INSTALLING COMPUTER

PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION

Program / Course : Computer Hardware Servicing NC II
Unit of Competency : Install Computer System
Module Title : Installing Computer System
Learning Outcome 1 : Plan and prepare for Installation
Introduction:
This lesson contains information and learning activities on observing OHS policies and
procedures, using and testing of tool/equipment, identifying different types of computer, operating
systems, and identifying types of computer devices.
Assessment Criteria:
1. Installation procedure that conforms with the requirements OHS policies and procedure is followed.
2. Location of necessary devices/systems is determined relating to job requirements.
3. Appropriate tools, equipment and testing devices that conform to OHS are identified.
4. Strict impositions of material specifications are followed.
5. Unavoidable circumstances related to preparatory works are enumerated and given priority.

Resources:

Equipment and Accessories Tools Materials

LAN Card Screwdriver(standard) Software applications
UPS Screwdriver(Philips) Network OS Software
Server Long nose pliers RJ 45
24 port-hub Mechanical pliers UTP Cat 5 cable
Modem Allen wrench Motherboard‟s manual and
Fax machine Multitester installer
PC Video camera Crimping tools Sound device driver installer
USBExternalCD writer Soldering iron (30 watts)
USB scanner Wire stripper
USB printers LAN Tester
USB Flash Drive Anti-static wrist wrap
Device drivers/installers

References:

 Sto. Domingo, Josephine C., Learning Windows XP and Internet the Easy Way Computers - The
Easy Way
 Andres Sr., Antonio M. Introduction of Computer. Fully Illustrated, Valenzuela City; May 2003
World Class Publishing and Packaging
 HASOP (Hardware, Software and Peripherals) Reference Manual, 2005
 Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2005. © 1993-2004 Microsoft Corporation.
 STI Technology Institute Inc.Computer Fundamentals, Makati City:; Copyright 1997
 Marcelo, Antoinette R., Understanding PC Hardware, Philippines: Jemma Inc., 2007

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 INFORMATION SHEET 1
OBSERVING OHS POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Occupational Health and Safety Policy - In the school as Information and communication technology (ICT) student, you should
know how to behave when working in the computer laboratory, as well as implement a safe way of accomplishing every task.
Safety practices should be learned early and always adhered to when working with any electrical and electronic device,
including personal computers and its peripherals. This is for your protection as well as of the people working with you, and also
for the devices that you are using. The basis for this process begins with Occupational Health and Safety Policies.
Personal Safety While Working Along With PC’s
Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be injured or even killed if you don’t follow proper
safety guidelines when working along PC’s. The following are some precautionary measures to take before working with any
computer equipment:
• Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chance of being shocked or seriously injured in an
electrical accident.
• Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.
• Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned on.
• Remove jewelleries when working inside any computer related equipment.
• Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.
Occupational Health and Safety standards
Each student has a responsibility to their colleagues and their organization to report and act upon any potential workplace
hazard.
All student need to be aware of the type of hazards that are possible in their work environment.
Procedure
1. Identify the hazard
2. Clear the area close to the hazard
3. Partition the hazard off or clearly identify the area to protect other people from harm
4. If the hazard is easily and safely cleared, then do so
If not…
5. Report the hazard to the appropriate person, to obtain assistance
6. Following clearing of the hazard fill out the correct documentation to assist in identifying improved practice to reduce further
incidence of hazards.
All hazards must be reported using Accidental Report form. This enables us to track the kinds of hazards we have in our
workplace, and take action where necessary to make it safer for all student and clients.
Hazardous substances
If the workplace hazard appears to be dangerous to staff and clients and professional assistance is required:
A. Call the supervisor or manager and advise them of the problem and the urgency of the matter.
B. Depending on the risk it may be called as an evacuation.
C. Follow the evacuation procedure.
D. The supervisor or manager will call in the fire brigade or specialised personnel who will deal with the spill.

Fire exits
All fire exits should be kept clear of all obstacles. All students have a responsibility to make sure that chairs, empty boxes or any
other type of obstacle are not placed in or near fire exit doorways.
All corridors also need to have equipment stored on one side only to ensure that in the event of an emergency there is a clear
exit.
Fire Safety Procedure
Each work area has a designated fire warden, who in the event of a fire will take charge. They are recognized by the wearing of
a red hard hat.
If you find the fire
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• Assess the danger prior to doing anything.
• If it is safe to move assist anyone in the vicinity of the fire away from danger.
• If it is possible close the door to the fire area.
• Call for assistance. Verbally call FIRE, FIRE, in a loud and clear voice.
• Break the glass section of the fire alert call point.
• Call to the switch; ensure you know where the fire is, any other details that may be of assistance to the fire brigade.
Details could be size of the fire, cause or type of fire, any people hurt or trapped, has anyone tried to put it out.
• If safe to do so, attack the fire with the correct extinguisher or fire hose.
If the designated fire officer is not present, someone quickly needs to take responsibility and:
1. Locate the source of the fire. 3.Locate any people.
2. Remove all people from the building. 4. Once outside do a head count?
5. Notify the authorities

 LAN Card – is a network interface card.

This is a computer circuit board or card
that is installed in a computer so that it
can be connected to a network.

• Server – is a part of a network. It is

a special computer that users on the
network can asses to carry out a
particular job.
 Port hub /Port – is a connector on the
back of a computer or other device. A
port is either a serial port or a parallel
port.

 Modem - (Modulator-Demodulator) The

modem is a device that allows a given
computer to share data or otherwise a
device which let computers exchange
information

 Scanner- it is an input device that read

text or illustration printed on paper,
translates the information into a form
that a computer can use.

 Flat Screw Driver – is used to drive or

fasten negative slotted screws

 Printer - is a piece of hardware that

produces a paper copy (also known as
„hardcopy‟) of the information generated
by the computer.

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RAM – Random Access Memory, is a primary
memory. This memory is used inside the
computer to hold programs and data while it is
running.

 BIOS – Basic Input/Output System, chip

that controls the most basic functions of
the computer and performs a self-test
every time you turn it on.
 Flash drive– RAM that can retain data
without electrical power. It is widely used
for BIOS chips and for digital camera and
digital music storage.

 Video Camera - camera using videotape:

a camera that records onto videotape

 Long nose Pliers – is used for holding,

bending and stretching the lead of
electronics component or connecting
wire.

 Soldering Iron – is used to join two or

more metal conductors with the support
of soldering lead melted around it.

 Desoldering Tool – is used to unsolder

unwanted parts or component in the
circuit with the support of soldering
pencil

• Philips Screw Driver- is used to drive

or
fasten positive slotted screws
• LAN Tester- for RJ11,12,45 & BNC
w/ Remote Unit This ergonomic tester is
designed to test most network cable wiring.
You can either conduct an auto or
manual test.

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 • UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair, is a .
popular type of cable used in computer
networking that consists of two shielded wires
twisted around each

INFORMATION SHEET 2
USING TESTING TOOLS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS
Using Testing Tools and Equipment

The following tools and equipment are classified according to their functions and uses.

Equipment and Accessories Tools Materials

LAN Card Screwdriver(standard) Software applications

UPS Screwdriver(Philips) Network OS Software

Server Long nose pliers RJ 45

24 port-hub Mechanical pliers UTP Cat 5 cable

Modem Allen wrench Motherboard‟s manual and

installer
Fax machine Multitester
Sound device driver installer
PC Video camera Crimping tools

USBExternalCD writer Soldering iron (30 watts)

USB scanner Wire stripper

USB printers LAN Tester

USB Flash Drive Anti-static wrist wrap

Device drivers/installers

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 INFORMATION SHEET 3
IDENTIFY DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER
A computer is one of the most brilliant inventions of mankind. Thanks to the computer technology, we were able to achieve
storage and processing of huge amounts of data; we could rest our brains by employing computer memory capacities for
storage of information. Owing to computers, we have been able speed up daily work, carry out critical transactions and achieve
accuracy and precision in work. Computers of the earlier years were of the size of a large room and were required to consume
huge amounts of electric power. However, with the advancing technology, computers have shrunk to the size of a small watch.
Depending on the processing power and size of computers, they have been classified under various types. Let us look at the
classification of computers.

