public contribution would be USD 2.7 million (additional to the previous amount).
Resources received No international resources have been received

Resources to be requested for the goal (for Initiatives 1 and 2) USD 3.6 million
Resources to be requested for scaling (for Initiatives 1 and 2) USD 58.5 million
Resources to be requested to replicate (for Initiatives 1 and 2) USD 71.3 million (incremental cost less the regions subsidy to renew taxis)
Support Required
Financial Resources Required amount The amounts that will be required, estimated at a span of 2 to 3 years, are:
- Goal: USD 3.6 million
- Great Santiago Scaling: USD 58.5 million
- Replication at Regions: USD 71.3 million
Type of resources required Soft loan and subsidies from the State and private investment
Comments The funding required given the current level of implementation (2016) has its main focus financing
the technological components of the NAMA Green Zone for transportation in its initiatives 1 and
2.

Technology Amount required 0
Comments No support is required in technology at this first stage, since suppliers of vehicles of zero and low
emission are available, who will provide the necessary technical support and post-sales service.
Capacity building Amount required USD 0.36 million

Type of resources required Institutional development, human resources and institutional-regulatory.
Comments The Municipality of Santiago would require additional human resources in order to adequately
lead the NAMA ZVTS during the implementation process and the MRV process. In addition, the
implementation of international financing will require a high administrative work to put in place
the budget and support properly, and to inform to international donors.
MRV Description
In 2015, CAF - Development Bank of Latin America - through the Climate Change Unit (UCC), signed a cooperation agreement with the Municipality of Santiago
(IMS). The objective of this cooperation was to provide technical support, guidance and knowledge deemed necessary for the review, adjust and supplement of
the NAMA ZVTS, with special emphasis on the preparation of the base line, the measurement, reporting and verification system (MRV), and the quantification of
the co-benefits.
So, with the financing of CAF and the sponsorship of the IMS, the study called Baseline, Measurement, Reporting and Verification System (MRV) and quantification
of the co-benefits of the NAMA "Green Zone for Transportation in Santiago-ZVTS" was prepared by Sustainable Systems. The overall objective of the study was
to carry out a plan of Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) to determine the baseline and assessment of impacts on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)
and co-benefits of the NAMA ZVTS.
To carry out the main goal and specific objectives, a methodology was developed which included three (3) phases of work:
Phase 1 of "Update". This phase of the project updated the NAMA Green Zone in its four (4) initiatives, in addition to identifying relevant actors and characterize
the national sectorial context in terms of policies and regulations.
Phase 2 of "Quantification". In this phase the base line was characterized, the reduction potential was determined and the plan for Monitoring, Reporting and
Verification (MRV) was developed for the NAMA Green Zone allowing assessing the impacts of the NAMA on emissions and co-benefits.
With regard to the MRV design, standardized methodologies were used for the assessment of GHG mitigation projects and corresponding co-benefits: 1) the
document prepared by the Ministry of Environment "Guidelines for a generic framework of MRV for NAMAs in Chile"; and 2) the international document of the
World Research Institute "Standard for Policy and Action". The result of the MRV system design for the Green Zone allows assessing the impacts of projects in
different scopes (local, regional, national) that integrate into any of the four (4) initiatives of the NAMA Green Zone. All the products associated to the MRV system
leave standardized tools in order to be able to give continuity to the escalation phase of the NAMA Green Zone, which has been called the "National Strategy
for Sustainable Transportation". These standardized tools allow evaluating both ex-ante and ex-post the impacts defined in consulting, through the definition of six
(6) input indicators, 17 indicators of activity, 23 indicators of intermediate effect, four (4) GHG Indicators and 18 non-GHG indicators where 10 of the latter are
co-benefits. All these indicators have detailed protocols for their assessment, framed in the MRV Plan for the NAMA Green Zone, in addition to a tool that allows
for follow-up and assessment of each of these indicators and the entire NAMA Green Zone.
Phase 3 of "Sustainability". This phase was intended to establish the conditions to support the NAMA Green Zone in the medium and long term, analyzing barriers
and the requirements for financial and technical assistance.
Related Policies and regulation

1. The SEREMIT RM made a tender at the end of 2013 for quotas for exclusive taxis with electric engine, awarding a total of 19 quotas for basic taxis. As report-
ed by this agency of the MTT it is expected to continue with this initiative to the extent that results of the first vehicles operating in October 2014 are obtained.
2. The DTPM13 is developing a study to improve the incentive program in the contracts to operators to encourage the use of clean technologies, in view of the
fleet renovation associated with current contracts and also for the upcoming concessions that begin in 2018.
3. The promotion of Non-motorized vehicles is being diverted mainly to partnerships between local governments or municipalities, which are supported by the
central government, represented by the SEREMIT and the MTT
4. In the case of management and redesign, something similar happens as in the previous initiative, majors are searching to improve their civic centers, giving
more space to pedestrians.
Related NAMAs
N/A.
13
DTPM: Board of Metropolitan Public Transportation

Contact details of the NAMA’s coordinator and manager
Responsible Institution Municipality of Santiago, Chile
Amunategui 980, Santiago, Chile

Contact professional Miguel Olivares, Coordinator of Urban Mobility.
Amunategui 980, Floor 2, Santiago, Chile (+56 2) 2827 1215
molivares@munistgo.cl
Table A. 3. Support to the design and implementation of the ENCCRV
NAMA's General Background

Full Name Support to the design and implementation of the National Strategy on Climate Change and Vegetation Resources (ENCCRV)
Short name Technical Inputs for the ENCCRV
Stage Conceptual/Feasibility Study.
X Planned or under planning.
Implemented.
Registered in United Nations X Yes14
No
X Bilateral in search of support for planning
X Bilateral in search of support for implementation
Credits
Description The objective of the NAMA is included within the framework of the ENCCRV, serving as technical and economic support for
the development of studies and activities aimed at identifying and reducing weaknesses of baseline information, in addition to
increasing the capacities of national and regional technical teams related to ENCCRV.
During the preparation stage of the ENCCRV, funding obtained through the NAMA has been used to;
1. Define initial conceptual frameworks and preliminary approaches for estimating changes in forest carbon content and in xeric
formations, which will be key inputs for the future development of reference levels of forest emissions for the northern regions
of the country and island territories.
2. Develop a preliminary design of the scope that an MRV system should include, and a registration system for carbon dioxide.
3. Design Indicators of adaptation and vulnerability to climate change.
4. Develop models of forestry territorial management preventing forest fires.
5. Training activities have been developed crosswise, aimed at the creation and promotion of regional capacities through the
South-South exchange on issues related to the ENCCRV.
Nature or type of action X Strategy, Policy, or programs15: National Strategy on Climate Change and Vegetation Resources of Chile (ENCCRV).
Project or set of projects (investment in technology or infrastructure
Other(s) ………..………………………….
14
http://www4.unfccc.int/sites/nama/Lists/NAMA/DispForm.aspx?ID=5
15
Instrument of economic, governmental, voluntary agreements, regulatory, information management, capacity building, research, etc. type

Sector (s) considered by the Agriculture Waste
NAMA
Construction Transportation and its infrastructure
Power Generation Crosswise (mark all that apply)
Use of Energy Other(s)………..…………….
X Forestry/LULUCF
Industrial and industrial processes

