REPUBLIC ACT NO.

9136

AN ACT ORDAINING REFORMS IN THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY, AMENDING

FOR THE PURPOSE CERTAIN LAWS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

CHAPTER I
TITLE AND DECLARATION OF POLICY

SECTION 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known as the “Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001”. It
shall hereinafter be referred to as the Act.

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is hereby declared the policy of the State:

(a) To ensure and accelerate the total electrification of the country;
(b) To ensure the quality, reliability, security and affordability of the supply of electric power;
(c) To ensure transparent and reasonable prices of electricity in a regime of free and fair competition
and full public accountability to achieve greater operational and economic efficiency and enhance
the competitiveness of Philippine products in the global market;
(d) To enhance the inflow of private capital and broaden the ownership base of the power generation,
transmission and distribution sectors;
(e) To ensure fair and non-discriminatory treatment of public and private sector entities in the process
of restructuring the electric power industry;
(f) To protect the public interest as it is affected by the rates and services of electric utilities and other
providers of electric power;
(g) To assure socially and environmentally compatible energy sources and infrastructure;
(h) To promote the utilization of indigenous and new and renewable energy resources in power
generation in order to reduce dependence on imported energy;
(i) To provide for an orderly and transparent privatization of the assets and liabilities of the National
Power Corporation (NPC);
(j) To establish a strong and purely independent regulatory body and system to ensure consumer
protection and enhance the competitive operation of the electricity market; and
(k) To encourage the efficient use of energy and other modalities of demand side management.

SEC. 3. Scope. – This Act shall provide a framework for the restructuring of the electric power industry,
including the privatization of the assets of NPC, the transition to the desired competitive structure, and
the definition of the responsibilities of the various government agencies and private entities.

SEC. 4. Definition of Terms. –

(a) “Aggregator” refers to a person or entity, engaged in consolidating electric power demand of end-
users in the contestable market, for the purpose of purchasing and reselling electricity on a group
basis;
(b) “Ancillary Services” refer to those services that are necessary to support the transmission of
capacity and energy from resources to loads while maintaining reliable operation of the
transmission system in accordance with good utility practice and the Grid code to be adopted in
accordance with this Act;
(c) “Captive Market” refers to electricity end-users who do not have the choice of a supplier of
electricity, as may be determined by the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) in accordance with
this Act;
(d) “Central Dispatch” refers to the process of issuing direct instructions to electric power industry
participants by the grid operator to achieve the economic operation and maintenance of quality,
stability, reliability and security of the transmission system;
(e) “Co-Generation Facility” refers to a facility which produces electrical an/or mechanical energy and
forms of useful thermal energy such as heat or steam which are used for industrial commercial
heating or cooling purposes through the sequential use of energy;
(f) “Commission” refers to the decision-making body of the ERC composed of a Chairman and four (4)
members as provided under Section 38 hereof;
(g) “Concession Contract” refers to the award by the government to a qualified private entity of the
responsibility for financing, operating, expanding, maintaining and managing specific Government-
owned assets;
(h) “Contestable Market” refers to the electricity end-users who have a choice of a supplier of
electricity, as may be determined by the ERC in accordance with this Act;
(i) “Customer Service Charge” refers to the component in the retail rate intended for the cost recovery
of customer-related services including, but not limited to, meter reading, billing administration
and collection;
(j) “Demand Side Management” refers to measures undertaken by distribution utilities to encourage
end-users in the proper management of their load to achieve efficiency in the utilization of fixed
infrastructures in the system;
(k) “Department of Energy” or “DOE” refers to the government agency created pursuant to Republic
Act No. 7638 whose expanded functions are provided herein;
(l) “Department of Finance” or “DOF” refers to the government agency created pursuant to Executive
Order No. 127;
(m) “Distribution Code” refers to a compilation of rules and regulations governing electric utilities in
the operation and maintenance of their distribution systems which includes, among others, the
standards for service and performance, and defines and establishes the relationship of the
distribution systems with the facilities or installations of the parties connected thereto;
(n) “Distribution of Electricity” refers to the conveyance of electric power by a distribution utility
through its distribution system pursuant to the provisions of this Act;
(o) “Distribution System” refers to the system of wires and associated facilities belonging to a
franchised distribution utility extending between the delivery points on the transmission or
subtransmission system or generator connection and the point of connection to the premises of
the end-user;
(p) “Distribution Wheeling Charge” refers to the cost or charge regulated by the ERC for the use of a
distribution system and/or the availment of related services;
(q) “Distribution Utility” refers to any electric cooperative, private corporation, government owned
utility or existing local government unit which has an exclusive franchise to operate a distribution
system in accordance with this Act;
(r) “Electric cooperative” refers to a distribution utility organized pursuant to Presidential Decree No.
269, as amended, or as otherwise provided in this Act;
(s) “Electric Power Industry Participant” refers to any person or entity engaged in the generation,
transmission, distribution or supply of electricity;
(t) “End-user” refers to any person or entity requiring the supply and delivery of electricity for its own
use;
(u) “Energy Regulatory Board” or “ERB” refers to the independent, quasi-judicial regulatory body
created under Executive Order No. 172, as amended;
(v) “Energy Regulatory Commission” or “ERC” refers to the regulatory agency created herein;
(w) “Franchise Area” refers to a geographical area exclusively assigned or granted to a distribution
utility for distribution of electricity;
(x) “Generation Company” refers to any person or entity authorized by the ERC to operate facilities
used in the generation of electricity;
(y) “Generation of Electricity” refers to the production of electricity by a generation company or a co-
generation facility pursuant to the provisions of this Act;
(z) “Grid” refers to the high voltage backbone system of interconnected transmission lines, substations
and related facilities;
(aa) “Grid Code” refers to the set of rules and regulations governing the safe and reliable operation,
maintenance and development of the high voltage backbone transmission system and its related
facilities;
(bb) “Independent Power Producer” or “IPP” refers to an existing power generating entity which is not
owned by NPC;
(cc) “Inter-Class Cross Subsidy” refers to an amount charged by distribution utilities to industrial and
commercial end-users as well as to other subsidizing customer sectors in order to reduce
electricity rates of other customer sectors such as the residential end-users, hospitals, and
streetlights;
(dd) “Inter-Regional Grid Cross Subsidy” refers to an amount embedded in the electricity rates of NPC
charged to its customers located in a viable regional grid in order to reduce the electricity rates in
a less viable regional grid;
(ee) “Intra- Regional Grid Cross Subsidy” refers to an amount embedded in the electricity rates of NPC
charged to distribution utilities and non-utilities with higher load factor and/or delivery voltage in
order to reduce the electricity rates charged to distribution utilities with lower load factor and/or
delivery voltage located in the same regional grid;
(ff) “IPP Administrator” refers to qualified independent entities appointed by PSALM Corporation who
shall administer, conserve and manage the contracted energy output of NPC IPP contracts;
(gg) “Isolated Distribution System” refers to the backbone system of wires and associated facilities not
directly connected to the national transmission system;
(hh) “Lifeline Rate” refers to the subsidized rate given to low-income captive market end-users who
cannot afford to pay at full cost;
(ii) “National Electrification Administration “ or “NEA” refers to the government agency created under
Presidential Decree No. 269, as amended, and whose additional mandate is further set forth
herein;
(jj) “National Power Corporation” or “NPC” refers to the government corporation created under
Republic Act No. 6395, as amended;
(kk) “National Transmission Corporation or “TRANSCO” refers to the corporation organized pursuant
to this Act to acquire all the transmission assets of the NPC;
(ll) “Open Access” refers to the system of allowing any qualified person the use of transmission,
and/or distribution system, and associated facilities subject to the payment of transmission and/or
distribution retail wheeling rates duly approved by the ERC;
(mm) “Philippine Energy Plan” or “PEP” refers to the overall energy program formulated and updated
yearly by the DOE and submitted to Congress pursuant to Republic Act No. 7638;
(nn) “Power Development Program” or “PDP” refers to the indicative plan for managing electricity
demand through energy-efficient programs and for the upgrading, expansion, rehabilitation,
repair and maintenance of power generation and transmission facilities, formulated and updated
 yearly by the DOE in coordination with the generation, transmission and distribution utility
companies;
(oo) “Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management Corporation” or “PSALM Corp.” refers to the
corporation created pursuant to Section 49 hereof;
(pp) “Privatization” refers to the sale, disposition, change and transfer of ownership and control of
assets and IPP contracts from the Government or a government corporation to a private person or
entity;
(qq) “Renewable Energy Resources” refers to energy resources that do not have an upper limit on the
total quantity to be used. Such resources are renewable on a regular basis and the renewable rate
is rapid enough to consider availability over an indefinite time. These include, among others,
biomass, solar, wind, hydro and ocean energy;
(rr) “Restructuring” refers to the process of reorganizing the electric power industry in order to
introduce higher efficiency, greater innovation and end-user choice. It shall be understood as
covering a range of alternatives enhancing exposure of the industry to competitive market forces;
(ss) “Retail Rate” refers to the total price paid by end-users consisting of the charges for generation,
transmission and related ancillary services, distribution, supply and other related charges for
electric service;
(tt) “Small Power Utilities Group” or “SPUG” refers to the functional unit of NPC created to pursue
missionary electrification function;
(uu) “Stranded contract costs of NPC or distribution utility” refer to the excess of the contracted cost
of electricity under eligible contracts over the actual selling price of the contracted energy output
of such contracts in the market. Such contracts shall have been approved by the ERB as of
December 31, 2000;
(vv) “Stranded Debts of NPC” refer to any unpaid financial obligations of NPC which have not been
liquidated by the proceeds from the sales and privatization of NPC assets;
(ww) “Subtransmission Assets” refer to the facilities related to the power delivery service below the
transmission voltages and based on the functional assignment of assets including, but not limited
to step-down transformers used solely by load customers, associated switchyard/substation,
control and protective equipment, reactive compensation equipment to improve customer power
factor, overhead lines, and the land such facilities/ equipment are located. These include NPC
assets linking the transmission system and the distribution system which are neither classified as
generation nor transmission;
(xx) “Supplier” refers to any person or entity authorized by the ERC to sell, broker, market or
aggregate electricity to the end-users;
(yy) “Supplier’s Charge” refers to the charge imposed by electricity suppliers for the sale of electricity
to end-users, excluding the charges for generation, transmission and distribution wheeling;
(zz) “Supply of Electricity” means the sale of electricity by a party other than a generator or a
distributor in the franchise area of a distribution utility using the wires of the distribution utility
concerned;
(aaa) “Transmission Charge” refers to the regulated cost or charges for the use of a transmission
system which may include the availment of ancillary services;
(bbb) “Transmission Development Plan” or “TDP” refers to the program for managing the transmission
system through efficient planning for the expansion, upgrading, rehabilitation, repair and
maintenance, to be formulated by DOE and implemented by the TRANSCO pursuant to this Act;
(ccc) “Transmission of Electricity” refers to the conveyance of electricity through the high voltage
backbone system; and
(ddd) “Universal Charge” refers to the charge, if any, imposed for the recovery of the stranded cost
and other purposed pursuant to Section 34 hereof.
 CHAPTER II
ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY

