FUTSAL:

Technical & Tactical

Concepts

Dr. Daniel Berdejo-del-Fresno

Jonathan Steel
David Jennings

Preface by Vava Marques

Prologue by Guillermo Wallace


FUTSAL:
Technical & Tactical
Concepts

by Dr. Daniel Berdejo-del-Fresno

Jonathan Steel
&
David Jennings

Published in 2015 by Asociación Didáctica Andalucía (Spain).

Copyright © Asociación Didáctica Andalucía 2015

Daniel Berdejo-del-Fresno, Jonathan Steel and David Jennings have asserted their right under
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988 to be identified as the authors of this book.

ISBN: 978-84-939866-5-0

This book is being offered for educational and information purposes only. Please consult your
doctor before performing any physical activity or starting any athletic training programme.
None of the authors accept responsability for any issues arising from following the advice
presented in this book.

This book is free and we hope you consider sharing it with the world. Please do so under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence 3.0. Thank you.

Published by Asociación Didáctica Andalucía (Spain)

a.d.andalucia@hotmail.com

Cover image and book design by Dr. Daniel Berdejo-del-Fresno. Cover photography from
PFL International Challenge in Dr. Pepper Arena (Dallas, 13th March 2015) during the match
between FC Barcelona and PFL Team USA.

Pictures in pages 26, 28, 29 and 33 designed by:

Samantha Cox
Stationery Express (South Yorkshire) Ltd.
Venture One, Longacre Close, Holbrook Industrial Estate, Sheffield, S20 3FR.

Authors’ Note
This futsal book has been developed as a resource to support coaches in a school or club
environment.

It is also appropriate for teachers who may wish to use them as an aid when planning and
delivering lessons.

The futsal book shows basic technical and tactical coaching elements that every futsal
player should know.

The main aim of the futsal book is to introduce a new, exciting sport and develop new skills
to both novices and experienced, traditional footballers. The book focuses on the basic
individual and team aspects, both attacking and defending, that are needed to understand,
enjoy and play futsal. In addition, it is aimed at English-speaking coaches who do not have
access to futsal material in Spanish, Portuguese or Italian.

Acknowledgements
I would like to start these acknowledgements thanking to my two co-authors of this
book. This project could not have been finished without your help. Your contributions
to this book have been inmense, and you never gave up when the book’s publication
was delayed so many times.

Also, I would like to thank to: Eamonn Chapman, Neto Ferrarini, Curtis Holmes,
Demir Kurtovic, Ryon Leyshon, Richard Moore, Thomas Msadala, Bruno
Nascimento, Adam Oldham, Joel Rocha, Geovany Simoes, Toluwa Sotonye, Jonny
Steel, Ryan Tate, Michael Vasilides, Richard Ward, Oliver Wheatly-O’Neil and Mark
England-Woodcock. You were my first ever players at Sheffield FC Futsal. What you
achieved was unreal and it will be in my heart for ever. This project started with you.
Thank you!

Vava Marques and Guillermo Wallace, you two do deserve a mention here too. You
believed in this project since the beginning even with all the problems and the almost
18-month delay that we have had and you accepted to write the preface and
prologue for me. I owe you one. Gracias amigos!

Finally, big thanks to Asociación Didáctica Andalucía, my publisher, without whom

there would be no book.

Daniel

Thanks to Daniel and Jonathan for helping me get involved with the project and
everyone I have had the pleasure of playing with at Team Bath, West London and
England for helping me be part of this great sport.

Dave

7
8


About the Authors

Dr. Daniel Berdejo-del-Fresno is a Sports
Researcher/Sport Scientist/S&C Coach/PE
Teacher/Multisport coach and of course,
futsal coach living in Loughborough. He holds
a Degree in Physical Education Teaching and
a Degree in Exercise & Sport Science. He
has also completed an MPhil in Sport
Performance with his research
“Anthropometric and physical condition
changes in season for talented tennis
players”. In addition, he has just finished his
PhD at Manchester Metropolitan University
(UK) and the University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) with his Thesis: “Body
composition, fitness level and training load controlled through the BATLOC tool in
British female basketball players”.

His academic and theoretical education may be of the highest quality, but that does
not mean he has neglected the practical side of sport. Daniel has professional
experience in elite-performance athletics, cycling, tennis, basketball, football and
futsal. He has been a keen runner since he was ten years old; he currently runs for
Spanish and English athletics clubs and very regularly participates in national races
both in Spain and the UK. His tennis experience in Spain involved working as a
strength and conditioning (S&C) coach in the Aragonese Tennis Federation Sports
Centre. As for basketball, he has worked as a lead strength and conditioning coach
for several Spanish teams, in particular Alta Gestión Fuenlabrada S.A.D. – an ACB
League Basketball Team (the highest basketball division in the country).

Daniel also has diverse professional experience in England. He was the S&C Coach
of Manchester Mystics Women’s Basketball Club, Leeds Carnegie Women’s
Basketball Club, and the North West U17 Women’s Basketball Team (the Regional
Squad Performance Team) for two years. In addition he has planned, designed and
implemented several personal training sessions for many England U18, Great Britain
U20 and Great Britain Senior female basketball players. He has also worked as a
S&C coach for the Great Britain U20 Women’s Basketball Team at the European
Championships in 2009. Since autumn 2012 he has restarted his involvement with
England Basketball and Great Britian Basketball as a S&C coach for the England
U15 Girls Development Squad and the U13 Girls North West Regional Performance
Centre.

With an interest in exploring new fields, he started to work as the S&C Coach for
Manchester Futsal Club in 2010, and the next season he became the Goalkeeper

Coach and Assistant Coach in addition to his position as the S&C Coach. Finally,
since May 2011 he has been working as the Sport Scientist for the England Futsal
National Teams (both Senior and Development Squads). In 2012 he was appointed
Sport Scientist for the England National Beach Soccer Team. For the season 2012-
2013, he was appointed Head Coach for Sheffield FC Futsal Club and he re-signed
for a further season. In January 2014 he was appointed Head Coach for the
University of Salford Futsal Club until the end of the season. During the summer of
2014, Daniel went to San Francisco (USA) to work as a Sport Scientist and Soccer
Coach for Juventus Soccer Club U18 Academy and Stanford United Soccer Club.
After that experience, he accepted the role of Head of Coaching & Sports Science at
the International Futsal Academy in Loughborough. Finally, he has also been the
S&C Coach Consultant for Gillingham Football Club (Npower Football League 2) and
Workington Association Football Club (Blue Square Bet North). In March 2015, he
was appointed Assistant Coach and Sport Scientist for the PFL Team USA in the
PFL International Challenge in Dallas against Mexico and FC Barcelona. In summer
he travelled to San Francisco again to work for World United Futsal Academy and
Stanford United Soccer Club.

He likes keeping up to date by reading new articles and new research developed in
the area of physical condition, performance and rehabilitation. So far, he has
attended over 60 CPD courses and conferences, written almost 50 articles in
international peer reviewed journals – including a book – and delivered over 25 talks,
including some guest lectures at Salford University, Leeds Metropolitan University,
the University of Rome (Italy) and Spanish sport organisations. Obviously, as he is
not working for a research centre, all his studies, papers, abstracts, books and
conferences are completed through his own initiative. His clear interest in learning
and developing his skills led him to start the blog “Simply Sport”
(http://danielberdejodelfresno.blogspot.com) where he shares all his articles, papers,
books, knowledge and experiences with the simple objectives of trying to improve
our sport and helping other coaches, sport scientists, researchers, etc. His hard work
paid off when the American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine appointed him
as a Chief Guest Editor for a special issue about futsal, which was published in
March 2014.

10


Jonathan Steel holds a degree in Sports Coaching

from Sheffield Hallam University. The degree focused
on a number of aspects relating to sports coaching
such as Performance Analysis, S&C and
Fundamentals.

Jonathan began coaching tennis at the age of 12,

volunteering at Sheffield’s leading tennis centre. He
quickly developing a passion for coaching and began
to study for recognised qualifications. At 16 he
successfully acquired his FA level 1 coaching award in
football before following this up with his LTA level one
coaching award in tennis. Jonathan then completed
his level 1 coaching award in Badminton, aiding his
local club whilst also competing for his county.

Having played tennis from a young age and having

developed a passion for the sport it was a natural
progression for him to work towards his level 2
coaching award in the sport. Jonathan combined a
degree alongside a variety of coaching awards, which
allowed him to develop his knowledge and confidence
when delivering coaching sessions and imparting his
knowledge onto others. Next on the journey was his
FA level 2 coaching award in football, which was the culmination of 3 years of
university study.

Jonathan’s first step into Futsal was at the age of 17, playing in Sheffield’s local
league at the Sheffield United Academy on astroturf. He quickly developed a passion
for the sport and approached his local FA about playing at a higher level. He joined
Sheffield and Hallamshire Futsal club who were competing in the National Futsal
League and initially learnt the game through the guidance of a Brazilian coach, who
was supported by county FA coaches. He also had the opportunity to train alongside
England international futsal players.

Having played in the National Futsal League for 7 years, Jonathan has accumulated
a number of successes in the Northern Division as well as playing and scoring in the
Grand Final.

Jonathan has learnt vast amounts about the game over the years from coaches from
Brazil, Holland and Spain as well as the current England national coaching team.

His keen interest and passion have brought him to this point and remain with him to
this day as he continues to compete for Sheffield F.C in the current National Futsal
League.

