Repeated Question of Political Science

POLITICAL SCIENCE

PAPER - I

 PLATO

1. Explain Plato’s Theory of Justice. How he tries to implement it through the Education
System? (2001)
2. Plato’s Communism was, is and will remain impracticable. Critically examine this
statement. (2003)
3. Examine the main similarities and differences in the Political Ideas of Plato and
Aristotle. (2004)
4. Explain Plato's theory of Justice. How he tries to implement it through educational
system? (2006)
5. “Plato intended to build an institution for scientific study of politics and training of
statesman" elaborate (2008)
6. Discuss Plato’s contribution to the History of political thought. (2009)

 ARISTOTLE
1. Show how Aristotle’s Organic Theory different from Plato’s Idealistic Theory of State.
(2000)
2. Aristotle was a Realist and not an Idealist- explain w.r.t his theory of the Ends and
functions of the state. (2007)
3. Aristotle was great but not grateful student of Plato” Comment. (2010)

 MACHIAVELLI
1. Machiavelli’s Prince. (2000)
2. Machiavelli enunciated the philosophy of art of the government for effective discipline
and stability in the state. Analyze and discuss the basis of his philosophy in detail. (2002)
3. Machiavelli enunciated the philosophy of Art of government for effective discipline
and stability in the satiate. Analyze and discuss the basis of this philosophy in detail?
(2006)
4. “Is it correct to call Machiavelli citizen of all states and contemporary of all ages”?
Argue. (2010)

 THOMS HOBES
1. Hobbes and Bodin are said to be the proponents of the theory of Absolutism. Do you
agree? Give reasons. (2003)
2. "Life in state of nature was nasty, poor, brutish and short." (Hobbes) (2008)

 JOAN LOCKE
1. Right to revolt against the established government by Locke, if the former violates
people’s trust, is antithetic, in some respects, to the social contract theories of other
philosophers. Analyze the statement and explain in detail. (2000)
2. Examine the nature of the contract expounded by Locke revolving in the establishment
of the Civil Society (2004)
3. Locke was the father of Modern Liberal Democracy-comment (2007)
4. The natural rights of men are right to live, liberty and property".(Locke) (2008)
 ROUSSEAU
1. How General will of a Society formulated? Discuss in the light of Rousseau's
interpretation, on the conclusions, characteristics and criticism of the Theory of Genera!
Will. (2004)
2. Compare the views of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau on Social Contract and
Sovereignty. (2005)
3. Describe the basic features of Rousseau’s political philosophy. (2007)
4. Appreciation and criticism of Rousseau’s theory of General Will. (2009)

 MONTESQUIEU
1. Montesquieu expounded his theory of separation of power to set forth the government
organization in order to safeguard the political liberty. Explain. (2002)
2. How Montesquieu classify government? Which form he considers to be the best?
(2004)
3. Examine Montesquieu theory of separation of powers. Narrate those facts on which he
has been called the Aristotle of the Eighteenth Century (2002)
4. Theory of separation of Power (2006)
5. Examine Montesquieu theory of separation of powers. Why has he been called the
Aristotle of eighteenth century? Discuss. (2009)

 HEGAL
1. It is said that Hegel’s dialectic theory was standing on its bead but Marx has reserved
it. Discuss this statement. (2001)
2. It is said that Hegel's dialectical theory was standing on its head but Marx has reserved
it? Discuss (2006)

 JERMY BENTHAM
1. Bantam’s theory of Punishment. (2002), (2006)
2. "Nature has placed man under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and
pleasure. It is for them alone to point out, what we ought to do as well as to determine,
what we shall do..... We owe to them all our ideas; we refer to them all our judgments and
all the determinations of life". Bentham. Show how Bentham and J.S. Mill promoted
pleasure-pain theory and under what nomenclature. Had this theory any historical ROOT
as well as EFFECT on the political conditions obtaining in their homeland? (2000)

 KARL MARX

3. Political Philosophy of Karl Marx (2004)

MUSLIM POLITICAL THINKERS

 IMAM GHAZALI
1. Enlist the quantities of Al-Ghazali’s Amir and detail account of his daily routine (2002)
2. Al-Ghazali was the torch bearer of the Muslim Rationalistic Renaissance. Analyze the
statement in view of his status as a Mujaddid (2007)

