Excel Review Center ECE Coaching Course Math Take Home 1

Find the convolution  g  f  t  of f  t   tu  t  and that there will be a seat available for every person Find the value of c such that the circles x2 + y2 +
who shows up for the flight? 2x + 2y + 1 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y + c = 0
g  t   sin t  u  t  Answer: 0 touch each other.
Answer:  g  f  t   t  sin t Answer: 1
Workers in a factory incur accidents at the rate of
two accidents per week. Calculate the probability The integrating factor of the differential equation
Find the convolution of the Laplace transform of that there will be at most two accidents, (a) x 1  y 2  dy  y 1  x 2  dx  0 .
f  t   tu  t  and g  t   sin t  u  t  ? during 1 week, (b) during 2 weeks, (c) in each of
Answer: 1/s2 – 1/(s2 + 1) 2 weeks. Answer: 1/xy
Answer: (a) 0.677, (b) 0.238, (c) 0.458
In solving any problem, odds against A are 4 to 3
Find the convolution of e2t u  t  and e  t u  t  . and odds in favor of B in solving the same
How many children should a family have so that
Answer: e t  e2t with probability 0.95 it has at least a boy and at problem are 7 to 5. The probability that the
least a girl? problem will be solved is
Answer: 6 Answer: 16/21
Find the convolution of e t u  t  and tu  t  .
Answer:  t  1  e t Suppose that the duration in minutes of long Determine the area enclosed by the curve x2 –
distance telephone conversation follows an 10x + 4y + y2 = 196.
Determine the poles and zeros of the system, Answer: 225
1 x
whose transfer function is given by exponential density function f  x   e 5 for x >
5 Calculate the area bounded by x = –y2 + 9 and
30  s  6 
H s  . 0. Find the probability that the duration of a 1
s  s 2  4s  13 conversation; x  y 2  6y  9 .
2
Answer: Zero: s = 6, Poles: s = 0, –2 + 3i, –2–3i a. Will exceed 5 minutes;
Answer: 128
b. Will be between 5 and 6 minutes;
A die is thrown as long as necessary for an ace or c. Will be less than 3 minutes;
The three vectors (1, 1, –1, 1), (1, –1, 2, –1) and
a 6 to turn up. Given that no ace turned up at the d. Will be less than 6 minutes given that it was
(3, 1, 0, 1) are
first two throws, what is the probability that at greater than 3 minutes. 92
Answer: Linearly dependent
least three throws will be necessary? Answer: a. 0.368, b. 0.248, c. 0.451, d. 0.451
Answer: 16/25 Find the second order Taylor expansion of
In a lottery that sells 3,000 tickets the first lot
wins $1,000, the second $500 and five other lots  
Two athletic teams A and B play a series of f  x, y   sin  x 2  1 y  about the point  0,  .
independent games until one of them wins 4 that come next wins $100 each. What is the  2
games. The probability of each team winning in expected gain of a man who pays 1 dollar to buy Answer: f(x,y) = 1 – (y –  /2)2
each game equals to 1/2. Find the probability that a ticket?
the series will end, (a) in at most 6 games, (b) in 6 Answer: –1/3 Find the eigenvectors of the matrix
games given that team A won the first two games.  8 6 2 
A die is thrown until the result “ace or even
Answer: (a) 11/16, (b) 1/4
number” appears three times. Find the expected A   6 7 4  using   15
number of throws (a) in one performance of  2 4 3 
At the college entrance examination each
candidate is admitted or rejected according to throws, (b) in ten repetitions.
Answer: (a) 9/2, (b) 45 2
whether he has passed or failed the test. Of the Answer:  2
candidates who are really capable, 80% pass the
test; and of the incapable, 25% pass the test. The height of men is normally distributed with  1 
Given that 40% of the candidates are really mean   167 cm and standard deviation   3
capable, find the proportion of capable college cm. What is the percentage of the population of A man takes a step forward with probability 0.4
students. men that have height (a) greater than 167 cm, (b) and backward with probability 0.6. Find the
Answer: 68% greater than 170 cm, (c) between 161 cm and 173 probability that at the end of 11 steps, he is just
cm? In a random sample of four men what is the one step away from the starting point.
Three players P1, P2 and P3 throw a die in that probability that (d) all will have height greater Answer: 0.3679
order and, by the rules of the game, the first one than 170 cm, (e) two will have height smaller
to obtain an ace will be the winner. Find their than the mean (and two bigger than the mean)? 9 3 1 0
probabilities of winning. Answer: (a) 50%, (b) 16%, (c) 95.45%, (d) 3 0 1 6 
Answer: 36/91, 30/91, 25/91 0.07%, (e) 37.5% Find the rank of the matrix 
1 1 1 1
The Pap test makes a correct diagnosis with A machine produces bolts the length of which (in  
0 6 1 9
probability of 95%. Given that the test is positive centimeters) obeys a normal probability law with
Answer: 4
for a lady, what is the probability that she really mean 5 and standard deviation 0.2. A bolt is
has the disease? Assume that one in every 2,000 called defective if its length falls outside the
women, on average, has the disease. interval (4.8, 5.2).  sin 3 x
Evaluate the integral of  dx
Answer: 19/2018 a. What is the proportion of defective bolts that  x
this machine produces? Answer: 3  /4
What is the conditional probability that a hand at b. What is the probability that among ten bolts
poker consists of spades, given that it consists of none will be defective? Given the ellipse 9x2 + 4y2 – 54x – 56y + 241 =
black cards? Answer: a. 0.32, b. 0.0211 0. Find its vertices.
Answer: 9/460 Answer: (3, 10) and (3, 4)
Wronskian of f  x   x 2 sin x and g  x   x 2 cos x
A machine normally makes items of which 4% sin mx  sin nx
Answer: –x4 lim , where m  n is equal to
are defective. Every hour the producer draws a x 0 x
sample of size 10 for inspection. If the sample
The angle between 2i + j – 3k and 3i – 2j – k. Answer: m – n
contains no defective items he does not stop the
Answer: 60o
machine. What is the probability that the machine
Given A = {1, {4}, {2}, 3, 4, 5}, B = {{{1, 4, 5,
will not be stopped when it has started producing
Find the equation of the straight line which passes 3, 1}}}, C = {1, {3}, 2, 1}, D = {1, 1, 3}, E = {1,
items of which 10% are defective?
through the intersection of the straight line 2x – 4, {5}, {3}}, F = {1, 8, {1, 2, 3, 4}}. Calculate
Answer: 0.349
3y +4 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and is the set (a) B  F , (b) C   D  F 
perpendicular to the straight line 6x – 7y + 8 = 0.
One per thousand of a population is subject to Answer: (a)  , (b) 1, 2, 3
Answer: 119x + 102y + 205 = 0
certain kinds of accident each year. Given that an
insurance company has insured 5,000 persons
from the population, find the probability that at  3x 2  2x  Find the equation of tangent to 16x2 + 9y2 = 144
 : whenx  0 at (x1, y1) where x1 = 2 and y1 > 0.
most 2 persons will incur this accident. If f (x)   x  , what must be
Answer: 0.104  k : whenx  0  2x 5
  Answer:  y 1
9 12
A certain airline company, having observed that the value of k in order for f(x) to be a continuous
5% of the persons making reservations on a flight function?
Find the equation of the circle whose center lies
do not show up for the flight, sells 100 seats on a Answer: 2
on the line x – 4y = 1 and which passes through
plane that has 95 seats. What is the probability the points (3,7) and (5,5).
Answer: x2 + y2 + 6x + 2y – 90 = 0
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Excel Review Center ECE Coaching Course Math Take Home 1
Find the term independent of x in the expansion likely to be selected). Find the probability that For what real values of  is y  cos t a solution
1
12 Seat 15 was selected given that Row 20 was
 to the equation y '' 9y  0 ?
of  x   . selected.
 x Answer: 1/30 Answer: 3
Answer: 924
The first Newton approximation x1 for a zero f(x) If the mean and variance of binomial variate are
If 5 times the 5th term of an A.P. is equal to the 10 = x3 – 2x with initial approximation x0 = 2. 12 and 4, then the probabilities of the distribution
times the 10th term, find the 15th term of the A.P. Answer: 8/5 are given by the terms in the expansion of
Answer: 0 Answer: (1/3 + 2/3)18
The remainder of 534 when divided by 17 is
Find an estimate of the standard deviation. Answer: 8 If coversine θ is 0.134, find the value of θ.
Income (1000’s Frequency Answer: 60o
Pounds) Find the remainder on dividing 320 by 7
10  i  15 9 Answer: 2 Find the area of a regular pentagon whose side is
15  i  20 16 25 m and apothem is 17.2 m.
Refer to the data set below, the number of patient Answer: 1075 m2
20  i  25 22
visits per week at a chiropractor’s office over a
25  i  30 8 A trough of water is 8 meters deep and its ends
ten-week period. Number of patients per week
30  i  35 5 (75 86 87 90 94 102 105 109 110 120) are in the shape of isosceles triangles whose
Answer: 5617 Calculate the (a) first quartile, (b) third quartile, width is 5 meters and height is 2 meters. If water
(c) interquartile range (IQR) of the data. is being pumped in at a constant rate of 6
Find the square root of 12 – 6i. Answer: (a) 87, (b) 109, (c) 22 m3/sec. At what rate is the height of the water
Answer: –3.856 + 0.842i changing when the water has a height of 120 cm?
What is the area in sq. m of the zone of a Answer: 0.25 m/s
Find a unit vector normal to the plane of vectors spherical segment having a volume of 1470.265
A = 3i – 2j + 4k and B = i + j – 2k. cu. m if the diameter of the sphere is 30 m? For the plane curve y = 4x3/2, find the curvature
2j  k Answer: 565.5 m2 function.
Answer:  3
5 Answer:
For which values of parameter a, the vectors (1, a, x 1  36x 
3/2