Technology/methodology The ENCCRV aims to reduce social, environmental and economic vulnerability generated by climate change, desertification,
land degradation and drought on the vegetation resources and human communities that depend on them, in order to increase
the resilience of ecosystems and contribute to mitigate climate change by encouraging emissions reduction and increased
capture of greenhouse gas in Chile. To meet this goal, 26 actions with operational goals have been proposed, considering
seven activities associated to the direct prioritized causes and an activity of crosswise nature to all causes, which respond to
various areas of application: institutional management, operational, regulatory, monitoring, environmental education, research,
territorial planning and encouragement.
The activities and action measures of the ENCCRV have been prepared on the basis of multiple technical studies, projects, pro-
grams, and participatory programs and processes, which have made it possible to generate the necessary inputs for the imple-
mentation phase, an important part of which were generated within the framework of the forest NAMA which has the technical
and financial support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (COSUDE), representing the first international sup-
port received by CONAF within the framework of the ENCCRV. It is also important to clarify that all actions developed with the
NAMA’s technical support and funds are inserted and aligned within the activities developed in the framework of the ENCCRV.
At present, the NAMA project has already been completed, being its main contributions and products the following:
Developing a methodological protocol to determine the degree of vulnerability to climate change reduction. Through this frame-
work, attributes of adaptation and vulnerability to climate change were defined, effectively measurable from the technical and
economic point of view, generating a protocol for the assessment of measures implemented to reduce vulnerability and strength-
en resilience where these are implemented. The inputs used for the creation of the protocol were technical studies conducted by
experts and professionals of CONAF and the participatory consultation process already described.
This protocol contributes with key inputs in the determination of the Social and Environmental Indicators framework of the ENC-
CRV, which shall be used as a basis to generate the reports that will contain the Safeguards Implementation System (SIS). This
study was carried out with the support of a consortium formed by the Santiago Climate Exchange (SCX), FORECOS, CQuest
Capital, Global Adaptation Institute (GAIN) and Winrock International.
Two projects of territorial nature at Maule and Valparaiso regions were performed with the purpose of implementing forestry
activities for the prevention of forest fires in the forest-urban interface, in addition the costs of implementation of these activities
were determined and incorporated in the table of values of Law N° 20,283, as well as improving the definition of action meas-
ures linked to preventive forestry activities of forest fires.
Forestry projects were implemented with the technical support of the Protection Management against Forest Fires (GEPRIF) by
CONAF, the University of Chile and professionals of Valparaiso and Maule Regions. Another objective of this implementation
project is related to the generation of inputs and management models in the territory, scalable at a national level to reduce the
potential danger of fire spreading, with activities that are replicable in other areas of the country, contemplating modeling that
identify risk levels in other areas of the country. Demonstration modules have been used for training practices to various stake-
holders, such as decision-makers (congressmen, government authorities) and owners of forest land, with the purpose of having
communities more aware and adapted to forest fires.
Also, a powerful line of work that has been fostered by COSUDE is South-South Cooperation, where Chile has positioned itself
as a leader in the region, with countries in Latin America strengthening the dissemination of the work carried out by CONAF in
the framework of the ENCCRV, inside and outside the country through the performance of thematic courses with international
participants in the context of vegetation resources, climate change and desertification, as well as, the generation of cooperation
partnerships with other regional projects funded by the Swiss government, such as the Andean Forests Program.
The international courses are conducted jointly with the Chilean International Cooperation Agency (AGCI) of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, offering scholarships to ensure the attendance of participants from countries that maintain government actions
relating climate change to their vegetation resources, or are, just as Chile, developing their strategies to tackle climate change
and fight against desertification.
Gas (es) covered by the X Carbon dioxide (CO2) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC)
NAMA
X Gas Methane (CH4) Perfluorocarbonos (PFC)
X Nitrous oxide (N2O) Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)

Jurisdiction X National Regional Interregional

Implementation Dates Period 2012-2025 referred to the ENCCRV
Start-up Year or expected Start-up Year 2012
Year-end ENCCRV activities are contemplated until 2025, however it is intend-

ed to become a line of permanent action within the current and future
development and regulatory instruments endorsed by law.
The objectives of the NAMA fall under the general and specific objectives of the ENCCRV described in the item referred to the use of land, land-use change and
forestry Sector.
The barriers and risks of the NAMA are included within those determined by the future implementation of the different strategic activities and courses of action
considered by the ENCCRV, which are described in the item referred to the Use of land, land-use change and forestry Sector.

The initial proposal considered During 2016 and 2017 interventions have been carried An accounting area of 5 regions is considered, where 40% of the
a goal in terms of emissions out in 6 projects of early implementation of preventive native forest of Chile is located. In the current biennial update report
reduction of 42,000,000 forestry and restoration. The surface of intervention the Technical Annex of REDD+ results is included, which reflects the
tCO2e to 2020, however this corresponds to 58 hectares, with an area of influence achievements in terms of emissions reduction in the years 2014, 2015
goal has been readjusted based of 976 hectares, benefiting 28 owners directly and and 2016.
on various technical studies indirectly 18,634 inhabitants of rural areas. An annual
that have made it possible to volume of reduced emissions of 3,400 t/CO2eq is
clarify the results. Currently, estimated.
the reduction goal of 20% of
emissions from deforestation
and forest degradation to 2025,
on the basis of the emissions of
the 2001-2013 period.
In addition, an alternative goal
associated to adaptation to
climate change is established,
which stands as vulnerability
reduction associated to the risk
of land degradation through
management of vegetation
resources, through the
intervention of at least 264,000
hectares directly, between
2017 and 2025.
The methodology for estimating emissions at the baseline is defined in detail in the Sub- All assumptions that have been used for estimation are described in the
national NREF/NRF of Chile. Subnational NREF/NRF and in the Annex of REDD+ results.
The methods used to estimate results are the same used in the NREF/NRF in order to
maintain consistency.
In the case of emissions that are associated with changes in land use, the "Gain and
Loss" method was applied, defined by IPCC. Maps of Forest Cadastre and the dasometric
information coming from the National Forest Inventory used as a source of information.
In the case of emissions that occur in forests that remain as forests, the "Stock Change"
method was applied. In the latter case, a method of estimating carbon contents and
flows is used based on forest inventory data and space extrapolation on satellite images
through the K-nn methodology.

Planning and Progress
Steps of Progress Status Reductions achieved or expected16
Action (s): activities/years
ENCCRV (2010-2016) Design, The ENCCRV design began with the technical and It does not consider direct reductions
preparation phase. financial support by COSUDE, then gradually progress
was made in the application of different approaches, in
an international scenario of progressive awareness on
climate change.
To date, we have developed several studies, projects,
institutional arrangements, participatory processes of
preparation and validation with the support of several
national and international funds that have allowed the
development of the ENCCRV17 document, very robust in
technical terms.
Participatory process, phase of The results of 15 consultation workshops at a regional It does not consider direct reductions
preparation and validation of level, and a national workshop with a total of 1,392
the ENCCRV (2010-2016). participants were developed and analyzed during the
process.
Data obtained in self-assessment macro-zone workshops
with the participation of 74 key stakeholders have been
carried out and analyzed.
We are in the process of performing the virtual citizen
consultation document of the ENCCRV with over 500
participants.
A process of dialogue and indigenous participation with
over 1,800 participants has been developed.
3 Estimate of the Reference Presented at a subnational level to the UNFCCC in It does not consider direct reductions
Level (2012-2017). January 2016. The current estimate includes the territory
between Maule and Los Lagos regions, it will be scaled
to national level during 2018.
4 Determination of the causes We have identified the main causes of deforestation, It does not consider direct reductions
of deforestation, absence of absence of vegetation, vegetation resources degradation
vegetation, vegetation resources and difficulties to increase carbon stocks and other co-
degradation, and difficulties benefits associated. In addition to the above, activities
to increase carbon stocks and have been identified with their corresponding action
other co-benefits associated measures, among other studies and relevant models.
(2012-2016). Currently, work is being done on the premise that with
adequate funding, they can be replicated at a national
level with the due support of governmental programs. In
addition, as a result of this process priority districts for
intervention have been identified.
5 Early implementation of af- Projects have been carried out to determine manage- One of the objectives of these projects is to estimate reduced emis-
firmative action measures to ment models that allow reducing emissions for unsus- sions with the implementation of various measures of action, hence
determine management models tainable use of biomass, implement preventive forestry there is no goal. However, emissions reduction will be effectively
(2015-2017). measures against forest fires, rehabilitation of areas af- monitored. During 2016 and 2017 interventions have been carried
fected by forest fires, revegetation at areas heading wa- out at six projects of the early implementation of preventive forestry
ter-producing basins and models to improve landscape and restoration. The surface of the total intervention corresponds to
connectivity. 58 hectares, with an area of influence of 976 hectares, directly ben-
efiting 28 owners and indirectly, 18,634 inhabitants of rural areas.
An annual volume of 3,400 t/CO2eq reduced emissions is estimated.
6 Implementation and adjust- Work has been started for the design of the SMM in joint It does not consider direct reductions
ments of measuring and mon- support with INFOR.
itoring systems for effective
verification of GHG reductions/
captures (2016-2030).
16
These can be time series
17
http://www.enccrv-chile.cl/

Safeguards CONAF has developed the First Summary of Information By which Chile intends to comply with Decision 12 of the Conference
on the Approach, Respect and Compliance with safe- of the Parties Issue 17 (12/CP171) of the UNFCCC, where it is stated
guards for the formulation of Chile’s ENCCRV, which that developing countries must provide a summary of the informa-
will be delivered to the UNFCCC secretariat in February. tion on the manner in which they are addressing and respecting the
safeguards listed in decision 1/CP.162, better known as the Cancun
safeguards. The Summary of safeguards, as described in decision
17/CP.213, includes the following elements:
Information on national circumstances to be taken into account when
addressing and respecting safeguards;
A description of each of the safeguards in accordance with the na-
tional circumstances;
A description of the systems and processes that are relevant for ad-
dressing and respecting safeguards, including the information sys-
tems referred to in decision 12/CP.17 in accordance with the nation-
al circumstances;
Information about the way in which each of the safeguards has been
addressed and respected in accordance with the national circum-
stances;
Co-benefits achieved or expected
The different dimensions to determine co-benefits and the variables associated to the corresponding monitoring are under formulation process by CONAF profes-
sionals, with the support of specialists. Updated progress is detailed in the item referred to the use of land, land-use change and forestry.
Costs of the NAMA and source of funding
Resources received to date with- The budget related to the ENCCRV, of which the activities of the NAMA forestry are a part of, are included in the item referred
in the framework of the NAMA to the use of land, land-use change and forestry.
In particular, framed only within the NAMA, USD 1,600,000 has been received as technical and financial support by COSUDE.
Support Required
The financial support required for the implementation phase of the ENCCRV in general is specified in the item referred to use of land, land-use change and forestry.
Related Policies and Regulations