Different Types of Computers

Based on the operational principle of computers, they are categorized as analog, digital and hybrid computers.
Analog Computers: These are almost extinct today. These are different from a digital computer because an analog
computer can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. It uses continuous variables for mathematical
operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy.

Digital Computers: They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states, namely bits 0 and 1. They are
analogous to states ON and OFF. Data on these computers is represented as a series of 0s and 1s. Digital computers are suitable
for complex computation and have higher processing speeds. They are programmable. Digital computers are either general
purpose computers or special purpose ones. General purpose computers, as their name suggests, are designed for specific
types of data processing while general purpose computers are meant for general use.
Hybrid Computers: These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers. In this type of computers,
the digital segments perform process control by conversion of analog signals to digital ones.
This was the classification of computers based on their style of functioning. Following is a classification of
the different types of computers based on their sizes and processing powers.
Mainframe Computers: Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical applications such as bulk data processing
and ERP. Most of the mainframe computers have the capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate as a number of
virtual machines and can substitute for several small servers.
Microcomputers: A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit it is known as a microcomputer. They
do not occupy space as much as mainframes do. When supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse, microcomputers can be
called personal computers. A monitor, a keyboard and other similar input output devices, computer memory in the form of
RAM and a power supply unit come packaged in a microcomputer. These computers can fit on desks or tables and prove to be
the best choice for single-user tasks.
Personal computers come in different forms such as desktops, laptops and personal digital assistants. Let us look at each
of these types of computers.
Desktops: A desktop is intended to be used on a single location. The spare parts of a desktop computer
are readily available at relatively lower costs. Power consumption is not as critical as that in laptops. Desktops are widely
popular for daily use in the workplace and households.
Laptops: Similar in operation to desktops, laptop computers are miniaturized and optimized for mobile
use. Laptops run on a single battery or an external adapter that charges the computer batteries. They are enabled with an
inbuilt keyboard, touch pad acting as a mouse and a liquid crystal display. Its portability and capacity to operate on battery
power have proven to be of great help to mobile users.

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Netbooks: They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and relatively smaller in size. They had a smaller feature
set and lesser capacities in comparison to regular laptops, at the time they came into the market. But with passing time,
netbooks too began featuring almost everything that notebooks had. By the end of 2008, netbooks had begun to overtake
notebooks in terms of market share and sales.
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop.
It has a touch screen and a memory card for storage of data. PDAs can also be used as portable audio players, web browsers
and smart phones. Most of them can access the Internet by means of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi communication.
Minicomputers: In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers lie in between mainframes and microcomputers.
Minicomputers are also called mid-range systems or workstations. The term began to be popularly used in the 1960s to refer to
relatively smaller third generation computers. They took up the space that would be needed for a refrigerator or two and used
transistor and core memory technologies. The 12-bit PDP-8 minicomputer of the Digital Equipment Corporation was the first
successful minicomputer.
Servers: They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a computer network. They have larger
storage capacities and powerful processors. Running on them are programs that serve client requests and allocate resources
like memory and time to client machines. Usually they are very large in size, as they have large processors and many hard
drives. They are designed to be fail-safe and resistant to crash.
Supercomputers: The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed by means of supercomputers.
Quantum physics, mechanics, weather forecasting, molecular theory are best studied by means of supercomputers. Their ability
of parallel processing and their well-designed memory hierarchy give the supercomputers, large transaction processing powers.
Wearable Computers: A record-setting step in the evolution of computers was the creation of wearable computers.
These computers can be worn on the body and are often used in the study of behaviour modelling and human health. Military
and health professionals have incorporated wearable computers into their daily routine, as a part of such studies. When the
users' hands and sensory organs are engaged in other activities, wearable computers are of great help in tracking human
actions. Wearable computers do not have to be turned on and off and remain in operation without user intervention.
Tablet Computers: Tablets are mobile computers that are very handy to use. They use the touch screen technology.
Tablets come with an onscreen keyboard or use a stylus or a digital pen. Apple's iPod redefined the class of tablet computers.

INFORMATION SHEET 4
TYPES OF COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM
Operating system or OS is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and
operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer would be useless.
Type‟s operating system
GUI - Short for Graphical User Interface, a GUI Operating System contains graphics and icons and is
commonly navigated by using a computer mouse. See the GUI definition for a complete definition. Below
are some examples of GUI Operating Systems.
System 7.x
Windows 98
Windows CE
Multi-user - A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same computer at the
same time and different times. See the multi-user definition for a complete definition for a complete
definition. Below are some examples of multi-user operating systems.
Linux
Unix
Windows 2000
Multiprocessing - An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more than one computer
processor. Below are some examples of multiprocessing operating systems.

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Linux
Unix
Windows 2000
Multitasking - An operating system that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at the
same time. Below are some examples of multitasking operating systems.
Unix
Windows 2000 and Windows multi point
Multithreading - Operating systems that allow different parts of software program to run concurrently.
Operating systems that would fall into this category are:
Linux
Unix
Windows 2000 and Windows 7

INFORMATION SHEET 5
IDENTIPYING TYPES OF INPUT, PROCESSING, OUTPUT AND STORAGE DEVICES

 RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks

 Memory Button - Small storage devices about the size of a dime that look like watch batteries. They hold
about 8 Kbytes of information.

 Smart Card - About the same size as a credit card and contain a small microprocessor capable of storing
data. They hold about 1 to 8 Kbytes of information.

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 Optical Memory Cards - About the same size as a credit card that can store up to 4.1 Mbytes of digitized
text or images using a laser beam.

Five examples of Input Devices

MOUSE - Electronic Device used to transmit data and commands to a computer.

BLUETOOTH ADAPTER - Is a proprietary Open Wireless technology standard for exchanging

data over short distances (using short wavelength radio transmissions) from fixed and mobile
devices, creating Personal Area Networks (PANs) with high levels of security.

CAMERA - Computer camera used for fluid images for user-friendly web
chatting.

GAMING DEVICES - As Computer Gaming gained popularity, many gaming

devices were created to enhance our gaming experience.

KEYBOARD - In computing, a keyboard is typewriter keyboard, which uses an

arrangement of buttons or keys, to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches.
After punch cards and paper tape, interaction via teletype-style keyboards became the
main input device for computers.

Output Devices
Output devices are those devices which are used by computer to display the results.

1. CRT Monitor - The first computer monitors used Cathode ray

tubes (CRTs), which was the dominant technology until they were
replaced by LCD monitors in the 21st Century.

2. A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual

display, video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid
crystals (LCs). LCs do not emit light directly.

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 3. A printer is a peripheral which produces a text and/or graphics of
documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media
such as paper or transparencies.

4. A plotter is a computer printing device for printing vector graphics.

In the past, plotters were widely used in applications such
as computer-aided design, though they have generally been replaced
with wide-format conventional printers.

5. Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers,

are speakers external to a computer that disable the lower fidelity
built-in speaker. They often have a low-power internal amplifier.
The standard audio connection is a 3.5 mm (approximately
1/8 inch) stereo jack plug often color-coded lime green (following
the PC 99 standard) for computer sound cards.

6. Headphones are a pair of small loudspeakers, or less commonly a

single speaker, held close to a user's ears and connected to a signal
source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player or portable Media
Player. They are also known as stereo phones, headsets or,
colloquially, cans.

LEARNING OUTCOME 2
INSTALL EQUIPMENT DEVICES SYSTEM

Program/ Course : Computer Hardware Servicing

Unit of Competency : Install Computer System
Module Title : Installing Computer System
Learning Outcome 2 : Install Equipment Devices and Systems

Introduction:
This lesson contains information and learning activities on using PPE, installing computer systems, using
application packages/programs, using peripherals and multi-media systems, and proper assembling of a
computer unit.

