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    Las Costumbres de Los Indios Tagalos de Filipinas Juan de Plasencia

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    Rheanna Jane Sasil
    Juan de Plasencia was a 16th century Franciscan missionary who arrived in the Philippines in 1578. He wrote "Las Costumbres de los Indios Tagalos" to document Tagalog customs and beliefs, and to end injustices against natives by some Spanish officials. The document describes the social hierarchy of datus, nobles, commoners and slaves; systems of government, law, inheritance and marriage; religious practices; superstitions; and economic and daily life in 16th century Philippines. It provides valuable insight into life before Spanish colonization.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Las Costumbres de Los Indios Tagalos de Filipinas Juan de Plasencia

    Uploaded by

    Rheanna Jane Sasil
    350 views29 pages
    Juan de Plasencia was a 16th century Franciscan missionary who arrived in the Philippines in 1578. He wrote "Las Costumbres de los Indios Tagalos" to document Tagalog customs and beliefs, and to end injustices against natives by some Spanish officials. The document describes the social hierarchy of datus, nobles, commoners and slaves; systems of government, law, inheritance and marriage; religious practices; superstitions; and economic and daily life in 16th century Philippines. It provides valuable insight into life before Spanish colonization.

    Original Description:

    Historical background

    Original Title

    historicalbackground-181016234710

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    Juan de Plasencia was a 16th century Franciscan missionary who arrived in the Philippines in 1578. He wrote "Las Costumbres de los Indios Tagalos" to document Tagalog customs and beliefs, and to end injustices against natives by some Spanish officials. The document describes the social hierarchy of datus, nobles, commoners and slaves; systems of government, law, inheritance and marriage; religious practices; superstitions; and economic and daily life in 16th century Philippines. It provides valuable insight into life before Spanish colonization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    350 views29 pages

    Las Costumbres de Los Indios Tagalos de Filipinas Juan de Plasencia

    Uploaded by

    Rheanna Jane Sasil
    Juan de Plasencia was a 16th century Franciscan missionary who arrived in the Philippines in 1578. He wrote "Las Costumbres de los Indios Tagalos" to document Tagalog customs and beliefs, and to end injustices against natives by some Spanish officials. The document describes the social hierarchy of datus, nobles, commoners and slaves; systems of government, law, inheritance and marriage; religious practices; superstitions; and economic and daily life in 16th century Philippines. It provides valuable insight into life before Spanish colonization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 29

    Juan de Plasencia:

    Las Costumbres de los


    Indios Tagalos de Filipinas
    John Rey D. Ravago
    BSED 1- Science A
    Background of the Author
    ✣ Born to the illustrious family of Portocarreros in
    Plasensia in the region of Extremadura, Spain in
    the early 16th century. He was one of the seven
    children of Pedro Portocarrero, a captain of a
    Spanish schooner.
    ✣ Juan de Plasencia grew up during the period
    known as the Siglo de Oro, a Golden Age when
    arts and literature flourished in many parts of
    Spain, among them his native Extremadura.
    ✣ Fray Joan de Puerto Carrero, del convento de
    Villanueva de la Serena. Was his real name.
    ARRIVAL IN THE PHILIPPINES

    ✣ Fray Juan de Plasencia came together with the


    first batch of Franciscan missionaries in
    the Philippines.
    ✣ Arrived at a port in Cavite, a few kilometers south
    of Manila on the 2nd of July 1578.

    4
    Purpose: Relacion de las
    Costumbres and Instruccion

    ✣ To put an end to some injustices being committed


    against the natives by certain government officials.

    5
    “The chronicler, Francis enemies, and so I can hardly express the
    sadness I feel any time the news of such incidents reach my ears
    or I myself am involved; however, if one is to choose between
    enmity and friendship and between peace and war, I believe
    enmity is to be preferred. For considering the kind of persons
    most of the alcaldes mayores are nowadays, nothing indicates that
    friendship with them will help the missions in any way. On the
    contrary, it will destroy them. Because, as I have observed, you
    can hardly find one that is not blinded and moved by greediness,
    thus destroying his own soul as well as the lives and possessions of
    the poor Indians.”

    6
    References

    ✣ OFM ARCHIVES – PHILIPPINES by: Fr. Jose


    "Long" D. Gutay, OFM
    (http://ofmphilarchives.tripod.com/id8.html)
    ✣ The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898 Volume VII,
    1588–1591 (Edited and annotated by Emma Helen
    Blair and James Alexander Robertson with historical
    introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord
    Bourne)

    7
    Historical Background of the
    Document
    Social Classes

    Chieftain
    (Datu)

    Nobles (Maharlika)

    Commoners (Aliping Namamahay)

    Slaves (Aliping Saguiguilir)


    datu

     chief, captain of wars,


    whom governed, obeyed
    and reverenced.