SEC. 5. Organization. – The electric power industry shall be divided into four (4) sectors, namely:
generation, transmission, distribution and supply.

SEC. 6. Generation Sector. – Generation of electric power, a business affected with public interest, shall
be competitive and open.
Upon the effectivity of this Act, any new generation company shall, before it operates, secure from the
Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) a certificate of compliance pursuant to the standards set forth in
this Act, as well as health, safety and environmental clearances from the appropriate government
agencies under existing laws.
Any law to the contrary notwithstanding, power generation shall not be considered a public utility
operation. For this purpose, any person or entity engaged or which shall engage in power generation
and supply of electricity shall not be required to secure a national franchise.
Upon implementation of retail competition and open access, the prices charged by a generation
company for the supply of electricity shall not be subject to regulation by the ERC except as otherwise
provided in this Act.
Pursuant to the objective of lowering electricity rates to end-users, sales of generated power by
generation companies shall be value added tax zero-rated.
The ERC shall, in determining the existence of market power abuse or anti-competitive behavior, require
from generation companies the submission of their financial statements.

SEC. 7 Transmission Sector.- The transmission of electric power shall be regulated common electricity
carries business, subject to the ratemaking powers of the ERC.
The ERC shall set the standards of the voltage transmission that shall distinguish the transmission from
the subtransmission assets. Pending the issuance of such new standards, the distinction between the
transmission and subtransmission assets shall be as follows: 230 kilovolts and above in the Luzon grid,
69 kilovolts and above in the Visayas and in the isolated distribution systems, and 138 kilovolts and
above in the Mindanao Grid: Provided, That for the Visayas and the isolated distribution system, should
the 69 kilovolt line not form part of the main transmission grid and be directly connected to the
substation of the distribution utility, it shall form part of the subtransmission system.

SEC. 8. Creation of the National Transmission Company.- There is hereby created a National
Transmission Corporation, hereinafter referred to as TRANSCO, which shall assume the electrical
transmission function of the National Power Corporation (NPC), and have the powers and functions
hereinafter granted. The TRANSCO shall assume the authority and responsibility of NPC for the planning,
construction and centralized operation and maintenance of its high voltage transmission facilities,
including grid interconnections and ancillary services.
Within six (6) months from the effectivity of this Act, the transmission and subtransmission facilities of
NPC and all other assets related to transmission operations, including the nationwide franchise of NPC
for the operation of the transmission system and the grid, shall be transferred to the TRANSCO. The
TRANSCO shall be wholly owned by the Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management Corporation
(PSALM Corp.).
The subtransmission functions and assets shall be segregated from the transmission functions, assets
and liabilities for transparency and disposal: Provided, That the subtransmission assets shall be operated
and maintained by TRANSCO until their disposal to qualified distribution utilities which are in a position
to take over the responsibility for operating, maintaining, upgrading, and expanding said assets. All
transmission and subtransmission related liabilities of NPC shall be transferred to and assumed by the
PSALM Corp.
TRANSCO shall negotiate with and thereafter transfer such functions, assets, and associated liabilities to
the qualified distribution utility or utilities connected to such subtransmission facilities not later than
two (2) years from the effectivity of this Act or the start of open access, whichever comes earlier:
Provided, That in the case of electric cooperatives, the TRANSCO shall grant concessional financing over
a period of twenty (20) years: Provided, however, That the installment payments to TRANSCO for the
acquisition of subtransmission facilities shall be given first priority by the electric cooperatives out of the
net income derived from such facilities. The TRANSCO shall determine the disposal value of the
subtransmission assets based on the revenue potential of such assets.
In case of disagreement in valuation, procedures, ownership participation and other issues, the ERC shall
resolve such issues. The take over by a distribution utility of any subtransmission asset shall not cause a
diminution of service and quality to the end-users. Where there are two or more connected distribution
utilities, the consortium or juridical entity shall be formed by and composed of all of them and
thereafter shall be granted a franchise to operate the subtransmission asset by the ERC.
The subscription rights of each distribution utility involved shall be proportionate to their load
requirements unless otherwise agreed by the parties.
Aside from the PSALM Corp., TRANSCO and connected distribution utilities, no third party shall be
allowed ownership or management participation, in whole or in part, in such subtransmission entity.
The TRANSCO may exercise the power of eminent domain subject to the requirements of the
Constitution and existing laws. Except as provided herein, no person, company or entity other than the
TRANSCO shall own any transmission facilities.
Prior to the transfer of the transmission functions by NPC to TRANSCO, and before the promulgation of
the Grid Code, ERC shall ensure that NPC shall provide to all electric power industry participants open
and non-discriminatory access to its transmission system. Any violation thereof shall be subject to the
fines and penalties imposed herein.

SEC. 9. Functions and Responsibilities. – Upon the effectivity of this Act, the TRANSCO shall have the
following functions and responsibilities:
(a) Act as the system operator of the nationwide electrical transmission and subtransmission system,
to be transferred to it by NPC;
(b) Provide open and non-discriminatory access to its transmission system to all electricity users;
(c) Ensure and maintain the reliability, adequacy, security, stability and integrity of the nationwide
electrical grid in accordance with the performance standards for the operations and maintenance
of the grid, as set forth in a Grid Code to be adopted and promulgated by the ERC within six (6)
months from the effectivity of this Act;
(d) Improve and expand its transmission facilities, consistent with the Grid Code and the Transmission
Development Plan (TDP) to be promulgated pursuant to this Act, to adequately serve generation
companies, distribution utilities and suppliers requiring transmission service and/or ancillary
services through the transmission system: Provided, That TRANSCO shall submit any plan for
expansion or improvement of its facilities for approval by the ERC;
(e) Subject to technical constraints, the grid operator of the TRANSCO shall provide central dispatch of
all generation facilities connected, directly or indirectly, to the transmission system in accordance
with the dispatch schedule submitted by the market operator, taking into account outstanding
bilateral contracts; and
(f) TRANSCO shall undertake the preparation of the TDP.
In the preparation of the TDP, TRANSCO shall consult the other participants of the electric power
industry such as the generation companies, distribution utilities, and the electricity end-users. The TDP
shall be submitted to the DOE for integration with the Power Development Program and the Philippine
Energy Plan, provided for in Republic Act No. 7638 otherwise known as ‘the Department of Energy Act of
1992”.
A generation company may develop and own or operate dedicated point-to-point limited transmission
facilities that are consistent with the TDP: Provided, That such facilities are required only for the purpose
of connecting to the transmission system, and are used solely by the generating facility, subject to prior
authorization by the ERC: Provided, further, That in the event that such assets are required for
competitive purposes, ownership of the same shall be transferred to the TRANSCO at a fair market
price: Provided, finally, That in the case of disagreement on the fair market price, the ERC shall
determine the fair market value of the asset.

SEC. 10. Corporate Powers of the TRANSCO. – As a corporate entity, TRANSCO shall have the following
corporate powers:
(a) To have continuous succession under its corporate name until otherwise provided by law;
(b) To adopt and use a corporate seal and to change, alter or modify the same, if necessary;
(c) To sue and be sued;
(d) To enter into a contract and execute any instrument necessary or convenient for the purpose for
which it is created;
(e) To borrow funds from any source, whether private or public, foreign or domestic, and issue bonds
and other evidence of indebtedness: Provided. That in the case of the bond issues, it shall be
subject to the approval of the President of the Philippines upon recommendation of the Secretary
of Finance: Provided, further, That foreign loans shall be obtained in accordance with existing laws,
rules and regulations of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas;
(f) To maintain a provident fund which consists of contributions made by both the TRANSCO and its
officials and employees and their earnings for the payment of benefits to such officials and
employees or their heirs under such terms and conditions as it may prescribe;
(g) To do any act necessary or proper to carry out the purpose for which it is created, or which, from
time to time, may be declared by the TRANSCO Board as necessary, useful, incidental or auxilliary
to accomplish its purposes and objectives; and,
(h) Generally, to exercise all the powers of a corporation under the corporation law insofar as they are
not inconsistent with this Act.