 AL-MAWARDI
1. The Imamate is established to replace prophecy in the defence of faith and the
administration of the world". Elaborate this statement of Al-Mawardi with reference to
his Theory of Jmarnate. (2004)
2. “Al-Marwardi brought constitutional theory of Islam in line with political reality of his
time.” Discuss this with reference to his views on ‘Khlafat’ and Wizarate’. (2010)
 ALLAM IQBAL
1. Explain Allama Iqbal’s Concept of Nationalism. Do you agree that it developed
through a lengthy process of evolution? (2001)
2. Dr.Iqbal's concept of Ego (Khudi) (2004)
3. Examine the contribution of Allama Iqbal as a Philosopher and as a supporter of
Muslim unity. (2007)
4. Iqbal’s views on Ijtehad (2010)
 IBN-KHULDUN
1. Ibn-Khuldun’s stage in the development of the state. (2002)
2. "Ibn-e-Khaledun is called the Father of Political Economy”. Discuss his views on
Political Economy. (2005)
3. Discuss the place of Ibn-e-Khuldun in the history of Political Philosophy? (2006)
4. How far is it true to say that Ibn-e-Khaldun perhaps was the first philosopher to realize
the relevant importance of economics to politics? Argue. (2008)

 FARABI
1. Farabi was in the truest sense, "the parent of all subsequent Arabic philosophers", so
that its only natural that he is regarded by the Muslims as the ‘Mu’allim’-o--thani., the
second Preceptor, the first being Aristotle. Explain.
2. “Farabi was much inspired by Plato in his setting of the Ideal City, or the Model State.”
Discuss (2001)
3. Al – Farabi must be placed among the proponents of the Theory of Social Contract.” In
the light of this statement. (2003)
4. AI-Farabi Concept of State (2004)
5. Ideal State of Al-Farabi (2010)

 ISLAMIC STATE

1. Keeping in view the concept of Shura in Islam, which system of government you
suggest for an Islamic State – Presidential, Parliamentary or any other? Explain you
answer in detail, especially with reference to the practical problems. (2001)
2. An Ideal Islamic State is bound to bring revolutionary changes in all spheres of human
life.” Discuss (2010)
3. Elaborate the characteristics of Islamic State. Give proper references from the Holy
Quran and Sunnah. (2003)
 DEVOLUTION OF POWER PLAN 2000
4. Write a critical note on “Devolution of Power Plan 2000”. Explain also its positive as
well as negative points as compared to the previous system of local government in
Pakistan. (2001)

 MILITARY INTERVENTIONS IN POLITICS

5. Explain the general reasons of military interventions in politics in the developing

countries of the world. What precautionary measures you suggest to avoid such situation.
(2001)
6. In what circumstances might a democratic country turn to military dictatorship or
totalitarian rule? (2008)

 COMMUNISM
7. Communism is inimical to democracy, freedom and actual rights.” Critically examine
the statement. (2003)
8. What are the salient features of communism? Briefly explain. (2003)

 FASCISM
1. Discuss the principles of "Fascism" highlighting its historical background. (2004)
2. Fascism VS Platonism (2005)
3. Principles of Fascism. (2009)

 POLITICAL PARTIES
1. Give a brief account of historical evolution of Political Parties with reference to
theories on the origin of Parties. Also enumerates functions of Political Parties. (2005)
2. Political Parties (2003)
3. Discuss the importance of Political Parties in a Modern state and assess their role as
effective instrument of mobilizing Public Opinion. (2007)
 FEDERATION
1. Differentiate between Federation and Alliance. (2002)
2. In all federations there is a manifest tendency to entrust the central governments with a
wider and wider sphere of authority.” Analyze the statement and discuss in detail. (2002)
3. What are the essential pre-requisites for successful Federal System? (2007)
4. Merits of Federation. (2009)

 SOVEREIGNTY
5. Sovereignty is the most essential element of state hood-explain wrt the differences in
the nature of western and Islamic concepts of sovereignty. (2007)
6. Attributes of Sovereignty (2010)

 RIGHTS & LIBERTY

1. Rights are conceived in different ways of various political philosophers. Critically
examine the most important theories of right. (2002)
2. Rights and duties are based on the principal of reciprocity? Explain. (2006)
3. Basic Rights. (2009)
4. Critically examine the most important theories of Rights as explained by different
writers. (Minimum three). (2005)
5. "Liberty is described as power to do or enjoy something that is worth doing or
enjoying in common with others." In the light of the above statement discuss the
significance of liberty in the contemporary societies. (2008)
6. Define and discuss Liberty and its safeguards. Enlist the causes of its decline in
modern times also. (2009)
 PRESSURE GROUPS
1. Pressure Groups (2003)
2. Discuss organization & functions of pressure groups. Point out indicators of its
effectiveness also. (2009)
 FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
1. Compare and contrast between Democracy and Dictatorship (2003)
2. What are the powers and functions of an executive as a second great organ of the
Government? (2004)
3. Would you agree if it is stated that dictatorship is the only remedy for social, political
and economic instability in a developing country? (2010)
4. Examine in detail the principal advantages and disadvantages of parliamentary over
presidential form of government. (2008)