Assessment Criteria:
1. Standard procedures for OHS in installing devices/systems are followed.
2. Operating systems/ devices are installed according to workplace standards.
3. Modification and innovation of devices/systems are done during installation with the consent of
the client.
4. Installation of the devices/systems is carried out in consonance with the unit of specification
5. Unplanned events or conditions are carried out following the unit of specification and procedure.
6. Approval obtained before any contingencies are implemented based on established procedure.
7. Standard testing procedure is strictly followed for the newly installed device/system.

Resources:

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Tools, Materials and Equipment and Facilities
• ICT Laboratory
• Computer Table and Chairs
• Computers
• Printers
• LCD
• Webcam
• Digital Camera
• Installation CDs
• And other Computer Acessories
References:
• Andres Sr., Antonio M. Introduction of Computer. Fully Illustrated,
Valenzuela City;
May 2003 World Class Publishing and Packaging
• Sto. Domingo, Josephine C.,Learning Windows XP and Internet the Easy Way
Computers - The Easy Way
• STI Technology Institute Inc.Computer Fundamentals, Makati City:;
Copyright 1997
• http://www.geeks.com/techtips/2006/techtips-24aug06.htm
• Sawyer, Stackey G./ Williams, Brian K., Using Information Technology, A
Practical
Introduction to Computers and Communications International Ed. MC
Graw-Hill
Higher Education;2000

INFORMATION SHEET I
USING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Personal Protective Equipment - It refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other gear designed
to protect the wearer's body or clothing from injury by electrical hazards, heat, chemicals, and infection,
for job-related occupational safety and health purposes.

PPE can also be used to protect the working environment from pesticide application, pollution or
infection from the worker (for example in a microchip factory).

It is important that students and teachers during their laboratory period should be required to
use personal protective equipment. Some of these are:

 Goggles – A large spectacles, with shields

around the rims, for protecting the eyes from
dust, excessive light, wind, etc.

 Rubber Sole – A special type of shoes used to

prevent electrical shock and for waterproofing
and insulating purposes.

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  Apron – A garment worn over the front of the
body as a protection for one‟s cloth.

 Face Mask- A covering for the face to prevent

the inhaling or absorbing dust and other
chemicals

 Gloves - The covering material with a separate

sheath for each finger used for hand protection.

Anti-Static and Safety Precautions

The little shock you experience while you are walking across a carpeted floor or when you
touched a door knob, table, counter or even another person is a result of static electricity. Static
electricity is the discharge of electricity between two objects with different electrical potential. Humans
can't feel a static shock until it is several thousand volts strong, but it takes less than 30 volts to fry a
sensitive computer component, such as a stick of RAM or a processor.

That's why computer technicians and home computer builders have to guard their computers
against the deadly ravages of static electricity, as well as take steps to avoid injury.

Safety and Anti-Static Rules

 When possible, try to avoid working in carpeted areas. Carpeting greatly increases static buildup
within your body.
 Always use an anti-static wrist strap when working on a computer (except when working on
monitors
 Always disconnect a computer from the AC power and from any powered peripherals while you
are working on it.
 Always grasp a metal part of the computer chassis with your bare hand before you touch
anything inside. Do this even if you are wearing an anti-static wristband.
 Always handle electronic components by a non-conducting (non-metallic) edge. Don't touch the
pins or other connectors.
 Never plug an ATX power supply into AC power unless it is connected either to a computer's
motherboard or to a dummy test load.
 Always use a UL-approved surge protector or an Uninterruptible Power Supply that incorporates
surge and spike protection.
 Never eat, drink, or smoke while working on a computer.


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 INFORMATION SHEET 2
PROPER ASSEMBLING OF COMPUTER PARTS AND PERIPHERALS

Assembling a PC is not nearly as complicated or critical as flying a jetliner or rocketing into the final
frontier. However, it‟s still a process that must be done correctly to insure the high reliability of your
work.

Remainders: Always follow the safety guideline for laboratory works.

Step 1: Get Organized

Gather all of your components and lay them out in an organized sequence. Make sure you have
the tools required generally, you'll need at least a Phillips screwdriver or any standard tools needed for the
activity (depending on your case hardware).

Ensure that you take precautions to prevent electrostatic damage to your PC's components.
Ground yourself before touching any sensitive equipment. Always handle components by their edges.
Avoid touching any contacts or metallic surfaces.

Installing the Motherboard

1. Remove the Side Panel. Before installing the motherboard, or any other component, we obviously
need to open up the case. Most cases have two or three screws holding the side panel on while others just
pop off. When removing screws remember to put them in a safe place so you don't lose them.

2. Take a look inside. Below is a picture of the inside of an average ATX case. Every case has mounts
where you screw the motherboard on. Feel free to find these.

SLIDE PANEL

INSIDE AN ATX COMPUTER CASE

3. Examine the motherboard. Make sure you are grounded using an anti-static wrist strap. When
handling a motherboard or configuring the jumpers place the motherboard on the static bag. Don't sit it
on the carpet.

4. Set the Jumpers. Before you can continue you need to set the jumpers on your motherboard. The best
way to explain this is read your motherboard manual for proper terminology and placement. Look for a
section on setting jumpers. Some motherboards are jumper less while others are not.

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5. Find necessary screw holes. Every motherboard has holes for screws. We have circled the holes to
easily locate them.

SCREW HOLES

6. Align screw holes and mounts. After that is done, simply align the screw holes with the mounts and
insert the screws.

7. Plug in case connectors (system light, power button, and USB, if supported on case.) This step
can be confusing at first. Look for a big block of pins on your motherboard, usually located at the bottom.
Most boards label the pins, and most cases label the connectors. So simply match up the connectors with
the appropriate pins.

CASE CONNECTORS

8. Plug in power connector. Since the actual computer is not plugged in, we can go ahead and plug the
power supply into the motherboard.

POWER
CONNECTORS

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9. Double check steps 4 and 8. Always double check your work to ensure you haven't forgotten
anything.
Installing the Central Processing Unit
1. Put on Anti-Static Wrist Strap. Attach it to your wrist and then ground it to metal on the case. It is
highly recommended so you don't damage any hardware. The slightest shock of static can easily damage
components.
2. Locate the processor socket and lever. Look on your motherboard and you should see a socket
similar to the one in the image below. This is where you will place the processor. Attached is a lever that
locks the processor in place.
Lift the lever so it is vertical. This will prepare you for the next few steps.

3. Locate placement arrow and check processor. Most processors have an arrow or a cut corner. This
simply tells you how and where to insert the processor. Also look on the bottom of the processor to ensure
no pins are bent. If any are bent, contact the company and have them send you a new one.

Note: Alternatively you can use a screwdriver and CAREFULLY bend them back, though this is not
recommended.

PROCESSOR

ARROW OR A CUT

4. Install the processor. First, ensure the lever is lifted up or in the vertical position. There is only one
way the processor can be inserted so never force it in, it should practically fall into place. Line the
placement arrow closest to the lever and drop it in. Slowly lower the lever until its all the way down. The
processor is now installed and locked in place.

PROCESSOR

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 Installing the Heatsink

Locate thermal pad or apply thermal gel. Under the heat sink there should be a thermal pad. Simply
pull away and remove the plastic film.

If there is no thermal pad so you need to apply a thermal gel.

THERMAL GEL

THERMAL PAD

3. Place heat sink on processor. Never tilt heat sink when installing it. This could damage the
processor. Picture A) shows the incorrect way while picture B) shows the correct way to
install the heat sink. CORRECT WAY OF INSTALLING
THE HEATSINK
4.

3. Heat Sink should not touch socket when fully attached.

B

HEATSINK SOCKET

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 1. Attach clip to first plastic tab on socket.

CLIP
5. Line up second clip with tab and attach. Check to ensure the second clip is aligned with the second
plastic tab. Using a flathead screwdriver and without applying pressure to heat sink, push down on the
clip and away so it can move past the tab then slightly push inward to attach.