11


David Jennings first kicked a futsal ball at the age

of 18 whilst studying at the University of Bath and
instantly fell in love with the game. Since then he
has played in the 1st Division Midlands League for
Team Bath (now Bristol City Futsal Club) and 1st
Division Southern League for West London, and has
over 25 caps and 6 goals for England.

With Team Bath, David captained the side for 3

seasons, leading the University side to 2 British
Universities (BUCS) silver medals and 2 European
University competitions in Podgorica, Montenegro
and Tampere, Finland. He was part of the side that
qualified for the 2011-2012 Grand Finals and won
the 2012-2013 Midlands League. He was called up
to the first ever England Development Squad in
early 2011 and received his first call up to the
England first team in January 2012. His first cap
came against Denmark in May the same year. He
was part of the first England side to ever qualify from
a preliminary round qualifying stage when they beat Lithuania and Cyprus in January
2013 to play in the main round qualifiers in Erzurum, Turkey that year.

A move to West London in the Southern League for the 2013-2014 proved
successful as David captained the side to its first ever top 4-finish and qualification
for that year’s Super League, where the team narrowly missed out on a place in that
season’s Grand Finals. David also led the team to its first FA Cup finals that same
season.

As a translator, combining his love of Spanish and futsal allowed him to interpret for
the legendary Spanish World-Cup winning coach Javier Lozano at the Football
Association’s Futsal Conference ‘A Catalyst for Change’. He hopes to have helped
and continue helping the development of the “beautiful little game” in England.

12


Preface
This book will help you to understand the basics and
the foundations of futsal from a developing point of
view to a competitive stage. It does not matter if you
are a novice coach or an expert because the book
covers both ends of the spectrum. This book is not a
book of exercises, tasks or drills. It is a book of
knowledge. Daniel and his collaborators want to
spread out the main technical, tactical, physical, social
and mental concepts to play futsal in the right way.

Futsal is a great sport that is growing a lot; however, in

some countries it is still at a very early stage and
therefore the participation, the infrastructure, the
organisation, the level and of course the coaching
need to be improved. Improving the quality of coaching
is so important in order to develop better and more intelligent players, to develop our
future football superstars like Neymar, Ronaldinho, Messi, Pele, Falcao, Marta, Xavi,
Zidane... and therefore the overall level of the game. However, in countries like the
UK or USA, where the main population does not speak Spanish, Portuguese or
Italian, it is difficult for the coaches to acquire the required futsal knowledge due to
the lack of resources in English. That is the reason that led the authors to write the
book. Also, that is the reason why the authors decided to publish it in an online
format and completely free: to reach as many readers as possible.

To sum up, with the Professional Futsal League kicking off next year in the USA, I
hope that this book also helps to increase the awareness of this fantastic sport and
hopefully other countries in the world like England will try to do something similar in
the near future.

It is an honour for me and the World United Academy to be asked to write this
preface and present the book to you. I hope this book will help to increase futsal
participation and quality in the San Francisco Bay Area, the whole USA, England
and the whole world. I really recommend all futsal coaches to read it as I am pretty
sure you will get something from it. Have a nice read, enjoy the book!

Friends forever!

Vava Marques

USA Futsal Assistant Coach

World United Futsal Academy Founder & Director of Coaching

Stanford United Soccer Club

13


14


Prologue
When my friend Daniel Berdejo-del-Fresno asked me to write a prologue for his
book, I was delighted as it allowed me to be part of this excellent project.

I have only been in the futsal world for a short while but thanks to the sport I have
had the opportunity to meet great people such as Daniel, Jonathan and Dave.

In this book they discuss attacking situations, defending principles, attacking and
defending using the power play, movement patterns and formations, set pieces
including basic corners, and much more. I hope that this book will help futsal
coaches see the sport in a new light – completely different from how most people
typically see it. I am impressed by Daniel’s efforts, especially as he has carried out
this work in another country and in a language that is not his own (for which he
deserves even more credit).
I hope this book is the first of
many more.

Now, Danny, I have the

opportunity to thank you for
all you have done for me
without anything in return.
You know that you are a
very important person for me
besides being one of the
best sport scientists in futsal.
I wish you all the best with
this book and with your
future plans in the futsal
world.

Daniel, a big hug from your

friend!

Jonathan is a great example

for every single player in the
sport world. He showed his
commitment to a club,
Sheffield FC Futsal, even
when he was not playing
many minutes. Jonny did not
have a lot of court time in the
2011-2012 season; however,
he did not miss a single training session. The following year, under Daniel, he was

15


a key player in the most successful season for Sheffield FC Futsal. During the
2013-2014 season, Daniel, his technical staff and the Sheffield FC Futsal players
showed him how important he is for the team when he was offered the captain’s
armband. He led the team (in a transitional period) to a final, winner-takes-all
match to win the League for the second consecutive season. Jonny also received
his first England Development Futsal Squad call-up that season.

Jonny’s abilities to read the game, play the ball, defend and lead the team were
recognised, his hard work paid off and his progression in 2 seasons has been
amazing. This has been helped by his commitment and efforts in training.

I think Jonny is a great example for the generations to come and I hope to see
you very soon next to me wearing the Three Lions Shirt.

Last, but not least, Dave. What can I say about

Dave?

He is my mate, a good friend, and he helped me

a lot with the language when I started playing for
England.

I love being on court with him because I know

that he will give everything he has inside. His
intensity, desire and attitude are what are
required to play futsal at the highest level. I feel
confident when he is on court.

But most importantly, he is also a good man off

court. His honesty is something that it is very
difficult to find these days in this crazy world. My
friend Dave is an example to others.

Outside futsal, he has worked very hard to obtain

a degree, to learn different languages and to find
a good job.

Eres un gran ejemplo para todos, y te deseo lo

mejor en la vida.

Daniel, Jonny and Dave thanks a lot for giving

me the opportunity to write this.

Guillermo Wallace

Futsal Player for Real Betis FSN (Spain) and England Futsal.

16


17


18


Table of Contents

Technical Coaching Team Tactics in

Attack

Defensive Tactics for Coaching Futsal to

Players Children

Team Tactics in The 25 Rules for the

Defence Futsal Player

Individual Tactics in References

Attack

19


20


Diagram Key

Team A

Team A Goalkeeper

Opposition

Opposition Goalkeeper

Pass of the Ball

Lofted Pass

Player movement

Ball

21


22


1
Technical Coaching

23


1. Shooting
The contact points that we usually have in futsal are:

1) Foot:

1. Side of foot

2. Internal instep

3. External instep

4. Full instep

5. Toes / toe cap

2) Head:

1. Forehead

2. Parietal (right and left) / sides of head

In general, the key points that we have to take into account are:

a) In any shot, the planted leg should be semiflexed.

b) With the exception of the external instep shot:

i. The follow through aims towards the target.

ii. The planted foot is:

• Pointed towards the target.

• Planted to the side of the ball.

b) The body’s momentum is forwards.

24


The other key aspects to consider are shown in the next table (Beltrán, 1991):

Position on Contact with

Contact Point Starting Position Planted foot
ball

Foot of striking leg at 90º

In line with the ball
Toe cap 25 cm apart Fingers semiflexed inward
and target
Body slightly forward

In line with the ball Turn pelvis outward

Inside 10 cm apart
and target Body almost vertical

In line with the ball, Angle of foot greater than 90º

Full instep slightly displaced 35-40 cm apart Body and planted leg leaning
towards planted leg slightly forwards

Contact in the middle of the

Slightly towards ball
Internal instep 30-40 cm apart
planted leg Body planted leg leaning
slightly forwards

50 cm apart Contact ball at 35-40º on

Slightly behind the exterior of ball on the
Slightly towards ball opposite side to the striking
External instep leg
kicking leg
Direction slightly out
of line with the Body leaning towards kicking
shooting line leg

Table 1: Beltrán (1991),

At this point, only three aspects will be mentioned:

a) When we are waiting for the ball, we should have our legs open and arms
flexed, away from the body.

b) Before heading the ball, we must lean our torso slightly backward.

c) At the moment of heading the ball, the body must be leaning forwards and
follow through towards the target.

25


Shoot - Toe Poke

Shooting in Futsal differs to football

where the ball is struck with the
'laces' when shooting at goal. In
Futsal, players use their toes to
shoot, like a 'Toe Punt'

Coaching Objectives

• Pull the leg back as you

would in Football to take a
shot on goal
• Make contact with the ball
with the toes, trying to make
contact with the ball in the
middle of the ball. This will
ensure power and will see
the ball move through the
air with speed
• The technique is very much
a ‘Quick Snap’ action with
the shooting leg.

Why use the toes?

• To catch the Goalkeeper off

guard because using the
toes to shoot is difficult to
anticipate
• The player can shoot with
minimal leg take back so the
shot is very disguised
• The ball moves through the air quicker when using the toes

Key Coaching Points

Contact the ball in the middle

Maintain a strong ankle when striking the ball

Use a quick leg movement

When practicing it with children that have hurt themselves and are scared it is
good piece of advice to tell them to semiflex their fingers.

26


2. Controlling
The types of control can be categorised as follows:

i. Classic:

• Stop: The ball is completely stopped.

• Semi-stop: The ball changes direction and slows down.

• Absorption: The ball continues in the same direction, but

its speed decreases.

ii. Oriented control: change the ball’s (and often the player’s)
direction to transition quickly into the next move.

