C. C + v. C - v. V - C.: Ib Physics HL Multiple Choice Review Waves & Vibrations 1
C. C + v. C - v. V - C.: Ib Physics HL Multiple Choice Review Waves & Vibrations 1
1. A sound emitting source moves along a straight line with speed v relative to an observer at rest.
Observer
The speed of sound relative to the medium is c. The observer measures the speed of sound emitted by the
source as
A. c. B. c + v. C. c – v. D. v – c.
(1)
2. The diagram below shows ocean waves incident on a stone barrier protecting boats anchored behind it.
Waves
Boats
Barrier
0
0 t
Which one of the following correctly shows the variation with time t of the displacement dY of particle
Y?
A. dY B. dY
0 0
0 t 0 t
C. dY D. dY
0 0
0 t 0 t
(1)
1
4. The speed of a wave is defined as
A. B.
C. D.
(1)
6. A source of sound moves directly towards a stationary observer. The frequency of the sound detected by
the observer is different from the source frequency because
A. the loudness of the sound increases as the source moves towards the observer.
2
7. A pipe, open at both ends, has a length L. The speed of sound in the air in the pipe is v. The frequency of
vibration of the fundamental (first harmonic) standing wave that can be set up in the pipe is
v L 4v L
A. . B. . C. . D. .
2L 2v L 4v
(1)
8. Two lamps producing light of the same colour are placed close to one another. A two source interference
pattern is not observed because
B. the phase difference between the light from the lamps is continually changing.
C. the intensity of the light emitted by the lamps is not the same.
10. A source of sound emits waves of wavelength λ, period T and speed v when at rest. The source moves
away from a stationary observer at speed V, relative to the observer. The wavelength of the sound waves,
as measured by the observer is
A. λ + vT.
B. λ – vT.
C. λ +VT.
D. λ – VT.
(1)
3
11. Which of the following diagrams best illustrates the diffraction of waves by an obstacle?
A. B.
C. D.
(1)
12. A source S produces sound waves of frequency f and is moving along a straight line as shown below.
I S IV
II III
Which observer I, II, III or IV could hear a sound of frequency f when the source is in the position
shown?
A. I B. II C. III D. IV
(1)
13. In order that the interference between the waves emitted by two light sources can be observed, it is
essential that the sources must emit waves that
B. are in phase.
4
14. Graph P shows how the displacement at one point in a wave varies with time.
Graph Q shows how the displacement in the same wave varies with distance along the wave at one
particular time.
Graph P
displacement
0
0 t1 t2 time
Graph Q
displacement
0
0 x1 x2 x3 distance
Which one of the following expressions gives the speed of the wave?
x1 x2 x 2 x1 x3 x1
A. B. C. D.
t1 t2 t 2 t1 t 2 t1
(1)
15. A string is stretched between two fixed points. The string is plucked at its centre and is seen to vibrate
with frequency f as shown below.
Which one of the following expressions gives the frequencies of other possible modes of vibration that
have an antinode at the centre? The number n in each expression is an integer.
A. nf
B. (2n – 1)f
C. (n – 1)f
D. (n + 1)f
(1)
5
16. Which one of the following diagrams best represents wavefronts produced by a source of sound of
constant frequency as it moves at constant speed towards a stationary observer at O?
A. B.
O O
C. D.
O O
(1)
17. The waves from two light sources meet at a point. Which condition is essential for interference to be
observed?
P
coherent
light
The light from the two slits has equal amplitudes on reaching point P.
Which one of the following gives the change, if any, in the appearance of the bright and the dark fringes
when the amplitude of the light wave from one slit is reduced?
20. For a standing wave, all the particles between two successive nodes have the same
A. amplitude only.
B. frequency only.
21. The diagram below shows two pulses on a string travelling toward each other.
Which of the following diagrams best shows the shape of the string after the pulses have passed through
each other?
A.
B.
C.
D.
(1)
7
22. Two identical sources in a ripple tank generate waves of wavelength λ. The interfering waves produce the
wave pattern shown below.
II
III
IV
Along which of the labelled lines is the path difference between the waves from the sources equal to 1.5
λ?
A. I B. II C. III D. IV
(1)
23. Which one of the following is correct for transfer of energy along a standing wave and for amplitude of
vibration of the standing wave?