The policies and regulations related to the NAMA that are part of the ENCCRV describe the item referred to use of land, land-use change and forestry.
Related NAMAs
• NAMA of Georgia financed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water of Austria, under the name "Adaptive, Sustainable Forest
Management in Borjomi-Bakuriani Forest District".
• NAMA of Mali, which expects funding for implementation, under the name "NAMA in the forestry sector"
• NAMA initiative "Green Route of the Panama Canal". Integrates reductions for vessels transiting the Canal, for energy efficiency and renewable energy
use in the operation of the Canal and forest carbon projects in the Panama Canal basin.
Contact details with coordination and management of the NAMA
Responsible Institution National Forestry Corporation (CONAF) of the Ministry of Agriculture.
Contact professional José Antonio Prado, National ENCCRV, Chief of Climate Change and Environmental Services Unit (UCCSA), Management of
Forestry Development and Encouragement (GEDEFF), CONAF. jose.prado@conaf.cl

Table A. 4. Clean Production Agreements in Chile.
NAMA’s General Background

Full Name Clean Production Agreements in Chile
Short name NAMA CPA
Stage Conceptual/Feasibility.
Planned or under planning.
X Implemented.
Recorded with United Nations X Yes
No
Category X Unilateral in search of recognition
Bilateral in search of support for implementation
Credits
Description In Chile, the promotion of cleaner production is carried out by the Agency of Sustainability and Climate
Change (ASCC), Committee depending of Corporación de Fomento - Chilean Economic Development
Agency (CORFO) CORFO. The ASCC is defined as an instance for dialogue and joint action among the
public sector, companies, their workers, communities and civil society, in order to establish and disseminate
an environmentally productive management approach that focuses on prevention and promotion of
production.
The ASCC goal for 2020 is contributing to the reduction of GHG emissions through its main instrument, the
Cleaner Production Agreement (CPA).
This instrument is developed by the Government of Chile with staff dedicated to its participation,
management and coordination, as well as through a financial support instrument: The Clean Production
Fund18, which co-finances up to 70% of the costs associated to the elaboration of an CPA, which are
divided into three lines of financing: the preparation of a general diagnosis of a productive sector, the
implementation phase and the acceptance asssement. The remaining fraction is funded by associations or
organizations representing the companies adhering to CPAs.
In the early years, CPAs did not consider actions aimed specifically to GHG reduction, however, a number of
measures that were agreed within the framework of these agreements have the effect of obtaining reductions.
That is why in 2010, with 54 implemented CPAs and certified by the ASCC until that year, a study was
retained to calculate GHG reductions of 16 CPAs in different industrial sectors. The results estimated
reductions in GHG emissions of 4,050,973 tCO2e19. In 2012 the ASCC registered CPAs with the UNFCCC20
as the first Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAS) of Chile and the world. This NAMA is in
operation and has incorporated a variety of actions with the effect of GHG mitigation, as well as indicators
to track their progress, which are delivered in this report.
Nature or type of action X Strategy, Policy or Programs. Specify related instrument21: policy or national or sectorial or program,
through Cleaner Production Agreements supported by the Fund for the Promotion of Cleaner Production.
Project or set of projects (investment in technology or infrastructure)
Other(s) ………..………………………….
Sector (s) considered by the NAMA X Agriculture X Waste
X Construction X Transportation and its infrastructure
X Power Generation X Crosswise (mark all that apply)
X Energy Use Other(s) ………..…………….
X Forestry/LULUCF
X Industrial and industrial processes
18
http://fpl.cpl.cl/.
19
http://www.ascc.cl/resources/uploads/documentos/archivos/74/estudio_para_el_calculo_de_las_emisiones_de_carbono_equivalente_
derivadas_de_la_implementacion_de_los_apl_realizados_en_chile.pdf.
20
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
21
Instrument of economic, fiscal, voluntary agreements, regulatory, information management, capacity building, research, etc. type.

Technology/methodology One of the objectives of the ASCC is the promotion of clean technologies in the productive sectors22, but
it is the entrepreneur who decides which technology, technique or practice will be implemented. For this
reason, technologies to be incorporated are diverse and dependent on the economic capacity and priorities
of companies, the cost effectiveness of available technologies and of actions contained in each agreement,
which in turn depend on the sectorial and/or territorial diagnoses that are a background for both CPA and
the commitments contained in it.
Gas (es) covered by the NAMA X Carbon dioxide (CO2) X Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC)
X Gas Methane (CH4) X Perfluorocarbons (PFC)
X Nitrous oxide (N2O) X Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
X Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)

Jurisdiction X National Regional Interregional.
Implementation Dates Period For reporting purposes as NAMA, 2012 to 2020.
Start-up Year or expected start-up year 1999
Year-end Permanent policy of the Chilean State.

Reduce GHG emissions by 18,400,000 tCO2e since 2012 to 2020 thanks to the voluntary implementation of actions on the part of the productive sectors.
Barrier What happened?

The lack of actions that set quantitative results generates the incentive to comply by making trivial changes and of little
Lack of quantitative actions.
impact.
Extensive and unclear presentation to explain relationship between CPA actions and their impact. With only a fraction
of the actions several pages of the report 2016 were used, without providing a clear value for the reader. (According to
Volume of actions makes it difficult to feedback delivered by MMA).
report of Cause Chains.
Amount of actions contained in agreements are very numerous, which makes it extremely difficult to establish cause
chains for each of them or make a presentation of same23.
Lack of standard and systems for data Today it is not possible to identify double accounts between this NAMA and other mitigation actions at a reasonable
crossing that allow detection of Double cost due to lack of standard data exchange, and identification of sources or sinks making it possible to detect such
Accounting. double accounting .
Lack of reliable databases for products, Currently, there are only emissions produced in Chile in the report, but eventually categories that have associated
inputs and Network Factor to estimate emissions outside the national territory for which it is not clear what fraction occurs within and outside the country will
emission Outside of Jurisdiction, as be included.
well as to apportion carbon footprint in Currently, there are categories that it is impossible to IPCC categorize because they show an emission data added at the
IPCC categories. footprint level.
Lack of Standardized Rules of Account- Currently, the report is limited to establish equivalences with the categories of the IPCC second level, however it may be
ing and Collection to facilitate alloca- of interest for the exploration of relationship with NGHGI24 and easy comparison with other mitigation actions, to have
tion of corresponding IPCC category. a breakdown equivalent to the maximum level existing for NGHGI.
Lack of definitions at the level of Stand- Reductions calculation of the addition of facilities is different from the addition of calculations made for individual
ards in Calculation Methodologies and facilities25. Model used is probably very simplistic to adequately estimate of additionality, in general it assumes that
collection of independent variables to what changes with CPA is the intensity of consumption or generation of an emissions precursor. On the other hand, even
estimate Additionality and Resolution of when solved the problem to identify sources of double accounting, the problem could not be decided due to incompati-
double accounting. ble assumptions.
Lack of standards regarding quanti- Qualitative uncertainty statement, not having an idea of the accuracy and precision of the values collected as well as
tative allocation of uncertainty to the the values finally delivered affects the quality of the current report, and does not allow to properly visualize challenges
values collected and reported concerning data quality. If uncertainty is very high, values reported as reductions could have a significant probability to
be emissions increases.
Carbon bonds report doubts that Colbun donated carbon credits to tourism CPAs. These bonds would be sold to other countries or donated to other
remain in CPA / Chile thanks to CPA. projects in the absence of CPAs, it is not clear how to estimate CPA additionality in this case.
Additionality, Double Accounting.
Data Volume and Dimensionality of Spreadsheet near the limit of cells used. Intermediate solution to this generated an automated calculation process that
Impacts have the calculations support could take several hours to complete.
system close to its limit.
22
Regulation Committee National Council for Clean Production:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1n6nN79e7QgbFBrNVNqQTFkOVFLellRVzU0MS13X1dhNGlV/view?usp=sharing.
23
Systematization of a little more than 30 agreements presents more than 1700 actions. See Working paper linked: https://docs.google.com/
spreadsheets/d/1TbJb75uVtihNznSPT7Pll-2uXPei9TWhJ_qwwU1SQd0/edit#gid=255147832.
24
National Greenhouse Gas Inventory.
25
Calculation at the aggregate level contains implicit assumption that CPA is causing changes in productive structure of group of companies
that adhere to it. Although this could occur to some extent, it is a strong untested assumption.