SECOND CLIP
6. Plug in power lead. The power lead is usually located near the processor. Please refer back to the
motherboard users manual for details on its location. Look for a "Jumper & Connector Guide" section
then look for a free fan connector named "CPU Fan Power" or something similar.

POWER LEAD

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Installing the Random Access Memory (RAM)

1. Locate notches in DIMM slots and RAM. These are essential when lining up RAM to install it. Since
there are different types of RAM, there may be more than one notch. Below are examples of what you
should look for.

RAM

NOTCHES
DIMM SLOTS
2. Line up RAM with DIMM slots. Ram can only be inserted one way so simply line up the notch on the
ram with the notch on the DIMM slot.

RAM
DIMM M
SLOTS M

3. Install the RAM. After lining up the notches, insert the ram vertically into the slot. Firmly press down
on both ends until it snaps into place. You need to give it some muscle but DO NOT forces it in. If it
doesn't go in, pull it out and ensure you aren't putting it in backwards.

Once it snaps in, ensure the levers (on both sides) are locked into place on the ram.

PROPER INSTALLATION OF RAM

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 Installing the Floppy Disk Drive
1. Remove second side panel from case. Using the same steps for removing the first side panel to
remove the second. This will enable you to screw the components in on both sides more securely in place.

2. Remove face plate and insert drive into floppy bay. On the front of cases there are plastic plates.
These just pop out, usually just push it out from the
inside. Slide the 3½ inches floppy drive
FLOPPY BAY into the floppy bay as shown below.

FACE PLATE FLOPPY

DRIVE

1. Screw in the floppy drive. After you slide the drive into the bay, line up the
screw holes and insert the screws on both sides of the case.

SCREW

4. Locate FDD Floppy Disk Drive cable. This is the cable that attaches the motherboard to the Floppy
Drive. The FDD cable looks the same as a regular IDE cable but is smaller in width, has less pin holes,
and has a set of twisted wires on it. It is usually
included with the floppy drive.

5. Hook it up to the motherboard. Locate the FDD connector on the motherboard. It should look similar
to the picture A) below. If you are unsure of its location refer back to the user‟s manual. Using the
opposite side of the FDD cable, connect it to the FDD connector. There is usually only one way to connect
IDE and FDD cables but if you find there are two ways, you must always line up the red wire with Pin#1.

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 FLOPPY DISK CONNECTOR
6. Hook it up to the Floppy Drive. Using the same FDD cable, connect the other end to the back of the
floppy drive. Again, there should only be one way it can go in, but to make sure it is installed properly,
line up the red wire on the FDD cable with Pin #1.

FLOPPY DRIVE
7. Adding power. This is the easiest step. Grab an unused power cable, preferably one with two leads on
it. We recommend this since we can use the second lead for the hard drive in the next lesson. With the
power lead in hand, connect it to the back of the floppy drive. The power lead can only be inserted one
way.

POWER CABLE FOR THE

FLOPPY DRIVE

Installing the Hard Disk

1. Set the Hard Drive Jumper. Open your hard drive user‟s manual to the jumper section and read .

If you only have one hard drive, set the jumper to "Master" or "Single" depending on the brand of hard
drive. If you have two sets, the one you are going to put an operating system on to "Master" and the
second to "Slave."

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2. Insert into Hard Drive bay. In most cases there are open bays below the floppy drive. Slide the hard
drive in.

HARD DRIVE BAY

3. Screw in Hard Drive. As you did with the floppy drive, line up the screw holes and insert screws on
both sides to ensure securely in place.

SCREW

4. Connect IDE Cable to motherboard. Behind the FDD socket or near it is the Primary IDE socket. It
should line up similar to the image below. Once it is lined up, firmly press down and it should slide into
place. Like with all cables, do not force it. If it does not go in the first time, you might have it backwards.

IDE CABLE
IDE CONNECTOR

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5. Connect IDE Cable to Hard Drive. Use the same techniques from step 4 when connecting it to the
hard drive.

HARD DRIVE

IDE CABLE

6. Adding power. On the same power cable you used with the floppy drive, there is a larger 4 pin power
lead. Plug this into the back of the hard drive.

POWER CONNECTOR FOR THE HARD

DISK

Installing the CD ROM Drive

1. Set the Jumper on the CD-ROM. Familiarize your CD-ROM user‟s manual to the jumper section and
read . If you only have one CD-ROM, set the jumper to "Master" or "Single" depending on your brand of
CD-ROM. If you have two, set one to "Master" and the second to "Slave."

2. Attach audio cable. You can either do this step now and string the cable through the bay or wait until
you have the CD-ROM installed. Using the cable shown below, simply connect it to the back of the CD-
ROM drive. I will show you where to plug in the other end in our PCI Section.

AUDIO face
3. Remove CABLE plate and insert CD-ROM into bay. Similar to the floppy drive, pop the face plate off
and slide the drive into the bay as shown below.

FACE PLATE CD ROM

BAY

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4. Screw it in. Once the drive is in the bay, line up the holes and inserts the screws. Do this
for both sides like you did with the hard drive and floppy drive.

SCREWDRIVER

SCREW

5. Connect IDE Cable to motherboard. This step is the same as when installing the IDE cable
for the hard drive except you use a vacant IDE socket similar to the one below.

IDE CABLE

IDE CONNECTOR
MOTHERBOARD

6. Connect IDE Cable to CD-ROM Drive. Use the same techniques you used to install the
hard drive IDE cable when connecting it to the CD-ROM drive.

CD ROM
DRIVE

IDE
CABLE

7. Adding power. Locate an unused 4 pin power lead and plug it into the back of the CD-ROM drive.

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 POWER CONNECTOR FOR THE CD
ROM

Installing the Video Card

1. Remove unnecessary temporary metal plate. Only remove the metal plate from the slot you are
going to use. If you do not remove this, you cannot install your video card .

FACE PLATE

2. Locate AGP Slot on Motherboard. Your AGP Slot should look similar to the one in the image below .

AGP SLOT

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3. Line up and install Video Card in AGP Slot. Line up the video card with the slot and gently press
down on both sides until it slides in place.

AGP SLOT VIDEO CARD

4. Insert screw. There is only one screw needed to secure the video card in place.

SCREW

Installing the Sound Card

1. Remove any unnecessary temporary metal plates. Only remove the metal plates from the slots you
are going to use. If you do not remove these, you cannot install any PCI components.

METAL PLATE FOR THE

SOUND CARD

2. Locate PCI Slots on Motherboard. Your PCI Slots should look similar to the ones in the image below.
PCI SLOT

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3. Line up and install Video Card in AGP Slot. Line up the video card with the slot and gently press
down on both sides until it slides in place.

SOUND CARD

AGP SLOT

4. Insert screw. There is only one screw needed to secure the video card in place.

SCREW

Installing the Chassis Fan

1. Line up holes with fan. On the inside of the case there should be a series of holes similar to the one in
the picture below. Line up the four corner holes with the holes on the fan.

HOLES

2. Insert screws. Once you have lined up the holes, simply insert the screws.

SCREWS

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3. Plug in power lead to motherboard. Familiarize your motherboard manual and look for a "Jumper &
Connector Guide" section. Similar to plugging in the heatsink fan, look for a vacant fan connector named
"System Fan Power" or something similar. Once located, plug it in.

POWER LEAD

Hooking External Parts

1. Just plug it all in. Use the diagram below to see where each plug goes. Some plugs (i.e.
keyboard, mouse, and speaker) are color-coded so match
them up with the correct color on the back of the computer.

2. Plug everything into an outlet. Plug everything into the surge protector such as the
system power cord, monitor power cord, speaker power cord...etc, and then plug the
surge protector into the wall.