2) and (a, 4, 4) are (a) parallel, (b) orthogonal?

Find the Fourier series of the function defined by
Answer: (a) 2, (b) –8/5
 x  , 0  x   Sketch the solid obtained by rotating the region
f x    3
 x  ,    x  0 8 2 5  bounded by y = 0 and y = cos(x) for  x 
2 2
Answer: What is the nullity of 16 6 29  ?
   2  2
about the y-axis and find its volume.
 1  1 cos nx  1   1  sin nx   4 0 7 
n n
 
2 n 1  n 2   n  Answer: 4 2
Answer: 1
Find the arc length of f  x   x 3/2  2 on [1, 4]. Let A be a 3 x 3 matrix with A  5. Find (a) A T
Define sets A = {1, …., 10}, B = {3, 7, 11, 12}, C
Answer: 7.63 = {0, 1, …, 20}. Which of the following are , (b) A  I , (c) 2A
propositions?
Answer: (a) 5, (b) not enough info, (c) 40
In drawing two balls, from urn containing 10 I.  A  B   C
balls of each of the colors, red, white and blue, 3
II. 8  22  /102 The functions x, x2, x3 defined on an interval I,
find the probability of getting two different
are always
colors.
III.  B  C   9 Answer: Linearly independent
Answer: 20/29
IV. 7  A
The complementary function for the solution of
1 3 5 Answer: I and IV only
the differential equation 2x 2 y '' 3xy ' 3y  x 3 is
The value of the determinant 3 1 4 , obtained as
Today is Monday, 1 July 2002. What day of the
5 4 1 week will be 29833 days from now? 
3
2
Answer: Friday Answer: Ax  Bx
where  is an imaginary cube root of unity is
Answer: 3 Let V1 = (1, -1, 0), V2 = (0, 1, -1), V3 = (0, 0, 1)
Given  1.5   0.8862 , (a)   3.5  , (b)   0.5  be elements of R3. The set of vectors {V1, V2, V3}
Find the general solution u xx  3 if u  x, y  is a Answer: (a) 3.32325, (b) –3.5448 is
Answer: Linearly independent
function of x and y.
The gross domestic product (GDP) of a certain
Answer: u  1.5x 2  xf  y   g  y  country is N(t) = t2 + 3t + 80 in billions of dollars If X has a Poisson distribution such that P(X = 2)
when t is measured in years. This growth was = 9P(X = 4) + 90P(X = 6) then the variance of the
Suppose the diameter of a certain car component valid from 1980 to 1990. Find the percentage rate distribution is
follows the normal distribution with of change in 1986. Answer: 1
X  N 10,3 . Find the proportion of these Answer: 11% per year
components that have diameter larger than 13.4 A machine shop cutting tool is in the shape of a The value of integral  xy  x  y  dxdy over
mm. Or, if we randomly select one of these notched circle, as shown. The radius of the circle the region bounded by the line y = x and the
components, find the probability that its diameter
is 50 cm, the length of AB is 6 cm, and that of curve y = x2 is
will be larger than 13.4 mm.
BC is 2 cm. The angle ABC is a right angle. Find Answer: 3/56
Answer: 0.1292
the square of the distance (in centimeters) from B
1 to the center of the circle. The family of orthogonal trajectories to the
1 family y = (x – k)2, where k is an arbitrary
Estimate the integral  2
dx using Simpson’s
0 1 x
constant, is
3
rule with a partition having four intervals. 3
Answer: y 2   c  x 
Answer: 0.785392 4