 MISCELLANEOUS

1. Write an essay on the structure and powers of the present local Government in
Pakistan. Point out its merits and demerits. (2003)
2. What are the agencies available for formation and expression of public opinion? Also
discuss the methods of influencing his opinion. (2004)
3. What are the agencies available for the formation of and expression of public opinion?
Also discuss the methods of influencing public opinion. Can public opinion be regarded
as the 5th essential element of a modern democratic state? (2006)
4. Discuss the theory of Kingship as propounded by Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi. (2009)
5. Mao’s views on Individualism. (2009)
6. Delegation of Powers. (2009)
7. No. of seats in provincial Assemblies (2009)
8. Mode of Elections. (2009)
9. National Language. (2009)
10. Opinion Polls. (2010)
11. "If a determinate human superior, not in the habit of obedience to a like superior,
receives habitual obedience from the bulk of given society,’ that determinate superior is
sovereign in that society and that society-(including the superior) is a society political and
independent". Austin. Critically examine the theory of sovereignty with reference to
views expressed by thinkers in the 16th century. (2000)
12. What are the reasons for the increased activity of the state in modern times? Do you
subscribe to the views that the failure of democracy in Pakistan is the consequence of
misplaced priorities, determined by its leaders on the basis of their self-interest and
prejudices against their opponents? (2000)
13. Unitarianism is the habitual exercise of supreme legislative authority by one central
power. Bring out basic features of this form of state, giving examples and show that the
District Devolution Plan, as an advanced form of local government, is not the initial step
towards formation of unitary type of state in the country. (2000)
14. Discuss the three principles for constituting the Second Chamber in a bi-cameral
Legislature. (2005)
15. Explain the doctrine of Judicial Review. (2005)
16. Point out the problems and prospects of local –self Government in Pakistan. (2007)
17. State the grounds on which Mill advocated the freedom of individual's conduct. What
limitations did he apply to this freedom? (2008)

PAPER - II

 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1. The American Senate is like "the saucer in which the boiling tea of the House is
cooled". Elucidate and make a comparison with the Senate of Pakistan under the 1973
Constitution. (2000)
2. Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely’. Through what mechanism this
has been prevented in the American Constitution? (2001)
3. The most prominent feature of American Political System is its mechanism of “Checks
and Balances”. Discuss its functioning. (2002)
4. Examine critically the power of the President in the US Constitution. (2003)
5. Write down the election of the American President. (2004)
6. Examine the role of Supreme Court in the evolution of the American Constitution.
(2005)
7. How system of check and Balances works in American government? Explain its
functioning. (2006)
8. Analyze the place of President occupies in the U.S political system today. Account for
his supremacy in the Government. (2007)
9. How was George.W.Bush elected as president of U.S.A in 2004? Explain the role of
the U.S President as executive head of the state. (2008)

 UNITED KINGDOM
1. The British Prime Minister is the "shining moon among the stars". Discuss. (2000)
2. Magna Carta. (2000)
3. The Cabinet is the "steering wheel of the ship of the state. It sets the direction of
national policy in U.K." Examine. (2000)
4. Ministerial Responsibility is the cardinal principle of British democracy. Elaborate.
(2001)
5. Do you agree that British Political System is known for the cabinet’s dictatorship?
Give your arguments for or against this idea. (2002)
6. Do you agree in cabinets dictatorship in UK has undermined the supremacy of the
parliament? Explain. (2006)
7. Examine the fundamental Principles of British Constitution. Also discuss the nature,
Powers and functions of the British Cabinet. (2005)
8. Discuss the position and powers of the British Prime Minister. How does
9. He compare with the American president? (2007)
10. Do you agree that sovereignty of the parliament is the dominant characteristic of
British Political System? Explain in detail the role of British parliament. (2008)
11. Explain how the British democracy is overshadowed by the cabinet dictatorship?
(2010)

 FRANCE
1. Analyze the powers of the French President. (2001)
2. French System of Government is a model of highly centralized political system.
Discuss. (2002)
3. The French politics is not as liberal as the Frenchmen claim. Discuss it in the light of
the working of the French Political System. (2004)
4. Discuss the Powers of the President of France under the Fifth Republic. (2005)
5. Describe the main features of the French political system. (2007)
6. Describe the salient features of the judicial system in France. How it differs from that
of Britain? (2008)
7. How local government functions in France? Discuss. (2009)
8. How is the French President elected? Give an objective analysis of the power enjoyed
by the President. (2010)

 SOVIET UNION

9. Examine the principle of Democratic centralism in the Soviet Union. (2001)

10. Examine critically the factors leading to the disintegration of Soviet Union. (2003)
11. What is Supreme Soviet? Discuss its powers and functions. (2009)

