INSTALLATION, REPAIR,

SERVICING &
COMPUTER
MAINTENANCE
CONCEPTS

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THE CONCEPTS
• The effective & efficient working of
a system depends on the following
four features:
• Maintenance
• Servicing
• Trouble shooting
• Repair
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MAINTENANCE
• Maintenance includes both hardware &
software in it
• Maintenance is a continuous process
• Hardware maintenance includes cleaning
dust, maintaining constant voltage, etc.
• Software maintenance includes
reinstallation, up gradation & removal of
different software
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SERVICING
• Servicing is mainly associated with
hardware equipment.
• Servicing includes checkups, repairs
and updating of all physical
components.
• Service provider should have proper
knowledge about various components
and their installation procedures.
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SERVICING STEPS
• Uninstall all physical components
starting from power connections to
internal motherboard connections.
• Clean dust from the components.
• Perform a visual check or electronic
check as required.
• Reinstall all components carefully and
properly.
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SERVICING STEPS
• Check for loose wiring or crack cables.
• Check if any jumper is missing, if
required replace it with a new one.
• Check for physical damages of
peripherals and replace them if needed.
• Tighten all external connections.
• Switch on the power supply and observe.
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TROUBLESHOOTING
• The detection and removal of faults
in the computer system is known as
troubleshooting.
• If a problem is detected in a system,
it is to be sorted out immediately.
• Troubleshooting is of two types :
• Hardware troubleshooting.
• Software troubleshooting. 7
…TROUBLESHOOTING

Troubleshooting depends on the

following four factors:
• Problem solving approach.
• Techniques adopted in troubleshooting.
• Tools and test equipment used.
• Diagnostic aids in the PC.

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REPAIRING CONCEPTS
• Repairing means to rectify the problem in
the hardware or software.
• While finding or analyzing the faults, it can
be decided which hardware or software can
be repaired.
• Repairing may also include replacement of
a component.
• It is an essential part of troubleshooting.
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REPAIR MAINTENANCE POLICY
• Repair of components may result into
adding up of cost and delay in operations.
• Some failures occur because of repairs, it
is called repair generated failures.
• Repairs are termed as corrective
maintenance.
• Corrective maintenance is done when a
fault occurs.
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REPAIR MAINTENANCE POLICY
• Preventive maintenance should be favored
over corrective maintenance.
• Preventive maintenance may add to the
cost but saves operation time.
• Preventive maintenance is often neglected
and the emphasis is on repair maintenance
policy.
• It enforces maintenance through servicing.
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REPAIR GENERATED FAILURES
• These failures depend on the performance
of the technician.
• The technician during repairing process
may leave some loose connections, wrong
connections or some broken pins / broken
wires.
• These can be avoided if the technician
rechecks/revise the work done.
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MAINTENANCE

• Maintenance is a process which

starts with installation of the system
and runs through out the life of it.
• Maintenance includes both…
• Hardware maintenance.
• Software maintenance.
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SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE
• Software maintenance includes updating,
enhancements, changes, repair and
replacements.
• Altered environment or changed conditions
may result in software maintenance.
• It is of the following two types :
• Adaptive maintenance
• Perfective maintenance 14
HARDWARE MAINTENANCE
• It includes proper cleaning, servicing, repairing
or replacing components of the computer.
• The following are the two types of maintenance
methods used to keep the hardware intact :
• Preventive maintenance.
• Corrective maintenance.

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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
• Preventive maintenance means maintenance
through preventions.
• Careful handling of the computer enhances the
life of the system and is called preventive
maintenance.
• Preventive maintenance can be done by taking
some general precautions and some special
precautions.

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GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
• Ensure all peripherals are switched off before the main power is
switched off.
• Remove all CD’s from the drives before switching off the system.
• Do not switch off the system when activity LED in hard disk drive
glows.
• Store CDs in clean and cool place where electromagnetic
interference is absent.

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…GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
• Do not obstruct air circulation to the computer site.
• Do not eat or drink while working on the computer
system.
• When not in use, use dust covers for monitor, printer, etc.
• Do not bend or scratch on CDs.

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SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
• Do not apply force on key switches.
• Do not rest hands on the keyboard.
• Do not play with the keyboard after switching off the
power.
• Cable at keyboard end should not be subjected to high
stress.
• Do not use rough materials to clean the components of
the system.

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…SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
• Use quality ribbon or ink to avoid damage to print
head.
• The internal parts of printer like stepper motor,
print head, etc. should be cleaned properly
periodically.
• Switch off power before plugging and removing a
cable, or inserting and removing a PCB.

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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
• The position where the system is kept should be dry and away from direct sunlight or rain.
• Ensure the hard disk is backed up properly.
• Remove dust from circuit boards using air blower.
• Run the diagnostic softwares periodically.

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CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE
• It refers to the maintenance procedures that are adopted when any error occurs in the system.
• It is contrary to preventive maintenance.
• It starts when a failure or crash occurs in the system.
• It includes repair and troubleshooting techniques.

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CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE STEPS
• In case of failure general troubleshooting concepts should be performed first.
• If problem remains, locate the fault using different tools or diagnostic softwares.
• Once fault is determined, troubleshoot or replace the component, as required.
• Corrective maintenance also includes periodic enhancements.