SEC. 11. TRANSCO Board of Directors. – All the powers of the TRANSCO shall be vested in and exercised
by a Board of Directors. The Board shall be composed of a Chairman and six (6) members.
The Secretary of the Department of Finance (DOF) shall be the ex officio Chairman of the Board. The
other members of the TRANSCO Board shall include the Secretary of the Department of Energy (DOE),
the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the President of
TRANSCO, and three (3) members to be appointed by the President, each representing Luzon, Visayas
and Mindanao.
The members of the Board so appointed by the President of the Philippines shall serve for a term of six
(6) years, except that any person appointed to fill-in a vacancy shall serve only the unexpired term of
his/her predecessor in office. All members of the Board shall be professionals of recognized competence
and expertise in the fields of engineering , finance, economics, law or business management. No
member of the Board or any of his relatives within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity
shall have any interest, either as investor, officer or director, in any generation company or distribution
utility or other entity engaged in transmitting, generating and supplying electricity specified by ERC.
SEC. 12. Powers and Duties of the Board. – The following are the powers of the Board:
(a) To provide strategic direction for TRANSCO, and formulate medium and long-term strategies
pursuant to the vision, mission, and objectives of TRANSCO;
(b) To develop and adopt policies and measures for the efficient and effective management and
operation of TRANSCO;
(c) To organize, re-organize, and determine the organizational structure and staffing patterns of
TRANSCO; abolish and create offices and positions; fix the number of its officers and employees;
transfer and re-align such officers and personnel; fix their compensation, allowance, and benefits;
(d) To fix the compensation of the President of TRANSCO and to appoint and fix the compensation of
other corporate officers;
(e) For cause, to suspend or remove any corporate officer appointed by the Board;
(f) To adopt and set guidelines for the employment of personnel on the basis of merit, technical
competence, and moral character; and
(g) Any provisions of the law to the contrary notwithstanding, to write-off bad debts.

SEC. 13. Board Meetings. – The Board shall meet as often as may be necessary upon the call of the
Chairman of the Board or by a majority of the Board members.

SEC. 14. Board Per Diems and Allowances. – The members of the Board shall receive per diem for each
regular or special meeting of the board actually attended by them, and, upon approval of the Secretary
of the Department of Finance, such other allowances as the Board may prescribe.

SEC. 15. Quorum. – The presence of at least four (4) members of the Board shall constitute a quorum,
which shall be necessary for the transaction of any business. The affirmative vote of a majority of the
members present in a quorum shall be adequate for the approval of any resolution, decision or order,
except when the Board shall otherwise agree that a greater vote is required.

SEC. 16. Powers of the President of TRANSCO. – The President of TRANSCO shall be appointed by the
President of the Philippines. In the absence of the Chairman, the President shall preside over board
meetings. The President of TRANSCO shall be the Chief Executive Officer of TRANSCO and shall have the
following powers and duties:
(a) To execute and administer the policies and measures approved by the Board, and take
responsibility for the efficient discharge of management functions;
(b) To oversee the preparation of the budget of TRANSCO;
(c) To direct and supervise the operation and internal administration of TRANSCO and, for this
purpose, may delegate some or any of his administrative responsibilities and duties to other
officers of TRANSCO;
(d) Subject to the guidelines and policies set up by the Board, to appoint and fix the number and
compensation of subordinate officials and employees of TRANSCO; and for cause, to remove,
suspend, or otherwise discipline any subordinate employee of TRANSCO;
(e) To submit an annual report to the Board on the activities and achievements of TRANSCO at the
close of each fiscal year and upon approval thereof, submit a copy to the President of the
Philippines and to such other agencies as may be required by law;
(f) To represent TRANSCO in all dealings and transactions with other offices, agencies, and
instrumentalities of the Government and with all persons and other entities, private or public,
domestic or foreign; and
(g) To exercise such other powers and duties as may be vested in him by the Board from time to time.
SEC. 17. Exemption from the Salary Standardization Law. – The salaries and benefits of employees in the
TRANSCO shall be exempt from Republic Act. No. 6758 and shall be fixed by the TRANSCO Board.

SEC. 18. Profits. – The net profit, if any, of TRANSCO shall be remitted to the PSALM Corp. not later than
ninety (90) days after the immediately preceding quarter.

SEC. 19. Transmission Charges. – The transmission charges of the TRANSCO shall be filed with and
approved by the ERC pursuant to Paragraph (f) of Section 43 hereof.

SEC. 20. TRANSCO Related Businesses. – TRANSCO may engage in any related business which maximizes
utilization of its assets: Provided, That a portion of the net income derived from such undertaking
utilizing assets which form part of the rate base shall be used to reduce transmission wheeling rates as
determined by the ERC. Such portion of net income used to reduce the transmission wheeling rates shall
not exceed fifty percent (50%) of the net income derived from such undertaking.
Separate accounts shall be maintained for each business undertaking to ensure that the transmission
business shall neither subsidize in any way such business undertaking nor encumber its transmission
assets in any way to support such business.

SEC. 21. TRANSCO Privatization. – Within six (6) months from the effectivity of this Act, the PSALM Corp.
shall submit a plan for the endorsement by the Joint Power Commission and the approval of the
President of the Philippines. The President of the Philippines thereafter shall direct PSALM Corp. to
award in open competitive bidding, the transmission facilities, including grid interconnections and
ancillary services to a qualified party either through an outright sale or a concession contract. The
buyer/concessionaire shall be responsible for the improvement, expansion, operation, and/or
maintenance of its transmission assets and the operation of any related business. The award shall result
in maximum present value of proceeds to the national government. In case a concession contract is
awarded, the concessionaire shall have a contract period of twenty-five (25) years, subject to review and
renewal for a maximum period of another twenty-five (25) years.
In any case, the awardee shall comply with the Grid code and the TDP as approved. The sale
agreement/concession contract shall include, but not limited to, the provision for performance and
financial guarantees or any other covenants which the national government may require. Failure to
comply with such obligations shall result in the imposition of appropriate sanctions or penalties by the
ERC.
The awardee shall be financially and technically capable, with proven domestic and./or international
experience and expertise as a leading transmission system operator. Such experience must be with a
transmission system of comparable capacity and coverage as the Philippines.

SEC. 22. Distribution Sector. – The distribution of electricity to end-users shall be a regulated common
carrier business requiring a national franchise. Distribution of electric power to all end-users may be
undertaken by private distribution utilities, cooperatives, local government units presently undertaking
this function and other duly authorized entities, subject to regulation by the ERC.

SEC. 23. Functions of Distribution Utilities. – A distribution utility shall have the obligation to provide
distribution services and connections to its system for any end-user within its franchise area consistent
with the distribution code. Any entity engaged therein shall provide open and non-discriminatory access
to its distribution system to all users.
Any distribution utility shall be entitled to impose and collect distribution wheeling charges and
connection fees from such end-users as approved by the ERC. A distribution utility shall have the
obligation to supply electricity in the least cost manner to its captive market, subject to the collection of
retail rate duly approved by the ERC.
To achieve economies of scale in utility operations, distribution utilities may, after due notice and public
hearing, pursue structural and operational reforms such as but not limited to, joint actions between or
among the distribution utilities, subject to the guidelines issued by the ERC. Such joint actions shall
result in improved efficiencies, reliability of service, reduction of costs and compliance to the
performance standards prescribed in the IRR of this Act.
Distribution utilities shall submit to the ERC a statement of their compliance with the technical
specifications prescribed in the Distribution Code and the performance standards prescribed in the IRR
of this Act. Distribution utilities which do not comply with any of the prescribed technical specifications
and performance standards shall submit to the ERC a plan to comply, within three (3) years, with said
prescribed technical specifications and performance standards. The ERC shall, within sixty (60) days
upon receipt of such plan, evaluate the same and notify the distribution utility concerned of its action.
Failure to submit a feasible and credible plan and/or failure to implement the same shall serve as
grounds for the imposition of appropriate sanctions, fines or penalties. Distribution utilities shall prepare
and submit to the DOE their annual distributions developments plans. In the case of electric
cooperatives, such plans shall be submitted through the National Electrification Administration.
Distribution utilities shall provide universal service within their franchise, over a reasonable time from
the requirement thereof, including unviable areas, as part of their social obligations, in a manner that
shall sustain the economic viability of the utility, subject to the approval by the ERC in the case of private
or government-owned utilities. To this end, distribution utilities shall submit to the DOE their plans for -
serving such areas as part of their distribution development plans. Areas which a franchised distribution
utility cannot or does not find viable may be transferred to another distribution utility, if any is available,
who will provide the service, subject approval by ERC. In cases where franchise holders fail and/or
refuse to service any area within their franchise territory and allowed another utility to service the
same, then the status quo shall be respected.
Distribution utilities may exercise the power of eminent domain subject to the requirements of the
Constitution and existing laws.

SEC. 24. Distribution Wheeling Charge. – The distribution wheeling charges of distribution utilities shall
be filed with and approved by the ERC pursuant to Paragraph (f) of Section 43 hereof.

SEC.25. Retail Rate. – The retail rates charged by distribution utilities for the supply of electricity in their
captive market shall be subject to regulation by the ERC based on the principle of full recovery of
prudent and reasonable economic costs incurred, or such other principles that will promote efficiency as
may be determined by the ERC.
Every distribution utility shall identify and segregate in its bills to end-users the components of the retail
rate, as defined in this Act.