 PAKISTAN

1. Eighth Amendment. (2000)

2. Discuss the’ achievements of the Quaid-e-Azam for the establishment of Pakistan.
(2000)
3. Critically examine the Federal provisions of the Constitution of Pakistan. (2001)
4. Discuss evolution of Federalism in Pakistan with reference to its constitutional and
political development from 1956 to date. (2002)
5. Examine the role of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Iqbal in promoting the growth of
Muslim nationalism in India. (2003)
6. Ayub Khan’s 1962 constitution was highly centralized and therefore ultimately
responsible for creating political turmoil in the country. Discuss. (2003)
7. What are the major factors in your opinion responsible for the success of democracy in
India and failure in Pakistan? (2003)
8. Write down variables by which political culture has not developed in Pakistan. (2004)
9. Fourteen points of Quaid e Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah (2005)
10. Discuss the problems presently being faced to the federation of Pakistan? (2006)
11. Make a survey of the role of Judiciary in Pakistan as the Guardian of the Constitution.
(2007)
12. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allam Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah were
forced by historical events to shift from their view of Hindu-Muslim Unity to Muslim
Nationalism. Elaborate (2008)
13. Role played by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in the rise of Muslim Nationalism in the sub-
continent. (2009)
14. Compare and critically examine the following under 1956, 1962, and 1973
(Reinstated in 1985 with amendments) constitutions of Pakistan: (2009)
15. Role of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as a reformer (2010)
16. Explain the factors that transformed Jinnah, the ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity,
into the Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah of the Muslims. (2010)
17. “In spite of the provisions of provincial autonomy in the 1973 constitution there are
Anti-Centre feelings in the federating units.” Discuss this statement with special
reference to Balochistan and Sindh. (2010)

 CHINA
1. Communist Party of China. (2000)
2. Discuss the role of Communist Party in the Chinese politics. (2001)
3. Explain the Commune System of Peoples Republic of China. How it played role in
Socio-economic development of the country? (2002)
4. What are the main characteristics of the Chinese Political System? (2005)
5. Deng’s concept of “one country two systems” in China’s political system has
succeeded in achieving Chinese National objectives. Substantiate your answer. (2007)
6. Discuss the organization and the role of the communist part in the Chinese political
system. (2008)
7. Cadres scheme in Chinese political system. (2009)
8. Discuss the salient features of the constitution of the Peoples Republic of China in
comparison with the constitution of former Soviet Union. (2010)

 IRAN

1. Islamic Revolution in Iran. (2000),(2001)

2. Do you agree that we can present Iran as an Ideal Islamic State of the modern age
(2002)
3. Examine the role of Islamic Consultative Assembly in shaping politics in Iran. (2004)
4. Do you agree that we can present Iran as an ideal Islamic state of the modern age?
(2005)
5. Explain the salient features of Iran's Political system? (2006)
6. Iranian Political System after the removal of the Shah of Iran (2010)

 INDIA

1. The President of India is "merely a figure head". Do you agree? Discuss. (2000)
2. Secularism in India. (2001)
3. Coalitional government has made Indian democracy fragile and crucial. Substantiate.
(2004)
4. The President of India is ‘merely a figure head’. How far do you agree? (2005)
5. Why Indian democracy is stronger than any other country of the region? Explain the
reason. (2006)
6. “The Indian Federation is rightly said to be a quasi-Federation having many elements
of a unitary state.” Discuss. (2007)
7. Explain the salient features of Indian political system. (2008)
8. “India is a Secular state” critically examine and comment. (2009)
9. The role of the President of India (2010)

 TURKY
1. Discuss the role of Army in the Political system of Turkey. (2000)
2. Mustafa Kamal’s political philosophy provides stability and ideological foundations to
the Turkish Political System. Discuss it. (2002)
3. Critically evaluate role of political parties in Turkey. (2004)
4. How secure is the future of democracy both in Iran and Turkey after the 9/11 incident?
(2003)
5. Role of Ataturk in building up modern Turkey (2005)
6. Discuss ideological foundations of Political System of Turkish Republic? (2006)
7. Discuss SIX principles of kamalism as the basis of Turkish political system. (2007)
8. Analyze the role of Mustafa Kamal Ata-Turk as the first President of Turkish Republic
with special reference to "six principles of kamalism" to modernize turkey on western
pattern. (2008)
9. How political parties organize and function in accordance with Turkish constitution?
Also enlist five major parties with names of their founding fathers. (2009)
10. The predominance of the armed forces in the Turkish politics. (2010)

 COMPARE & CONTRAST

1. Examine the role of political parties both in UK and US in formulating public opinion
on major issues in foreign policy making. (2003)
2. Discuss committee system in American congress and point out its demerits. Also
compare it with British committee system. (2009)
3. Comparatively discuss the La\v-making process in the Parliament of Britain and
Congress of United States. (2004)
4. Discuss the characteristics of the American Political Party System. How it differs from
the Britain? (2006)
5. “The Senate of USA is the most powerful upper house in the world.” Do you agree
with the statement? Explain your answer with reference to the upper houses of India and
Pakistan. (2010)