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 INFORMATION SHEET 3
INSTALLING COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM

Operating System (OS)

 A software that manages computer resources and provides programmers/users with an interface
used to access those resources.

 is a layer of software which takes care of technical aspects of a computer's operation. It shields
the user of the machine from the low-level details of the machine's operation and provides
frequently needed facilities.

Below is a listing of common operating systems available today, and who developed them.

Operating system Developer Operating system Developer

Corel Linux Corel MS-DOS 5.x Microsoft

Linux Linux Torvalds MS-DOS 6.x Microsoft

MAC OS 8 Apple Windows 2000 Microsoft

MAC OS 9 Apple Windows 2003 Microsoft

MAC OS 10 Apple Windows 95 Microsoft

MAC OS X Apple Windows 98 Microsoft

Mandrake Linux Mandrake Windows CE Microsoft

MS-DOS 1.x Microsoft Windows ME Microsoft

MS-DOS 2.x Microsoft Windows NT Microsoft

MS-DOS 3.x Microsoft Windows Vista Microsoft

MS-DOS 4.x Microsoft Windows XP Microsoft

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Installing Windows 98

Microsoft's Windows 98 SE - CD Installation

What you will require to do this walkthrough is
1. A Windows 98 CD
2. A Computer with CD-ROM access
To start this Windows install. First check that the first boot device in your system BIOS is set to the CD-
ROM Drive.
If you are unsure or don't want to enter the BIOS then just
test the computer by putting the CD-ROM in the drive and
rebooting the computer. This is the recommended way to
install windows.
You will know that your computer will/has booted of CD-ROM
when the following screen appears.
 To begin the Windows 98 install select Option 2 (Boot
from CD-Rom)

 The following screen will appear next. Select Option 1. (Start Windows 98 Setup from CD-ROM)

 Your CD-ROM driver will now install, be patient this may take a few moments.

 Now press Enter to continue, or F3 to exit.

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  Setup will now perform checks on your system, press Enter to continue.

 Next Scandisk will run, let this complete or setup.

 Now setup will copy important files for the install.

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  Setup has now begun; the mouse should now be active. Press Continue to proceed. If you have a
change of mind then presses Exit Setup. If the mouse is not active press "ENTER" on the
keyboard.

 The wizard will now start. Be patient this may take a few moments.

 Now select the directory you wish to install Windows into. By default C:\Windows will be selected.
You can change this, but it is not advised. Click on Next to Continue.

 Setup will now prepare the directory, be patient this may take a moment.

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  Setup now checks disk space.

 Click Typical, as recommended which is the default. So click Next to continue.

 Windows Components to be installed will now be listed. Leave at default and press Next.

 If a Network card has been detected the following will appear. Fill in the details and click next.

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 • Now your country settings select as needed and then press Next.

Windows will now copy files, this will take sometime. Be patient

 After sometime you will be prompted to restart, Windows will do it itself, you can click on Restart
Now to quicken the process.

 The CD-ROM boot menu will appear. Select option 1 (Boot from Hard Disk)

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  Booting for first time screen will appear.

 Now enter your name, company is optional. Click on Next to continue.

 Now the License Agreement. Read and if you agree click on "I accept the Agreement" and click
next. If you select ""I don't accept the Agreement" then setup will end.

 Now input your product key or certificate authenticity code. This is 16 digits and is located on the
back of your CD case or on the Windows 98 Book. If you have an OEM computer then it could be
on the side or back of your computer. Click next to continue.

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  Next click on Finish.

 Setup will now finalize the hardware and install settings.

 Plug and Play Devices.....

 Your computer will prompt to restart....

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  The CD boot menu will appear. Select option 1 (Boot from Hard Disk) and press enter.

 Windows is booting.

 Now select your date/time settings, using the down arrow beside GMT -0800.

 Once selected click on apply and then OK.

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  Windows will continue to setup Windows items.

• The computer will now need to restart again.

 The CD-ROM boot menu will appear. Select Option 1 (Boot from Hard Disk) and press enter.

 Windows will continue to load and update System

Settings.

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 • At long last you have arrived at the desktop.

 If you are lucky you will have no drivers to install, but chances are the next step will be to install
them. Check out device manager for unknown devices, likely items are Network Cards, Sound
Cards, Printers, Scanners, Graphics Cards, Digital Cameras, plus any other item you have.

Windows XP Installation

Software is the component of a computer system which refers to the set of instructions written in a code-
that computers can understand and execute. Another name for this set of instructions is program.

Three Types of Software

1. System Software
2. Application Software
3. Programming Language

System Software. This software tells the CPU what to do, a more common term is Operating System
(OS). The most popular OS in use for PC microcomputer is Microsoft‟s MS DOS. DOS for short is a
collection of various programs that help control your PC. Other operating systems are Microsoft Windows
(from the early Windows 95 and 98 to the current windows Vista, OS 2, MAC OS, Unix, Linux and Apple‟s
OS 9.

Application Software. This is designed and written to perform specific personal, business, or scientific
processing tasks, such as payroll, processing, human resource management, or inventory management.
Common Application software are the following:

 Word Processor – This serves as an electronic typewriter and even more. With word processors,
the user can easily produce quality documents like memos and reports. Popular word processors
include MS Word and Word Perfect.
 Spreadsheets- These are programs that simulate a paper divided into rows and columns, where
values can be placed. These are used for advanced numerical analysis and calculations. Some of
the more common spreadsheet programs are Lotus 1-2-3 and, Ms Excel and Open Calculate.
 Database Programs – These serve to collect a structured collection of data, which can later be
managed and manipulated.
 Presentation Software – These are programs that allow users to create electronic presentation
for reports and other functions.
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  Desktop Publishing Software – This allow the user to create page makeups and do simple
typesetting to produce various materials, such as books pamphlets, reports, and booklets.
Example of DTP software is MS Publisher, and PageMaker.
 Reference Software – These are electronic versions of various references such as encyclopaedia,
almanacs, atlases, dictionaries, thesauri, and the like.
 Graphics Programs – These allow the creation and manipulation of graphics, images, objects,
and pictures. Some of the common graphics programs are CorelDraw, Photoshop, and Computer
Aided Design (CAD)
 Educational Software – These include tutorials and electronic lessons that give students
knowledge or training in a particular subject or skill, such as Math or Science or in gardening or
cooking.
 Computer Games – These are programs that simulate real games or provide entertainment and
adventure to users.
 Network Software – These are programs that make it possible for computers in different areas to
be connected, allowing their users to communicate with each other.
 Language Software – These provide programmers with the necessary tools to write programs and
instructions to computer.
 Programming Software. Programmers use this software for making computer programs.
Programming software is a tool to make software using different programming languages.

Windows XP Installation
This section describes how to install Windows XP to your new hard disk.
Windows XP Minimum requirements
• Pentium 233 Mhz or compatible processor or faster; 300MHZ or faster recommended
• 64MB of RAM minimum; 128MB or more recommended
• 4.3GB hard hard disk space or more
• CD-ROM or DVD-ROM
• Super VGA (800X600) or higher-resolution monitor
• Keyboard and mouse

1. Insert the Windows XP CD-ROM and reboot the computer

-If you see a message about hitting any key to boot the CD, do so now.
-Otherwise, you will see a message about Setup inspecting your system.

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 2. MS-DOS portion of Setup begins
-In the first stage of setup; you will see a series of blue and gray MS-DOS-based screens. In the first
step, you will be asked to press F6 if you need to install any third-party or RAID drivers.

3. Welcome to Setup
-Finally, Setup begins. In this step, you can set up XP, launch the Recovery Console (another, more
complicated system recovery tool), or quit.
-Press ENTER to continue Setup, and it will examine your hard drives and removable disks.

4. Read the license agreement

-Next, you'll have to agree to Microsoft's complex licensing agreement. Among the highlights: You don't
actually own Windows XP and you can only install it on one PC.
No one reads this, I know, but it's probably a good idea to at least check it out.
-Hit F8 to continue.