SEC. 26. Distribution Related Businesses. – Distribution utilities may, directly or indirectly, engage in any
related business undertaking which maximizes the utilization of their assets: Provided, That a portion of
the net income derived from such undertaking utilizing assets which form part of the rate base shall be
used to reduce its distribution wheeling charges as determined by the ERC. Provided, further, That such
portion of net income used to reduce their distribution wheeling charges shall not exceed fifty percent
(50%) of the net income derived from such undertaking: Provided, finally, That separate accounts are
maintained for each business undertaking to ensure that the distribution business shall neither subsidize
in any way such business undertaking nor encumber its distribution assets in any way to support such
business.
SEC. 27. Franchising Power in the Electric Power Sector. – The power to grant franchises to persons
engaged in the transmission and distribution of electricity shall be vested exclusively in the Congress of
the Philippines and all laws inconsistent with this Act particularly, but not limited to, Section 43 of PD
269, otherwise known as the “National Electrification Decree”, are hereby deemed repealed or modified
accordingly: Provided, That all existing franchises shall be allowed to their full term: Provided, further,
That in the case of electric cooperatives, renewals and cancellations shall remain with the National
Electrification Commission under the National Electrification Administration for five (5) more years after
the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 28. De-Monopolization and Shareholding Dispersal. – In compliance with the constitutional
mandate for dispersal of ownership and de-monopolization of public utilities, the holdings of persons,
natural or juridical, including directors, officers, stockholders and related interests, in a distribution
utility and their respective holding companies shall not exceed twenty-five (25%) percent of the voting
shares of stock unless the utility or the company holding the shares or its controlling stockholders are
already listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE): Provided, That controlling stockholders of small
distribution utilities are hereby required to list in the PSE within five (5) years from the enactment of this
Act if they already own the stocks. New controlling stockholders shall undertake such listing within five
(5) years from the time they acquire ownership and control. A small distribution company is one whose
peak demand is equal to or less than Ten megawatts (10MW).
The ERC shall, within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act, promulgate the rules and regulations
to implement and effect this provision. This Section shall not apply to electric cooperatives.

SEC. 29. Supply Sector. – The supply sector is a business affected with public interest. Except for
distribution utilities and electric cooperatives with respect to their existing franchise areas, all suppliers
of electricity to the contestable market shall require a license from the ERC.
For this purpose, the ERC shall promulgate rules and regulations prescribing the qualifications of
electricity suppliers which shall include, among other requirements, a demonstration of their technical
capability, financial capability, and creditworthiness: Provided, That the ERC shall have authority to
require electricity suppliers to furnish a bond or other evidence of the ability of a supplier to withstand
market disturbances or other events that may increase the cost of providing service. Any law to the
contrary notwithstanding , supply of electricity to the contestable market shall not be considered a
public utility operation. For this purpose, any person or entity which shall engage in the supply of
electricity to the contestable market shall not be required to secure a national franchise.
The prices to be charged by suppliers for the supply of electricity to the contestable market shall not be
subject to regulation by the ERC.
Electricity suppliers shall be subject to the rules and regulations concerning abuse of market power,
cartelization, and other anti-competitive or discriminatory behavior to be promulgated by the ERC. In its
billings to end-users, every supplier shall identify and segregate the components of its supplier’s charge,
as defined herein.

SEC. 30. Wholesale Electricity Spot Market. – Within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act, the DOE
shall establish a wholesale electricity spot market composed of the wholesale electricity spot market
participants. The market shall provide the mechanism for identifying and setting the price of actual
variations from the quantities transacted under contracts between sellers and purchasers of electricity.
Jointly with the electric power industry participants, the DOE shall formulate the detailed rules for the
wholesale electricity spot market. Said rules shall provide the mechanism for determining the price of
electricity not covered by bilateral contracts between sellers and purchasers of electricity users. The
price determination methodology contained in said rules shall be subject to the approval of ERC. Said
rules shall also reflect accepted economic principles and provide a level playing field to all electric power
industry participants. The rules shall provide, among others, procedures for:
(a) Establishing the merit order dispatch instructions for each time period;
(b) Determining the market-clearing price for each time period;
(c) Administering the market, including criteria for admission to and termination from the market
which includes security or performance bond requirements, voting rights of the participants,
surveillance and assurance of compliance of the participants with the rules and the formation of
the wholesale electricity spot market governing body;
(d) Prescribing guidelines for the market operation in system emergencies; and
(e) Amending the rules.
The wholesale electricity spot market shall be implemented by a market operator in accordance with
the wholesale electricity spot market rules. The market operator shall be an autonomous group, to be
constituted by DOE, with equitable representation from electric power industry participants, initially
under the administrative supervision of the TRANSCO. The market operator shall undertake the
preparatory work and initial operation of the wholesale electricity spot market. Not later than one (1)
year after the implementation of the wholesale electricity spot market, an independent entity shall be
formed and the functions, assets and liabilities of the market operator shall be transferred to such entity
with the joint endorsement of the DOE and the electric power industry participants. Thereafter, the
administrative supervision of the TRANSCO over such entity shall cease.
Subject to the compliance with the membership criteria, all generating companies, distribution utilities,
suppliers, bulk consumers/end-users and other similar entities authorized by the ERC shall be eligible to
become members of the wholesale electricity spot market. The ERC may authorize other similar entities
to become eligible as members, either directly or indirectly, of the wholesale electricity spot market. All
generating companies, distribution utilities, suppliers, bulk consumers/end-users and other similar
entities authorized by the ERC, whether direct or indirect members of the wholesale electricity spot
market, shall be bound by the wholesale electricity spot market, shall be bound by the wholesale
electricity spot market rules with respect to transactions in that market.
NEA may, in exchange for adequate security and a guarantee fee, act as a guarantor for purchases of
electricity in the wholesale electricity spot market by any electric cooperative or small distribution utility
to support their credit standing consistent with the provisions hereof. For this purpose, the authorized
capital stock of NEA is hereby increased to Fifteen billion pesos (P15,000,000,000.00)
All electric cooperatives which have outstanding uncollected billings to any local government unit shall
report such billings to NEA which shall, in turn, report the same to the Department of Budget and
Management (DBM) for collection pursuant to Executive Order 190 issued on December 21, 1999. The
cost of administering and operating the wholesale electricity spot market shall be recovered by the
market operator through a charge imposed to all market members: Provided, That such charge shall be
filed with and approved by the ERC.
In cases of national and international security emergencies or natural calamities, the ERC is hereby
empowered to suspend the operation of the wholesale electricity spot market or declare a temporary
wholesale electricity spot market failure.

SEC. 31. Retail Competition and Open Access. – Any law to the contrary notwithstanding, retail
competition and open access on distribution wires shall be implemented not later than three (3) years
upon the effectivity of this Act, subject to the following conditions:
(a) Establishment of the wholesale electricity spot market;
(b) Approval of unbundled transmission and distribution wheeling charges;
(c) Initial implementation of the cross subsidy removal scheme;
 (d) Privatization of at least seventy (70%) percent of the total capacity of generating assets of NPC in
Luzon and Visayas; and
(e) Transfer of the management and control of at least seventy percent (70%) of the total energy
output of power plants under contract with NPC to the IPP Administrators.
Upon the initial implementation of open access, the ERC shall allow all electricity end-users with a
monthly average peak demand of at least one megawatt (1MW) for the preceding twelve (12) months to
be the contestable market. Two (2) years thereafter, the threshold level for the contestable market shall
be reduced to seven hundred fifty kilowatts (750kW). At this level, aggregators shall be allowed to
supply electricity to end-users whose aggregate demand within a contiguous area is at least seven
hundred fifty kilowatts (750kW). Subsequently and every year thereafter, the ERC shall evaluate the
performance of the market. On the basis of such evaluation, it shall gradually reduce threshold level
until it reaches the household demand level. In the case of electric cooperatives, retail competition and
open access shall be implemented not earlier than five (5) years upon the effectivity of this Act.

SEC. 32. NPC Stranded Debt and Contract Cost Recovery. – Stranded debt of NPC shall refer to any
unpaid financial obligations of NPC. Stranded contract costs of NPC shall refer to the excess of the
contracted cost of electricity under eligible IPP contracts of NPC over the actual selling price of the
contracted energy output of such contracts in the market. Such contracts shall have been approved by
the ERB as of December 31, 2000.
The national government shall directly assume a portion of the financial obligations of NPC in an amount
not to exceed Two hundred billion pesos (P200,000,000,000,00) The ERC shall verify the reasonable
amounts and determine the manner and duration for the full recovery of stranded debt and stranded
contract costs as defined herein: Provided, That the duration for such recovery shall not be shorter than
fifteen (15) years nor longer than twenty-five (25) years. The ERC shall, at the end of the first year of the
implementation of stranded cost recovery and every year thereafter, conducts a review to determine
whether there is under-recovery or over-recovery and adjust (tune-up) the level of stranded cost
recovery charge accordingly. Any amount to be included for stranded cost recovery shall be reflected as
a separate item in the consumer billing statement.