Notes:

- It is important to practise controlling the ball at different heights and

with different parts of the foot, as well as the thighs and chest.

- Children should learn to control the ball with the inside of the foot for
balls coming from one side and at a medium height.

- Balls dropping from high are more easily controlled with the thigh than
the foot, but it is good to practise both.

- For balls controlled with the sole of the foot, it is important to remember:

1) To point the toes upward and the heel towards the ground in
order to trap the ball with the sole of the foot by placing the
foot above the ball (see next section).

2) The sole is useful for balls travelling along the ground, but it is
not recommended for when the ball is bouncing or the pass
has been scuffed by a teammate.

3) The sole is not appropriate for all balls travelling along the
ground. However, it is particularly useful for balls coming from
directly in front of you.

4) Controlling the ball with your sole gives you the chance to
perform an oriented control and link it with the next action (see
roll control section).

27


Sole Control

In pairs, passing backwards and forwards

over a distance of around 8 metres,
ensuring control of the ball is done with
the sole of the foot. Try to become
accustomed and comfortable with
controlling the ball with the sole of the
foot, the most important technique in
Futsal.

How to achieve the coaching

objectives

• Trap the ball with the sole of the

foot by placing the foot above the
ball
• Point the toes upward and the heel
toward the ground
• This will wedge the ball under the
sole
• Continue the passing, with time it
will become natural

Why use the sole of the foot?

• Protects the ball from the

opponent. Ensures close control
and prevents opponents being
able to gain possession because
the ball is trapped safely under the
foot.
• Keeps the ball under full control and allows the player to look up and find a
pass knowing the ball is safe under the foot.
• Sole control prevents the ball escaping from the player which is important
when playing on an enclosed Futsal Pitch

Key Coaching Points

Trap the ball with the sole

Protect the ball

Always know where the ball is

28


Roll Control (also one of many ‘Oriented’ controls)

Passing in pairs again approximately 8 metres apart, using the sole of the foot again
to control the ball, roll the foot over the ball and across the front of the body. This
technique should be one smooth movement; it allows the ball to be moved into
space whilst still being under complete control. The pass is then played with the
opposite foot to the foot that is being used to control the ball.

Coaching Objectives

• The standing back leg needs to be strong and is key to balancing and giving
the player a strong base to control the ball
• Trap the ball with the sole of the foot

29


• In the same movement roll the ball across the front of the body for example
right to left
• Complete the skill by passing the ball back with the opposite foot to the one
that controlled the ball

Why use the roll control?

• Caters to a team playing a quick playing style

• The roll across the body moves the ball away from the opponent
• Rolling the ball into space offers the player more options

Key Coaching Points

A strong standing leg creates a strong base for balance

Roll the ball across the body with speed

Roll the ball away from the opponent

30


3. Driving/Running with the ball

There are many variations and possibilities; therefore we will give just a
couple of points to take into account:

- Different variations can be developed but, at a grassroots levels, it may

just be enough for children to play, and advice and suggestions are
given to those who need them.

- It is very often the case that, until children are confident enough, they
run with their head down to look at the ball. They should be told to look
down but keep their head up. This way, they will be able to look at the
ball without missing what is happening in front of them.

31


4. Passing
- The main problem we have when we work with children is that they
tend to make weak passes. It is essential that this is corrected right
from the start: passes must be firm and travel at the right speed.
Another aspect that must be avoided is the occasional use of the toe
poke, which means they cannot properly control the direction of the ball.

- Limiting the number of passes that can be made (always giving the
players enough time and space to complete successful passes) is a
good method of coaching this technical content.

- As the children improve, other good coaching methods include:

1) Compulsory movement after passing the ball. In futsal, players

have to move after passing the ball to gain space (this
movement can even be a feint to create some space from the
defender).

2) Limiting the number of touches. Control with one foot and pass
with the other or control and pass with the same foot,
depending on the focus of the session and aim of the drill.

32


Loft Pass

Working in pairs standing approximately 8 metres apart from each other passing to
one another again using the loft pass technique. Control of the ball is done with the
sole. The lofted pass is done through the air rather than across the ground. The pass
doesn't need to be too far above head height.

Coaching Objectives

• Control the ball with the sole of the foot

• Place toes under the ball
• Lift toes and foot slightly
• In one motion loft/flick the ball vertically
• The pass does not need to go too far above head height

Why use the loft pass?

• The pitch is so small that often passes along the floor are intercepted. The loft
pass is often the best option
• The loft pass down the line creates attacking opportunities, often finding the
player receiving the pass with a shooting opportunity
• It is an innovative method of passing the ball and allows players to express
themselves.

33


Key Coaching Points

Place toes underneath the ball

Aim to keep the ball slightly above head height

Flick the ankle to generate aerial ball trajectory

34


5. Dribbling
We will only mention one area here because there are infinite ways to dribble. As
children grow up and develop their ability, it is a good idea to add difficulty in
terms of increasing the number of opponents and introducing the idea that
dribbling must be followed by another action immediately after: either finishing
with a shot on goal or passing to a teammate.

35


6. Goalkeepers
At the start, all the players should train and play in all positions, including as a
goalkeeper. This is for several reasons:

- To avoid an early specialisation that prevents their development in

other areas, since child goalkeepers often change their mind and after
several years as goalkeepers they want to play as outfield players. If a
coach has taught players about every position, it will be easier to adapt
to that change.

- If all players know about each playing position and the rotations
required at each position, it will improve both the understanding of a
teammate’s mistake and the ability to adapt to the different situations in
a game.

- Where FIFA rules state that goalkeepers can come out of their goal
and play with their feet, the goalkeeper will benefit by also training and
playing as another outfield player.

Having said that, specific goalkeeper training must cover the following aspects:

A. Offensive actions: throwing and passing. Although the ball may be too big for
their hands, goalkeepers should practise the handball throwing style. When
throwing the ball to a teammate, goalkeepers must be taught to bend down at
the knees to keep the ball close to the floor since that will help their
teammates to control the ball more easily and move it on more quickly. For
this type of throw, goalkeepers should move as close to the outfield player in
question as possible because otherwise this benefits the defence. That does
not mean the goalkeeper always has to play to the closest player.

B. Defensive actions:

a. With the ball:

i. Blocks, shot stopping and diving.

ii. Foot save and ‘K’ or cross position.

b. Without the ball: position in the goal.

i. Goalkeeper should be, in theory, equidistant between the posts.

ii. Younger goalkeepers often do not move forward but wait for the
attacker or until the ball reaches their feet. They must
understand that they should come out and meet the ball. When
their team is attacking they have to adopt a position higher up
the pitch in order to avoid counterattacks and easy goals.

36


iii. When they are experienced and big enough, they have to
understand that for some corners and kick-ins they do not have
to position themselves square on to the ball but at an angle, just
in case there is a pass to the back post. This way they will be
able to recover their position more quickly. They must turn their
head to the ball, but not their body.

37



2
Defensive Tactics
for
Players

39


1. Recovery runs
These are the runs made by players of a team that has lost possession of the ball;
the aim is to recover as soon as possible in order to take up an original or
established defensive position. It can be an individual recovery, if only one player
runs back (see next diagram). In the diagram below, we want our number 4, the back
man to recover and take up his natural position. Although the team may still be
pressing, it is number 4 who recovers rather than the ‘winger’, number 3, who is the
deepest player in this scenario.

Diagram 1: Invididual recovery.

A recovery can also be collective if performed by two or more players. In this case, it
is better for the players to adopt specific positions in order to defend the next attack.

Diagram 2: Collective recovery.

40


There are two types of recovery run depending on the defensive strategy being used
on court and two types of recovery run depending on the position of the players:
intensive or non-intensive (defensive strategy being used) and positional or non-
positional (position of the players). The ‘intensive’ recovery run occurs when the
team loses the ball close to the opposition’s goal and our initial strategy is defending
on half way line. Players should recover quickly before the opposition organises the
attack. Non-intensive occurs if the team is pressing and we lose the ball close to the
opposition’s area; as we are pressing full court, small recovery runs and
readjustments from 1 or 2 players will be enough. A positional recovery run means
that each player recovers their original defensive position and the non-positional
means that each player takes the closest or most recommended defensive position.

41


2. Delaying a counter-attack
These are all the actions that are made in order to gain some time and slow down
the opposition’s counter attack.

4 1

Diagram 3: Defensive timing or delay.

In this scenario, number 2 tried to pass the ball to number 1; however, the pass was
intercepted. In this situation, number 2 is the closest player to the ball and therefore
presses the opponent with the ball to try and delay the attack. This gives his
teammates more time to recover their positions. In this diagram, we can see two
tactical elements: the delaying of the counter attack by player number 2 and the
recovery made by the goalkeeper and players 1, 3 and 4.

42


3. Cover
Cover is preventive defensive action that involves taking up a position on court that
will help a teammate if he is beaten by either the player he is marking or the ball.
When covering, there are some aspects that must be taken into account:

a) Position on the court

b) The speed of the opposition player

c) The technical attributes of the opposition player

d) Position of the opposition players that are not on

the ball

e) Position of one’s own teammates

There are three different types of covers:

1) Cover given to a defender

Diagram 4: Cover a defender.

Player 2 is ready to defend against the attacking player with the ball in the event that
the attacking player beats player 1.

43


2) Covering the defensive line

4 1

Diagram 5: Cover the defensive.

Player 4 takes a position where he can help any of his teammates from the
defensive line ahead of him.