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5. Choose an installation partition
This crucial step lets you choose where to install XP. On a clean install, you will typically install to the C:
drive, but you might have other ideas, especially if you
plan to dual-boot with 9x. Setup will show you all of
your available disks (in this case, just one) and let you
create and delete partitions as needed. So, for
example, if you have one disk, but would like to create
two partitions, one for XP and one for your data, you
can do that here.

6. Select the file system

If you created a new partition, or wish to change the file system of an existing partition, you can do so in
the next step. NTFS file system is more secure than
FAT.
Regardless of which file system you choose, be sure
to select one of the "quick" format options (the top
two choices), if you do need to format, since these
will work much more quickly than a full format.

7. Optionally format the partition

If you did choose to change or format the file system, this will occur next. First, you'll be asked to verify
the format. If you're installing XP on a system
with more than one partition, especially one
that still holds your data on one of the
partitions, be sure you're formatting the correct
partition.

Hit F to continue, and a yellow progress bar will

indicate the status of the format.
When this is complete, Setup will again
examine your disks, and create a list of files to
copy.

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8. Setup folder copy phase and reboot
Setup will now copy system files to the system/boot partition(s) you just created. This will allow the PC to
boot from the C: drive and continue Setup in GUI mode.
When the file copy is complete, Setup will initialize and save your
XP configuration. It will then reboot your PC.
When the system reboots, you will probably see the "Press any
key to boot from CD" message again. If this happens, do not
press a key: Setup will now boot from your C: drive. In the event
that you cannot prevent the CD-based Setup from reloading,
eject the CD and reboot. Setup will ask for the CD when needed.

9. GUI Setup begins

Once the system reboots, you will be presented with the GUI Setup phase, which is much more attractive
than the DOS-mode phase. As you progress through GUI
Setup, you can read promotional information about XP on the
right side of the screen if you're bored.
Next, your hardware devices are detected. This could take
several minutes.

10. Regional and language Options

In the first interactive portion of GUI Setup, you can choose to customize the regional and language
settings that will be used by XP, as well as the text input
language you'd like. Users in the United States will not
normally need to change anything here.
Click Next to continue.

11. Personalize your software

Now, enter your name and your company.
The name you enter is not the same as your user name,
incidentally, so you should enter your real name here (i.e. Joel L.
Bagasol or whatever).
Click Next to continue.

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12. Enter your product key
Now you must enter the 25-character product key that is located on the orange sticker found on the back
of the CD holder that came with Windows XP. You cannot
install XP without a valid product key.
Later on, you will be asked to activate and optionally register
your copy of Windows XP. A product key can be used to
install XP on only one PC.
Click Next to continue.

13. Enter a computer name and administrator password

In the next phase of Setup, you can create a name for your computer (which is used to identify it on a
network) and, optionally in Pro Edition only, a password for
the system Administrator, the person who controls the PC
(this will generally be you, of course).

14. Supply your date and time settings

Next, you can supply the date and time, which are auto-set based on information in your BIOS, and the
time zone, which is irritatingly set to PST, which is where
Microsoft is. Change these as appropriate.
Click Next to continue.

15. Network setup

If you have a networking card or modem, Setup now installs the networking components, which include
the client for Microsoft networks, File and Print Sharing, the Quality of Service (QoS) Packet Scheduler,
and the TCP/IP networking protocol by default.

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16a. Choose networking settings
In this phase, you can choose to keep the default settings (recommended) or enter custom settings.
Note that XP doesn't include the legacy NetBEUI protocol out
of the box. If you want to use this protocol, you will need to
install it later from the XP CD-ROM.
Click Next to continue.

Windows XP Professional only:

16b. Enter workgroup or domain information
In Windows XP Professional only, you will be able to select a workgroup or domain name next. Home
Edition doesn't work with Windows domains, however,
and Setup will automatically supply the workgroup
name MSHOME, which you can change later. The
default workgroup name in XP Pro is, imaginatively,
WORKGROUP. Click Next to continue.

17. Setup completion

from this point on, Setup will continue to completion without any further need for interaction. Setup will
now copy files, complete installation, install your Start
Menu items, register system components, save
settings, remove any temporary files needed by Setup,
and then reboot.
Again, you will probably see the "Press any key to boot
from CD" message on reboot. If this happens, do not
press a key, and your new XP install will boot up. You
can remove the XP Setup CD now.

18. First boot

you‟ll be greeted by the XP splash screen on first boot (this actually appears briefly when you rebooted
into GUI Setup as well).
The splash screens for XP Pro and Home are subtly
different

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19. Change display settings
Users with CRT monitors and some LCDs (such as laptops and flat panel displays) will see a Display
Settings dialog appear, which asks whether you'd like XP to
automatically set the resolution. This will generally change
the resolution from 800 x 600 to 1024 x 768 on a CRT
monitor, or to the native resolution of an LCD display.
Click OK and let XP change the resolution. Then, accept the
settings if the screen display changes and can be read. If
you can't see the display, it will time out after 30 seconds
and return to the sub-optimal 800 x 600 resolution.
Click OK to accept the screen resolution change.

20. Welcome to Microsoft Windows

Now, you are presented with XP's "Out of Box Experience," or OOBE, which presents a silly wizard to
guide you through the final set up of your PC.
Click Next to continue.

21. Network setup

In the opening OOBE phase, you are asked to set up your network/Internet connection, which is required
for activation and registration. If you selected the default networking configuration during Setup and
know it will work (because you're connected directly to a cable
modem, perhaps, or are on a local area network), then select Yes
(the default). Otherwise, you can select No and then Skip.
We'll assume that your network is up and running and select Yes.
Click Next to continue.

22. Optionally activate and register Windows

If you selected Yes in the previous step, you are asked if you'd like to activate Windows XP. This will tie
your copy of XP to the current PC semi-permanently.
Activation requires a connection to the Internet, but you
can perform this step later if you want (and don't worry,
XP will annoyingly remind you of this fact every time you
boot the machine until you do so).

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23. Set up users
now, you can set up the user names of the people who will be using the PC. You will want at least one
user (for you), since you shouldn't be logging on as Administrator. Curiously, each user you do create
here has administrative privileges, however, and no
password. You should set up your users correctly with
passwords as soon as possible.
This phase lets you create up to five users. You can create
more later, or manage users, using the User Accounts tool
in Control Panel.

Click Finish when done creating users. At this point, OOBE

ends and you're reading to go. Click Finish again.

24. Logon to Windows XP for the first time

Click your name, that account will logon and you'll be presented with the XP desktop. After you create
passwords, however, you'll be asked to enter a password before
you can logon.

INFORMATION 4 – 6
APPLICATION MULTIMEDIA AND PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Device Drivers

Now that you have an operating system installed, you’ll need to install drivers for your devices such as Video Cards,
Network Interface Cards, Sound Cards, etc. In many cases, if Windows recognizes the device, drivers will be installed
automatically. In some cases, generic drivers are installed and they will work fine.

Drivers are small software programs that help the operating system use or “drive” the device. Whenever a device
doesn’t work properly, ask if the proper driver has been installed.

Driver Installation Example: Monitor Driver

Installing the proper monitor information files is one of the small things that purchasing a fully assembled PC

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Default Monitor Driver

In the Control Panel, select.System to open the System Properties dialog box Then select “Device Manager” to get a
list of hardware in the PC. Finally, click “Monitor,” and you’ll see that a generic monitor is listed.

Installing a Sound Card Drivers

Once the sound card is installed, start the system and let the windows Plug and Play install the sound card’s drivers. After
your driver is installed, make a quick trip to Device Manager to make sure that the driver was installed correctly. . The
Printer Install Wizard is perfectly installed

Installing Other Drivers

Proceed similarly to install drivers for your other devices, such as a sound card if you have one. Whenever a device
doesn’t seem to be working properly, ask if you’ve installed the proper device driver or if it’s been done automatically. Looking
for the device under Device Manager in Windows is a good way to see if the device driver is installed. As you can see in the
figure below a question mark by Ethernet Controller in Device Manager shows that network drivers aren’t yet installed.

