ANGELS’ ACADEMY SR. SEC.

SCHOOL, BAHADRABAD

A TEXTBOOK OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
FOR CLASS : IX
(SUBJECT CODE : 402)

(SESSION: 2019 – 20)

- MR. SACHIN VERMA

(BCA, MCA, UGC NET - COMPUTER)

FROM ANGELS’ ACADEMY

 CLASS: IX SUBJECT : INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(CODE : 402)

Q.1 What do you mean by communication? Write the type of Methods of communication.
Ans.1 Communication:-
 Two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants not only
exchange (encode-decode) information, news, ideas and feelings but also create and
share meaning. In general, communication is a means of connecting people or
places.

When communication occurs, it typically happens in one of three ways:

(i) Verbal (ii) Non-Verbal (iii) Visualization Communication.

People very often take communication for granted. Communicators constantly

exchange information, meaning people always seem to be either receiving or giving
information. Understanding the different methods of exchanging information is
important especially in business and professional settings. Many adults have chosen
to go back to school and pursue a communication degree online to ensure they have
strong communication skills for a competitive job market.
1. VERBAL COMMUNICATION:-

Verbal communication seems like the most obvious of the different types of
communication. It utilizes the spoken word, either face-to-face or remotely. Verbal
communication is essential to most interactions, but there are other nonverbal cues
that help provide additional context to the words themselves. Pairing nonverbal
communication with the spoken word provides a more nuanced message.

2. NONVERBAL CUES SPEAK VOLUMES:-

Nonverbal communication provides some insight into a speaker’s word choice.

Sarcasm, complacency, deception or genuineness occur within nonverbal
communication. These things are often communicated through facial expressions,
hand gestures, posture and even appearance, all of which can convey something
about the speaker. For instance, a disheveled speaker with wrinkled clothes and
poor posture would communicate a lack of confidence or expertise. A speaker with a
nice suit, who stood up straight and spoke clearly, may appear more serious or
knowledgeable.

3. VISUAL COMMUNICATION:-

Visual types of communication include signs, maps or drawings as well as color or

graphic design. These typically reinforce verbal communication, and they help to
make a point. Visual aids can help a speaker remember important topics, give the
audience something to look at, and generally help convey the message being
presented.

Q.2 Define the Basic Characteristics of Communication.

Ans.2 Basic Characteristics of Communication: -

(1) Two or More Persons:

The first important characteristic of communication is that there must be a minimum

number of two persons because no single individual can have an exchange of ideas with
 himself. A listener is necessary to receive one’s ideas. Therefore, there must be at least
two persons-the sender of information and the receiver.

(2) Exchange of Ideas:

Communication cannot be thought of in the absence of exchange of ideas. In order to

complete the process of communication there must be an exchange of ideas, orders,
feelings, etc., among two or more than two persons.

(3) Mutual Understanding:

Mutual understanding means that the receiver should receive the information in the
same spirit with which it is being given. In the process of communication, it is more
important to understand the information rather than carry it out.

(4) Direct and Indirect Communication:

It is not necessary in communication that the receiver and giver of information should
be face-to-face with each other. Communication can be both direct and indirect. Direct
communication means face-to-face conversation, while indirect communication is
through other means.

(5) Continuous Process:

Communication is an endless process, as is the case with business where the manager
continuously assigns work to his subordinates, tries to know the progress of the work
and gives directions.

(6) Use of Words as well as Symbols:

There can be many means of communication, like the written, the oral and symbolic.
The examples of symbolic communication are the ringing of bell for closing a school or
a college, saying something by the movement of the neck, showing anger or disapproval
through eyes, giving some decision by the raising of a finger in cricket, etc.

Q.3 Explain the basic elements of Communication – Cycle.

Ans.3
1. Source
The source is the person (or thing) attempting to share information.

2. Message
At first glance, the message is simply the information you want to communicate.

3. Encoding

Encoding is the process of assembling the message (information, ideas and thoughts) into a
representative design with the objective of ensuring that the receiver can comprehend it.
Communication is only established when it results in both the source and the receiver
understanding the same information.

4. Channel

An encoded message is conveyed by the source through a channel. There are numerous
channel categories: verbal, non-verbal, personal, non-personal, etc. A channel could be the
paper on which words are written, or the Internet acting in the client-server model that is
allowing you to read these words right now.

5. Decoding

Now would be an appropriate time to remind yourself that you can just as easily fill the role of
decoder as you can encoder. This is where listening, and reading directions carefully, makes
its claim to fame—decode with care, my friends.

6. Receiver

Ultimately, the message is delivered to the receiver. A good communicator takes the receivers
preconceptions and frames of reference into consideration

7. Feedback

A better word might be “reaction” or “responses.” The source judges its success based on the
feedback it receives, so pay close attention.

UNIT-II

 Self Management Skills:-

 UNIT – III
Basic ICT Skills
Basic information and communication technology (ICT) skills. The skills needed to use
efficiently the elementary functions of information and communication technologies to
retrieve, assess, store, produce, present and exchange information, and to communicate
and participate in collaborative networks via the internet.

 The skills needed to use efficiently the elementary functions of information and
communication technologies to retrieve, assess, store, produce, present and exchange
information, and to communicate and participate in collaborative networks via the
internet.

Types of ICT Skills

Email Management and Setup

Being able to effectively and successfully communicate via email is critical to any job. You
will need to send emails to colleagues, employers, clients, vendors, and so on. Companies
expect their employees to write professional and well-written emails, as well as respond
promptly to messages received in their inboxes.

 MS Outlook
 Gmail
 Written Communication
 Digital Signatures
 Inbox Management

Online Research

Almost every job requires at least some online research. Whether you are looking up new
lesson plans in a subject or checking out the latest news on your company’s competitor, you
need to be able to sift through all the information online to find what you need. This
involves basic online information management skills.

 Search Engine Research

 Checking Sources
 Online Forums
Social Media Management

Some jobs require you to use social media. For example, many people working in
marketing tend to manage or update a company’s social media presence.

 Facebook
 Instagram
 YouTube
 Twitter
 Reddit
 Social Media Groups

Online Collaboration

Online collaboration is a broad category that refers to any means of sharing information
with your coworkers (or supervisors, or clients) online.

 Video Conferencing Software

 Skype
 GoToMeeting
 Instant Messaging
 Google Docs
 File Sharing

Data Management and Queries

Furthermore, they have to be able to analyze that data and recognize trends and patterns.
Fluency in programs like Microsoft Excel is critical in today’s job market.

 MS Excel
 SQL
 MySQL

 Unit -4
Entrepreneurship Skills

The entrepreneurship theory has been changing throughout several decades of business
growth and has received numerous definitions and characteristics from different scholars,
who believe that some qualities are common among most entrepreneurs.
Entrepreneurship’s foundations are based on economics and other such disciplines such as
History, Politics, Education, Culture, Experience, and Networking.
Entrepreneurship Type:-
Types four types of entrepreneurs, i.e.

 Innovative entrepreneurs,
 Imitating Entrepreneurs,
 Fabian Entrepreneurs, and
 Drone Entrepreneurs.
Innovative Entrepreneurs
 This type of an entrepreneur is more interested in introducing some new ideas into
the market, organization or in the nation.

Imitating Entrepreneurs
 These are often disparagingly referred to as ‘copy cats’.

Fabian Entrepreneurs
 These are entrepreneurs that are very careful in their approaches and cautious in
adopting any changes.

Drone Entrepreneurs
 These are entrepreneurs who do not like a change. They are considered as ‘old
school’.