Errors due to wrong references in Spreadsheet depended a lot on the fact that whoever introduced estimation formulas correctly referenced the cells with
formulas. data sources, this is slow and generates high probability of mistakes.
Mistakes caused by data mistakenly Risk always present which effect has been the erroneous estimate of reductions, which explained over 80% of the esti-
copied from spreadsheets with data, or mated reductions in previous reports. This was detected with verification, but only a negligible fraction of the data has
impact reports, or from sources to such been verified or possess means of verification, it is not clear how to solve this problem in a scalable manner.
supports, lack of Verification and clear
control mechanisms for error detection
Inadequate reporting structure. Such a detailed table does not have a lot of additional value to what would be direct access to spreadsheet, leads to
confusion.
Redundant Reporting Processes. Report through this guideline and template for BUR26 is redundant multiple fields are consolidated.
Significant underreporting of base data. Many facilities do not report. Less than a third of CPA report something, and less than 10% of the facilities do. Compite-
MAS system expected to fulfill that role, but due to the fact that the system was limited to loading data via web form and
lacked a management module, the Agency could not manage the platform in a manner appropriate to their original
purpose.
Report Understatement. Staff dedicated to consolidate information of CPA to estimate impact is limited and dedicated to other tasks, so there is
gap between data existence and consolidation of same for inclusion in the report. Also, it does not take advantage of
all the information in impacts estimation.
Lack of MRV management capacity Staff coordinating the Agreements and managing the documents, as well as the schedules to these texts with the data
toward companies and CPA coordinat- recording formats is not clear of which should be recorded, how it should be done and how it should be consolidated.
ing team. There is no standardized procedure for it either. At an installation or consultants’ level, the difference is even more
dramatic.
Lack of Historical series on Report. For the purposes of establishing an adequate baseline of the policy, at the beginning of 2017 the historic report prior to
the registration of the NAMA was requested, however such calculations did not exist and if they did, they were usually
not consistent with the current report.

Expected reduction of a total - Accumulated emissions 2012-2020 (tCO2e). - IPCC Guideline 2006, GHG Protocol27
18,400,000 tCO2e, with an - GHG emissions per year (tCO2e/a). - IPCC Guideline 2006, GHG Protocol, 7.3.1 ODS.28
average of 2,250,000 tCO2e - GHG emissions per CPA (tCO2e/a) - NAMA CPA.
per year. A potential reduction
of 31,600 tCO2e per year for
CPA is expected.
Methodologies and assumptions (scope, purpose, goals and evaluation of progress)

1. Goals: 1. Goals:
a. Data collection and data flow: a. Check green solutions final report for detail of assumptions in each estimated reduction.
Impact Reports of 16 selected CPAs, b. For the calculation of emissions per CPA and projection of emissions reduction a value of 31,600 tCO2e/
interviews with guilds to complete (CPA*year) was used, which is equivalent to the total reductions divided by the 16 CPA considered over
missing data on such impacts. Further 8 years. Subsequently, the value was projected assuming that the 45 CPA under diagnosis in 2012 would
processing by consultant with final annually reduce that amount until 2016, and that also 10 CPA would be added annually, every year reaching
results reflected in the calculation final a figure of 18,400,000 tCO2e reduced accrued to 2020.
report of emission reductions. 2. Effects and Progress Evaluation:
b. Scenarios modeling: models 1, See "Description of MRV".
2 and 3 mentioned in the previous
section were used, or a base scenario
equivalent to a % of the final one, de-
pending on the CPA and the categories
involved.
c. Emissions Calculation: In general,
emission factors supported by literature
were used.
2. Effects and Progress Evaluation:
See "Description of MRV” section, the
calculation of effects is annually made and
concurrently with progress assessment.
26
Biennial Update Report.
27
It is the addition accrued from 2012 to 2020 of the GHG categories collected.
28
This is the addition of GHG categories collected. It is also a value associated to an indicator 9.4.1 ODS, for which there is no data on sales
price available, enabling to report it directly.

Implementation Planning and progress
Steps of the Action (s): Progress Status Reductions achieved or expected29
Activities / Years
According to the Based on the established planning, the The expected reductions according to the NAMA registration are 13,500,000 tCO2e in
NAMA registration, to expected value corresponds to 105 the period 2012-2017. However, the impact is estimated at 457,438 tCO2e, a 3% of the
2012 there were 45 CPAs signed as of 2017. There are 79 anticipated. To explain part of this difference, it is worth reviewing the calculations and
CPA under diagnosis CPAs signed in 201730, which means assumptions used in the original estimate of NAMA reductions: (1)31 16 CPA (2) over 8
that should have re- a 75% progress in CPA signing. It is years (3) 4,050,973 tCO2e reduced. This result into 31,600 tCO2e by CPA per year. Then
ductions before 2016; important to note that of these 79 CPAs it is assumed that the (4) 45 CPAs existing and under diagnosis at the date of the NAMA
over 10 CPAs signed signed in the period 2012 - 2017, only registration (5) would generate reductions equal to those 31,600 tCO2e by CPA per year
per year from 2012 to 9 CPAs are considered in the current (6) since 2012 to 2016. This results into 7 MM tCO2e. Then at assuming (7) that 10 CPAs
2020. report. per year will be additionally signed, which would generate (8) reductions of 31,600 tCO2e
On site https://sites.google.com/cpl. by CPA per year (9) to 2020, which results into a value of approximately 11.4 mm tCO2e
cl/sfe/resumen-estadístico-ascc appear which in addition to the above results into a total of 18.4 MM tCO2e. Then, on that basis
periodically updated operational data reductions are estimated for 2.25 tCO2e per year. These assumptions are problematic for
of the different Agreements managed by the following reasons:
the Agency. Assumptions (2), (6) and (9) are inconsistent, because they assume different periods of
validity for CPAs. Assumption (6) includes in 2012 impact calculation 45 CPAs that are
under diagnosis that same year, not yet signed. On the other hand, assumptions (4), (6) and
(7) would lead to assume that in 2012, 55 CPAs were signed, a figure five times greater
than the historical maxima existing prior to 2012. Assumptions (3), (5) and (8) assume that
all CPAs behave as the average of CPAs used in the Green Solutions study. In practice, this
has not been observed. The possible selection bias in the original study32, that over 80%
of the result is explained by a single CPA; verification of these values did not exist, and
standard deviation is three times the average should have led to the selection of a more
conservative or robust value. Related to the above, the assumption (2) of eight years is
completely arbitrary, since the green solutions study conducted before/after analysis without
setting years for these impacts, but a review of the individual results enables to infer them.
On the other hand, the assumptions used for each CPA in this study are not equivalent to the
assumptions currently used in the estimation of impacts33.
Other reasons that significantly influence the result obtained is that most of the CPAs
signed in the period 2012-2017 have not yet recorded their values34, and that there still
are emission categories that have not been estimated, such as reductions associated to
recycling.
29
These can be time-series.
30
This considers the pilots of new types of territorial agreements and pre-investment studies characterized by a methodology for generation
and mode of operation different from that of the CPA based on the technical standard, pre-investment 3 associated with commitments in the
framework of the installation of productive plants of sufficient size to have to issue statements or environmental assessments, 3 of watershed
management and management 1 territory for fire prevention.
31
Assumptions in format (no course).
32
It is reasonable to think that those CPAs envisaging greater reductions have been selected
33
In the following worksheet it is possible to find a number of analyses in support of this paragraph: https://docs.google.com/spread-
sheets/d/1Fn-spc_1oD2BOGVbSNeWrmCKf2y6a-GrOci1ozWTro8/edit#gid=0.
34
Only 9 CPA of 78, with data of 60 of the 5,396 participating establishments in this period.