The average value of the function f(x) = sin(x) – Find the general solution of the differential
x on the interval  0,  . Answer: 26 equation x 3 y ''' x 2 y '' 2xy ' 2y  x 3 .
Answer: –0.93418 1
Find the volume obtained if the region bounded Answer: y  c1x  c 2 x ln x  c3 x 2  x 3
4
A certain auditorium has 30 rows of seats. Row 1 by y = x2 and y = 2x is rotated about the x-axis?
has 11 seats, while Row 2 has 12 seats, Row 3 Answer: 13.4
As the tide changes, the water level in a bay
has 13 seats, and so on to the back of the varies sinusoidally. At high tide today at 8 AM,
auditorium where Row 30 has 40 seats. A door Find the inflection points of f(x) = (x – 2)ex.
Answer: x = 0 the water level was 15 feet; at low tide, 6 hours
prize is to be given away by randomly selecting a later at 2 PM, it was 3 feet. How fast, in feet per
row (with equal probability of selecting any of hour, was the water level dropping at noon today?
the 30 rows) and then randomly selecting a seat
within that row (with each seat in the row equally

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Excel Review Center ECE Coaching Course Math Take Home 1
Find the real values of x and y if 3  ix 2 y and  5   4
 3 Solve y  4y  5y''' 6y'' 36y' 40y  0
Answer:
2 x 2  y  4i are complex conjugate to each other. Answer:
Answer:  1, 4  y  c1e2x  c2 xe2x  c3e2x  c4ex cos  2x   c5 ex sin  2x 
The odds that a Ph.D. thesis will be favorably
reviewed by three independent examiners are 5 to x2 x2
Solve y '' y ' 2 y  xe x if y = x is one of
2, 4 to 3 and 3 to 4. What is the probability that a  1  x x
 sin x 1 
majority approve the thesis? 2 its solutions.
Answer: 209/343  
 1    Answer: y  C1x  C 2 xe x  xe x  x 2 e x
If f  x    cos x x  , then f   is
A force field is said to be conservative if  2  4
Compute the Taylor expansion about 0 as far as
Answer: curl = 0  1 1 x2 
  degree 4 for the solution of y’’ – e7xy’ + xy = 0,
  which satisfies y(0) = 2 and y’(0) = 1.
The value of the integral  ydS where C is the Answer: 0 1 2 1
C Answer: y  2  x  x 2  x 3  x 4  ...
2 3 2
curve y  2 x from x = 3 to x = 24 is If Z2  iZ , then
2

Answer: 156 Answer: Im(Z) = 0 Solve for the particular solution to the Ricatti
4 1
If X is a binomial variate with p = 1/5, for the equation y '   2  y  y 2
Forces F1, F2, F3 of magnitudes 5, 3, 1 units t t
experiment of 50 trials, then the standard respectively, act in the directions 6i + 2j + 3k, 3i
deviation is equal to 2
– 2j + 6k, 2i – 3j – 6k respectively on a particle. If Answer: y 
Answer: 2 2 t
the particle is displaced from the point (2,-1,-3) to
the point (5,-1,1) find the work done by the
1
If   3x 2 y  y3z 2 ,grad at (1,- 2,- 1) is equal to resultant force. Solve the IVP y ' y   y 2 , y(1) = 1, t > 0.
Answer: 231 t
Answer: – (12i + 9j + 16k) Answer: y = 2t/(t2 + 1)
Find the difference of the area of the square The constant forces 2i – 5j + 6k, –i + 2j – k and 2i
+ 7j act on a particle which is displaced from A restricted access lake is stocked with 400 fish.
inscribed in a semi-circle having a radius of 15 m. It is estimated that the lake will be able to hold
The base of the square lies on the diameter of the position 4i – 3j – 2k to position 6i + j – 3k. Find
the total work done. 10,000 fish. The number of fish tripled in the first
semi-circle. year. Assuming that the fish population follows a
Answer: 173.5 cm2 Answer: 17 N
logistic model and that 10,000 is the limiting
It is given that the event A and B are such that population, find the length of time needed for the
Find the number of hours for 25 people to sweep
1 1 2 fish population to reach 5,000.
and polish the floors of a building if the P  A   , P  A B  , P  B A   . P  B = Answer: 2.68 years
supervisor notes that it takes 4 hours for 20 4 2 3
people to do the job. Answer: 1/3
Find the Laplace transform of
Answer: 3.2 hours
What is the angle in degrees between an g  t   e3t  cos  6t   e3t cos  6t 
The number of integers that satisfy the inequality asymptote of the hyperbolax2 – 4y2 – 2x – 63 = 0 1 s s3
x2 + 48 < 16x is and the x-axis? Answer:  
s  3 s 2  36  s  32  36
Answer: 7 Answer: 26.6o