SEC. 33. Distribution Utilities Stranded Contract Costs Recovery. – Stranded contract costs of distribution
utilities shall refer to the excess of the contracted cost of electricity under eligible contracts of such
utilities over the actual selling price of such contracts in the market. Such contracts shall have been
approved by the ERB as of December 31, 2000.
A distribution utility shall recover stranded contract costs: Provided, however, That such costs of the IPPs
of distribution utilities are subject to review by ERC in order to determine fairness and reasonableness in
relation to the average price of land-based IPP projects entered into by NPC at the time they were
contracted. The ERC shall take into consideration all factors that affect the total cost of NPC IPP
generation projects, including direct or indirect subsidies or incentives provided by the Government.
Within one (1) year from the start of open access, any distribution utility that seeks recovery of stranded
contract costs shall file with the ERC notice of such intent together with an estimate of such obligations,
including the present value thereof and such other supporting data as may be required by the ERC. Any
distribution utility that does not file within the date specified shall not be eligible for such recovery. Any
distribution utility which seeks to recover stranded cost shall have a duty to mitigate its potential
stranded contract costs by making reasonable best efforts to:
(a) reduce the costs of its existing contracts with IPPs to a level not exceeding the average buying price
of other land-based electric power generators; and
(b) submit to an annual earnings review by the ERC and use its earnings above its authorized rate of
return to reduce the book value of contracts until the end of the stranded cost recovery period.
Other mitigating measures which are reasonably known and generally accepted within the electric
power industry shall be utilized. The ERC shall not require the distribution utility to take a loss to reduce
stranded contract costs or divest assets, unless the divestiture is imposed as a penalty as provided
herein.
The relevant distribution utility shall submit to the ERC quarterly reports showing the amount of
stranded costs recovered and the balance remaining to be recovered.
Within three (3) months from the submission of the application for stranded cost recovery by the
relevant distribution utilities, the ERC shall verify the reasonable amounts and determine the manner
and duration for the full recovery of stranded contract costs as defined herein: Provided, That the
duration for such recovery shall not be shorter than fifteen (15) years nor longer than twenty-five (25)
years. Any amount to be included for stranded cost recovery shall be reflected as a separate item in the
consumer billing statement.
The ERC shall, at the end of the first year of the implementation of stranded cost recovery and every
year thereafter, conduct a review to determine whether there is under-recovery or over recovery and
adjust (true-up) the level of stranded cost recovery charge accordingly. In case of an over-recovery, the
ERC shall ensure that any excess amount shall be remitted to the Special Trust Fund created under
Section 34 hereof. A separate account shall be created for these amounts which shall be held in trust for
any future claims of distribution utilities for stranded cost recovery. At the end of the stranded cost
recovery period, any remaining amount in this account shall be used to reduce the electricity rates to
the end-users.

SEC. 34. Universal Charge. – Within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act, a universal charge to be
determined, fixed and approved by the ERC., shall be imposed on all electricity end-users for the
following purposes:
(a) Payment for the stranded debts in excess of the amount assumed by the National Government and
stranded contract costs of NPC and as well as qualified stranded contract costs of distribution
utilities resulting from the restructuring of the industry;
(b) Missionary electrification;
(c) The equalization of the taxes and royalties applied to indigenous or renewable sources of energy
vis-a-vis imported energy fuels;
(d) An environmental charge equivalent to one-fourth of one centavo per kilowatt-hour
(P0.0025/kWh), which shall accrue to an environmental fund to be used solely for watershed
rehabilitation and management. Said fund shall be managed by NPC under existing arrangements;
and
(e) A charge to account for all forms of cross-subsidies for a period not exceeding three (3) years.
The universal charge shall be non-bypassable charge which shall be passed on and collected from all
end-users on a monthly basis by the distribution utilities. Collections by the distribution utilities and the
TRANSCO in any given month shall be remitted to the PSALM Corp. on or before the fifteenth (15th) of
the succeeding month, net of any amount due to the distribution utility. Any end-user or self-generating
entity not connected to a distribution utility shall remit its corresponding universal charge directly to the
TRANSCO.
The PSALM Corp., as administrator of the fund, shall create a Special Trust Fund which shall be disbursed
only for the purposes specified herein in an open and transparent manner. All amounts collected for the
universal charge shall be distributed to the respective beneficiaries within a reasonable period to be
provided by the ERC.

SEC. 35. Royalties, Returns and Tax Rates for Indigenous Energy Resources. – The provisions of Section
79 of Commonwealth Act No. 137 (C.A. No. 137) and any law to the contrary notwithstanding, the
President of the Philippines shall reduce the royalties, returns and taxes collected for the exploitation of
all indigenous sources of energy, including but not limited to, natural gas and geothermal steam, so as to
effect parity of tax treatment with the existing rates for imported coal, crude oil, bunker fuel and other
imported fuels.
To ensure lower rates for end-users, the ERC shall forthwith reduce the rates of power from all
indigenous sources of energy.

SEC. 36. Unbundling of Rates and Functions. – Within six (6) months from the effectivity of this Act, NPC
shall file with the ERC its revised rates. The rates of NPC shall be unbundled between transmission and
generation rates and the rates shall reflect the respective costs of providing each service.
Inter-grid and intra-grid cross subsidies for both the transmission and the generation rates shall be
removed in accordance with this Act.
Within six (6) months from the effectivity of this Act, each distribution utility shall file its revised rates
for the approval by the ERC. The distribution wheeling charge shall be unbundled from the retail rate
and the rates shall reflect the respective costs of providing each service. For both the distribution retail
wheeling and supplier’s charges, inter-class subsidies shall be removed in accordance with this Act.
Within six (6) months from the date of submission of revised rates by NPC and each distribution utility,
the ERC shall notify the entities of their approval.
Any electric power industry participant shall functionally and structurally unbundle its business activities
and rates in accordance with the sectors as identified in Section 5 hereof. The ERC shall ensure full
compliance with this provision.

CHAPTER III
ROLE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
SEC. 37. Powers and Functions of the DOE.- In addition to its existing powers and functions, the DOE is
hereby mandated to supervise the restructuring of the electricity industry. In pursuance thereof, Section
5 of RA 7638 otherwise known as “The Department of Energy Act of 1992” is hereby amended to read as
follows:
(a) Formulate policies for the planning and implementation of a comprehensive program for the
efficient supply and economical use of energy consistent with the approved national economic plan
and with the policies on environmental protection and conservation and maintenance of ecological
balance, and provide a mechanism for the integration, rationalization, and coordination of the
various energy programs of the Government;
(b) Develop and update annually the existing Philippine Energy Plan, hereinafter referred to as ‘The
Plan’, which shall provide for an integrated and comprehensive exploration, development,
utilization, distribution, and conservation of energy resources, with preferential bias for
environment-friendly, indigenous, and low-cost sources of energy. The plan shall include a policy
direction towards the privatization of government agencies related to energy, deregulation of the
power and energy industry, and reduction of dependency on oil-fired plants. Said Plan shall be
submitted to Congress not later than the fifteenth day of September and every year thereafter;
(c) Prepare and update annually a Power Development Program (PDP) and integrate the same into the
Philippine Energy Plan. The PDP shall consider and integrate the individual or joint development
plans of the transmission, generation, and distribution sectors of the electric power industry, which
are submitted to the Department: Provide, however, That the ERC shall have exclusive authority
covering the Grid Code and the pertinent rules and regulations it may issue;
(d) Ensure the reliability, quality and security of supply of electric power;
(e) Following the restructuring of the electricity sector, the DOE shall, among others:
 (i) Encourage private sector investments in the electricity sector and promote development of
indigenous and renewable energy sources;
(ii) Facilitate and encourage reforms in the structure and operations of distribution utilities for
greater efficiency and lower costs;
(iii) In consultation with other government agencies, promote a system of incentives to encourage
industry participants, including new generating companies and end-users to provide adequate
and reliable electric supply; and
(iv) Undertake in coordination with the ERC, NPC, NEA and the Philippine Information Agency (PIA),
information campaign to educate the public on the restructuring of the electricity sector and
privatization of NPC assets.
(f) Jointly with the electric power industry participants, establish the wholesale electricity spot market
and formulate the detailed rules governing the operations thereof;
(g) Establish and administer programs for the exploration, transportation, marketing, distribution,
utilization, conservation, stockpiling, and storage of energy resources of all forms, whether
conventional or non-conventional;
(h) Exercise supervision and control over all government activities relative to energy projects in order
to attain the goals embodied in Section 2 of RA 7638;
(i) Develop policies and procedures and, as appropriate, promote a system of energy development
incentives to enable and encourage electric power industry participants to provide adequate
capacity to meet demand including, among others, reserve requirements;
(j) Monitor private sector activities relative to energy projects in order to attain the goals of the
restructuring , privatization, and modernization of the electric power sector as provided for under
existing laws: Provided, That the Department shall endeavor to provide for an environment
conducive to free and active private sector participation and investment in all energy activities;
(k) Assess the requirements of, determine priorities for, provide direction to, and disseminate
information resulting from energy research and development programs for the optimal
development of various forms of energy production and utilization technologies;
(l) Formulate and implement programs, including a system of providing incentives and penalties, for
the judicious and efficient use of energy in all energy-consuming sectors of the economy;
(m) Formulate and implement a program for the accelerated development of non-conventional
energy systems and the promotion and commercialization of its applications;
(n) Devise ways and means of giving direct benefit to the province, city, or municipality, especially the
community and people affected, and equitable preferential benefit to the region that hosts the
energy resource and/or the energy-generating facility: Provided, however, That the other
provinces, cities, municipalities, or regions shall not be deprived of their energy requirements;
(o) Encourage private enterprises engaged in energy projects, including corporations, cooperatives,
and similar collective organizations, to broaden the base of their ownership and thereby encourage
the widest public ownership of energy-oriented corporations;
(p) Formulate such rules and regulations as may be necessary to implement the objectives of this Act;
and
(q) Exercise such other powers as may be necessary or incidental to attain the objectives of this Act.