24. Two pipes P and Q are of the same length. Pipe P is closed at one end and pipe Q is open at both ends.
The fundamental frequency (first harmonic) of the closed pipe P is 220 Hz.
The best estimate for the fundamental frequency of the open pipe Q is
A. 880 Hz.
B. 440 Hz.
C. 110 Hz.
D. 55 Hz.
(1)
8
25. In order that the light from two sources produces an observable interference pattern, it is necessary that
26. Monochromatic light crosses the boundary between two media. Which of the following quantities is
always the same for the light in both media?
A. Amplitude
B. Frequency
C. Speed
D. Wavelength
(1)
27. A point source is moving at a constant speed in a straight-line towards the right and emits sound waves of
constant frequency. The speed of the source is less than the speed of sound. Which of the diagrams
correctly shows the wavefronts emitted by the source?
A. B.
C. D.
(1)
9
28. The diagram below shows the arrangement for a Young’s double slit experiment.
S1
S2
29. Which one of the following correctly describes the change, if any, in the speed, wavelength and
frequency of a light wave as it passes from air into glass?
10
30. A tube is filled with water and a vibrating tuning fork is held above its open end.
tuning fork
x
water
tap
The tap at the base of the tube is opened. As the water runs out, the sound is loudest when the water level
is a distance x below the top of the tube. A second loud sound is heard when the water level is a distance
y below the top. Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound
produced by the tuning fork?
31. A source S, moving at constant speed, emits a sound of constant frequency. The source passes by a
stationary observer O, as shown below.
Which one of the following shows the variation with time t of the frequency f observed at O as the source
S approaches and passes by the observer.
A. B.
f f
0 0
0 t 0 t
C. D.
f f
0 0
0 t 0 t
(1)
11
32. Water waves of wavelength 2.0 m are produced by two sources S1 and S2. The sources vibrate in phase.
S1 S2
1m 3m
Point P is 1 m from S1 and 3 m from S2. S1 alone and S2 alone each produce a wave of amplitude a at P.
Which one of the following is the amplitude of the resultant wave at point P when S1 and S2 are both
emitting waves?
1
A. 2a B. a C. a D. Zero
2
(1)
33. A source of sound is placed near the open end of a cylindrical tube that lies on a horizontal table. The
tube has some powder sprinkled along its length. The powder collects in piles along the length of the tube
as shown below.
source of sound d
The distance between two consecutive piles of powder is d and the speed of sound in the tube is v. The
frequency of the source is
v v
A. . B. . C. dv. D. 2dv.
2d d
(1)
34. A well-insulated container is divided into two equal volumes by a wall. In one half there is an ideal gas
and the other is a vacuum as shown below.
The wall is now removed. Which one of the following correctly gives the changes, if any, that take place
in the internal energy and entropy of the gas?
D. decreases increases
(1)
12
35. The distance S2N – S1N is equal to
c c f f
A. . B. . C. . D. .
2f f 2c c
(1)
36. A stationary source emits sound of frequency f0. An observer is moving towards the source at constant
speed along the path indicated by the dotted line. The observer passes very close to the source at time T.
stationary source
observer
Which one of the following graphs best shows the variation with time t of the frequency f heard by the
observer?
A. f B. f
f0 f0
T t T t
C. f D. f
f0 f0
T t T t
(1)
37. A police car, sounding its siren, is travelling at constant speed towards a stationary observer. The sound
emitted by the siren is of constant frequency. The frequency of the sound as heard by the observer is
higher than that heard by the driver of the police car. The reason for this is that
A. the wavefronts received by the observer are closer together than the wavefronts received by the
driver.
B. the speed of the wavefronts is greater as measured by the observer than by the driver.
C. the speed of the wavefronts is less as measured by the observer than by the driver.
D. the wavefronts received by the observer are further apart than the wavefronts received by the
driver.
(1)
38. The light waves emitted by two coherent sources overlap and form an observable interference pattern.
The word coherent in this situation means that
B. there is a constant phase difference between the light waves emitted by the sources.
13
39. A vibrating tuning fork is held above the top of a tube that is filled with water. The water gradually runs
out of the tube until a maximum loudness of sound is heard.