A parabola with a vertical axis has its vertex at The divergence of the vector field (x – y)i + (y – Find the Laplace transform of f  t   t cosh  3t 
the origin and passes through point (7,7). The x)j + (x + y + z)k is Answer: (s2 + 9)/(s2 – 9)2
parabola intersects line y = 6 at two points. The Answer: 3
length of the segment joining these points is 3
Answer: 13 If today is Monday, and 1234 days passed, what Find the Laplace transform of g  t   t 2
day will it be?
|2x – 1| = 4x + 5 has how many numbers in its Answer: Wednesday 3 
Answer: 5
solution set?
Answer: 1 If a and b are two unit vectors inclined at an angle 4s 2
 and are such that a + b is a unit vector, then  is 3
A circular table is tangent to two adjacent walls equal to Find the Laplace transform of f  t   10t  2
of a room as shown in the figure. Point N is 10 Answer: 2  /3 3
inches from one wall and 5 inches from the other 3 
Answer: 10 2 5
wall. What is the area of the circular table?
If v, w, x, y, and z are consecutive integers whose 4s 2
Answer: 625
zv
sum is 0, then what is the value of ?
A sphere with a 10-cm diameter sits in a cone so yv Find the Laplace transform of f  t   tg '  t 
that the point of tangency is 12 cm up the cone’s Answer: 0
Answer: G  s   sG '  s 
edge from the vertex. How much liquid can be
under the sphere if the liquid and sphere just Find the differential equation of x 2  y3  Cx 4  0
touch one another? Interval or a range of values used to estimate the
Answer: 93.08 cm3 dy x 2  y3
2 parameter. This estimate may or may not contain
Answer: 2x  3y 4 0
dx x the value of the parameter being estimated.
Write in rectangular coordinates form Answer: Interval estimate of a parameter
r  6 tan  sec  Find the orthogonal trajectories of y  Csin  x  .
A specific numerical value estimate of a
Answer: x2 = 6y Answer: y   2ln cos x  C1 parameter.
Answer: Point estimate. The best point estimate
11
of the population mean is the sample mean.
First three terms in expansion of 1  2x 3  2 are The half–life of radium is 1600 years. If a sample
initially contain 50 g, how long will it be until it
Answer: 1 – 11x3 + (99/2)x6 + … The probability that the interval estimate will
contains 45 g?
contain the parameter.
Answer: 243.2 years
Find the area, if it exists, of the region above the Answer: Confidence level of an estimate of a
4 parameter
x-axis, between the curve y  and its A tank contains a salt water solution consisting
1 x2 initially of 20 kg of salt dissolved into 10 L of
A parameter of a specific interval estimate
asymptotes. water. Fresh water is being poured into the tank at
determined by using data obtained from a sample
Answer: 4 a rate of 3 L/min and the solution, kept uniform
and by using the specific confidence level of the
by stirring, is flowing out at 2 L/min. Find the
estimate.
Take a semicircle with a rectangle on its amount of salt in the tank after 5 minutes.
Answer: Confidence interval
diameter. If the perimeter of the figure is 20 feet, Answer: 8.89 kg
find the radius of the semicircle in order that its Three common confidence level used.
area may be maximum. Solve y’’ + 5y’ + 6y = 0.
Answer: 90%, 95%, 99%
Answer: 2.8 Answer: y  c1e3x  c2e2x

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Excel Review Center ECE Coaching Course Math Take Home 1
Critical value of (a) 90%, (b) 95% and (c) 99% RMSE
confidence level. Answer: Root mean square error. The square root
Answer: (a) 2.58, (b) 1.96, (c) 1.645 of MSE

The margin of error for a sample of size n is Inverse Laplace transform of 1/(s + 5) at t = 0.5
1 Answer: 0.082
Answer:
n
Inverse Laplace transform of 1/(s + 2)2 at t = 0.2 Answer: 288
Answer: 0.134
The president of a large university wishes to The length of diameter AB is a two digit integer.
estimate the average age of the students presently Reversing the digits gives the length of a
enrolled. From past studies, the standard 1
Inverse Laplace transform 2
at t = 0.2 perpendicular chord CD. The distance from their
deviation is known to be 2 years. A sample of 50  s  2   s  1 intersection point H to the center O is a positive
students is selected, and the mean is found to be Answer: 0.0055395 rational number. Determine the length of AB.
23.2 years. Find the 95% confidence interval of
the population mean. Find the Laplace transform of the second
Answer: between 22.6 and 23.8 years old
derivative of f  t   sin 2 t .
A survey of 30 adults found that the mean age of Answer: 2s/(s2 + 4)
a person’s primary vehicle is 5.6 years. Assuming
the standard deviation of the population is 0.8 Find the Laplace transform of the second
year, find the 99% confidence interval of the derivative of f  t   t sin  at  Answer: 65
population mean.
Answer: between 5.2 and 6.0 years 2as3 In the adjoining figure, two circles with radii 6
Answer: 2
s 2
 a2  and 8 are drawn with their centers 12 units apart.
The college president asks the statistics teacher to At P, one of the points of intersection, a line is
estimate the average age of the students at their t
drawn in such a way that the chords QP and PR
college. How large a sample is necessary? The Find the Laplace transform of  32d have equal length. P is the midpoint of QR. Find
0
statistics teacher would like to be 99% confident the square of the length of QP.
Answer: 3!/s4
that the estimate should be accurate within 1 year.
From a previous study, the standard deviation of
t
the ages is known to be 3 years. Find the Laplace transform of  2 cos  2  d
0
Answer: 60
Answer: 2/(s2 + 4)
What are the three properties of a good estimator? Answer: 130
Answer: unbiased, consistent and relatively z 1
Given F  z   , residue at (a) z = 0, (b) z =
efficient 4z3  z
A point P is chosen in the interior of triangle
1/2, (c) z = –1/2 is
ABC such that when lines are drawn through P
What is the maximum error of estimate? Answer: (a) –1, (b) 3/4, (c) 1/4
parallel to the sides of triangle ABC, the resulting
Answer: Margin of error smaller triangles t1, t2 and t3 in the figure, have
  2  area 4, 9 and 49 respectively. Find the area of
Confidence interval can be calculated using the d   z  i  
lim    triangle ABC.
z i  dz 2 2 
  1  z  
formula

Answer: x   z critical value  Answer: i/4
n

Minimum sample size needed for an interval  d   z  i 2 z  

lim   2 

estimate of the population mean can be calculated    z  i   
z i dz
using the formula Answer: 144
2 Answer: 1
  z critical value    When a triangle is rotated about one leg, the
Answer:   where E is the
 E  z 1 volume of the cone produced is 800 cm3. When
 z2 dz where z = e where     0
i

maximum error of estimate the triangle is rotated about the other leg, the
Answer: 2  i volume of the cone produced is 1920 cm3. What
An estimate that is based on the variances within
is the length of the hypotenuse of the triangle?
the samples. An estimate of the variance whether dz
where (a) z = ei where     0 , (b) z = Answer: 26 cm
or not the null hypothesis is true.  z2
Answer: Mean Square Error (MSE)
t + 0i where 1  t  2 . An ellipse has foci at (9, 20) and (49, 55) in the
Answer: (a) –2, (b) 1/2 xy – plane and is tangent to the x – axis. What is
The estimate is based on the variance of the
the length of its major axis?
sample means. An estimate of the variance if the
Answer: 85
null hypothesis is true.
 log  z dz where z = ei and 0    
Answer: Mean Square Between (MSB)
Three 12 cm x 12 cm squares are each cut into
Answer: 2i
two pieces A and B, as shown in the first figure
If the null hypothesis is (a) true, (b) false then
below, by joining the midpoints of two adjacent
Answer: (a) MSE and MSB should be about the Determine the radius of convergence of sides. These six pieces are than attached to a
same value, (b) MSB is larger than MSE n

 2  n regular hexagon, as shown in the second figure,
  x  3 . so as to fold into a polyhedron. What is the
Mean square error can be calculated using the n 1
n 0
volume of this polyhedron?
formula Answer: 1/2

Answer: MSE 
 si 2 Find the radius of convergence of the power
a 
n xn
series   1
Given the following data below, compute the n 0  2  1 n 2  1
n

MSE and MSB.