Steps (earlier defined) Indicator Name35 (co-benefit) Results achieved and expected36
It is expected to sign • Fuel Energy Consumption Fixed Source • -357,906,669 KWH
and implement 10 • Fuel Energy Consumption Mobile Source • -117,511,319 KWH
agreements per year • Electrical Energy Consumption • -823,541,958 KWH
in the period 2012- • Consumption of Water Tank Truck • -794 m3
2020. • Channel Water Consumption • -21,845,219 m3
• Consumption of Sea Water • 37,737,775 m3
• Well Water Consumption • -8,357,014 m3
• Water Consumption from the network • -26,682,100 m3
• Women's participation in Teaching37 • 0% (final variation – CPA Start-up)
• Women's participation as a Head Professor38 • 2% (final variation – CPA Start-up)
• Women's participation in Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry and Fisheries39 • 5% (final variation – CPA Start-up)
• Women's participation in Managerial position Agriculture, livestock, • 15% (final variation – CPA Start-up)
forestry and fisheries.
• Investment in water. • CLP $115,392,790
• Investment in emissions reduction. • CLP $70,524,906
• Investment in Phytosanitary Management. • CLP $1,100,000
• Investment in Measuring and Managing Carbon Footprint. • CLP $66,906,570
• Investment in Food Safety. • CLP $332,967,482
• Investment in Waste Management. • CLP $19,951,945
• RESPEL investment management. • CLP $5,808,096
• Investment in RSE shares. • CLP $11,227,858
• Investment in Noise Management. • CLP $3,082,992
• Investment in Labor security. • CLP $26,398,276
• Investment in management of dangerous substances. • CLP $4,869,090
• Investment in sustainability. • $1,070,000
• Evaluation CPA Actions. • 6.4
• CPA Participants Commitment Evaluation. • 6.0
• CPA Participants Relationship Assessment. • 5.7
• Assessment CPA Contribution Business Sustainability. • 5.6
• Person hours dedicated to training in Water use. • 499 MH
• Man hours dedicated to training in Energy. • 8,710 MH
• Man hours dedicated to training in Food safety. • 4,006 MH
• Man hours dedicated to training in Occupational safety. • 3,858 MH
35
Co-benefits may consider social, economic and environmental other than GHG reduction. Can be qualitative or quantitative. There are other
co-benefits that were not included in this report because data were not processed in term, but in following updates this list should increase
significantly.
36
Negative value indicates a reduction.
37
This was an indicator registered in the Agreement because there was a measurement action of it, but as there are no direct actions variation,
it is not attributable to the CPA.
38
39

Costs of the NAMA
Estimate cost of preparation Cost USD 35,500
Calculation Description S/I
Estimate cost of implementation Cost USD 40 million
Calculation Description Budget Sustainability and Climate Change Agency approximately USD 5 MM per year,
multiplied by 8 years.
Incremental cost of Cost 0
implementation
Calculation Description S/I
Funding Source
Own resources USD 40 million
Resources received N/A, NAMA recognition
Resources to be requested (total, N/A, NAMA recognition
detail appears below)
Support Required
Financial Resources Amount required N/A, NAMA recognition
Type of resources N/A, NAMA recognition
required
Comments N/A, NAMA recognition
Technology Amount required N/A, NAMA recognition
required
Capacity building Amount required N/A, NAMA recognition
required

MRV Description
The measurement and estimation of impacts methodology starts with the definition of data to register in each CPA. The collection of data is done by each com-
pany at the establishments that are a part of the CPA. Subsequently, the following 5 scenarios may have occurred for the delivery of data once they have been
collected by individual organizations:
1. Data are transferred to the association or to the consultant hired by the association, who conducts impact estimates in an impacts report once the CPA has
finished, report that sometimes includes some of the data collected. More frequent case.
2. Data are transferred through a spreadsheet to the association or to the consultant hired by the association, who delivers them to the ASCC together with
the impacts report. Recent practice as a result of changes introduced as a part of the MRV.
3. Data are transferred to NBC40 or uploaded to CompiteMAS platform within the context of the CompiteMAS public good. Then NBC estimates GHG impact
in a mitigation report which sometimes includes some of the data collected. Around 4 cases.
4. Data are delivered by company to verification entity (NBC) during the completion of a field verification, these data are subsequently sent to the ASCC. 13
cases, only one has been consolidated in this report.
5. Data are transferred from companies, Associations or consultant to the ASCC due to a subsequent process of data collection made from the ASCC in order
to retrieve data by establishment not previously reported, or to verify data previously reported. Around 5 cases.
Once obtained, data must be systematized in a spreadsheet and classified according to categories consistent with the existing ones in the national inventory, so
as to be able to use the corresponding emission factors. In the case of categories not associated to the national inventory, data are categorized so that they can
be compared between companies. In addition, all data are converted to a single base unit, which depends on the category. Additionally, a review is conducted
to indicate if the category to which the data belongs was effectively managed at the CPA41. Calculations are then applied to estimate scenarios, as well as other
control computations. A processing model is assigned to each base category, which usually coincides with an intermediate effect, for the calculation of base
scenarios and scenario with CPA:
1. Model "0" is used for qualitative, informative or evaluation data of the CPA by the participants, where modelling a base scenario is not required.
2. Model "1" is used in cases where it is assumed that in the base scenario the value for the category was "0", and in the scenario with CPA values are
those collected during it. This model is used in the statement of investments associated to the CPA or trainings for implementation of the CPA42.
3. Model "2" is used in those categories in which it is assumed that the CPA affects any productive parameter. The base scenario corresponds to the value
of the parameter in the year prior to the execution of the CPA, or the first annual data available after execution. This value is projected by assuming that the
parameter remains constant. For the case of a scenario with CPA, the data used are those actually measured for up to 7 years43 since the CPA execution, af-
ter which it is assumed that the CPA has no effect because the companies would had made the changes anyway. If such data are not available, it is assumed
that the last annual data available are kept constant.
4. Model "3" is used in those categories in which it is assumed that the CPA affects the intensity of use or generation of any substance given a certain level of
activity44 . The base scenario corresponds to the data prior to the CPA execution, or the first annual data available after execution. This value is projected by
assuming that intensity remains constant, hence the use or generation of each substance is projected on the basis of data activity of each year. For the case
of a scenario with CPA, the data used are those actually measured up to 7 years since the CPA execution, after which it is assumed that the CPA has no effect
because the companies would had made the changes anyway. In case these data are not available, the last annual data available are used and projected
on the basis of activity data for each year. If the activity data for a given year are not available, the adjustment of last year’s production for which data were
collected on the terms of variation of annual indicator of this particular sector are used as a proxy. If there are no sectorial data available, then the activity
data is assumed constant from the last year collected. Calculation is performed by establishment whenever possible, and results are subsequently added.
Once the modeling of categories on the basis of the resulting values are multiplied by emission factors, global warming potentials (GWP)45 and/or other
values46, as appropriate, so as to obtain the scenarios for the impact categories that are derived from the base categories (as is the case in all categories of
Greenhouse Gases reported). The difference between scenarios is the effect of the CPA.
40
NBC: Biotechnological Nucleus Curauma Universidad Católica de Valparaíso.
41
Under process of implementation at the time of publication this report.
42
It is questionable whether to declare the hours of training, or if investment is effectively only those associated with CPA, which would have not
been performed had it not existed. The shortage of historical data series makes it difficult to use a more sophisticated model.
43
The value of 7 years is used according to rule 49 (a) of the Clean Development Mechanism http://cdm.unfccc.int/EB/rules/modproced.html,
the choice of that period would be justified in time of technological change according to "The Complete Guide to Climate Change" section,
page 83.
44
This is inspired on some of the base lines of the Clean Development Mechanism.
45
GWP used are those of the AR5 (Assessment Report 5) for all GHGs considered, with the possible exception of the emissions associated with
the consumption of electric power, because the manner in which the Ministry of Energy estimates emission factors from the electric network is
not clear.
46
Default values were selected from the national inventory, in case it did not exist then national sectorial information was used, if this was not
possible then the standard values for the IPCC Guidelines were used, and in case this was not possible, then any value found in the available
literature.