System Properties

If your main board has built-in sound or networking, a CD that contains drivers probably came with the main board.
Place the CD into the CD drive and let Windows XP search for the appropriate driver.
Other common drivers are LAN (Local Area Networking) driver, CD media driver, expansion cards, keyboards, printers,
USB devices and others.

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Installation of Peripherals

Note: If your computer doesn’t have an operating system installed yet, you will want to stop after you install your
mouse and keyboard, install your operating system, and then resume the installation of your peripherals

Installing the Keyboard

1. Read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions

2. Determine if the keyboard uses a PS/2 or USB connector. The PS/2 connector for keyboards is round and
typically colored purple, while the USB is flat and rectangular in shape.

PS/S CONNECTOR USB CONNECTOR

3. Installing the keyboard by plugging it into the chosen port.

Note: Do not install your keyboard while your Computer is powered on and do not unplug your keyboard
while your computer is running.

Installing the Mouse

Installing a mouse is very similar to installing a keyboard. You will still find mice with either USB or PS/2 connectivity,
although most of the newer mice will use a USB connection, especially if you are using a mouse for gaming. Just like the
keyboard, you can also use an adapter to change a USB connection to PS/2. If you are going to have a lot of USB peripherals,
you may want to consider using adapters for your mouse and keyboard or perhaps using a USB hub for some of your
peripherals. To complete the installation, simply plug the mouse into the proper port.
Installing the Monitor
Installing a monitor (also known as a “display”) requires
1. Provide a free power outlet for A/C power.
2. Identifying the connection type you will use to connect the monitor to your graphics card
3. For the best picture quality possible, use the digital DVI port on your graphics card and display if they are
available. Most graphics cards now support multiple monitors and they typically include the adapters required to
change a DVI connection to VGA for older displays.
4. Once you have the display plugged in, simply connect it to the appropriate connector on your video card and you
are ready to go. Drivers are not typically required for displays. but once again consult the manufacturer’s
instructions for details.
Installing the Speakers
1. Determine the type of speakers you are using. Perform a simple set of 2.0 or 2.1 speakers.
2. Connect the audio cable to the “line-out” jack of your computer’s sound card, and connect the other end(s) to
the speaker unless they are already “hard-wired”
3. Plug in the power cord.
4. If you are using a full 5.1 or 7.1 surround sound system, the connections get a bit more complicated.
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 5. Read the instructions that came with the speakers and sound card for full details on this step. You can also find
USB-powered speakers that have their own sound card built in and need only be connected to power.

Installing a Webcam
Most webcams are USB-powered and simply require that you plug them in and install their drivers. However, some
cams require that the drivers be installed first, so be sure to read the instructions that came with your webcam to avoid any
problems. If you bought a FireWire (a form of connection that is often faster than USB connections) webcam, ensure that your
computer has a FireWire port because they are not yet all that common.

Installing the Printer

1. Make sure that you have an appropriate printer cable and, if necessary, a separate power cable.
2. Turn off your PC and install the USB or parallel cable between the printer and the PC.
3. Insert the ink cartridge or toner cartridge.
4. Plug in the printer and turn it on.
5. Reboot you PC.
6. Wait for Windows to see the new printer hardware and start the Printer Install Wizard.
7. If you have an Installation CD, cancel the Printer Install Wizard and allow it to auto play. Follow the instructions
to install the printer driver.
8. After the printer has been installed, run a test print to verify that the printer is working properly.

Installing a Scanner
Installing a scanner is almost identical to installing your printer. Again, you will simply need to install the drivers and then
plug the USB cable in

INFORMATION SHEET 1
FOLLOWING TESTING PROCEDURE
Testing Procedures

 Deciding When to Test the System. Identify computer symptoms and defects
 Preparing to Test the System. It is recommended that you should not plug your computer and monitor directly to a
wall outlet. Rather, you should purchase a UPS (uninterruptible power supply). The UPS serves as a surge protector to
prevent your system from being damaged if a power spike is
delivered to it and when power will fail unexpectedly. The UPS
gives you time to save your work and properly shut down your
system. If a system is turned off and back on rapidly, it’s probably
not good for the system. A very short power drop could mimic
this effect and could be hard on both the computer and the
monitor. A UPS prevents this.

Plugging in the power cord to the back of the case

 Powering Up the System for the First Time. Examining the back of the PC case, we see that there is a switch with two
positions, 0 and 1. Zero often means off, and one often means on in the computer world. We turn the switch from 0
to 1 and push the power button again
 Adjusting BIOS Settings. To enter BIOS setup, a key, such as delete, is usually pressed when the system first starts up.
Consult your main board manual if you want to learn more about BIOS setup.

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  Replacing the Side of the Case and Bezel . Now that your system is tested and we’ve visually seen that the CPU fan is
spinning properly, we can shut down the system and replace the side of the case.

Replacing the side of the case

This case side must be pushed toward the back of the case to engage lugs on the case. Before closing the
case, be sure no wires or cables are near the edges where they might get pinched.

Screwing in the side of the case

Some cheaper cases have poorly tapped threads for the screws, so use only minimal force to tighten the cover screws.

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 Closing the bezel
Here the lip of the bezel hits the CD-RW drive and we need to gently lift up the CD drive to close the bezel. Don’t just
slam the bezel to close it. Close it gently to be sure nothing interferes with it closing.

It also saves wear and tear if you depress the front cover latch as you close it.. Tilt the front of the case upward to get a
good grip on the latch.

Back of the side panel

If you have difficulty replacing the side of your case, examine it carefully to see how the lugs engage the rest of the case.

INFORMATION SHEET 2
USING DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE

Diagnostic Software
The purpose of diagnostic software is simple: to test drives and diagnose potential problems.
These programs usually come with retail drives on a floppy disk, or can be downloaded from the
manufacturer‟s web site. In some cases a single program will function for any of the
manufacturer‟s drives, but in other cases a different program is needed depending on the drive
model.
If you suspect a problem with your hard disk, you should always run a diagnostic program to
check the status of the drive.

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The following are the common diagnostic software.
•Power-On Self-Test (POST): It is built into system BIOS and it runs every time you start up your
PC
automatically. It is often the best indicator of system problems.
•MEM.EXE: This simple utility, built into recent versions of DOS and also Windows 95, provides
with
details about memory configuration, as well as what is currently using memory.
•Microsoft Diagnostics: Better known as “MSD.EXE”, this is a small DOS utility that takes a brief
inventory of the contents of a PC and shows them a text-based format. This is very useful for
seeing what disks are in the system, how much memory is installed, and also for checking system
resource usage such as LPT ports and IRQs. It will show what type of BIOS is using and also
what UART chip have in the serial ports.
•The Windows 95 Device Manager: This is the most useful tool for identifying system
configuration
and resource usage information under Windows 95.
•Norton System Information: This utility is similar to the Microsoft Diagnostics; SI shows a great
deal
of information about what is in the PC. This program is part of Symantec‟s Norton Utilities.
•Microsoft ScanDisk and Norton Disk Doctor: These programs are used to check for hard disk
problems. This includes file system corruption and hard disk read errors. They should be used
when hard disk problems are suspected.
•Norton Diagnostics: It includes tests of the processor and motherboard and system memory,
and will identify some types of resource conflicts.

Identifying Computer Symptoms and Diagnosis

No matter how well built your PC is, and how well written its software, something is eventually
going to go wrong.
Many times, computers will get slow for seemingly no reason at all. Devices often malfunction and
system problems can arise out of nowhere. For people who rely on their computer for business or
personal use, these computer errors can be frustrating and problematic.
One of the most important aspects of using a PC is taking care of it. Maintenance involves
keeping your hard disk in optimum working condition, checking for errors, and backing up important
files. Maintenance tasks also include adding new hardware to your system and updating the files that
control your hardware (called drivers).
Common Error Messages
As you work on your computer, there are error messages that come up. The machine at times
tries to tell you where the problem is. These messages are like detective clues for the Help Desk.
Common Problems
1. My monitor is blacked out
2. I don‟t have any sound.
3. My machine is stuck and wont do anything

Checking of Peripherals

Keyboards
• If our machine, when booting, gives off a constant beeping noise, it is telling that your computer
keyboard is not connected or not working.
• If there is no response, check the indicator light on the keyboard.
• Is there a key stuck? Gently pry off the cover and clean it with alcohol. Make sure it is not
connected to your machine when you are cleaning it.