Answer: 2
Aspirin Tylenol Placebo
3 2 2 The solid has a square base of side length s. The Answer: 864 cm3
5 2 1 upper edge is parallel to the base and has length
3 4 3 2s. All other edges have length s. Given that s = In triangle ABC, AB = 425, BC = 450 and AC =
5 4 2 510. An integer point P is then drawn and
6 2 , what is the volume of the solid?
Answer: MSE = 1.111, MSB = 4 segments are drawn through P parallel to the
sides of the triangle. If these three segments are
Mean square between can be calculated using the of an equal length d, find d.
formula Answer: 306
Answer: MSB = ns M 2
Let triangle ABC be a right triangle in the xy –
plane with a right angle at C. Given that the

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Excel Review Center ECE Coaching Course Math Take Home 1
length of the hypotenuse AB is 60, and that the The eigenvalues of a skew-Hermitian matrix or a A matrix of non-negative real numbers, such that
medians through A and B lie along the lines y = x skew-symmetric matrix are the entries in each row sum to 1.
+ 3 and y = 2x + 4 respectively, find the area of Answer: Pure imaginary or zero Answer: Markov matrix
triangle ABC.
Answer: 400 The eigenvalues of a unitary matrix or orthogonal A matrix whose off-diagonal entries are non-
matrix have negative.
Find the area of the region enclosed by the graph Answer: Absolute value 1 Answer: Metzler matrix
x
x  60  y  The matrix containing minors of a given square A square matrix with exactly one non-zero entry
4
matrix. in each row and column.
Answer: 480 Answer: Adjugate matrix Answer: Monomial matrix
Triangle ABC has a right angle at B, and contains A matrix in which successive columns have a A square matrix satisfying Aq = 0 for some
a point P for which PA = 10, PB = 6 and angle particular function applied to their entries. positive integer q.
APB = angle BPC = angle CPA. Find PC. Answer: Alternant matrix Answer: Nilpotent matrix

Synonym for Skew–Hermitian matrix. If matrix A has an inverse.

Answer: Anti–Hermitian Matrix Answer: Non–singular matrix
Answer: 33
Synonym for skew–symmetric matrix. A real unitary matrix.
The value of a for which the sum of the squares Answer: Anti–symmetric matrix Answer: Orthogonal matrix
of the roots of the equation
A matrix whose rows are concatenations of the A symmetric matrix.
x 2   a  2  x  a  1  0 assume the value is rows of two smaller matrices. Answer: Real Hermitian matrix
Answer: 1 Answer: Augmented matrix
A skew – symmetric matrix.
If the cube roots of unity are 1,  , 2 then the A matrix with nonzero entries on the main Answer: Real Skew–Hermitian matrix
3 diagonal and on sloping parallel to it.
roots of the equation  x  1  8  0 are Answer: Band matrix If all the diagonal entries of a diagonal matrix are
Answer: 1, 1  2, 1  22 equal.
A matrix with all elements either 0 or 1. Answer: Scalar matrix
2 Answer: Binary, Boolean, Logical or (0,1) matrix
If the roots of the equation x  bx  c be two A matrix whose entries are either +1, 0, or −1.
consecutive integers, then b2 – 4c equals A square matrix that is symmetric with respect to Answer: Sign matrix
Answer: 1 its main diagonal and its main cross-diagonal.
Answer: Bisymmetric matrix A diagonal matrix where the diagonal elements
If both the roots of the quadratic equation are either +1 or −1.
x 2  2kx  k 2  k  5  0 are less than 5, then k A matrix with all rows and columns mutually Answer: Signature matrix
lies in the interval orthogonal, whose entries are unimodular.
Answer:  , 4  Answer: Complex Hadamard matrix If matrix A has no inverse.
Answer: Singular matrix
Two matrices A and B are congruent if there
All the values of m for which both roots of the exists an invertible matrix P such that PT A P = B. A matrix where its negative equivalent is equal to
equation x 2  2mx  m2  1  0 are greater than –2 Answer: Congruent matrix T
its conjugate transpose A  A or a ij  a ij
but less than 4, lie in the interval
Answer: –1 < m < 3 Square matrix that can have nonzero entries only Answer: Skew–Hermitian matrix
on the main diagonal. Any entry above or below
If the difference between the roots of the equation the main diagonal must be zero. A square matrix whose transpose equals minus
x 2  ax  1  0 is less than 5 , then the set of Answer: Diagonal matrix the matrix.
Answer: Skew–symmetric matrix
possible values of a is
A square matrix in the form of an identity matrix
Answer:  3,3 but with arbitrary entries in one column below the A matrix with relatively few non-zero elements.
main diagonal. Answer: Sparse matrix
The quadratic equations x2 – 6x + a = 0 and x2 – Answer: Frobenius matrix
cx + 6 = 0 have one root in common. The other A square matrix with all entries nonnegative and
roots of the first and second equations are An "almost" triangular matrix, for example, an all column sums equal to 1.
integers in the ratio 4:3. Then the common root is upper Hessenberg matrix has zero entries below Answer: Stochastic matrix
Answer: 2 the first subdiagonal.
Answer: Hessenberg matrix A square matrix whose entries come from
If p and q are the roots of the equation x2 + px + q coefficients of two polynomials.
= 0, then A matrix which is equal to its conjugate Answer: Sylvester matrix
Answer: p = 1, q = –2 T
transpose. A  A or a ij  a ij A matrix is symmetric if it equals its transpose.
If (1 – p) is a root of quadratic equation x2 + px + Answer: Hermitian matrix Answer: Symmetric matrix
(1 – p) = 0 then its roots are
Answer: 0, –1 A square matrix of second partial derivatives of a A matrix with constant diagonals.
scalar-valued function. Answer: Toeplitz matrix
Fourier transform of Dirac delta or impulse Answer: Hessian matrix
function   t  . A matrix with nonzero entries on the main
A square matrix whose main diagonal comprises diagonal and on the two sloping parallels
Answer: 1
only zero elements. immediately above or below the diagonal.
Answer: Hollow matrix Answer: Tridiagonal matrix
Fourier transform of unit step or Heaviside
function u  t  . A matrix that has the property A² = AA = A. An invertible matrix with entries in the integers
1 Answer: Idempotent or Projection matrix (integer matrix). Necessarily the determinant is
Answer:     +1 or –1.
i
A square matrix which is its own inverse, AA = I. Answer: Unimodular matrix
Fourier transform of negative time unit step Answer: Involutory matrix
A square matrix with all eigenvalues equal to 1.
function u  t  Answer: Unipotent matrix
A matrix of first-order partial derivatives of a
1 vector-valued function.
Answer:     A scalar matrix whose entries on the main
i Answer: Jacobian matrix
diagonal are all 1.
The eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix or a A square matrix that can have nonzero entries Answer: Unit or Identity matrix
symmetric matrix are only on and below the main diagonal, whereas
Answer: Real any entry above the diagonal must be zero. A matrix where is inverse is equal to its conjugate
Answer: Lower triangular matrix T
transpose. A  A 1