3) Staggered Cover

4
3

Diagram 6: Staggered cover.

Player 2 adopts a position in which he can help player 1. Player 3 is ready to help
player 2 or player 1 if needed.

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4. Exchange/Switch
The defensive exchange, or switch, allows us to take the position of the teammate
that provided us with cover and/or pick up his man when he covers us, in the event
we are beaten by our own opposite number.

Diagram 7: Exchange.

When player 1 is beaten, player 2 will take his teammate’s position and/or mark his
man depending on how the play develops.

45


5. Marking
Effective Marking prevents the opposition from receiving or playing the ball. The
main aim is to neutralise the opposition’s offensive threat. There are two types of
marking:

a) Individual: each defender takes responsibility for one attacker.

b) Zonal: the defender or defenders take responsibility for a specific area of

the court and mark the attacker in that area.

Individual marking can be:

a) Contact Marking: When there is physical contact and manoeuvring to

create space – a ‘battle’ between a marker and his opponent.

4
2

Diagram 8: Marking.

Defenders are usually in permanent contact with their opponents, which enables
them to mark effectively as they can watch the ball and have their oppononent under
control.

b) Inter-positional Marking: In this scenario, the defender marks the opponent

by blocking any passing lines, positioning himself between his marker and
the ball.

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4 1

Diagram 9: Inter-positional marking.

This tactic is recommended when the attacking player with the ball is in a central
position or when the pivot is near the goalkeeper’s ‘D’. The main objective of this
type of marking is to deter the attacker from making a threatening pass, as it makes
it a riskier option. It is almost impossible to beat the back man because there is no
space to do it and the cover from the goalkeeper provides additional security in
defence.

c) Distance Marking: There is no physical contact between defender and

attacker because the defender is aiming to anticipate or intercept a pass.

2
4

Diagram 10: Distance marking.

Player 1 intercepts as players 3 and 4 anticipate.

47


d) ‘Containment’ Marking: The defender marks the opponent by positioning

himself directly between the attacker and the goal.

Diagram 11: Containment marking.

This type of marking discourages lofted or chipped passes.

48


3
Team Tactics
in
Defence

49


WEAK & STRONG SIDES OF THE COURT

If the futsal court is divided lengthways with a straight line, the side of the ball is
called the “strong side” and the other is the “weak side”.

Diagram 12: Sides of the court.

Although defensive shape is maintained, the “weak side” has a very low defensive
density (number of players on that side). On the contrary, the strong side of the court
has the majority of the defensive support, and therefore the defensive density is high
(high number of players on this side). As a rule, the five players of the defending
team should be on the “strong side” of the court.

4 1

Diagram 13: Defending in a diamond shape (ball in the a central position).

If our team is defending in a 1-2-1, or diamond, formation and the ball is in the
middle, the shape is a ‘perfect’ diamond. Once the ball is passed to one of the wings

50


(in this case, to the player opposing player 2), our winger, player 2, will press the
player with the ball. The ‘Pivot’, player 1, will drop slightly and close the middle of the
court. The back man, of ‘Fix’ (player 4) will move closer to the line to cover player 2.
If player 2 is beaten in the 1v1, player 4 will be ready to defend. The most important
movement is that of the opposite winger (player 3), who becomes the new Fix. With
this rotation we will have the 5 players defending on the “strong side” of the pitch.

If the defending team is rotating at a good intensity and at the right times, the only
two posibilities for the attacking team will be:

a) Play back and start again.

b) Risk a lofted and diagonal pass. In this case, the goalkeeper or even
the new Fix (player 3) will have enough time to intercept the ball.

In the diagram below, we can see the rotation made by the defensive team when the
ball is on one wing. We can see the five defensive players on the “strong side” of the
court. Also, if the ball is taken as a reference, our basic 1-2-1 or diamond formation
is maintained.

4 2

1
3

Diagram 14: Defending in a diamond shape (ball in a lateral postion).

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DEFENSIVE LINES
A team line is a player or group of players that are positioned on the court at the
same distance in relation to the goal line (see diagram below).

A defensive line will be the position of a player or group of players positioned on an

imaginary line faced with an opponent’s attack.

The first defensive line will be the closest to the opposition goal, as it is the one that
tries to neutralise the opponents’ first options.

The last defensive line will be the goalkeeper, or the last defender who makes a last-
ditch attempt to prevent a goal being conceded.

The formation in the diagram below has 4 defensive lines. The first one consists of 1
player, the pivot; the second one by 2 players, the right and left wingers; the third
defensive line, by the fix; and the fourth by the goalkeeper. Therefore, we will call
this formation 1-1-2-1, each number representing a defensive line.

2 3

Diagram 15: Defensive lines.

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DEFENSIVE FORMATIONS
Defensive Formation – 1-2-2 or Square

Diagram 16: 2-2 defensive formation.

(1-)2-2 is a formation often used at an introductory level in futsal because of its

simplicity – it is easy for players to understand. Although it is used less than the
Diamond, this formation is a great starting point from which players can learn the
basics of defending in futsal. This formation has 3 defensive lines. The first two are
made up of 2 players each and the last one is just the goalkeeper. The players in the
second defensive line cover the players in the first one. All players usually remain in
half of the court (which is the same as the diamond formation).

Coaching Objectives

• Defence remains in own half of the court.

• Players must try not to cross the half-way line as this will ensure the defensive
formation remains tight and compact.
• Players hold their position and try not to get pulled out of that position; they
must not follow the opposition’s fake runs.
• If the ball enters the area occupied by a defender, the defender needs to react
and prevent the attacker being creative.
• As the ball is passed along the half-way line, the formation moves across in
order to reduce the opposition’s passing angles.

Why use the 2-2

• It is difficult for the attack to break it down.

• It is an easy method of defending.
• It invites opponents to attack the team, which makes them vulnerable to the
counter attack – even from one careless pass.

53


• There is a similarity with the 1-1-2-1 or diamond formation, which means that
a team can switch between the 2 formations easily.
• In restarts from the goalkeeper (when playing out of pressure), the attacking
team can invite the defending team to be positioned in a square shape
(playing out of pressure using the four corners).
• Although the middle is not protected and there can be a large gap between
lines, which invites shots and passes between lines to the pivot, this can be
counteracted by using the mobile wall. This is a defensive concept used when
the 2 players in the first defensive line allow horizontal passes but deny
forward passes. There movement is from side to side on court, which
discourages forward passes and shots.
• When defending the 4v5 (Powerplay).

KEY POINT

Communication from the Goalkeeper (they can see everything).

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Defending Formation – 1-1-2-1 or Diamond

Diagram 17: 1-2-1 defensive formation.

Diamond defending requires a lot of awareness from the team as a whole and the
individual players, who must understand where they should be on the pitch in
relation to the other defenders. The Diamond defence is successful if the team works
together and moves as one to prevent the opposition creating any chances. Here we
have four defensive lines.

Coaching Objectives

• Defence remains in own half, or own 1/3 closest to goal; however, it can be
used to defend in ¾ of court.
• Players must try not to cross the half-way line as this will ensure the defensive
formation remains tight and compact
• Players hold their position and try not to get pulled out of that position; they
must not follow the opponent’s fake runs.
• If the ball enters the area occupied by the defender, the defender needs to
react and prevent the attacker being creative
• As the ball is passed along the half-way line, the formation moves across in
order to reduce the opposition’s passing angles.

Reasons for using the Diamond

• Invites the opposition to attack the team, this makes them vulnerable to the
counter attack.
• Encourages the defenders to counter attack the opponents if an interception
is made.
• Prevents passes through the middle of the pitch because the team is so
compact

55


• Stops passes being made down the line because of the two wide defenders,
leaving the opposition with few options.
• Facilitates the use of covers and exchanges/switches.
• It is very easy for the formation to morph into a different formation, normally
into the 2-2.
• It is also used in the 4v5 Powerplay.

KEY POINT

Communication from the Goalkeeper (they can see everything).

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Defensive Formation – 1-1-1-2 or Y (Pressuring)

4 3

Diagram 18: 1-1-1-2 defensive formation (1).

The initial distribution of the players is in a “Funnel” or “Y” shape, with the first
defensive line being made up of 2 players. The other defensive lines (3) have just
one player. This formation is normally used when the defending team wants to press
high up the court (up to the ¾ ‘line’). Pressing is a tactic often used by a team that is
losing. The aim is to gain possession of the ball, doing so as quickly as possible,
ideally within 4 or 5 seconds, and as high up the court as possible.

This formation tries to prevent the goalkeeper from throwing through the middle of
the team to the pivot, especially players 1 and 2 (using the mobile wall). Player 3,
who is also key in stopping this throw, must be watching the right winger just in case
he receives the ball from the goalkeeper.

4 3

Diagram 19: 1-1-1-2 defensive formation (2).

57
This formation can also be morphed into the Diamond and Square formations. After
the goalkeeper passes the ball to the back man in the corner and the opposing pivot
rotates, the defending team rotate from the initial “Funnel” formation into a Diamond
formation.

1
3

2
4

Diagram 20: 1-1-1-2 defensive formation (3).

Coaching Objectives

• Players pick an opponent each and stick with that opponent whilst the ball is
in play.
• Players are responsible for and must follow their opposite number.
• Players should be encouraged not to make fouls in this scenario; defenders
will feel the need to try anything to win the ball and make rash decisions. This
will quickly increase the team’s foul count.
• Patience should be encouraged. Players should wait for the right opportunity
to make a tackle and not jump in.