Once finished all calculations formulas are used to mark those values that are atypical and that may require review and/or verification. Only those data that are
not marked as atypical are reported in an official way, unless they have been checked and verified, giving as reference the value obtained without applying this
exclusion. This methodology has been implemented on the basis of this report. In previous reports, atypical data were selected by visual inspection, performing
afterwards a verification by a third party, through a contract with the NBC, or by a second party in case the previous is not possible47, but these calculations
were not excluded from the report48 . The exact mechanism of correction/revision of data marked for review and/or verification during this period remains to be
defined.
One of the objectives of this report is to account for the change from the National Council for Clean Production to Sustainability and Climate Change Agency,
so this report is in line with the new vision of the institution as well as to the commitments of the country in both issues. That is why different taxonomies are
combined in the report, particularly those arising from IPCC49, GHG Protocol50 and ODS51. In addition, other categories are included for which there is evidence
of their public interest or relevance for the interested parties of the companies participating in these agreements.
Related Policies and regulation
1. Law 20,416 which sets special rules for small companies. Link: https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1010668.
2. Supreme Decree 160 which sets the rules of the "National Council of Clean Production". Link: https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1042652.
3. Affected Resolution 242 implementing Council Agreement N° 2,947 of 2016, which modifies the name of the "National Council Committee for Clean Produc-
tion - CPL" by "Agency for Sustainability and Climate Change - ASCC" and amends resolution (a) No. 303, of 2007, Corfo. Link: http://www.cpl.cl/archivos/
transparencia/RA_242.pdf.
4. Agreement 22/2017 of the Council of Ministers for Sustainability that endorses the National Action Plan on Climate Change. Link: http://portal.mma.gob.cl/
wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Acuerdo_N_22-2017.pdf.
Related NAMAs
CPAs may be related with all sectorial NAMAs accounting for reductions achieved by companies participating in both mitigation actions. Without prejudice to
the foregoing, to date there has not been any case in which this effectively happens. The reason for the latter may be the low amount of companies considered in
the report, but also the lack of a record allowing to identify these cases.
Contact details for NAMA coordination and management
Responsible Institution Agency for Sustainability and Climate Change (ASCC), CORFO committee of the Ministry of Economy, Government of Chile.
Contact professional Ambrosio Yobanolo, Responsible for Business Intelligence Unit and Process Design.
Amanda Labarca 124, Second Floor, Santiago, Chile.
(562) 2688 4500
ambrosio.yobanolo@ascc.cl
Alternate Contact Ximena Ruz, Head of the Clean Production Agreements Office.
Amanda Labarca 124, Second Floor, Santiago, Chile.
(562) 2688 4500
ximena.ruz@ascc.cl
47
Due to the fact that one of the companies involved declined the verification visit, the guild acted as an intermediary, and finally a correction
to the data was made.
48
Because in both cases the original data were incorrect, reductions were overestimated in more than a million tCO2e, this is the main reason
for the decision that from this report atypical results will be excluded from the official result.
49
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Link: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/spanish/index.html.
50
Reporting standard of greenhouse gases. Link: http://www.ghgprotocol.org/.
51
Objectives of sustainable development. Link: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/indicators-list/.

ANNEX 7. WORKSHOPS, COURSES AND
SEMINARS RELATED TO CAPACITY BUILDING
AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, PERIOD
JULY 2016- MARCH 2018
Area Year Initiative Name Objective Donor/Organizer
M,R 2018 Workshop of the Informal • Improve connectivity and alignment between (and with- Government of Canada/ IETA
Technical Sub-group of in) MRV teams for climate change in the countries of the
MRV and climate change Pacific Alliance (AP);
of the Pacific Alliance • Increase awareness and familiarization of the scope and
(SGT-MRVCC), "National nature of MRV systems for climate change in each country
Systems for MRV - Towards of the AP;
Connectivity and Align- • Discuss the challenges, synergies and opportunities to
ment" improve MRV systems for climate change;
• Define a multi-year work plan to develop the technical
and systemic capacity of MRV systems for climate change
among the countries of the AP.
T,N 2018 Meeting Cartagena Develop contents for the main common messages of the Donor countries Cartagena Dialogue
Dialogue, Costa Rica member countries of the Cartagena dialogue regarding
the: (1) Ambition toward COP24 and Dialogue of
Talanoa, (2) Framework of transparency of AdP and (3)
Means of implementation.
R,N 2017 PATPA Annual Retreat To provide an analysis on recent developments in the UN- Partnership on Transparency in the Paris
Georgia FCCC negotiations and facilitate an understanding of the Agreement PATPA
implications of the Paris Agreement for the implementation
of the national policy.
To facilitate the exchange and dissemination of good prac-

tices in the application of systems of transparency covering
mitigation, adaptation and means of implementation.
T 2017 Regional Workshop "Road To meet and discuss the visions of countries in the region CDKN
to implementation of nation- with regard to progress up to date and the next steps for
ally determined contribu- implementation of the National Contributions (NDCs).
tions (NDCs)"
M 2017 "Asia-Pacific Carbon Mar- Explore opportunities for the development of carbon mar- Government of New Zealand
kets Roundtable" kets in the region.
R,M 2017 "Information Matters Support the understanding of identification and estimation GIZ
Capacity Building of mitigation actions in relevant sectors; to familiarize par-
Workshop: Mitigation ticipants with the guides on report for mitigation actions
Action Reporting" developed by the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
R 2017 Technical workshop on Share experiences on top of the existing initiatives of UNDP/UNEP
the "Capacity Building MRV and transparency, and discuss the efficient use
Initiative for Transparency and coordination of the Capacity Building Initiative for
(CBIT) Global Coordination Transparency (CBIT) Program and providing inputs to the
Platform. content of the next Platform of Global Coordination, under
the responsibility of UNDP and UN Environment, with the
purpose of making progress in the implementation of the
enhanced transparency framework as defined by the Paris
Agreement.
T 2017 Regional dialogue on To facilitate exchange between representatives of the GIZ/UNDP
Nationally Determined countries and geographical groups of countries, discussing
Contributions (NDC) Latin in detail the continuity in the implementation of the techni-
America cal and communication aspects of the NDC submitted by
countries of the region to United Nations, on the occasion
of the COP21 of Paris.

R 2017 Closing Meeting Phase Facilitate final exchange of the implementation results in GIZ
II (last phase) of Project each of the countries; represent Chile in global workshop
Information Matters- GIZ & organized by the Partnership on Transparency in the Paris
International BUR Champi- Agreement on instruments of compliance with the trans-
ons Workshop. parency elements in the Paris Agreement, with regard to
reports to be submitted to the United Nations.
M 2017 "Long-term strategies for the To facilitate exchange between the representatives of the Government of Canada and German
implementation of the Paris countries of the Latin American region, discussing in detail and Danish Cooperation Agencies.
Agreement" the technical aspects of opportunities in respect of Article
4, paragraph19 of the AdeP.
R 2017 Latin American Regional To facilitate exchange between the representatives of the Government of Canada, GGGI and
Forum: "Defining an agen- countries of the Latin American region, discussing in detail German Cooperation Agency.
da to improve transparency the technical aspects of opportunities for the implementa-
through the strengthening tion of MRV systems to improve transparency related to
of MRV mechanisms" NDC contributions submitted to the United Nations, as a
part of the commitments associated with the ratification of
countries of the Paris Agreement (ADP). Specifically, what
is referred to in Article 13 of the AdeP.
R,M 2017 Workshop on construction To provide additional technical support to Parties not UNFCCC
of National Systems for included in annex I to improve their internal capacities
GHG inventories and the in order to facilitate the continuity of the fulfilment of the
Sustainable Use of the requirements of reporting, among other, training in the use
2006 IPCC Guidelines for of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
the Latin America and the Gas Inventories, as well as the sustainable construction
Caribbean region. of national systems of management of greenhouse gas
inventories.
R,N 2017 Regional Workshop for Exchange of regional experiences on progress in trans- PATPA
Latin America and the parency and accounting of contributions determined at a
Caribbean Partnership for national level (NDC).
Transparency in the Paris
Agreement.
R 2017 Second Working Meeting To follow up on the activities of the network in the period UNDP
of the Latin American 2016-2017; to exchange experiences regarding quality
Network of National assurance and quality control, filing and dissemination of
Greenhouse Gas Invento- NGHGIs; agree and define the relevance to standardize
ries (RedINGEI). NGHGI reports; and define activities and future products
on the network.
N,R 2017 "APA inter-sessional work- Inter-sessional workshop under item 5 of the APA agenda: UNFCCC
shop on agenda item 5: modalities, procedures and guidelines for the enhanced
modalities, procedures and framework of transparency for actions and support re-
guidelines for the transpar- ferred to in Article 13 of the Paris Agreement.
ency framework for action
and support referred to
in Article 13 of the Paris
Agreement"
A 2017 Regional Dialogue for Exchange of regional experiences on the importance and Convention on Biological Diversity
the integration of climate opportunities for integration of climate change in its links
change and biodiversity at with biodiversity conservation.
a national level.
T 2017 Regional dialogue on To meet and discuss the visions of the countries in the European Commission.
Nationally Determined region regarding the next steps and challenges for the
Contributions. implementation of the National Contributions (NDCs).
R 2017 2nd Information Matters Exchange of experiences on capacity-building in transpar- GIZ
"Peer-to-Peer Exchange ency and reporting of climate action.
Workshop" + "International
BUR Champions Work-
shop"

