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Java

This document discusses Java programming language. It provides properties of Java including being simpler than C++ as it removes pointers, being object-oriented, distributed, robust, secure, system independent, portable, interpreted, high performance, and supports multithreading. It compares Java to C++, noting differences like Java being purely object-oriented while C++ allows programs without classes/objects, Java not having pointers or requiring manual memory management, Java not supporting operator overloading or multiple inheritance. It also lists the different editions of Java and provides an example Java program to print text.

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ozairsaiyed
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29 views

Java

This document discusses Java programming language. It provides properties of Java including being simpler than C++ as it removes pointers, being object-oriented, distributed, robust, secure, system independent, portable, interpreted, high performance, and supports multithreading. It compares Java to C++, noting differences like Java being purely object-oriented while C++ allows programs without classes/objects, Java not having pointers or requiring manual memory management, Java not supporting operator overloading or multiple inheritance. It also lists the different editions of Java and provides an example Java program to print text.

Uploaded by

ozairsaiyed
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java

Properties of Java
 Simpler ( as pointer is removed)
 OOP language
 Distributive
 Robust
 System Secure Language
 System Independent
 Portability
 Interpreted
 High Performance
 Multithreading
 Dynamic

Difference between Java & C++


Java is also a Object Oriented Language, but some differences are there.

C++ Java
C++ is not pure OOP language, But Java is purely OOP language,
because in C++, the program is because in java without classes &
written without classes & objects. objects, program cannot be written.
In C++, pointer is available. But in Java, there is no pointer.
Its programmer’s responsibility to But in Java, allocation & deallocation
allocate & deallocate the memory. of memory is done by JVM(Java
Virtual Machine).
In C++ multiple inheritance is But in Java, Multiple inheritance is not
available. available, but its achieved in another
way.
Operator overloading is there. No operator overloading available.
In C++, 3 access specifiers are there, In Java, 4 access specifiers are there,
public, private, protected. private, public, protected, default.
In C++, there are constructor & But in Java only constructor is
destructor. available, but destructor is not.

Various Editions in Java


• Java SE (Standard Edition)
• Java ME (Mobile Edition)
• Java EE (Enterprise Edition)
Editor in java
cd\java\bin\Edit

Setting path in Java


Right click My Computer Properties Advance Tab Environment
Variables System Variable.

New Class path


Variable Value C:\java\j2sdk1.6\lib;
Path .;C:/java/j2sdk1.6/bin;
(.;) it stores the old(previous) path also.

Program 1.

class Test
{
public static void main(String [] args)
{
System.out.println(“Hello user \n”);
System.out.println(“Welcome to Java \n”);
}
}

Naming Convention in Java


 Packages are in small letters.

Eg: java.awt
java.io
java.swing

 Classes & interfaces names starts with capital letters

Eg: String
System
ActionListener

 The first word of method name is in small letters, then from second
word onwards, each new word will start with capital letter.

println();
readLine();
getNumberInstance();

Its known as camel notation

 The naming convention for variable is same as method

Eg: age
empName
employee_Net_Sal

 Constraints represents fixed values that can’t be altered, such


constants are represented by using capital letters.

PI
MAX_VALUE
Font.BOLD (Font is a class)

 All keywords should be written by using all small letters

Eg: public, static, void

Data types in Java


1. Primitive – Built in
(i) Numeric
(a) Integer
• Byte
• Short
• Int
• Long
(b)Real
• Double
• Float
(ii) Non-Numeric
(a) Char
(b)Boolean
2. Non-Primitive – user Defined
(i) Classes
(ii) Array
(iii) Interfaces

Ranges
Datatype Size in byte Range
Byte 1 -128 to 127
Short 2 -32768 to 32767
Int 4 -2147483648 to 2147483647
Long 8 -9223,372,036,854,775,808 to
9223,372,036,854,775,807
Float 4 -3.4x1038 to 3.4x1038
Double 8 -1.7x10308 to 1.7x10308
Char 2 0 to 65535
Boolean 1 True or False

Type Conversion is done by complier


&
Type Casting is done by programmer

Type Conversion
1. Implicit Conversion

ByteShortCharIntLongFloatDouble

2. Explicit Conversion or typecasting

ByteShortCharIntLongFloatDouble

Rule for implicit conversion

1. Value must belong to the same family, one value can be countable to
the others.

boolean a; or int x;
a=1; x=true;

2. Value on the right handside of an assignment operator, must be larger


or equal to variable on left handside of assignment operator.

byte a=10;
int b;
b=a;

Explicit type conversion syntax

• Variable1 = <datatype>Variable2;
Eg: int a = 10;
byte = b;
b = (byte) a;

3. Every real constant (decimal) is double by default

float a;
a = 11.9; // error will occur, as it takes only double
a = (float) 11.9;
or a = 11.9f; // suffix expression

 Byte to Char conversion is possible

byte a = 10;
char ch;
ch = a;

Only byte is automatically converted into char, no other datatype can be


automatically converted into character.

short a = 10; int a;


char ch; char ch;
 ch = a;  ch = a;
 ch = (char) a;  ch = (char) a;

char ch;
ch = 10; (Constant can be converted into char)

Type conversion in expression

byte a = 10;
byte b = 10’
byte c;
 c = a+b;
 c = byte(a+b);

Program 2.

WAP to print the value of variable or expressions ( WAP to add 2 numbers)

class Add
{
public static void main(String [] args)
{
int a =10, b = 5, c;
c = a+b;
System.out.println(“answer is = “+c);
}
}

Program 3.

WAP to calculate area & circumference of circle, given its radius, assume
that radius to be an int variable.

class Circle
{
public static void main(String [] args)
{
int r = 5, a, c
a = Math.PI * Math.pow(r,2);
c = 2*Math.PI*r;
System.out.println(“area = “+a);
System.out.println(“circumference = ”+c);
}
}

Operators

1. Shorthand  += , - = , *= , /= , %=
2. Arithmetic  + , - , * , / , %
3. Relational  > , < , >= , <= , == , !=
4. Logical  && , || , 1 , 0
5. Increment or Decrement  + + , - -

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