Reasons for using the Y formation

• When a team is in a losing position, it can be used to recover the ball quickly.
• The opponent with the ball has very little time to look up and find a team mate
to pass to.
• Putting the opponents under this type of pressure often leads to mistakes that
can be capitalised on
• ‘Getting in the opponents’ face’ makes them nervous and uncomfortable on
the ball. This is particularly true when playing a team with little futsal
experience.

KEY POINT

Defenders are always behind the ball, making the team harder to break down.

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Defensive Formation – Others

There are 3 other main defensive formations but as they are not used very often and
are more difficult to practice, we will summarise them here:

a) Offensive Triangle or 1-1-3. Usually used for man-to-man marking, unless we

are defending in ¼ of the court.

b) Defensive Traingle or 1-3-1. Used when defending in ¼ of the court.

c) Inverted Funnel or 1-2-1-1. Mainly used to defend the Powerplay.

59


TYPES OF DEFENCE

1. ZONAL DEFENCE: Each player of the team is responsible for an area of the
court that will be changing as the defensive scenario progresses. The players
must be aware of: a) the ball, b) the opponents (especially any opponent that
enters his zone), c) working with other teammates and d) his own goal.

General Considerations:

- Team stays behind the ball unless the play is in the corners nearest the
goal.
- Players must be communicating constantly when defending in a zonal
defence.
- The reference for the players’ positions is always the ball, which is why
the defenders must continuously alter their position in relation to ball.
- The player with the ball must always be under pressure and the
passing and shooting lines must always be blocked.
- Collective responsibility is key. The players help each other, which
facilitates the use of covers. No individualism.
- High intensity.
- Avoid having one player marking 2 players.
- The player with the ball must feel under pressure at all times,
especially if the ball is not perfectly controlled; this way he will not be
able to think clearly and will make mistakes.
- The players must always be able to see the ball. This is true for all
types of defences.
- The key areas have greater protection (between 12-15 metres out from
goal).
- Players must be aware of the ball and the opponent in their respective
zone. The defence must rotate towards the ball (remember strong and
weak sides).

Advantages of Zonal Defence:

- Increases the protection of the ‘D’. The middle of the court is closed off,
preventing passes to the pivot and finishing at the far post.
- It is easier for players to take up covering positions for their teammates.
- Fewer fouls (or, that is the aim!).
- Less physical tiredness.
- It is easier to recover the ball and pick it up from a rebound, which
makes it easier to counterattack.
- Recovery runs are easier.

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- It is a very good defensive shape when playing against teams with bad
passers.
- Good for slow(er) defenders.

Disadvantages of Zonal Defence:

- There is a lot to learn.

- The overload of attackers in specific areas is a problem, as defenders
become outnumbered.
- Weak defence against teams with good shooters.
- Huge physical effort for the first defensive line.

Finally, in a futsal clinic held in Bratislava in December 2012, Marcos Angulo

highlighted the 6 key principles that are essential for a zonal defence. We fully agree
with these principles.

1) The ball must always be under pressure.

2) Defensive lines must stay close together and compact, as this
is a block defence. We defend as a team.
3) The last man must cover the sideline (wing) and anticipate a
possible pass.
4) The opposite wing must close the middle and become the new
back man/Fix.
5) Players must cut all passing lines. This is particularly true for
the pivots, who should be very clever players.
6) The goalkeeper’s participation is very important. They must
defend the diagonal passes and passes that travel from side to
side across the face of their goal.

2. INDIVIDUAL DEFENCE: In this kind of defence, each player is responsible for an

opponent and must not forget where the ball is. It is the most important defence, as it
is the base of all the others.

General Considerations:

- The main objective is the opponent and then the ball; therefore, each
defender focuses on his attacker, the opposite of what happens in a
zonal defence.
- The way each defender marks their opponent is different. Everything
will depend on their position on the court, unless the coach has
assigned a specific marking style for particular players.
- The defence will be behind the ball, if possible, to facilitate covering
their teammates (i.e. closing the middle of the court).

61


- Intercepting the ball and anticipating passes are facilitated.

- Goalkeepers defend parallel passes.

Advantages of the Individual Defence:

- It is more aggressive than the zonal one, which enables fast

counterattacking. The defensive intensity increases when the attacking
team gets closer to the goal.
- The players’ jobs are well defined, which increases the aggressive
nature of the defence.
- In certain situations, when the team is losing, it allows the ball to be
recovered very quickly, although this is can be a very risky tactic.
- Passing lines are reduced, which will cause mistakes from the team
with the ball.

Disadvantages of the lndividual Defence:

- It requires great physical and mental fitness.

- It is more difficult to take up covering positions because the focus is on
man-to-man marking.
- It creates some free space as everyone is following their opposite
number.
- There are more fouls, since there is more contact between the players
and more aggression in this style of defending.
- Screens, blocks, etc. (tactical, offensive techniques) are very
dangerous because they generate confusion.
- It is not recommended for slow players, as the game develops at high
speed and regularly changes pace.
- If there is a mistake when attempting an interception or anticipating a
pass, the defending team will be outnumbered.

Other types of individual defence, which will not be covered in this book, are:

- Full court (press).

- ¾ of the court.
- Half court or ½ of the court.
- Close individual defence or ¼ of the court.
- ‘Blitz switch’ and ‘blitz trap’ (basketball defensive tactics developed by
Morgan Wootten).

3. MIXED DEFENCE: A style of defending in which the team uses varying defensive
tactics: some players defend man-to-man and others defend zonally. Usually, this
kind of defence is used with 3 players defending zonally and 1 player defending
man-to-man, full-court press because the opposition team relies heavily on that

62


particular player. Sometimes it can also be applied with 2 players in a zonal defence
and 2 defending man-to-man.

General Considerations:

- Sharing the defensive responsibility between 3 players (rather than 4)

will make it easier for the attacking team to find free spaces and
passing lines. This will lead to opportunities to score. Everything will
depend on how much space the 3 defensive players manage to cover.
- For the reason stated above, it is recommended that the 3 players
defending zonally are positioned in their 1/3 of the court and the player
who is marking man-to-man defends with a full-court press.
- This type of defence should surprise the opposition.

4. ALTERNATIVE DEFENCE: This style of defending begins by the team waiting in

a zonal defence to establish how the other team is set out to play. The team can
then determine which opponent each player marks and then every player will follow
their opposite number until the end of the play, unless there is an exchange of
opponent with a teammate.

General Considerations:

- The man-to-man pairings are established by how the attacking team

sets up, or how the back man/goalkeeper/most experienced player
views the game.
- It has characteristics of both main styles of defence:
1) Pressing the player with the ball.
2) Defensive cover. Solidarity and support.
3) Behind the line of the ball.
4) Defensive tasks are well defined:
a) When to perform a 2 v 1.
b) Call the blocks.
c) When to delay and timings.
- The defence is staggered and can be used within any area of the court,
although it is usually employed in a half-court (1/2) set up.
- The recommended formation in ½ of the court is with 4 defensive lines:
1-1-2-1.
- The team should try to prevent the ball reaching the pivot through the
middle of the defence.

5. MULTIPLE OR CHANGEABLE DEFENCE: This defence uses 2 or more different

styles during the match. For example, a team starts to defend man-to-man with a
full-court press. If the ball goes to the wing, the team will change to a zonal defence

63


and after the ball crosses the halfway line the team will defend using an alternative
defence.

General Considerations:

- The attacking team are usually surprised by this style because they do
not know which kind of defence they are facing and it is very difficult to
focus on the attack.
- Plenty of coordination, hours of training, and tactical experience are
needed to practise it.
- Great concentration is required to pull it off. An experienced player
should be playing in order to advise and help his teammates know
when to change from one kind to another.
- The smallest mistake in defence by any individual player will cause a
huge break down in the defensive organisation.
- When learning how to play this style, players must focus on practising
the different defences on their own and then put them together
afterwards. They must decide the triggers to be used for each one.

6. DEFENCE OF CHANGES: This type of defence is the last step in defensive

learning. It tries to combine the concepts of all the others to try to avoid their
individual weaknesses and achieve the ‘perfect’ defence. Marking involves constant
covers and exchanges; the team does not allow the first defensive line to be pushed
back, causing the wingers and back man to pick up the attackers that cut/travel
through with or without the ball.

General Considerations:

- A defender will never follow his opponent when he passes and

cuts/travels through without the ball.
- There are no specific defensive positions.
- Continuous work required to close off passing lines.
- Defenders must be ready to anticipate a counterattack.

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4
Individual Tactics
in
Attack

65


1. Feints
A feint (also known as the fake, or dummy, or check) is a simple action that tricks the
defender, giving the attacking player more space to work with.

General considerations:

- It must be done throughout the match.

- Players should do it without thinking. Feints in futsal should be a habit.
- Feints should be realistic, otherwise they are not believable.
- The player who feints should ask for the ball after the feint, if not, the player with
the ball will be confused.
- When receiving the ball after the feint, it should be controlled with the leg that is
furthest away from the defender.
- When doing the feint, it is essential to move past the defender’s shoulder line (and
go past their line of vision) to achieve the desired outcome. If not, the attacking
player will not get that free space as the defender can see us all the time.
- Although feints must be a habit for all futsal players, they must not be performed
100% of the time because the defender will soon know what his opponent is up to.
However, if the attack plays at a high intensity, the defence will be caught off guard
more often.