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Excel Review Center ECE Coaching Course Math Take Home 1
Answer: Unitary matrix Answer: Tricomi equation  1 
y ''  1  y '2  y' y  0,   0
A square matrix that can have nonzero entries  3 
G '' yG  0 or y '' k 2 xy  0
only on and above the main diagonal, whereas Answer: Rayleigh equation
Answer: Airy equation
any entry below the diagonal must be zero.
Answer: Upper triangular matrix y ' p  x  y  g  x  y 2  h  x 
A row consists of 1, a, a², a³, etc., and each row y ' p  x  y  q  x  y n
Answer: Riccati equation
uses a different variable. Answer: Bernoulli equation
y  xy ' g  y ' 
Answer: Vandermonde matrix
Answer: Clairaut equation
y'  Ay  By2 (a special type of Bernoulli
A square matrix, with dimensions a power of 2,
equation)
the entries of which are +1 or -1.
Answer: Logistic or Verhulst equation  2u  2u
Answer: Walsh matrix   v 2u  0
x 2 y 2
x 2 y '' xy '  x 2  v2  y  0 (the parameter v is a Answer: Helmholtz equation
A square matrix the entries of which are in {0, 1,
−1}, such that AAT = wI for positive integer w. given number, real and nonnegative)
Answer: Weighing matrix r  r  1  bo r  co  0 (quadratic equation)
Answer: Bessel’s equation
Answer: Indicial equation of the ODE
A matrix with all off-diagonal entries less than 0.
Answer: Z – matrix 1  x  y'' 2xy ' n  n  1 y  0
2

y''  1  y2  y ' y  0
Answer: Legendre’s equation
A matrix with all entries zero. Answer: Van der Pol equation
Answer: Zero matrix  p  x  y' '  q  x   r  x   y  0 (involving a
Partial DE
The differential equation in the form of parameter  ) Au xx  2Bu xy  Cu yy  F  x, y, u, u x , u y  is
y '  P  x  y 2  Q  x  y  R  x  is called a/an Answer: Sturm – Liouville equation
hyperbolic if
Answer: Ricatti equation Answer: AC  B2  0 or  2B  4AC  0
2
f  z   u  x, y   iv  x, y  should satisfy what type
The second order differential equation of equation to be analytic. (example is Wave equation)
x 2 y" Axy ' By  0 (with A and B are Answer: Cauchy – Riemann equations
Partial DE
constants) is called u x  v y and u y   v x
Answer: Euler – Cauchy equation Au xx  2Bu xy  Cu yy  F  x, y, u, u x , u y  is

u2
u 2
T parabolic if
The equation y" p  x  y  q  x  y  0 is  c2 2 , c  Answer: AC  B2  0 or  2B  4AC  0
2
t 2 x 
Answer: Second order linear homogeneous Answer: One dimensional wave equation (example is Heat equation)

u tt  c 2u xx where t and x stands for time and Partial DE

u 2u
spatial coordinated respectively, c is wave speed  c2 2 Au xx  2Bu xy  Cu yy  F  x, y, u, u x , u y  elliptic if
t x
and u represents the amplitude.
Answer: One dimensional heat or diffusion Answer: AC  B2  0 or  2B  4AC  0
2
Answer: Wave equation
equation
(example is Laplace equation)
u tt  c 2 u xx  f  x, t 
2u 2u versine(x) or vers(x) is equivalent to
Answer: Non homogeneous wave equation 2 u   0
x 2 y 2 Answer: 1 – cos(x)
Answer: Two dimensional Laplace equation
u tt  c 2 u xx  du coversine(x) or covers(x) is equivalent to
Answer: Klein Gordon equation Answer: 1 – sin(x)
 2u  2 u
 2 u  2  2  f  x, y 
x y exsecant(x) or exsec(x) is equivalent to
u tt  c 2 u xx  du  f  x, t 
Answer: Two dimensional Poisson equation Answer: sec(x) – 1
Answer: Non homogeneous Klein Gordon
equation
2u   2 u  2u  haversine(x) or hav(x) is equivalent to
2
 c2  2  2  Answer: vers(x)/2
u tt  au t  bu  c 2 u xx t  x y 
Answer: Telegraph equation Answer: Two dimensional wave equation The complement of a set A is
Answer: A  U  A
u t   2 u xx  2u  2 u  2u
where  2 is called the thermal   0
x 2 y 2 z 2 A  U  A, A    A
diffusivity of the rod and u represents the
temperature if the equation represents heat Answer: Three dimensional Laplace equation Answer: Identity Laws
conduction through a rod.
Answer: Heat equation x 2 y '' axy ' by  0 A  U  U, A    
Answer: Euler Cauchy equation Answer: Domination Laws
u t   2 u xx  f  x, t 
Answer: Non homogeneous heat equation x 1  x  y'' c   a  b  1 x  y' aby  0 A  A  A, A  A  A
Answer: Gauss’s hypergeometric ODE Answer: Idempotent Laws
u t   2 u xx  bu x  cu  f  x, t 
Answer: Convective heat equation xy '' 1  x  y ' ny  0 A  A
Answer: Laguerre’s equation
Elliptic equation u xx  u yy  0 Answer: Complementation Laws