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CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE TOOLS
• Various tools that can be used during corrective maintenance are Data recovery tools from
operating system, third party data recovery tools, virus vaccines, etc.
• Though preventive maintenance is better yet there are times that corrective maintenance is
used due to unseen factors leading to sudden failures.

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MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURE
• Mean time between failure(MTBF) is the statistically derived average length of time for which
a system component operates before failing.
• It is expressed in thousands or tens of thousands of hours which is known as Power ON
Hours(POH).
• It is a practical indication of components reliability.

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…MTBF
• MTBF rating is intended to be used along with the service life of the component.
• It can be measured using statistical methods and any measurement will be subject to
statistical variation.
• The degree of variation depends on the number of components included in the sample used
in measurement.

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MEAN TIME TO REPAIR(MTTR)
• MTTR is amount of time between when something breaks and when it has been repaired.
• MTTR represents the total amount of time that the device was unable to provide service.
• MTTR numbers are calculated for each component and service.

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…MTTR
• Troubleshooting time can be reduced by using following steps:
• Documenting the system
• Implementing change management
• Documenting standard operating procedures.

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…MTTR
• Time spent in waiting can be reduced using following methods:
• Negotiating sparing agreements with equipment vendors.
• Maintaining an accurate on-call list for critical maintenance personnel.
• Keeping the spares of equipment on hand.

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PERFORMANCE AFFECTING FACTORS
• The factors affecting the performance of a computer are:
• Heat & Humidity
• Magnetism
• Stray Electromagnetism
• Power Surges
• Corrosion & Rough Handling

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HEAT & HUMIDITY
• Excessive heat and thermal shocks are one
of the major factors that effect the
performance of the system.
• More than half of the power given is wasted
as heat and heat destroys the chip
• To reduce the heat effect, a fan is installed
with the power supply.
• The room can be air conditioned.

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…HEAT & HUMIDITY
• Rapid changes in the temperature result in
Thermal Shocks.
• Humidity depends on the climate of the
place.
• It causes short circuiting inside the system
and decreases the life of the system.
• This factor can be foreseen and air
conditioning can be installed as a remedy.
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MAGNETISM
• Magnetism may cause permanent loss
of data on hard disk or CD.
• It is mostly produced by electric motors
or electric appliances.
• Magnetic fields badly effect the data
recorded on diskettes and CDs.
• Precautions should be taken while
preserving CDs & diskettes.
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STRAY ELECTROMAGNETISM
• Stray Electromagnetism includes
electromagnetism interference, noise,
interference, static electricity, etc.
• Electromagnetism interference includes
cross-talk and radio frequency
interference(RFI).
• Shielding and isolating system power from
other loads is a preventive measure.

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POWER SURGE
• Power surge or fluctuation is a source of lot of
problems.
• It causes unreliable operation and damages
electronic components.
• As their bad effects are known in advance,
preventive measures should be taken.
• Use of uninterrupted power supply (UPS) is a
way to safeguard the system.

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CORROSION & ROUGH HANDLING
• Corrosion of connectors and PCB edge
contacts may cause reliability problem
in the system.
• Moisture is a corrosion agent.
• To control Corrosion, humidity should
be controlled.
• Cleaning fluids should be dried so as to
control moisture.
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ROUGH HANDLING
• Improper handling of the system causes damage.
• The system should be kept at a clean and smooth surface.
• The system should not be moved from its place frequently.
• Careful handling of the system and its peripheral is a simple remedy.

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INSTALLING THE BOARD
• Steps to install a circuit board:
• Set jumpers & switches on the board.
• Install the board in correct slot.
• Reboot the system and let the OS detect the card and install drivers.
• Test the operation of the board.
• Test the compatibility of the board with other devices of the system.

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CONFIGURING CIRCUIT BOARD
• When a circuit board is installed, it may or may not function properly.
• The non working is because of the conflicts of the new board with the existing ones.
• Configuring the board is essential.
• Configuring provides s/w support,consists of assigning resources to the device.

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…CONFIGURING CIRCUIT BOARD
• The installation of new board may require the following:
• Specify COM port for MODEM.
• Specify LPT port for printers.
• Select DMA channels on board.
• Select IRQ lines on the board.
• Select RAM & ROM addresses on the board & load
proper drivers.

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POWER SUPPLY
• The system used to deliver constant DC voltage to electronic circuits is called power supply.
• Normally all PCs are given supply by switch mode power supply(SMPS).
• SMPS are digital in nature, the other Linear mode power supply(LMPS) are based on
transformers.

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INSTALLING POWER SUPPLY
• Steps to install power supply:
• Insert the power supply and secure it to the board.
• Connect it to the motherboard and other devices requiring power.
• Plug in the power cord and check whether all devices are supplied the exact voltage.

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POWER SUPPLY PROBLEMS
Sometimes the power supply capacity is inadequate for system expansions.
Common power problems are as following:
• Lost data on hard disk.
• Damaged chips on circuit boards.
• Random memory errors.
• Frequent automatic booting of the system.
• Freezing up of the computer.

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THANK YOU

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• Corrective maintenance is implemented right
after a defect has been detected on a piece of
equipment or a production line: its objective is
to make the piece of equipment work normally
again, so that it can perform its assigned
function. Corrective maintenance can either
be planned or unplanned depending on
whether or not a maintenance plan has been
created.

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