There are many different types of feints, with and without ball. However, here we
only cover the most common one: the feint to receive the ball.

The feint to receive the ball aims to open up a new passing line. One of the attackers
moves away from the ball and towards a defender, and after travelling past the
defender’s field of vision, he stops suddenly and travels back a couple of metres to
receive the ball.

The main tips for this feint are:

- The feint should begin by the attacker moving towards the opposition’s goal.
- Good timing is needed from the player with the ball.
- When the attacker receives the ball, the distance between him and the defender
must be threatening for him.
- Requires a sharp change of direction and pace.
- The player who cuts across a defender can perform the feint in front or behind the
defender.

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2. Parallel

Diagram 21: Parallel pass.

This is an effective attacking strategy which capitalises on the space created down
the sides of the pitch and gets the ball in to the pivot’s feet.

Coaching Objectives

• The ball gets passed quickly along the halfway line, patiently waiting for an
attacking opportunity to arise.
• Look to see if the pivot has pulled away from the defender and found some
space to receive the ball.
• If this is the case a first time pass should be played down the line into the
pivot’s feet.
• It is important for the team to support the pivot once he has received the ball.

Reasons for using the Parallel

• It pulls opposition players out of position

• First time passing is quick and creates goal-scoring chances
• It is a quick method of getting the ball from back to front
• When the pass is played down the line the defenders have to turn around and
begin running back towards their own goal.
• When the defender is on the turn the attacker is facing the way they want to
run and will have a head start supporting the pivot. (This is known as having
the run on the opponent).

67


• If the defender is close to the attacker and is closing the parallel, the pass
must be done at defender’s hip height to avoid its interception.
• The movement of the attacker will be more effective if it is done behind the
defender rather than in front of him.

Types of parallels

a) Classic Parallel: After passing the ball, player 1 can make an explosive
movement forwards, feint or fake after a short distance, then move (in this
case) to the right-hand side towards the ball. Alternatively, player 1 can just
run straight after the pass.

1
4

Diagram 22: Classic parallel pass.

b) Parallel by the pivot: The pivot feints from a position behind the Fix and then
travels to collect the ball. In the example below, player 1 makes a run to the
back post (after a feint).

4 1

Diagram 23: Parallel pass by the pivot.

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c) Simple Parallel: When the player is already positioned on the same wing as
the ball.

4 3

Diagram 24: Simple parallel pass.

d) Long Parallel: The player who collects the ball makes the run from the
opposite wing (running from wing to wing). In the example below, this is player
2.

4
1

Diagram 25: Long parallel pass.

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e) Short Parallel: When the player who collects the ball starts on the same wing
as the pass that is made, in this example player 2 receives the parallel pass.

4
1

Diagram 26: Short parallel pass (1).

The back man or “Fix” passes the ball to winger number 2. Player 2 will face up his
defender, and player one will follow the pass and place himself behind player 2.

2 1

Diagram 27: Short parallel pass (2).

Player 2 then passes the ball behind him to player 1 by using the sole/heel of his foot.
Player 2 then cuts inside, feints around the defender, and then travels back to the
wing in order to receive the short parallel from the back man or “Fix” (player 1).

KEY POINT

An accurately weighted pass is important here.

70


3. Playing off the pivot

Diagram 28: Playing off the pivot.

It is important in futsal to utilise the pivot in the team because they can be the point
of every attack. The pivot can receive the ball and bring the rest of the team in to
play. The pivot can also have shots on goal if they can get the ball under control and
find enough space to test the goalkeeper.

Coaching Objectives

The pass needs to be fired in to the pivot’s feet with pace.

The pass in to the pivot needs to be supported with forward runs from
team mates.
The run should be either directly at the pivot ending with a first time
shot at goal or to the side of the pivot for a one-two.

Why play off the pivot?

The defender has to turn around and follow the attacker. The attacker
will always have a head start.
It is a great method of creating a shooting opportunity.
An effective way of getting the ball from back to front quickly with one
well-played pass.

KEY POINT
It is important that players make supporting runs. These runs must be made at
maximum speed.

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4. Back Post

Diagram 29: Back post.

Futsal pitches are small so if the ball can be played in to the back post an attacking
player will be around that area to get a shot off at goal. This tactic is an effective and
successful way to create chances with a simple finish at the back post.

Coaching Objectives

If the players find the ball in a wide position after patient build up play
then the back post tactic is an option.
The ball needs to be passed to the back post with speed.
The pass needs to be powerful to evade the goalkeeper and the
defenders.
It is important a team mate is making a positive run to the back post.
This run needs to be well timed.
The run should begin when the team mate passing the ball pulls their
leg back to make the pass.
The defender will be slow to react because they will have to turn
around and run back to own goal.

Why play to the back post?

It is an effective method of scoring a simple goal.

If the timing of the run is correct the striker will find themselves close to
the goal which leaves them an easy goal-scoring opportunity.
Supporting teammates in the attacking half creates chances.
If the keeper pushes the ball away it may fall to the player running in at
the back post, hence the importance of continuing the run to the back
post.
KEY POINT
Timing of the run.

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5. Clear out
The aim of this move is to facilitate a 1v1 situation without any defensive cover. In
the diagram below, the pivot moves to other side of the court to player 3, essentially
clearing out the space. This puts player 3 in a 1v1 situation against his marker, who
is isolated with no defensive support.

The pivot anticipated the movement and when the back man passed the ball to the
winger he cleared out of the space in the middle of the court to the opposite wing.

4 2

Diagram 30: Clear up.

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6. Blocking

A player can block off a defensive run or move by putting himself between a
teammate and his marker, or in the defender’s path. This allows his teammate to
gain free space.

There are many different kinds of blocks: with the ball, without the ball, direct,
indirect, lateral, diagonal, simple, double block, maintained, short and quick... Due to
the complexity of this move, we are only going to discuss the most common in this
book: the simple block performed by an attacker without the ball.

Diagram 31: Blocking.

During the corner shown in the diagram above, player 2 blocks the defender (the
pivot) allowing player 4 to receive the pass in greater space, completely free from his
marker, and get a shot off on goal. This is a classic example of the simple block.

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7. Pass & Go (also called the ‘one-two’ or the

‘wall pass’)
A pass & go involves a player passing to his teammate and then receiving the ball
back immediately. It is used to pass around an opposing player.

There are more than 20 types of pass & go, the simplest kind is discussed here.

General characteristics:

- For a pass & go to be performed most effectively, players must be aware of the
position of the opposition defender. The attacking players must try to occupy areas
that can influence the defender’s position and decision-making, preferably outside of
his field of vision in order to surprise him.

- It is effective against any kind of defence, but it is better to use it against defences
that are: pressing high, open or stretched, and/or man-to-man. It is also effective
during counterattacks.

- The pass & go should be introduced to players at the beginning of the coaching
process.

- The supporting player must be in a position to receive the ball securely.

- Once he has made the initial pass, the passing player must change his pace and
direction of movement in order to surprise his defender. If the defender looks at the
trajectory of the ball, that is a trigger to use the pass & go.

4 3

2 1

Diagram 32: Pass & go (1).

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In the diagram above, we can see how the pivot moves and creates the space that
player 3 wants to use. After passing to player 2 and making a feint, player 3 runs
towards player 2, following his pass, and receives the ball back in order to shoot or
continue the move.

In the previous diagram, we can see a pass & go performed in a tight space, as the
player runs and follows the pass towards the player who had received the first pass.
However, the same action can be performed over a wider area. This action is shown
in the next diagram, which shows what is usually meant when using the ‘one-two’.

4 3

2 1

Diagram 33: Pass & go (2).

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8. Diagonal
A diagonal can refer to either the movement of a player who is trying to lose his
marker, and also the trajectory of the ball, across court and towards the opposition’s
goal.

- It is made across court and towards the opposition’s goal.

- The pass can be a diagonal one, but the important aspect is the
diagonal run made by the player, who then receives the ball.
- It is one of the fundamental movements in futsal.

There are four types of diagonals, according to Gallego (2013):

a) ‘J’ Diagonal: The action begins from the first offensive line, usually in a central
area. The player makes the pass and then cuts through the middle, making a sudden
change of direction to the opposite wing. The ball is then played into his path.

3
4

Diagram 34: ‘J’ diagonal.

b) Short Diagonal: In this example, the player interrupts his initial movement and
appears between the defensive lines in order to receive the ball. This diagonal works
very well against defences in which the players exchange the players they are
marking.

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3
4

Diagram 35: Short diagonal.

c) Long diagonal: This movement is made by one player running from one wing to
the other. The pass is made from either the centre or the wing.

3
4

Diagram 36: Long diagonal.

d) Simple diagonal: An action that is not described by the previous 3 categories.

The back man passes the ball to winger 2, and, after the pass, because winger 3 has
performed a clear out, there is a free space on the opposite wing. The “Fix” (player 1)
decides to use that space, allowing winger 2 to play the diagonal pass through the
defenders.

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4 2

Diagram 37: Simple diagonal.

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 5
Team Tactics
in
Attack

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ATTACKING FORMATIONS
Attacking Formation – 1-2-2 or ‘Square’

3 2

4
1

Diagram 38: Attacking 2-2 formation.

- This system was the most popular when futsal was in its infancy.

- There are 2 attacking lines and the GK; 2 players are in the first attacking line and 2
in the second one. They have specific and well-defined jobs.