CHAPTER IV
REGULATION OF THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY
SEC. 38. Creation of the Energy Regulatory Commission. There is hereby created an independent, quasi-
judicial regulatory body to be named the Energy Regulatory Commissions (ERC). For this purpose, the
existing Energy Regulatory Board (ERB) created under Executive Order No. 172, as amended, is hereby
abolished.
The Commission shall be composed of a Chairman and four (4) members to be appointed by the
President of the Philippines. The Chairman and the members of the Commission shall be natural-born
citizens and residents of the Philippines, persons of good moral character, at least thirty-five (35) years
of age, and of recognized competence in any of the following fields: energy, law, economics, finance,
commerce, or engineering, with at least three (3) years actual and distinguished experience in their
respective fields of expertise: Provided, That out of the four (4) members of the Commission, at least
one (1) shall be a member of the Philippine Bar with at least ten (10) years experience in the active
practice of law, and one (1) shall be a certified public accountant with at least ten (10) years experience
in active practice.
Within three (3) months from the creation of the ERC, the Chairman shall submit for the approval by the
President of the Philippines the new organizational structure and plantilla positions necessary to carry
out the powers and functions of the ERC.
The Chairman of the Commission, who shall be a member of the Philippine Bar, shall act as the Chief
Executive Officer of the Commission.
All members of the Commission shall have a term of seven (7) years: Provided, That for the first
appointees, the Chairman shall hold office for seven (7) years, two (2) members shall hold office for five
(5) years and the other two (2) members shall hold office for three (3) years; Provided, further, That
appointment to any future vacancy shall only be for the unexpired term of the predecessor: Provided,
finally, That there shall be no reappointment and in no case shall any member serve for more than
seven (7) years in the Commission.
The Chairman and members of the Commission shall assume office of the beginning of their terms:
Provided, That, if upon the effectivity of this Act, the Commission has not been constituted and the new
staffing pattern and plantilla positions have not been approved and filled-up, the current Board and
existing personnel of ERB shall continue to hold office.
The existing personnel of the ERB, if qualified, shall be given preference in the filling up of plantilla
positions created in the ERC, subject to existing civil service rules and regulations.
Members of the Commission shall enjoy security of tenure and shall not be suspended or removed from
office except for just cause as specified by law.
The Chairman and members of the Commission or any of their relatives within the fourth civil degree of
consanguinity or affinity, legitimate or common law, shall be prohibited from holding any interest
whatsoever, either as investor, stockholder, officer or director, in any company or entity engaged in the
business of transmitting, generating, supplying or distributing any form of energy and must, therefore,
divest through sale or legal disposition of any and all interests in the energy sector upon assumption of
office.
The presence of at least three (3) members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum and the
majority vote of two (2) members in a meeting where a quorum is present shall be necessary for the
adoption of any rule, ruling, order, resolution, decision, or other act of the Commission in the exercise of
its quasi-judicial functions: Provided, That in fixing rates and tariffs, an affirmative vote of three (3)
members shall be required.

SEC. 39. Compensation and Other Emoluments for ERC Personnel. – The compensation and other
emoluments for the Chairman and members of the Commission and the ERC personnel shall be
exempted from the coverage of Republic Act No. 6758, otherwise known as the “Salary Standardization
Act”. For this purpose, the schedule of compensation of the ERC personnel, except for the initial salaries
and compensation of the Chairman and members of the Commission, shall be submitted for approval by
the President of the Philippines. The new schedule of compensation shall be implemented within six (6)
months from the effectivity of this Act and may be upgraded by the President of the Philippines as the
need arises: Provided, That in no case shall the rate be upgraded more than once a year.
The Chairman and members of the Commission shall initially be entitled to the same salaries, allowances
and benefits as those of the Presiding Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, respectively.
The Chairman and the members of the Commission shall, upon completion of their term or upon
becoming eligible for retirement under existing laws, be entitled to the same retirement benefits and
the privileges provided for the Presiding Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court,
respectively.

SEC. 40. Enhancement of Technical Competence. – The ERC shall establish rigorous training programs for
its staff for the purpose of enhancing the technical competence of the ERC in the following areas:
evaluation of technical performance and monitoring of compliance with service and performance
standards, performance-based rate-setting reform, environmental standards and such other areas as
will enable the ERC to adequately perform its duties and functions.

SEC. 41. Promotion of Consumer Interests. – The ERC shall handle consumer complaints and ensure the
adequate promotion of consumer interests.

SEC. 42. Budget of the ERC. – The amount of One hundred fifty million pesos (P150,000,000.00) is hereby
allocated from the existing budget of the ERB for the initial operation of the ERC. Any balance shall
initially be sourced from the Office of the President of the Philippines. Thereafter, the annual budget of
the ERC shall be included in the regular or special appropriations.

SEC. 43. Functions of the ERC. –The ERC shall promote competition, encourage market development,
ensure customer choice and penalize abuse of market power in the restructured electricity industry. In
appropriate cases, the ERC is authorized to issue cease and desist order after due notice and hearing.
Towards this end, it shall be responsible for the following key functions in the restuctured industry:
(a) Enforce the implementing rules and regulations of this Act;
(b) Within six (6) months from the effectivity of this Act, promulgate and enforce, in accordance with
law, a National Grid Code and a Distribution Code which shall include, but not limited to, the
following:
(i) Performance standards for TRANSCO O & M Concessionaire, distribution utilities and suppliers:
Provided, That in the establishment of the performance standards, the nature and function of the
entities shall be considered; and
(ii) Financial capability standards for the generating companies, the TRANSCO, distribution utilities
and suppliers: Provided, further, That such standards are set to ensure that the electric power
industry participants meet the minimum financial standards to protect the public interest.
Determine, fix, and approve, after due notice and public hearings the universal charge, to be
imposed on all electricity end-users pursuant to Section 34 hereof.
(c) Enforce the rules and regulations governing the operations of the electricity spot market and the
activities of the spot market operator and other participants in the spot market, for the purpose of
ensuring a greater supply and rational pricing of electricity;
(d) Determine the level of cross subsidies in the existing retail rate until the same is removed pursuant
to Section 74 hereof;
(e) Amend or revoke, after due notice and hearing, the authority to operate of any person or entity
which fails to comply with the provisions hereof, the IRR or any order or resolution of the ERC. In
the event a divestment is required, the ERC shall allow the affected party sufficient time to remedy
the infraction or for an orderly disposal, but in no case exceed twelve (12) months from the
issuance of the order;
(f) In the public interest, establish and enforce a methodology for setting transmission and distribution
wheeling rates and retail rates for the captive market of a distribution utility, taking into account all
relevant considerations, including the efficiency or inefficiency of the regulated entities. The rates
must be such as to allow the recovery of just and reasonable costs and a reasonable return on rate
base (RORB) to enable the entity to operate viably. The ERC may adopt alternative forms of
internationally-accepted rate-setting methodology as it may deem appropriate. The rate-setting
methodology so adopted and applied must ensure a reasonable price of electricity. The rates
prescribed shall be non-discriminatory. To achieve this objective and to ensure the complete
removal of cross subsidies, the cap on the recoverable rate of system losses prescribed in Section
10 of Republic Act No. 7832, is hereby amended and shall be replaced by caps which shall be
determined by the ERC based on load density, sales mix, cost of service, delivery voltage and other
technical considerations it may promulgate. The ERC shall determine such form or rate-setting
methodology, which shall promote efficiency. In case the rate setting methodology used is RORB, it
shall be subject to the following guidelines:
(i) For purposes of determining the rate base, the TRANSCO or any distribution utility may be
allowed to revalue its eligible assets not more than once every three (3) years by an independent
appraisal company: Provided, however, That ERC may give an exemption in case of unusual
devaluation: Provided, further, That the ERC shall exert efforts to minimize price shocks in order
to protect the consumers;
(ii) Interest expenses are not allowable deductions from permissible return on rate base;
(iii) In determining eligible cost of services that will be passed on to the end-users, the ERC shall
establish minimum efficiency performance standards for the TRANSCO and distribution utilities
including systems losses, interruption frequency rates, and collection efficiency;
(iv) Further, in determining rate base, the TRANSCO or any distribution utility shall not be allowed to
include management inefficiencies like cost of project delays not excused by force majeure,
penalties and related interest during construction applicable to these unexcused delays; and
(v) Any significant operating costs or project investments of the TRANSCO and distribution utilities
which shall become part of the rate base shall be subject to verification by the ERC to ensure that
the contracting and procurement of the equipment, assets and services have been subjected to
transparent and accepted industry procurement and purchasing practices to protect the public
interest.
(g) Three (3) years after the imposition of the universal charge, ensure that the charges of the
TRANSCO or any distribution utility shall bear no cross subsidies between grids, within grids, or
between classes of customers, except as provided herein;
(h) Review and approve any changes on the terms and conditions of service of the TRANSCO or any
distribution utility;
(i) Allow the TRANSCO to charge user fees for ancillary services to all electric power industry
participants or self-generating entities connected to the grid. Such fees shall be fixed by the ERC
after due notice and public hearing;
(j) Set a lifeline rate for the marginalized end-users;
(k) Monitor and take measures in accordance with this Act to penalize abuse of market power,
cartelization, and anti-competitive or discriminatory behavior by any electric power industry
participant;
(l) Impose fines or penalties for any non-compliance with or breach of this Act, the IRR of this Act and
the rules and regulations which it promulgates or administers;
(m) Take any other action delegated to it pursuant to this Act;
(n) Before the end of April of each year, submit to the Office of the President of the Philippines and
Congress, copy furnished the DOE, an annual report containing such matters or cases which have
 been filed before or referred to it during the preceding year, the actions and proceedings
undertaken and its decision or resolution in each case. The ERC shall make copies of such reports
available to any interested party upon payment of a charge which reflects the printing costs. The
ERC shall publish all its decisions involving rates and anticompetitive cases in at least one (1)
newspaper of general circulation, and/or post electronically and circulate to all interested electric
power industry participants copies of its resolutions to ensure fair and impartial treatment;
(o) Monitor the activities in the generation and supply of the electric power industry with the end in
view of promoting free market competition and ensuring that the allocation or pass through of bulk
purchase cost by distributors is transparent, non-discriminatory and that any existing subsidies
shall be divided pro-rata among all retail suppliers;
(p) Act on applications for or modifications of certificates of public convenience and/or necessity,
licenses or permits of franchised electric utilities in accordance with law and revoke, review and
modify such certificates, licenses or permits in appropriate cases, such as in cases of violations of
the Grid Code, Distribution Code and other rules and regulations issued by the ERC in accordance
with law;
(q) Act on applications for cost recovery and return on demand side management projects;
(r) In the exercise of its investigative and quasi-judicial powers, act against any participant or player in
the energy sector for violations of any law, rule and regulation governing the same, including the
rules on cross-ownership, anti-competitive practices, abuse of market positions and similar or
related acts by any participant in the energy sector or by any person, as may be provided by law,
and require any person or entity to submit any report or data relative to any investigation or
hearing conducted pursuant to this Act;
(s) Inspect, on its own or through duly authorized representatives, the premises, books of accounts
and records of any person or entity at any time, in the exercise of its quasi-judicial power for
purposes of determining the existence of any anti-competitive behavior and/or market power
abuse and any violation of rules and regulations issued by the ERC;
(t) Perform such other regulatory functions as are appropriate and necessary in order to ensure the
successful restructuring and modernization of the electric power industry, such as, but not limited
to, the rules and guidelines under which generation companies, distribution utilities which are not
publicly listed shall offer and sell to the public a portion not less than fifteen percent (15%) of their
common shares of stocks: Provided, however, That generation companies, distribution utilities or
their respective holding companies that are already listed in the PSE are deemed in compliance. For
existing companies, such public offering shall be implemented not later than five (5) years from the
effectivity of this Act. New companies shall implement their respective public offerings not later
than five (5) years from the issuance of their certificate of compliance; and
(u) The ERC shall have the original and exclusive jurisdiction over all cases contesting rates, fees, fines
and penalties imposed by the ERC in the exercise of the above mentioned powers, functions and
responsibilities and over all cases involving disputes between and among participants or players in
the energy sector.
All notices of hearings to be conducted by the ERC for the purpose of fixing rates or fees shall be
published at least twice for two successive weeks in two (2) newspapers of nationwide circulation.