Answer: Laplace equation  2 u 1 u 1  2 u A  B  B  A, A  B  B  A

2 u   
r 2 r r r 2 2 Answer: Commutative Laws
u xx  u yy  f  x, y   0 Answer: Laplacian in polar coordinates
Answer: Poisson equation A   B  C    A  B  C
 2 u 1 u 1  2 u  2 u
2u     A   B  C    A  B  C
u xx  u yy  au  f  x, y   0 r 2 r r r 2 2 z 2
Answer: Laplacian in cylindrical coordinates Answer: Associative Laws
Answer: Helmholtz equation

y '' o 2 y  y3  0 A   B  C    A  B   A  C 
x 2 y ''  x 2  n  n  1  y  0
Answer: Duffing equation A   B  C    A  B   A  C 
Answer: Ricatti equation
Answer: Distributive Laws
yu xx  u yy  0

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Excel Review Center ECE Coaching Course Math Take Home 1
A  B  A  B, A  B  A  B Answer: Negation Laws the fraction of times an event E occurs during n
Answer: De Morgan’s Laws trials is within  of p(E).
For all real numbers x and y, x + y is a real. Answer: Law of large numbers
Answer: Closure law for addition
A   A  B  A
For every real number x there exists an integer n
A   A  B  A For all real numbers x and y, x  y is a real such that n > x.
Answer: Absorption Laws number. Answer: Archimedean Property
Answer: Closure law for multiplication
A  A  U, A  A   For all real numbers x, y and z, (x + y) + z = x + This law states that if the sample space S is the
Answer: Complement Laws (y + z). disjoint union of the events S1 , S2 ,...,Sn and X is a
Answer: Associative law for addition n
xx
For all real numbers x, y and z,
   
random variable, then E  X    E X S j P S j
Answer: Law of double complement j1

 x  y  z  x   y  z Answer: Law of total expectation

x  x  x, x  x  x Answer: Associative law for multiplication
Answer: Idempotent Laws A statement that is true or false.
For all real numbers x and y, x + y = y + x. Answer: Proposition
x  0  x, x 1  x Answer: Commutative law for addition
A variable that represents a proposition.
Answer: Identity Laws Answer: Propositional variable
For all real numbers x and y, x  y  y  x
x  1  1, x  0  0 Answer: Commutative law for multiplication True or false
Answer: Domination Laws Answer: True value
For every real number x, x + 0 = 0 + x = x.
Answer: Additive identity law Proposition with truth value opposite to the truth
x + y = y + x, xy = yx
Answer: Commutative Laws value of p.
For every real number x, x 1  1 x  x Answer: Negation
x + (y + z) = (x + y) + z, x(yz) = (xy)z Answer: Multiplicative identity law
Answer: Associative Laws Operators used to combine propositions.
The additive identity 0 and the multiplicative Answer: Logical operators
x + yz = (x + y)(x + z), x(y + z) = xy + xz identity 1 are distinct, that is 0  1.
Answer: Distributive Laws Answer: Identity elements axiom A proposition constructed by combining
propositions using logical operators.
For every real number x, there exists a real Answer: Compound proposition
 xy   x  y,  x  y   xy
number –x called the additive inverse of x, such
Answer: De Morgan’s Laws A table displaying all possible truth values of
that x + (–x) = (–x) + x = 0.
Answer: Inverse law for addition propositions.
x + xy = x, x(x + y) = x Answer: Truth table
Answer: Absorption Laws
For every nonzero real number x, there exists a
real number 1/x called the multiplicative inverse The proposition “p or q”, which is true if and only
x  x 1 if at least one of p and q is true.
of x, such that x  1 / x   1/ x   x  1 Answer: Disjunction
Answer: Unit property
Answer: Inverse law for multiplication
The proposition “p and q”, which is true if and
xx  0 For all real numbers x, y and z, only if both p and q are true.
Answer: Zero property Answer: Conjunction
x  y  z   xy  xz and  x  y  z  xz  yz
p  T  p, p  F  p Answer: Distributive laws
Proposition “p XOR q”, which is true when
(T denotes the compound proposition that is For all real numbers x and y, exactly one of x = y, exactly one of p and q is true.
always true and F denotes the compound x > y or y > x is true. Answer: Exclusive OR
proposition that is always false.) Answer: Trichotomy law
Answer: Identity Laws The proposition “if p, then q”, which is false if
For all real numbers x, y and z, if x >y and y > z, and only if p is true and q is false.
p  T  T, p  F  F then x > z. Answer: Implication
(T denotes the compound proposition that is Answer: Transitivity law
always true and F denotes the compound The proposition “p if and only if q”, which is true
proposition that is always false.) For all real numbers x, y and z, if x > y, then x + if and only if p and q have the same truth value.
Answer: Domination Laws z > y + z. Answer: Biconditional
Answer: Additive compatibility law
Either a 0 or 1.
p  p  p, p  p  p Answer: Bit
Answer: Idempotent Laws For all real numbers x, y and z, if x > y and z > 0,
then xz  yz A variable that has a value 0 or 1.
  p   p Answer: Multiplicative compatibility law Answer: Boolean variable
Answer: Double negation law
Every nonempty set of real numbers that is A list of bits.
bounded has a least upper bound. Answer: Bit string
p  q  q  p, p  q  q  p Answer: Completeness property
Answer: Commutative Laws A compound proposition that is always true.
Every nonempty subset of the set of positive Answer: Tautology
p  q  r  p  q  r , p  r   r  p  q  r  integers has a least element.
Answer: The Well-ordering property A compound proposition that is always false.
Answer: Associative Laws
Answer: Contradiction
p  q  r   p  q   p  r , If S is a set of positive integers such that 1  S and
A compound proposition that is sometimes true
for all positive integers n if n  S , then n  1  S ,
p  q  r   p  q   p  r and sometimes false.
then S is the set of positive integers.
Answer: Distributive Laws Answer: Contingency
Answer: Mathematical induction axiom
Compound propositions for which there is an
  p  q   p  q,   p  q   p  q Modus ponens  p   p  q    q assignment of truth values to the variables that
Answer: De Morgan’s Laws Answer: Law of detachment (Modus ponens is makes all these propositions true.
Latin for mode for affirms) Answer: Consistent compound propositions
p   p  q   p, p   p  q   p
Answer: Absorption Laws A compound proposition for which there is an
This is law states that is  0 , as n becomes
assignment of truth values to its variables that
arbitrarily large the probability approaches 1 that makes it true.
p  p  T, p  p  F Answer: Satisfiable compound proposition