- As the system is very easy to understand, it is a good tactic for grassroots players
and those learning about the game, as well as for teams at a lower technical-tactical
level.

- It is a solid option against very closed diamond defences.

- It is a good press breaker as it uses the four corners.

- As there are 2 players in the danger zones, there are not many empty spaces,
especially if the defence is very deep. However, shooting from distance is a good
resource to use.

- For the system to work well, one of the players from the first attacking line should
have a high technical ability and a lot of pace.

- There is only one player that supports the player with the ball in the first attacking
line, so this system is a risky one. It should only be used in exceptional
circumstances, for example: looking for the 1v1 on the wing if the players in the first

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line are wide and the players in the second very deep; or when using blocks with the
players in the first line close to the second.

- However, if the team loses the ball in the first attacking line, the resulting
counterattack will be lethal.

- To prevent this system from remaining static, the 2 lines should be 8-10 metres
apart at most. This enables the players to rotate and switch positions.

To sum up, we would use this system if our team is losing towards the end of the
game, if the opposition is defending very deep and the team has good finishers. We
would instruct the team to shoot from distance and look to get a few long-range
finishes – perhaps with the help of a few lucky deflections.

Advantages:

- It is quite static without much movement, so it is not physically

demanding.
- Initially, it creates free space in the centre of the court.
- It gives the attacking team the chance to shoot from distance if the
defending team is positioned very deep.
- It creates a situation of numerical superiority after a successful 1v1.

Disadvantages:

- Few free spaces in the danger areas.

- It means that 2 defenders will be ready to provide cover for their
teammates.
- There is only one pass or support player during a rotation.
- There is no defensive balance and recovery is next to impossible, so a
poor pass is lethal.
- For this formation to be successful, players must be very strong in a
1v1 situation.

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Attacking Formation – Inverted funnel or 1-2-1-1

3 2

Diagram 39: Attacking 1-2-1-1 formation.

- The inverted funnel is a variation of the 2-2 system, with the only
difference being that we moved one of the more offensive players into
a deeper position.
- This formation needs players with specific characteristics:

1) Good goalkeeper: Excellent throwing and distribution skills.

2) Two defenders: very good passing skills and a strong shot
from distance.
3) Winger-Pivot: very quick, good shot from a medium range and
the intelligence to exchange positions with players when
needed.
4) Classic Pivot: strong and able to play with back to goal. Good
passer (including with the sole of the foot) to the players that
travel towards him in support.
- This system can be used as a press breaker (see diagram above) and
as a tactical attacking formation.

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Attacking Formation – Triangle Systems (1-3-1 or 1-1-3)

4 1

Diagram 40: Attacking 1-3-1 formation.

These two systems overlap and alternate during the game. In creating and building
the attack, the 1-3-1 is the most common formation, and it transforms into the 1-1-3
as the team attempts to score.

In situations other than the transition outlined above, the triangle with the defensive
base – the 1-3-1 – is the more common of the 2 formations. The more attacking
triangle – the 1-1-3 – is used when the team is in a difficult situation, for example: if
the team is not dominating the game through the 5v4 (fly GK) option or it has not
capitalised on the numerical advantage and time is running out.

1-3-1 Formation

- Lots of tradition. It fell out of favour when the 4-0 system took off but
since the updated FIFA rules were introduced in 2006 it has become
more popular
- Begins with 3 players in areas around the middle of the court in order
to build an attack and 1 player in the danger area close to the
opposition’s goal.
- There are clear roles for each position:
1) Back man or “Fix”: usually plays in the centre of the court,
giving balance to the team. He should dominate the ball
through a solid passing game and have plenty of long-range
shots.
2) Wingers: quick, with a good 1v1, they give width to the team.
They can play on the opposite wing to their strongest foot to
have a greater angle to pass or shoot, i.e. a left-footed winger
plays on the right wing and the right-footed winger on the left

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wing. Ideally, they should be capable of using both feet to a

high standard.
3) Pivot: able to play with back to the opposition’s goal. Adds
depth to the team. Great finisher and visual awareness.
- Allows rotation without losing the defensive balance or ability of the
defence to recover as it ensures that there is/are always 1 or 2 players
behind the ball.
- Allows the player with the ball to have at least two supporting players,
one on the same attacking line and the second providing depth from
behind.
- Perfect to control the game pace or tempo without taking too much risk.
- Offers multiple possibilities to build the attack and finish.

Advantages:

- Allows players to use feints and other movements to create space, due
to the amount of width and depth provided during an attack game.
- Provides mobility without losing the tactical balance of the team.
- There are always 2 supporting options for the player on the ball.
- Every ball that reaches the pivot is instantly dangerous for the
opposition.
- Useful for escaping pressure quickly and without risk if the other team
is pressing high.

Disadvantages:

- Requires a specialist pivot on court.

- Good pressure from the defence could prevent passing lines to the
pivot.
- The opposition can easily create a sturdy defensive shape.

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Attacking Formation – Four in line or 1-4-0

Diagram 41: Attacking 1-4-0 formation.

- This formation was introduced in Spain by the Brazilian coach, Zego

Acevedo in the 90s and started a big trend.
- The initial formation involves 4 players in the middle of the court,
usually in a slight semicircle shape.
- This system doesn’t require specific player attributes as required by the
1-3-1.
- The main objective of this formation is to cause the defensive team to
form a line and then exploit the free space that opens up behind them.
It also tries to reduce the defensive team’s ability to provide support to
each other.
- It is based on the constant mobility of the players and the quick
circulation of the ball.

Advantages:

- Facilitates the creation of free space close to the opposition’s goal.

- Very useful against the individual defensive system.
- Good option against pressing defences that have a high line.
- Favours possession of the ball because the player on the ball has
options at all times.
- Allows multiple rotations and technical-tactical concepts to be
introduced in play.
- Physically and mentally tires the opposition.

Disadvantages:

- Requires a huge amount of concentration.

87
- Not very useful against tight and deep defences.
- Great risk if possession is lost because there is no defensive balance.
- Requires good coordination and team synchronisation, which is only
attained through many hours of training.
- Players should have a decent technical ability and a good tactical
knowledge.
- May become one-dimensional, which prevents the attacking team from
using the 1v1 threat.
- Very difficult to train, practice and implement at a grassroots level.

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Attacking Formation – Power Play or Flying Goalkeeper formations

The Power Play is mainly used for 2 reasons:

a) When the team is losing and there is not much time left.
b) To keep possession of the ball and break up the opposition’s tempo and flow.

Option a) is the most common reason for using the Power Play.

If the ball is lost, the team must press the ball immediately quickly in order to prevent
the opposition from shooting into the empty net. Players have to be patient when on
the ball.

3
2

Diagram 42: Power-playing formation.

There are many different formations that can be used during the Power Play.
However, many of those systems are highly complex and, as this book only aims to
give a solid introduction to futsal, we will not cover them here (a 3-2 formation with
the wingers opening up the court is shown in the diagram above):

a) Symetric formation
- 3-2
1) With wingers opened
2) With wingers closed (pyramid)
- 2-1-2
- 2-3

b) Asymetric formation
- 2-1-2
1) A winger opened and the other closed
- Overload on one wing

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 Attacking Formation – Numerical Superiority

4 1

3 2

Diagram 43: Attacking with numerical superiority.

a) Formation 1-2-2 (4v3) (See diagram above)

- Need patience and to move the ball quickly.

- Players must show in the middle or far post (back post).
- Continuous exchanges.
- First line (players 1 and 2) should shoot if the first defensive line
hesitates to press the ball.
- The power play can also be used in this situation of numerical
superiority, but we would call it 3-2.

b) Formation 2-1-2 (5v3)

- Same as playing with the fly goalkeeper 5v4 but easier as we have one
more player.

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 ATTACKING ROTATIONS

Figure of 8

Diagram 44: Figure of 8 attacking rotation.

The figure of 8 rotation is a great starting point to learn about rotating in Futsal. The
main aim of rotating in Futsal is to ensure there is always a pass available for the
player on the ball and to find gaps in the opposition’s defence.

Coaching Objectives

Three players rotate in their own half of the pitch

Rotating in the figure of 8 always opens gaps for a pass
Players pass the ball across the halfway line and run diagonally
The player then fills in the opposite gap from where they have just
come from
Always passing the ball along the half way line. It is important to remain
patient and not get frustrated if gaps don’t appear in the opposition
defence immediately.
When the opportunity to play the ball into the pivot or play a one-two
arises, the players break the rotation and build an attack.
Continue the rotation until an attacking opportunity arises.

Why use the figure of 8?

Retain possession in safe areas

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 Keeping possession tires the opposition who are trying to regain
possession.
Passing the ball at speed and penetrative diagonal runs open gaps in
the defence
The opportunity to pass the ball into the pivot or play a one-two will
arise if possession is retained.

KEY POINT
The player with the ball must always have at least one passing option available.

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1-3 Rotation

4 2

Diagram 45: 1-3 attacking rotation.

1-3 is a very tactical rotation, it involves three team members rotating around a static
player. The static player needs to be very disciplined because if they lose the ball the
opposition will be through on goal.

How to achieve the Coaching Objectives

Player 1 stands in the same position throughout the rotation

The other three players rotate using just half of the court
Leave the other half of the court free for player 1 to utilise
Player 1 can dribble into the space vacated or play a one-two into the
empty space
Players pass the ball to Player 1 run diagonally but check their run.
When the player offers the one-two in the middle of the pitch they then
spin off to continue the rotation.