SEC. 44. Transfer of Powers and Functions. – The powers and functions of the Energy Regulatory Board
not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby transferred to the ERC. The foregoing transfer
of powers and functions shall include all applicable funds and appropriations, records, equipment,
property and personnel as may be necessary.
SEC. 45. Cross Ownership, Market Power Abuse and Anti-Competitive Behavior. – No participant in the
electricity industry or any other person may engage in any anti-competitive behavior including, but not
limited to, cross-subsidization, price or market manipulation, or other unfair trade practices detrimental
to the encouragement and protection of contestable markets.
No generation company, distribution utility, or its respective subsidiary or affiliate or stockholder or
official of a generation company or distribution utility, or other entity engaged in generating and
supplying electricity specified by ERC within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity, shall be
allowed to hold any interest, directly or indirectly, in TRANSCO or its concessionaire. Likewise, the
TRANSCO, or its concessionaire or any of its stockholders or officials or any of their relatives within the
fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity, shall not hold any interest, whether directly or indirectly,
in any generation company or distribution utility. Except for ex officio government-appointed
representatives, no person who is an officer or director of the TRANSCO or its concessionaire shall be an
officer or director of any generation company, distribution utility or supplier.
An “affiliate” means any person which, alone or together with any other person, directly or indirectly,
through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another
person. As used herein, “control” shall mean the power to direct or cause the direction of the
management policies of a person by contract, agency or otherwise. To promote true market
competition and prevent harmful monopoly and market power abuse, the ERC shall enforce the
following safeguards:
(a) No company or related group can own, operate or control more than thirty percent (30%) of the
installed generating capacity of a grid and/or twenty-five percent (25%) of the national installed
generating capacity. “Related group” includes a person’s business interests, including its
subsidiaries, affiliates, directors or officers or any of their relatives by consanguinity or affinity,
legitimate or common law, within the fourth civil degree;
(b) Distribution utilities may enter into bilateral power supply contracts subject to review by the ERC:
Provided, That such review shall only be required for distribution utilities whose markets have not
reached household demand level. For the purpose of preventing market power abuse between
associated firms engaged in generation and distribution, no distribution utility shall be allowed to
source from bilateral power supply contracts more than fifty percent (50%) of its total demand
from an associated firm engaged in generation but such limitation, however, shall not prejudice
contracts entered into prior to the effectivity of this Act. An associated firm with respect to another
entity refers to any person which, alone or together with any other person, directly or indirectly,
through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with,
such entity; and (c) For the first five (5) years from the establishment of the wholesale electricity
spot market, no distribution utility shall source more than ninety percent (90%) of its total demand
from bilateral power supply contracts.
For purposes of this Section, the grid basis shall consist of three (3) separate grids, namely Luzon,
Visayas and Mindanao. The ERC shall have the authority to modify or amend this definition of a grid
when two or more of the three separate grids become sufficiently interconnected to constitute a single
grid or as conditions may otherwise permit.
Exceptions from these limitations shall be allowed for isolated grids that are not connected to the high
voltage transmission system. Except as otherwise provided for in this Section, any restriction on
ownership and/or control between or within sectors of the electricity industry may be imposed by ERC
only insofar as the enforcement of the provisions of this Section is concerned.
The ERC shall, within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act., promulgate rules and regulations to
ensure and promote competition, encourage market development and customer choice and
discourage/penalize abuse of market power, cartelization and any anti-competitive or discriminatory
behavior, in order to further the intent of this Act and protect the public interest. Such rules and
regulations shall define the following:
(a) the relevant markets for purposes of establishing abuse or misuse of monopoly or market position;
(b) areas of isolated grids; and
(c) the periodic reportorial requirements of electric power industry participants as may be necessary
to enforce the provisions of this Section.
The ERC shall, motu proprio, monitor and penalize any market power abuse or anti-competitive or
discriminatory act or behavior by any participant in the electric power industry. Upon finding that a
market participant has engaged in such act or behavior, the ERC shall stop and redress the same. Such
remedies shall, without limitation, include the imposition of price controls, issuance of injunctions,
requirement of divestment or disgorgement of excess profits and imposition of fines and penalties
pursuant to this Act.
The ERC shall, within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act, promulgate rules and regulations
providing for a complaint procedure that, without limitation, provides the accused party with notice and
an opportunity to be heard.

SEC. 46. Fines and Penalties. – The fines and penalties that shall be imposed by the ERC for any violation
of or non-compliance with this Act or the IRR shall range from a minimum of fifty thousand pesos
(P50,000.00) to a maximum of Fifty million pesos (P50,000,000.00).
Any person who is found guilty of any of the prohibited acts pursuant to Section 45 hereof shall suffer
the penalty of prision mayor and fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Ten million
pesos (P10,000,000.00), or both, at the discretion of the court.
The members of the Board of Directors of the juridical companies participating in or covered in the
generation companies, the distribution utilities, the TRANSCO or its concessionaire or supplier who
violate the provisions of this Act may be fined by an amount not exceeding double the amount of
damages caused by the offender or by imprisonment of one (1) year or two (2) years or both at the
discretion of the court. This rule shall apply to the members of the Board who knowingly or by neglect
allows the commission or omission under the law.
If the offender is a government official or employee, he shall, in addition, be dismissed from the
government service with prejudice to reinstatement and with perpetual or temporary disqualification
from holding any elective or appointive office.
If the offender is an alien, he may, in addition to the penalties prescribed, be deported without further
proceedings after service of sentence.
Any case which involves question of fact shall be appealable to the Court of Appeals and those which
involve question of law shall be directly appealable to the Supreme Court.
The administrative sanction that may be imposed by the ERC shall be without prejudice to the filing of a
criminal action, if warranted.
To ensure compliance with this Act, the penalty of prision correccional or a fine ranging from Five
thousand pesos (P5,000.00) to Five million pesos (P5,000,000.00), or both, at the discretion of the court,
shall be imposed on any person, including but not limited to the president, member of the Board, Chief
Executive Officer or Chief Operating Officer of the corporation, partnership, or any other entity involved,
found guilty of violating or refusing to comply with any provision of this Act or its IRR, other than those
provided herein.
Any party to an administrative proceeding may, at any time, make an offer to the ERC, conditionally or
otherwise, for a consented decree, voluntary compliance or desistance and other settlement of the
case. The offer and any or all of the ultimate facts upon which the offer is based shall be considered for
settlement purposes only and shall not be used as evidence against any party for any other purpose and
shall not constitute an admission by the party making the offer of any violation of the laws, rules,
regulations, orders and resolutions of the ERC, nor as a waiver to file any warranted criminal actions.
In addition, Congress may, upon recommendation of the DOE and/or ERC, revoke such franchise or
privilege granted to the party who violated the provisions of this Act.