A 2017 Sectorial workshops of To strengthen knowledge about the resilience of forests, EUROCLIMA
EUROCLIMA+ "Forests, ecosystems and local communities to climate change
Biodiversity and Ecosys- and environmental degradation in the framework of the
tems" and "Disaster Risk Climate Change national plans of action. To support the
Reduction" adoption of plans of disaster risk reduction and manage-
ment and, in particular, the integrated management of
droughts and floods within a context of climate change.
A,M 2017 Project Euroclima Work- Formally end Euroclima project, and launch of the second EUROCLIMA
shop part of the project, called Euroclima+
M 2017 Seminar/Workshop on En- Development of methodological concepts for the design UNDP
ergy Policy for Sustainable of the energy policy and energy planning, along with the
Development and the use of development of the scenarios technique, and the training
the LEAP model and intensive use of the LEAP model.
A,M 2017 LEDS LAC Experts’ To exchange experiences for the use of co-benefits anal- LEDS LAC
Workshop on analysis of ysis to identify synergies and complementarities between
co-benefits and complemen- mitigation and adaptation to climate change.
tarities between mitigation
and adaptation to climate
change.
M 2017 Workshop on "Monitoring, To learn more about the MRV systems of emissions from Government of Canada
Reporting and Verification waste management centers in the province of Quebec,
(MRV) of emissions from the Canada.
Waste Sector", associated
to the Chile Program.
T 2016 Regional Workshop of the (1) Increasing understanding on the FVC and advances re- FVC
Green Climate Fund in lated to their work, such as support for NDCs and national
Latin America. planning processes for adaptation;
(2) To exchange experiences among the different actors on
addressing climate change at a national level and expec-
tations with respect to the role of FVC in the financing of
adaptation and mitigation measures in Latin America
(3) to develop a roadmap to articulate national priorities
and opportunities of access to available resources with
the Fund.
T 2016 Regional dialog on NDC, To know and discuss the visions of the countries in the UNDP, PMR, International Partnership on
July 2016 region regarding the next steps and challenges for the mitigation and MRV.
implementation of the National Contributions (NDCs).
T 2016 XIII Annual Meeting of the Discuss the main challenges and other relevant LARIOCC
Iberian-American Network crosswise elements for the implementation of the national
of Climate Change Offices. contributions to the Paris Agreement and opportunities for
cooperation through the RIOCC taking into account the
needs and strengths of the national contributions to the
Paris Agreement and cooperation opportunities through
the RIOCC taking into account the needs and strengths of
the region.
A 2016 VI Regional Seminar EURO- Share the progress made by EUROCLIMA during the EUROCLIMA
CLIMA and EUROCLIMA+ first half of 2016, which main emphasis was placed on
Seminar. the exchange of information and experience, capacity-
building and advances in sustainable agriculture, food
safety and climate change.
M,R 2016 Workshop "MRV and Eval- The main objective of the workshop "MRV and Evaluation Information Matters/Netherlands
uation of Energy Efficiency of Energy Efficiency Measures and related GHG Enterprise Agency (RVO).
Measures and related Emission Reductions” was giving an overview of the main
GHG Emission Reductions" elements and practical tools for the evaluation of energy
and "International Energy savings and GHG emissions, as well as the exchange of
Policies & Programs Evalua- experiences and good practices.
tion Conference (IEPPEC)".
The "International Energy Policies & Programs Evaluation
Conference (IEPPEC)", for its part, whose primary purpose
is to link both to evaluators as implementers of policies and
low carbon programs in the field of energy efficiency.

T 2016 Latin America & Caribbean Participate in the Annual Meeting of the LEDS LAC Platform LEDS-LAC
Low Emission Development for Latin America and the Caribbean), at the Meeting of
Strategies LED Global the Executive Committee of the LEDS LAC Platform, and in
Partnership (LAC) Regional the X Latin American Carbon Forum 2016.
Platform & Steering
Committee Meeting. X Latin
American Carbon Forum
2016
R 2017 Annual Retreat PATPA To provide an analysis on recent developments in the Partnership on Transparency in the Paris
September 2017 UNFCCC negotiations and facilitate an understanding of the Agreement PATPA
To facilitate the exchange and dissemination of good

practices in the implementation of transparency
systems covering mitigation, adaptation and means of
implementation.
T 2016 Regional dialogue on To know and discuss the visions of the countries in the UNDP, PMR, International Partnership on
NDC, July 2016 region regarding the next steps and challenges for the mitigation and MRV
T 2017 Regional Workshop "Road To know and discuss the vision of countries in the region CDKN
to the implementation of with regard to progress up to date and next steps for the
nationally determined implementation of National Contributions (NDCs).
contributions (NDCs)",
January 2017
T 2017 Regional workshop on Discuss options for mitigation and adaptation to climate ECLAC
"Public Policies facing change measures and policies.
climate change in Latin
America and the Caribbe-
an" June 2017
T 2017 Experts’ Workshop: Anal- Exchange of experiences in the use of the analysis of LEDS LAC -UNDP
ysis of co-benefits as the co-benefits to make progress in the resilient promotion in
basis for the integration of countries at PAL.
the agendas of mitigation,
adaptation and develop-
ment." May 2017
T 2017 "Workshop on initiatives to Strengthening links between the UNFCCC mechanisms to CTCN
accelerate the deployment accelerate the transfer of technologies in the countries, and
and technological transfer being supported in the preparation of a strategy for tech-
in companies" December nology transfer through expert’s support.
2017
M 2017 "Study Tour in Germany To know and learn about experience of Germany with the GIZ
on the Emissions Trading EU ETS, how it was designed, how it was implemented,
System in the European how it operates, and how much is the budget.
Union", December 2017
T 2017 "Workshop on mobilization To know cases of countries in the region, and define GIZ NDC PARTNERSHIP
of private investment in the objectives, performing sectors exploratory proposals of
development of projects investment projects.
aligned with the NDCs of
each country." September
2018
T 2017 "Global NDC Conference Sharing experiences among countries with respect to the Global NDC
2017: integrated implementation of the NDC.
governance, finance and
transparency for delivering
climate goals" May 2017
T 2017 "Enhancement of coopera- Presenting activities of cooperation on action in climate GIZ UNFCCC
tion in climate action and change and sustainable development matters. Identify
sustainable development" areas that we can improve the cooperation between
July 2017 countries.
T 2017 "Conference Green Banks Contribute to the discussion on how national development OECD
and NBDs" June 2017 banking and the model of green banking contribute to
Latin American countries achieving the goals of the Paris
Agreement.

T 2017 Experts’ Workshop: Explor- Exchange of experiences, lessons learnt and best practices LEDS LAC - EUROCLIMA
ing financing and MRV in financing, formulation and implementation of an agen-
for integration between da of integration between mitigation and adaptation to
mitigation and adaptation climate change.
in climate policies" October
2016
T 2016 "Regional Forum for Strengthen the link between the technology and financial CTCN
national designated entities mechanism of the UNFCCC; in addition to the space
of the Center and Climate to know innovations of climate technologies that are a
Technology Network priority for the region.
CTCN for Latin American
countries" December 2016
M 2016 LEDS LAC V Regional Knowing the outcomes of recent studies, planning tools IDB, CDKN, World Bank
Workshop: Moving toward and case studies of countries, obtain relevant learning for
a resilient and low in the design of MRV of NAMAs APL
emissions development:
implementing the “Paris
Agreement" September
2016
M 2016 Workshop of international Have experience of Chile in the use of guidelines of MRV, GIZ
good practices of MRV and and receive feedback from other countries and entities.
Accounting.
T 2016 Regional dialogue on To know and discuss the vision of the countries in the UNDP, PMR, International Partnership on
NDC, July 2016. region regarding the next steps and challenges for the mitigation and MRV.
M 2016 Workshop "The Paris Disseminate and discuss the implications, challenges and PMR
Agreement and the devel- opportunities of the Paris Agreement for the political, pri-
opment of instruments for vate, academic world and civil society in Chile.
carbon pricing in Chile"
R 2016 Workshop: Making Pro- Discussion on the importance and progress in the MRV PMR
gress in Measurement, methodologies for climate change,
Reporting and Verification
(MRV) in the Energy sector
R 2017 Annual Retreat PATPA To provide an analysis on recent developments in the UN- Partnership on Transparency in the Paris
Septiembre 2017 FCCC negotiations and facilitate an understanding of the Agreement PATPA
To facilitate the exchange and dissemination of good prac-

tices for the application of transparency systems covering
mitigation, adaptation and means of implementation.
T 2017 Regional Workshop "Road To know and discuss the vision of the countries in the re- CDKN
to the implementation of gion regarding progress up to date and the next steps for
nationally determined con- the implementation of the National Contributions (NDCs).
tributions (NDCs)", January
2017.
M 2017 1St Training Workshop: Training in national GHG inventories and national PMR
The information as the experience in the design and implementation of MRV
cornerstone of mitigation systems.
and the instruments of
carbon pricing in Chile
M 2017 Workshop for Workshop on Climate Change, New mitigation obligations PMR
Parliamentary Advisors for Chile resulting from the Paris Agreement, possibilities of
instruments of carbon price in this respect"
M 2017 Training workshops at the Applications of the instruments of carbon price in the PMR
regions of Valparaíso, Con- response of Chile and the region to climate change.
cepción and Antofagasta
M 2017 Webinar: The CO2 tax in Design and implementation of the carbon tax and its PMR
Chile and its MRV system system of measurement, reporting and verification.
M 2017 Webinar: Instruments of Progress and challenges of the instruments of carbon price PMR
carbon price in Chile and in environmental management.
the world.