Why use the 1-3?

Allows fast movements from the three rotating players

Opens a large area that can be used to form an attack
It is a good method of retaining possession
Player 1 can conserve some energy and come to life when the
opportunity arises.
Player 1 is also able to dictate the speed of the game to suit the team.

KEY POINT
Player 1 is responsible for dictating the speed of the game.

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SET PIECES
CORNER 1

Diagram 46: Corner 1.

Set Pieces are an opportunity to create a shot on goal, it is important to practise the
specific corners regularly so players understand their role and movement. Practising
the set pieces regularly will lead to the team becoming successful and scoring goals.

Coaching Objectives

Corner taker passes the ball out to a safe area

The front man of the three attackers (player nearest the corner taker) starts on
the edge of the penalty area and makes a darting run to block off the defender
(prevent them intercepting the pass).
The second man makes a bending run around the back of the teammate who
is blocking to strike the ball to the back post
The third player runs to the back post in the hope that the ball reaches the far
side of the penalty area.

Why utilise corner 1?

It is a successful and simple strategy to create a shot on goal

It is difficult for the opponents to defend against because of the effective
movement

KEY POINT
The player blocking the defender must stand his ground (be strong).

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CORNER 2

Diagram 47: Corner 2.

Coaching Objectives

The front man of the three attackers starts on the edge of the penalty area
and makes a darting run to block off the defender (prevent them intercepting
the pass).

The second attacker makes a powerful run straight into the ‘D’

Player 3 stands and holds their position to prevent a counter attack

The corner taker fizzes the pass into the gap for the (second) attacker to get a
shot on goal.

Why use corner 2?

Good movement will create a shot on goal

The corner straight into the penalty area can catch the opponents out

A strong, hard corner into the danger area can end up in the back of the net
with a deflection off of one of the defenders.

KEY POINT
The corner taker must be 100% confident that the pass will reach its intended
target.

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CORNER 3

Diagram 48: Corner 3.

How to achieve the Coaching Objectives

The front man of the three attackers starts on the edge of the penalty area,
makes a darting run to block off the defender (prevent them intercepting the
pass).

The second man makes a run to the back of the penalty area but holds his run
on the edge rather than continuing the run to the back post

It is the job of the third attacker to run into centre of the area and take away
his defender, opening up the space for the attacker who peels off to the back
of the penalty area

Corner taker lofts the pass to the back of the box for the attacker to strike a
volley on goal

Why use corner 3?

Good movement from all team members will create a shot on goal

The lofted pass to the back of the area will surprise the opposition because
generally the corner is passed along the floor

If the corner is struck first time on the volley and is on target it will be difficult
for the goalkeeper to save

Striking the ball first time may catch the goalkeeper out of position

KEY POINT
The player receiving the corner pass must strike the ball on the volley first
time.

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6
Coaching Futsal
to
Children

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Daniel was lucky enough to attend a coaching course in Daniel’s home town, Utebo
(Zaragoza, Spain), on the 20th September 2009, which was delivered by one of the
most successful futsal coaches in the world, Jesús Candelas Rodrigo. His talk was
entitled: “Metodología del entrenamiento en categorias base”, which could be
translated as “Training methodology at grassroots level”. It was fantastic! After some
reflection, we have decided to translate some of his presentation into English. He
talked about the different coaching periods for futsal players at grassroots level. We
have included the slides that cover the six periods between the ages of 9-10 and 18
years old.

Figure 1: “Training methodology at grassroots level” (Candelas, 2009).

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There is another question that comes to mind: if children can play mini-basketball,
mini-handball or smaller-sided football (such as the Spanish game ‘football 7’) with
specific, modified rules, why not mini-futsal?

A project led by Miguel Rodrigo (Head Coach of the Japanese National Futsal Team)
and several other coaches, which started in 1999, attempted to create different mini-
futsal games. They produced a document containing an adapted version of the rules
of futsal for children, according to their abilities.

The first rule that should be changed is the size of the ball (in Brazil 4 different sizes
for Under 8, Under 10, Under 12 and Under 14 have been available for several
decades). In Spain, there are only two sizes that have been available since 2003:
one size for U12 competitions and another size for leagues involving older players,
the latter being the same size as that used by professional players. However, there
are four different sizes made by Penalty, especially adapted for training sessions. In
their research, the Federación Paulista has proven that the use of inadequate balls
(i.e. balls that are too big and/or too heavy) can cause knee injuries.

Figure 2: Four different sizes of futsal balls.

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Figure 3:Comparison of two different sized futsal balls.

The second one would be the size of the goal. That would also be very easy to
implement, as handball uses goals that can lower the height of the crossbar for U12
and U10 players.

Figure 4: Handball goal with a moveable crossbar.

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Figure 5: Kids playing futsal with a handball goal that has had its crossbar lowered.

The last one would be the size of the court. Mini-handball courts could be used if
the sports hall has the relevant lines on the floor. The second option would be the
basketball court’s length used with the futsal court’s width (28x20m).

Other rules that would also improve children’s development in futsal would be: not to
allow zone defence until U14; and not to allow U14 players to press higher up the
court than the halfway line until the opposition goalkeeper has thrown the ball into
play.

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103


104


105


106


107
108
109


110


7
The 25 Rules
for the
Futsal Player


ATTACKING

1. Open the court, the wingers play hugging the sidelines.

2. The 3 second rule: Players must move without the ball. Do not stay in the same
place more than 3 seconds. In a game of 40 minutes; you play for 4 minutes with
the ball and 36 without it.

3. Where do I find space?

Rule: Occupy the space left free by my team mate.

4. The player with the ball moves closer to the defender (to be able to pass and
force him to turn around), the other players (without the ball) move away from
their defenders.

5. Help the player who has the ball. Sometimes getting closer, other times moving
away. The aim is to create a clear passing line between you and your teammates.

6. Never lose the sight of the ball nor the eyes of the teammate who has it
(sometimes it does not matter if you move: as your teammate has not even seen
you).

7. Pass and run.

8. Be generous with your passing. The game is won by the TEAM who scores
more goals not the player who scores more goals.

9. Dissociate (separate) where you look from where you pass. Do not make
obvious passes. Disguise.

10. Futsal is a sport for “liars”. Perform feints (tricks) of pass, of movement to lose
your marker, during a kick-in, etc.

11. Passes must be strong but not carelessly violent. This doesn’t give defenders
time reach you or your teammates.

12. Careful with passes that travel from one wing to another when playing
close to your own goal, near the “D”.

13. Patience. Rule of 5 passes. Pass the ball at least 5 times before shooting to
disorganise the opposition.

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14. The goalkeeper must know how to deal with the tempo of the game. If we
are losing, goalkeepers should play as quick as possible, but if we are winning
they should take their time with the restarts and their throws.

15. The backman or “fix” (or any player for that matter) never dribbles if he is the
last man, because if he loses the ball it will be a 1 v 1 against the goalkeeper.

16. Finish the play with a strong shot to avoid a counterattack.

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DEFENDING

1. Aggressiveness: a ball is never given up, fight for every single one. The defence
is more about attitude than technique. We have to want to steal the ball with
everything we’ve got and try to be the best defender in the team.

2. Strength in the tackle. Tackle the ball like you mean it but not violently.

3. Do not allow the player with the ball to think. Annoy/disturb continuously but
without trying to steal the ball unless the attacker loses control of it.

4. Never lose the sight of the ball or the eyes of the player who has it.

5. The wing (sideline) is one more defender. Direct the opposition player with the
ball towards it.

6. There is no rest when defending and no player should adopt an upright

position/stance, as the opposition will exploit the tiniest mistake to score.

7. All players must defend behind the ball.

8. Never cross over in defence. Talk and change the players being marked.

9. Constant communication between the defenders.

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8
References

115


1. Beltrán, F. (1991): Iniciación al fútbol sala. Técnica y planificación. Zaragoza

Spain: CEPID.

2. Candelas-Rodrigo, J. (2009): Metodología del entrenamiento en categorías base.

Utebo (Spain): ANEFS Aragón.

3. Gallego, A. L. & García, A. J. (2009): Fútbol sala: táctica defensiva. Badalona,

Spain: Ed. Paidortibo.

4. Gallego, A. L. (2013): La táctica ofensiva en el futsal. Importancia de la visión en

el desarrollo del juego. Cartagena, Spain: Libros Gallego.

5. Jiménez-Reyes, P. & Cuadrado, V. (2014): Fútbol sala. De la iniciación al alto

rendimiento. Badalona, Spain: Ed. Paidortibo.

6. Rayón-Cano, A. (2006): Las 25 normas que debe conocer un jugador de futsal.

Madrid (Spain): FutsalCoach.com

7. Sampedro, J. (1997): Fútbol sala. Las acciones del juego. Madrid, Spain:
Gymnos.

8. Sanz, A. & Guerrero, A. (2007): Fútbol sala: tarea significativas para el

entrenamiento integrado. Del entrenamiento tradicional al moderno. Vol. 1.
Madrid, Spain: Grada Sport Books.

9. Velasco-Tejada, J. & Lorente-Peñas, J. (2010): Entrenamiento de base en fútbol

sala. Badalona, Spain: Ed. Paidortibo.

10. Wootten, M. & Galotta, H. (1971): De Matha High School Blitz Defense. Maryland,
USA: De Matha Catholic High School.

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