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Excel Review Center ECE Coaching Course Math Take Home 1
Compound proposition that always have the same The secant method of finding roots of nonlinear Exclusive disjunction
truth values. equations falls under the category of ____ Answer: Symbol: ,  , Should be read as: xor
Answer: Logically equivalent compound methods.
propositions Answer: open Tautology
A sequence of statements. Highest order of polynomial integrand for which
Answer: Symbol: , 1
Answer: Argument Simpson’s 1/3 rule of integration is exact is
Answer: Third Should be read as: top, verum
An invalid argument form often used incorrectly
as a rule of inference (or sometimes, more Newton-Raphson method of solution of Contradiction
generally, an incorrect argument) numerical equation is not preferred when Answer: Symbol: , F, 0 , Should be read as:
Answer: Fallacy Answer: The graph of f(x) is nearly horizontal – bottom, falsum
where it crosses the x–axis.
Mathematical assertion can be shown to be true. Universal quantification
Answer: Theorem Newton-Raphson method is applicable to the Answer: Symbol: , ()
solution of
Should be read as: for all; for any; for each
A mathematical assertion proposed to be true, but Answer: Both algebraic and transcendental
that has not been proved. equations
Existential quantification
Answer: Conjecture
The order of errors the Simpson’s rule for Answer: Symbol: 
A demonstration that a theorem is true. numerical integration with a step size h is Should be read as: there exists
Answer: Proof Answer: h^2
Uniqueness quantification
A statement that is assumed to be true and that In which method proper choice of initial value is Answer: Symbol: !
can be used as a basis for proving theorems. very important? Should be read as: there exists exactly one
Answer: Axioms Answer: Newton-Raphson
Definiton
A theorem used to prove other theorems. Errors may occur in performing numerical Answer: Symbol: :,  , : 
Answer: Lemma computation on the computer due to
Answer: Rounding errors Should be read as: is defined as
A proposition that can be proved as a
consequence of a theorem that has just been _______ distinct _______ points form a plane. Precedence grouping
proved. Answer: Three; non collinear Answer: Symbol: ( )
Answer: Corollary Should be read as: parentheses, brackets
Two parallel lines intersected by a transverse line,
A statement containing one or more variables that the alternating interior angles are ________. Turnstile
becomes a proposition when each of its variables Answer: Congruent Answer: Symbol: , Should be read as: provable
is assigned a value or is bound by a quantifier.
Answer: Propositional function Two parallel lines intersected by a transverse line, Double turnstile
the alternating exterior angles are ________. Answer: Symbol: , Should be read as: entails
In which of the following method, we Answer: Congruent
approximate the curve of solution by the tangent Complement of set A
in each interval. Two parallel lines intersected by a transverse line, Answer: The set of all elements in U that are not
Answer: Euler’s method the same side interior angles are ________. in set A. Denoted by A, A' or AC
Answer: Supplementary
Jacobi’s method is also known as Intersection of set A and B
Answer: Simultaneous displacement method Two parallel lines intersected by a transverse line, Answer: The set of elements belonging to both A
the same side exterior angles are ________.
and B. Denoted by A  B
The convergence of which of the following Answer: Supplementary
method is sensitive to starting value?
Union of set A and B
Answer: Newton-Raphson method Solid generated by a line revolved and intersected
Answer: The set of elements belonging to either
by another is a/an
To perform a Chi-square test Answer: Cone A or B. Denoted by A  B
Answer: Data conform to a normal distribution.
Data be measured on a nominal scale. Each cell Generated by a parabola on a plane with a Difference (or Relative Complement) of set A
has equal number of frequencies. perpendicular line is a/an and B
Answer: Parabolic cylinder Answer: The set of elements of A that do not
In the Gauss elimination method for solving a belong to B. Denoted by A – B or A\B
system of linear algebraic equations, Generated by an ellipse on a plane with a
triangularization leads to perpendicular line is a/an Symmetric difference of set A and B
Answer: upper triangular matrix Answer: Elliptical cylinder Answer: The set of elements that belong to A or
B but not both. Denoted by A  B or AB
Newton-Raphson The mean of the sides of a triangle meet at what
Answer: Root finding point? Property of a relation R on a set A where
Answer: Centroid
Runge-kutta  x, y   R and  y, x   R implies x = y.
Answer: Ordinary differential equations The altitudes of the sides of a triangle meet at Answer: Anti–symmetric or Asymmetric
what point?
Gauss-seidel Answer: Orthocenter The relation R  1,1 , 1, 2  ,  3, 2  ,  3,3 is
Answer: Solution of system of linear equations
Answer: Anti–symmetric, Transitive
Material implication
Simpson’s rule Answer: Symbol: ,  , 
Answer: Integration Property of a relation R on a set A where x  A ,
Should be read as: implies; if… then
 x, x   R or xRx
The expected value of the random variable Material equivalence Answer: Reflexive
Answer: Is another term for the mean value.
Answer: Symbol: ,  ,  , Should be read
as: if and only if; means the same as Property of a relation R on a set A where x, y  A
Solving an engineering problem requires four
steps. In order of sequence, the four steps are  x, y   R implies  y, x   R or xRy implies yRx.
Answer: Formulate, solve, interpret, implement Negation
Answer: Symmetric
Answer: Symbol: , ! , ~, Should be read as: not
True error is defined as Property of a relation R on a set A where
Answer: True value – approximate value Logical conjunction x, y, z  A ,  x, y   R and  y, z   R implies
Answer: Symbol: , , & ,Should be read as: and
The Newton-Raphson method of finding roots of  x, z   R . Equivalently, for all x, y, z  A , xRy
nonlinear equations falls under the category of and yRz implies xRz.
Logical disjunction
____ methods. Answer: Transitive
Answer: open Answer: Symbol: , +, , Should be read as: or

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Excel Review Center ECE Coaching Course Math Take Home 1
A relation between elements of a set A that is
reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
Answer: Equivalence relation

A relation that is symmetric and transitive.

Answer: Partial Equivalence Relation
“Don’t quit on yourself.”

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