    10
    Nobles or maharlika

     Free-born, they do not


    pay taxes.

    11
    Commoners or aliping namamahay

     They live in their own


    houses and lords of their
    property and gold.

    12
    Slaves or aliping sa guiguilir

     They serve their master


    in his house and his
    cultivated lands and can
    be sold.

    13
    houses

    ✣ Made of
    wood,
    bamboo, and
    nipa palm.

    14
    Mode of Dressing

    Male
     Headgear is called
    Putong (symbolizes the
    number of persons the
    wearer had killed)
     (Upper) a jacket with
    short sleeves called
    kanggan.
     (Lower) bahag

    15
    Mode of Dressing

    Female
     (Upper) Baro or
    Camisa
     (Lower) Saya

    16
    Ornaments

    ✣ A decorative
    object or detail
    that adds quality
    or distinction to a
    person, place or
    thing.

    17
    Government

    ✣ The unit of government is called


    Barangay ruled by a chieftain, and
    consist of 30 to 100 families together
    with their relatives and slaves.

    18
    Administration of Justice

    ✣ The chieftain’s executive function


    includes implementing laws, ensuring
    order and giving protection to his
    subject.
    ✣ Disputes between individuals were
    settled by a court made up of the
    chieftain and council of elders.

    19
    Inheritance

    ✣ The 1st son of the barangay chieftain


    inherits his father’s position; if the 1st
    son dies, the 2nd son succeeds their
    father; in the absence of male heirs, it
    is the eldest daughter that becomes
    the chieftain.

    20
    Slaves

    ✣ A person becomes slave by: (1) by


    captivity in war, (2) by reason of debt,
    (3) by inheritance, (4) by purchase, and
    (5) by committing a crime.
    ✣ Slaves can be emancipated through: (1)
    by forgiveness, (2) by paying debt, (3)
    by condonation, and (4) by bravery
    (where a slave can possibly become a
    Datu) or by marriage.
    21
    Marriage Customs

    ✣ Men were in general, monogamous; while their wives are


    called Asawa.
    ✣ Courtship begins with Paninilbihan.
    ✣ Prior to marriage the man requires to give a dowry: (1) Bigay-
    kaya (a piece of land or gold); (2) Panghihimuyat (a gift for the
    brides parents); (3) Bigay-suso (for brides wet nurse).
    ✣ Marriage between couples belonging to defferent social
    classes were not common.
    ✣ Several grounds of divorce are: (1) Adultery, (2) Abandonment
    on the part of the husband, (3) Cruelty, and (4) Insanity.

    22
    Religious Belief

    ✣ They worship many gods and goddesses:


    (1) bathala, supreme being; (2) Idayanale,
    god of agriculture; (3) Sidarapa, god of
    death; (4) Agni, god of fire; (5) Balangaw,
    god of rainbow; (6) Mandarangan, god of
    war; (7) Lalahon, god of harvest; and (8)
    Siginarugan, god of hell.
    ✣ Also believe in sacred animals and tress.

    23
    Superstitious Beliefs

    ✣ Believe in Aswang, Dwende, Kapre,


    Tikbalang, Patyanak/Tiyanak.
    ✣ They also believe in magical power of
    amulet and charms such as anting-anting,
    kulam and gayuma or love potion.

    24
    Economic Life

    ✣ Agriculture in the plane lands: planting of rice,


    corn, banana, coconut, sugar canes and other kinds
    of vegetable and fruits.
    ✣ Hunting in high lands.
    ✣ Fishing in river banks and sea.
    ✣ Shipbuilding, weaving, poultry, mining and
    lumbering.
    ✣ Domestic trade of different barangays by boat.
    ✣ Foreign trade with countries like Borneo, China,
    Japan, Cambodia, Java, and Thailand.
    25
    26
    Language and System of Writing

    ✣ Major languages: Tagalog, Ilocano, Pangasinan,


    Pangpangan, Sugbuhanon, Hiligaynon,
    Magindanaw and Samarnon this languages is
    originated from the Malayo-Polenisian language.
    ✣ System of writing: the alphabets consisted of 3
    vowels and 14 consonants called Baybayi.
    ✣ They used tap of tress as ink and pointed stick as
    pencil.
    ✣ They wrote on large plant leaves, bark of a tree
    or bamboo tubes.
    27
    28
    References

    ✣ History of the Filipino People (Eighth


    Edition) by Teodoro Agoncillo
    ✣ The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898
    Volume VII, 1588–1591 (Edited and
    annotated by Emma Helen
    Blair and James Alexander
    Robertson with historical introduction
    and additional notes by Edward
    Gaylord Bourne) 29

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