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Mouse
• If your mouse starts acting erratic, it could be an insufficient memory problem.
• If your mouse will only move one way, either vertically or horizontally, your mouse may need
cleaning. Shut down your machine and unplug your mouse from the computer.
• Optical mouse need cleaning of its bottom every now and then too.

Printer
• Verify that the printer is working correctly by running a test print.
• Unplug the printer cable from the back of the PC and try to print the printer
• Reattach the printer and run another test print,
• Turn off the printer and try to print to it.
• When error messages appear? Turn the printer back on and run a test print
• Turn off the printer and remove the ink or toner cartridge. Turn the printer back on. Do any error
messages appear? Try printing to the printer. Do any error messages show up them?
• Reinstall the ink or toner cartridge and run a test print. Remove all of the paper from your printer
and then try to print it. What error messages appear now?
A Dead PC
• First check the cable
• Check the wall outlet
• Turn the system off and wait for a few seconds and then try again.
• Reach behind the machine and see if you feel air blowing out of the power supply.
• Look at the keyboard for the indicator lights being lit up as the machine boots.
• Sometimes the monitor has something to do with the system acting up. Unplug the power cord
from the monitor and the wall and re plug it.
• Listen to identify a beeping series if there is one.

Performing Cable Troubleshooting

Cable Troubleshooting

Knowing simple troubleshooting techniques may help you correct some situations and continue working. The main
factors to keep in mind when troubleshooting are: do not panic, take a common sense approach, and work from general to
specific when addressing the problem.
A series of troubleshooting tips are listed below.
Hardware
Make sure that the power cable is plugged in.
Some computer systems have several power cables, often one for each component. Check each one and make sure
that the plug is completely plugged in.

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Be sure that all cables are connected.
Computer systems usually have several cables associated with them that are used to connect the peripherals to the
main system. Check both ends of the cables and make sure they are plugged in securely and plugged into the correct location.
See to it that all components are switched on.
Most systems have components and peripherals attached to them and quite often each one has its own power
switch. All components must be switched on if communication is to be established between them.
The keyboard and mouse cables are snugly connected to their ports.
The keyboard and mouse are moved every time the computer is used they can work themselves loose over time.
Check their connections.
Watch out for power outages or electrical storms.
Power outages and lightning strikes can damage your system. If lightning has damaged your system, you very likely
have a serious problem with some component in the system. This is a good time to ask for assistance from someone who deals
with these types of problems on a regular basis. A UPS (uninterruptible power supply) should prevent any damage from power
outages and will also provide some protection from lightning. But remember, nothing stops a direct lightning hit. The best
protection is to completely unplug the system from electrical outlets and unplug the modem connection.

Check if the network is operating and that the phone line is valid.
If your computer is not communicating, check the phone line or network cable for a good connection. If you have a
dialup connection, pick up the phone and listen for a dial tone. If you are connected to a network, contact your network
administrator.
Shutdown the system down and restart.
One of the great (and often frustrating) properties about computers is that in many cases just turning the system off,
waiting a minute and then turning it back on will correct the problem.
Ask for assistance.
Your computer system is a significant investment and an important tool. Do not let your pride keep you from asking
for help when you need it.
If you are not sure ask!

INFORMATION SHEET 3
INSTALLING DEVICE DRIVER

General driver tips

Below are some general insights to help prevent any additional frustration that may be encountered while
installing drivers.
Drivers on CD or floppy diskettes:
Almost all computer and hardware manufacturers include a group of drivers for different hardware
devices and often for each of the supported versions of Windows. For example, the driver CD you receive
with your printer likely contains the drivers for dozens of different printers. Not just the printer you
purchased, which means when installing the drivers make sure you're installing the drivers for your
printer, not another printer model and that you're installing it for the version of Windows you're running
on your computer.

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Below is an example of how a file structure may look on your disk.
CD Example:
-PrinterA100
--Win9x
--Win2k
--WinXP
-PrinterA200
--Win9x
--Win2k
--WinXP
-PrinterB100
--Win9x
--Win2k
--WinXP

If for example you had a PrinterA200 and were using Windows XP you would find your drivers in the
PrinterA200\WinXP directory.
Downloading drivers:
Almost all drivers you download are going to be a single file if the file is not an executable file it is almost
definitely a compressed file that contains all the driver files. In order to install the driver you will first
need to uncompressed the file.
When extracting / uncompressing the drivers make sure to remember where you place the folder
containing the drivers as you will need to point Windows to this folder when installing the drivers. We
usually recommend users install the driver files in a folder on their desktop as it's an easy place to
remember and locate.
Finally, the single file or the files extracted from the compressed file can be deleted after you have finished
installing the drivers.

Executable
Many computer and hardware manufacturers today are pre-packaging their drivers into executable files
or have the drivers installed through the setup file, which means double-clicking the setup file or the file
you download should install the drivers to the computer for you.
Note: Many developers may package their drivers in a compressed file, which means before looking for the
setup file you may need to uncompress the downloaded file. Information about doing this was explained
above. If after uncompressing the file it still does not contain an executable file, setup file, or does not
install your hardware device continue with the below recommendations.
Finally, if you were successful in installing your drivers make sure to reboot the computer after the
drivers have been installed.

Using the have disk option

Often computer manufacturers and hardware manufacturers will also place the drivers on the CD,
diskette, or download for Windows to find and use during its hardware detection. Below are steps on how
to install drivers for a new device and upgrade a devices driver for this setup.
Installing a new device
Upgrading drivers for pre-existing device
Installing a new device
1. Open Windows Device Manager.
2. In the Device Manager make sure the device you're attempting to install is not already listed from
past install attempts. If the device is found highlight it and remove it from Device Manager to prevent any
conflicts during the install.
3. Once Device Manager looks ok reboot the computer.

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4. As the computer is rebooting an install new hardware wizard should appear if Windows detects
the new hardware using this wizard you should be able to point Windows to the folder containing your
drivers either on the CD, diskette, or the folder containing the files you downloaded.
If Windows does not detect any new hardware open Control Panel and double-click the Add hardware icon
to run the hardware detection wizard. During the steps you will have an option to tell Windows you have
a disk containing the drivers for your new hardware device, at this point Windows to the directory
containing the drivers for your device.
Once drivers have been installed reboot.

Upgrading drivers for pre-existing device

1. Open Windows Device Manager.
2. In the Device Manager locate the device you wish to update the drivers for.
3. Right-click the device and click Properties.
4. In the Properties window click the Driver tab.
5. Click the Update Driver button.
6. In the Hardware Update Wizard point Windows to the location of the updated drivers on your
hard disk drive
Once drivers have been installed reboot.
Install through the .inf file
Finally, if the above recommendations do not work the installation instructions for drivers and hardware
devices are always contained in a .inf file that is located within the drivers.
Locate the .inf for your version of Windows, right-click that file and choose the option for install. Note this
is a very raw form of installing a drivers and it is important that you make sure you're installing the
correct .inf file and not a .inf file for another device or for a different version of Windows. Additional
information and tips about locating the drivers was explained earlier in the general driver tips section.
Once you have right-clicked and installed the driver, reboot the computer.
One of the above three recommendations should have installed / updated the drivers successfully onto
the computer. If you're still having difficulties getting the device to install it's possible you're not
encountering a hardware issue and not an issue with the drivers. Refer to the troubleshooting steps for
your hardware device for additional help and information.

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