Which of the following best shows the standing wave pattern set up in the tube at this position?
A. B. C. D.
(1)
B. Change in frequency of light due to relative motion between the source of light and the observer.
C. Change in observed frequency of light due to relative motion between the source of light and the
observer.
D. Change in observed frequency of light due to change in velocity of the source of light.
(1)
41. In a double-slit experiment using coherent light of wavelength , the central bright fringe is observed on
a screen at point O, as shown below.
P
coherent light
O
wavelength
(not to scale)
At point P, the path difference between light arriving at P from the two slits is 4.
Which of the following correctly describes the observed fringe pattern?
A. bright 3
B. bright 4
C. dark 3
D. dark 4
(1)
14
42. A string with both ends fixed is made to vibrate in the second harmonic mode as shown by the dashed
lines in the diagram below.
P
Q
The solid line shows a photograph of the string at a particular instant of time. Two points on the string
have been marked P and Q.
Which of the following correctly compares both the period of vibration of P and Q and the average speed
of P and Q?
A. same same
B. same different
C. different same
D. different different
(1)
43. The diagram below represents the fundamental (first harmonic) standing wave of sound inside a pipe.
P Q
pipe
Which of the following correctly represents the displacement of the air at P and Q?
P Q
A.
B.
C.
D.
(1)
15
44. Which statement is true for standing (stationary) waves?
45. A stationary source of sound emits waves of wavelength λ, period T and speed V. The source now moves
with speed v in a straight line away from a stationary observer.
What are the wavelength and the speed of the wave as detected by the observer?
wavelength speed
A. λ V+v
B. λ – vT V
C. λ V–v
D. λ + vT V
(1)
46. Which two conditions are necessary for observable interference between two light beams?
T B
A U C
At the instant shown, point T is moving downwards. Which arrow gives the direction of movement of
point U at this instant?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
(1)
16
48. The diagrams below show two standing wave patterns that are set up in a stretched string fixed at both
ends. The frequency of pattern 1 is f1 and that of pattern 2 is f2.
pattern 1 frequency f1
pattern 2 frequency f2
f1
The ratio is
f2
1 2
A. . B. . C. 3. D. 6.
3 3
(1)
49. Sound of a constant frequency f0 is being emitted by a sound source. An observer O travels in the
direction shown at a speed of 0.1 v where v is the speed of sound.
observer
O
sound source
Which of the following gives the relationship between f0 and the frequency f of observed sound?
A. f = 1.1f0
C. f = 0.9f0
50. The two graphs show the variation with time of the individual displacements of two waves as they pass
through the same point.
The tap at the base of the tube is opened. As the water runs out, the sound is loudest when the water level
is a distance x below the top of the tube. A second loud sound is heard when the water level is a distance
y below the top. Which of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound
produced by the tuning fork?
A. =y
B. = 2x
C. =y−x
D. = 2(y − x)
(1)
52. A source S, moving at constant speed, emits a sound of constant frequency. The source passes by a
stationary observer O, as shown below.
Which of the following shows the variation with time t of the frequency f observed at O as the source S
approaches and passes by the observer?
(1)
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MARK SCHEME!
1. A
[1]
2. C
[1]
3. A
[1]
4. C
[1]
5. A
[1]
6. D
[1]
7. A
[1]
8. B
[1]
9. A
[1]
10. C
[1]
11. B
[1]
12. B
[1]
13. D
[1]
14. C
[1]
15. B
[1]
16. A
[1]
17. A
[1]
18. C
19. A
[1]
20. B
[1]
21. B
[1]
22. C
[1]
23. B
[1]
24. B
[1]
25. D
[1]
26. B
[1]
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27. B
[1]
28. C
[1]
29. A
[1]
30. D
[1]
31. C
[1]
32. A
[1]
33. A
[1]
34. B
[1]
35. B
[1]
36. A
[1]
37. A
[1]
38. B
[1]
39. C
[1]
40. C
[1]
41. B
[1]
42. B
[1]
43. A
[1]
44. D
[1]
45. D
[1]
46. A
[1]
47. D
[1]
48. A
[1]
491. B
[1]
50. B
[1]
51. D
[1]
52. C
[1]
20