M 2017 Workshop of tradable Discussion on instruments of carbon price, their experience PMR and Global Carbon Market Project
emission Systems and global trend, and programs that are now working in (GIZ)
Chile to promote its use.
Development of a hands-on workshop on ETS through
a simulation program on emissions trading -CarbonSim-
developed by Environmental Defense Fund (EDF)
R 2018 Hands-on regional training Train, discuss and analyze the procedures for report of UN Climate Change Secretariat
on the preparation and mitigation actions, and the necessary institutional arrange-
reporting of mitigation ments, focused on the Biennial Update Reports (BUR) and
actions for the LAC region National Communications (NDCs).
N 2016 3rd Latin American To provide national climate experts in the agricultural Climate Change, Agriculture and Food
Dialogue of Policies on and forestry sectors responsible for participating in UN- Safety (CCAFS)
Agricultural and Forestry FCCC processes with a greater understanding and use
issues in the United Nations of the framework and processes under the Convention,
Framework Convention on in order to improve formulation of the domestic policy, to
Climate Change better respond to the international developments, and to
participate in technical discussions on issues related to
agriculture and LULUCF sectors, MRV and NDCs within the
context of the negotiation processes.
A 2016 Internship and methodo- Contribute to adaptation to climate change through the Draft of the Cooperation Fund Chile
logical workshop to learn formation of networks of bilateral collaboration aimed at Mexico called "Technical cooperation in
about the Chilean experi- the generation of guidelines, programs, methodologies the measurement of carbon footprint and
ence in information man- or good environmental practices aimed at strengthening management of pests and diseases, in
agement platforms of pests capacities that promote the use of information platforms of non-traditional export products adapted
and diseases to generate pests and diseases to generate early warnings, in different to conditions of water scarcity".
early warnings. climate scenarios.
M 2016 Course Of National Green- In this course, sponsored by CONAF and instructed by FCPF/CONAF (UCCSA)
house Gas Inventories. Ather Spain, it was sought to strengthen the training of na-
tional technicians on GHG inventories in the AFOLU and
REDD+ sector, as well as its relationship with the reference
levels for Forest emissions/ Forest Reference Levels (NREF/
NRF). Specifically, the course addresses the guidelines of
the IPCC and other methods of the AFOLU sector for the
development of the National GHG Inventory, progress by
ENCCRV REDD+ and its context with an emphasis on the
development of the NREF/NRF, the uncertainty calculation
of GHG estimates, and the use of the tool for the measure-
ment of emissions reductions and increased removals.
A, M 2016 Course of legal back- Training program on legal aspects associated to REDD+, FCPF/CONAF (UCCSA)
ground for implementation with emphasis on the legislation related to payments for
of REDD+ in Chile environmental services, transfer of carbon rights and
national and international regulations on the matter, for
lawyers and professionals related to the subject.
A 2016 International Course for Strengthen technical capacities through theoretical classes COSUDE; World Bank (MST)/ CONAF.
Forest Management and and exchange of lessons learnt among the participants
Recovery of Degraded through the dissemination, review, systematizing expe-
Vegetation Formations riences and results of different relevant stakeholders in
Latin American and Caribbean countries that are currently
developing initiatives of Ecological Restoration of vegeta-
tional resources, aimed to contribute to the mitigation and
adaptation to climate change, in addition to promoting the
reduction of desertification, land degradation and drought,
with the aim of reducing social, environmental and eco-
nomic vulnerability generated by these processes.
A 2017 Training on Dendroenergy Improve the competence of the Dendroenergy Unit, re- FCPF/CONAF.
inforcing basic contents on biomass, utilization, energy
efficiency and emissions.
A 2017 International Course sus- Strengthen technical capacities, exchange relevant les- World Bank (MST); COSUDE/CONAF.
tainable management for sons learnt and present synergies with countries that are
the conservation of moun- currently developing initiatives of mitigation, adaptation
tain forests and wetland to climate change and activities to reduce the effects of
within the framework of the desertification, land degradation and drought through sus-
national climate change tainable management for the conservation and recovery of
strategy and vegetation mountain forests, wetland and other at height vegetation
resources (ENCCRV)". formations.

A 2017 “Participatory Regional Strengthen the capacities of developing countries in South IICA - EU
Analysis: Sectorial plans of America for planning, implementation and monitoring of
climate change in agricul- sectorial policies and programs aimed at increasing the
ture" workshop. resilience of production systems to climate change.
A 2017 Seminar "Monitoring of To present to farmers some of the tools developed or con- FIA
extremps weather events of solidated in Chile through the support of the FIA, that to
agricultural systems". tackle in a better manner the extreme weather events and
more specifically, frosts.
A 2017 Dissemination and pres- Disseminate the instrument developed by the AGRIMED, FIA
entation of the Agroclimatic Center of the School of Agricultural Sciences of the Univer-
Atlas of Chile, developed sity of Chile, and supported by the Ministry of Agriculture
through a project co-fund- through the Foundation for Agricultural Innovation, which
ed by the FIA (6 vols.): seeks that farmers and producers, investors, researchers
dissemination of Volume and advisers, and designers of public policy have agro-
IV in Temuco, Volume VI climatic information of high resolution, both of the current
in Coyhaique, Volume I situation and projected climate change scenarios, in order
in Iquique, Volume II in La to improve decision-making.
Serena (Coquimbo region);
Volume III in Santiago, Vol.
V in Valdivia
R = Report; M = Mitigation; I = NGHGI; A = Adaptation; N = International Negotiation; T= cross-sectional study
Source: Own preparation, Climate Change Office, MMA

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CHILE´S

To the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

DESIGN AND LAYOUT:

Chapter 1. National Circumstances

Chapter 2. National greenhouse gas inventory of Chile 1990-2016

Chapter 3. Greenhouse gas mitigation policies and actions

Chapter 4. Needs and support received in the field of climate change

1. NATIONAL PROFILE 29 2.1. Environmental Institutions 36

II. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 47

III. GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION POLICIES 95

IV. NEEDS AND SUPPORT RECEIVED IN THE FIELD 171

Carolina Schmidt Zaldívar

Chile´s Third Biennial Update Report - Ministry of Environment 7

Chile´s Third Biennial Update Report - Ministry of Environment 9

1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES AND

Table RE1. Key indicators for Chile

Geography and population

Areas of agricultural use (%) 4.2

Population year 2002 (individuals) 15,116,435

Literacy rate year 2013 (%) 96.26 UNESCO

GDP year 2017 (million USD) 277,075.9

Industrial exports year 2017 (million USD Fob) 25,663

Source: Climate Change Office of the MMA.

Termas de Polloquere, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile

2. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS

Key points of the Chile NGHGI 1990-2016 Series

2.1. Introduction 2.2. Institutional Arrange- • Creation and maintenance of

• Update of Chile’s NGHGI

Santiago, Zoonar/Barbara Boensch

In conclusion, Chile’s NGHGI is the result

Sector 1990 2000 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016

Source: Coordinating Technical Team of MMA.

1. Energy 2.IPPU 3. Agriculture 4. LULUCF 5. Waste Balance

Source: Coordinating Technical Team of MMA.

PN Conguillío, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile

3. GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION POLICIES

Voluntary pledge 2020

The voluntary commitment, officially

Chile’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in terms of Mitigation

Carbon Intensity Target:

Specific contribution to the LULUCF sector:

Parque Eólico, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

Parque Karukinka, Juan Ernesto Jaegger - Imagen de Chile

Table RE3. Chile’s NAMA

Name Gas and Sector Period Estimated GHG State

Self-supply renewable energies in Chile Energy 2015-

Transport and Under implementation

Clean Production Agreements (APL) in Chile Transversal 2012- 18,4

Energy recovery from industrial waste Energy, Waste To be Transversal Suspended

Carbon sequestration through sustainable Agriculture, To be 65 to 80 Under design, seeking

3.5. Application of Board, 7 (4 %) are under validation 3.6. Measurement, reporting

Viña Antiyal, Felipe Cantillana - Imagen de Chile

4. NEEDS AND SUPPORT RECEIVED IN

Campos de hielo, Sernatur - Imagen de Chile

The Chilean maritime territory extends

Chile´s Third Biennial Update Report - Ministry of Environment 29

Land use 1990 2000 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016

Forest Land 17,902,864 18,801,801 19,388,946 19,544,709 19,596,630 19,648,551 19,700,472

Native Forest 16,233,959 16,181,672 16,241,849 16,266,573 16,274,814 16,283,055 16,291,296