CHAPTER V
PRIVATIZATION OF THE ASSETS OF THE NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION
SEC. 47. NPC Privatization. – Except for the assets of SPUG, the generation assets, real estate, and other
disposable assets as well as IPP contracts of NPC shall be privatized in accordance with this Act. Within
six (6) months from the effectivity of this Act, the PSALM Corp shall submit a plan for the endorsement
by the Joint Congressional Power Commission and the approval of the President of the Philippines, on
the total privatization of the generation assets, real estate, other disposable assets as well as existing IPP
contracts of NPC and thereafter, implement the same, in accordance with the following guidelines,
except as provided for in Paragraph (f) herein:
(a) The privatization value to the National Government of the NPC generation assets, real estate, other
disposable assets as well as IPP contracts shall be optimized;
(b) The participation by Filipino citizens and corporations in the purchase of NPC assets shall be
encouraged: In the case of foreign investors, at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the funds used
to acquire NPC-generation assets and IPP contracts shall be inwardly remitted and registered with
the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.
(c) The NPC plants and/or IPP contracts assigned to IPP Administrators, its related assets and assigned
liabilities, if any, shall be grouped in a manner which shall promote the viability of the resulting
generation companies (gencos), ensure economic efficiency, encourage competition, foster
reasonable electricity rates and create market appeal to optimize returns to the government from
the sale and disposition of such assets in a manner consistent with the objectives of this Act. In the
grouping of the generation assets and IPP contracts of NPC, the following criteria shall be
considered:
1) A sufficient scale of operations and balance sheet strength to promote the financial viability of
the restructured units;
2) Broad geographical groupings to ensure efficiency of operations but without the formation of
regional companies or consolidation of market power;
3) Portfolio of plants and IPP contracts to achieve management and operational synergy without
dominating any part of the market or of the load curve; and
4) Such other factors as may be deemed beneficial to the best interest of the National Government
while ensuring attractiveness to potential investors.
(d) All assets of NPC shall be sold in an open and transparent manner through public bidding, and the
same shall apply to the disposition of IPP contracts;
(e) In cases of transfer of possession, control, operation or privatization of multi-purpose hydro
facilities, safeguards shall be prescribed to ensure that the national government may direct water
usage in cases of shortage to protect potable water, irrigation, and all other requirements imbued
with public interest;
(f) The Agus and the Pulangui complexes in Mindanao shall be excluded from among the generation
companies that will be initially privatized. Their ownership shall be transferred to the PSALM Corp.
and both shall continue to be operated by the NPC. Said complexes may be privatized not earlier
than ten (10) years from the effectivity of this Act, and except for Agus III, shall not be subject to
Build-Operate-Transfer (B-O-T), Build-Rehabilitate-Operate-Transfer (B-R-O-T) and other variations
thereof pursuant to Republic Act No. 6957, as amended by Republic Act No. 7718. The privatization
 of Agus and Pulangui complexes shall be left to the discretion of PSALM Corp. in consultation with
Congress;
(g) The steamfield assets and generating plants of each geothermal complex shall not be sold
separately. They shall be combined and each geothermal complex shall be sold as one package
through public bidding. The geothermal complexes covered by this requirement include, but are
not limited to, Tiwi-Makban, Leyte A and B (Tongonan), Palinpinon, and Mt. Apo;
(h) The ownership of the Caliraya-Botokan-Kalayaan (CBK) pump storage complex shall be transferred
to the PSALM Corporation;
(i) Not later than three (3) years from the effectivity of this Act, and in no case later than the initial
implementation of open access, at least seventy percent (70%) of the total capacity of generating
assets of NPC and of the total capacity of the power plants under contract with NPC located in
Luzon and Visayas shall have been privatized: Provided, That any unsold capacity shall be privatized
not later than eight (8) years from the effectivity of this Act; and
(j) NPC may generate and sell electricity only from the undisposed generating assets and IPP contracts
of PSALM Corp. and shall not incur any new obligations to purchase power through bilateral
contracts with generation companies or other suppliers.

SEC. 48. National Power Board of Directors. – Upon the passage of this Act, Section 6 of R.A. 6395, as
amended, and Section 13 of RA 7638, as amended, referring to the composition of the National Power
Board of Directors, are hereby repealed and a new Board shall be immediately organized. The new
Board shall be composed of the Secretary of Finance as Chairman, with the following as members: the
Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Budget and Management, the Secretary of Agriculture, the
Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority, the Secretary of Environment
and Natural Resources, the Secretary of Interior and Local Government, the Secretary of the
Department of Trade and Industry, and the President of the National Power Corporation.

CHAPTER VI
POWER SECTOR ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MANAGEMENT
SEC. 49. Creation of Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management Corporation. – There is hereby
created a government-owned and -controlled corporation to be known as the “Power Sector Assets and
Liabilities Management Corporation”, hereinafter referred to as the “PSALM Corp.”, which shall take
ownership of all existing NPC generation assets, liabilities, IPP contracts, real estate and all other
disposable assets. All outstanding obligations of the NPC arising from loans, issuances of bonds,
securities and other instruments of indebtedness shall be transferred to and assumed by the PSALM
Corp. within one hundred eighty (180) days from the approval of this Act.

SEC. 50. Purpose and Objective, Domicile and Term of Existence. – The principal purpose of the PSALM
Corp. is to manage the orderly sale, disposition, and privatization of NPC generation assets, real estate
and other disposable assets, and IPP contracts with the objective of liquidating all NPC financial
obligations and stranded contract costs in an optimal manner.
The PSALM Corp. shall have its principal office and place of business within Metro Manila.
The PSALM Corp. shall exist for a period of twenty five (25) years from the effectivity of this Act, unless
otherwise provided by law, and all assets held by it, all moneys and properties belonging to it, and all its
liabilities outstanding upon the expiration of its term of existence shall revert to and be assumed by the
National Government.

SEC. 51. Powers. – The Corporation shall, in the performance of its functions and for the attainment of
its objective, have the following powers:
 (a) To formulate and implement a program for the sale and privatization of the NPC assets and IPP
contracts and the liquidation of NPC debts and stranded contract costs, such liquidation to be
completed within the term of existence of the PSALM Corp.;
(b) To take title to and possession of, administer and conserve the assets transferred to it; to sell or
dispose of the same at such price and under such terms and conditions as it may deem necessary
or proper, subject to applicable laws, rules and regulations;
(c) To take title to and possession of the NPC IPP contracts and to appoint, after public bidding in
transparent and open manner, qualified independent entities who shall act as the IPP
Administrators in accordance with this Act;
(d) To calculate the amount of the stranded debts and stranded contract costs of NPC which shall form
the basis for ERC in the determination of the universal charge;
(e) To liquidate the NPC stranded contract costs utilizing proceeds from sales and other property
contributed to it, including the proceeds from the universal charge;
(f) To adopt rules and regulations as may be necessary or proper for the orderly conduct of its
business or operations;
(g) To sue and be sued in its name;
(h) To appoint or hire, transfer, remove and fix the compensation of its personnel: Provided, however,
That the Corporation shall hire its own personnel only if absolutely necessary, and as far as
practicable, shall avail itself of the services of personnel detailed from other government agencies;
(i) To own, hold, acquire, or lease real and personal properties as may be necessary or required in the
discharge of its functions;
(j) To borrow money and incur such liabilities, including the issuance of bonds, securities or other
evidences of indebtedness utilizing its assets as collateral and/or through the guarantees of the
National Government: Provided, however, That all such debts or borrowings shall have been paid
off before the end of its corporate life;
(k) To restructure existing loans of NPC;
(l) To collect, administer, and apply NPC’s portion of the universal charge; and
(m) To restructure the sale, privatization or disposition of NPC assets and IPP contracts and/or their
energy output based on such terms and conditions which shall optimize the value and sale prices of
said assets.

SEC. 52. Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management Corporation, Meetings, Quorum and Voting. –
The Corporation shall be administered, and its powers and functions exercised, by a Board of Directors
which shall be composed of the Secretary of Finance as the Chairman, the Secretary of Budget and
Management, the Secretary of the Department of Energy, the Director-General of the National
Economic and Development Authority, the Secretary of the Department of Justice, the Secretary of the
Department of Trade and Industry and the President of the PSALM Corp. as ex officio members thereof.
The Board of Directors shall meet regularly and as frequently as may be necessary to enable it to
discharge its functions and responsibilities. The presence at a meeting of four (4) members shall
constitute a quorum, and the decision of the majority of three (3) members present at a meeting where
there is quorum shall be the decision of the Board of Directors.

SEC. 53. Powers of the President of PSALM Corp. – The President of PSALM Corp. shall be appointed by
the President of the Philippines. In the absence of the Chairman, the President shall preside over Board
meetings.
The PSALM Corp. President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of PSALM Corp. and shall have the
following powers and duties:
 (a) To execute and administer the policies and measures approved by the Board, and take
responsibility for the efficient discharge of management functions;
(b) To oversee the preparation of the budget of PSALM Corp.;
(c) To direct and supervise the operation and internal administration of PSALM Corp. and, for this
purpose, may delegate some or any of his administrative responsibilities and duties to other
officers of PSALM Corp;
(d) Subject to the guidelines and policies set up by the Board, to appoint and fix the number and
compensation of subordinate officials and employees of PSALM Corp; and for cause, to remove,
suspend, or otherwise discipline any subordinate employee of PSALM Corp;
(e) To submit an annual report to the Board on the activities and achievements of PSALM Corp. at the
close of each fiscal year and upon approval thereof, submit a copy to the President of the
Philippines and to such other agencies as may be required by law;
(f) To represent PSALM Corp. in all dealings and transactions with other offices, agencies, and
instrumentalities of the Government and with all persons and other entities, private or public,
domestic or foreign; and
(g) To exercise such other powers and duties as may be vested in him by the Board from time to time.

SEC. 54. Exemption from the Salary Standardization Law. – The salaries and benefits of employees in the
PSALM Corp. shall be exempt from Republic Act No. 6758 and shall be fixed by the PSALM Corp. Board.

SEC. 55. Property of the PSALM Corp. – The following funds, assets, contributions and other property
shall constitute the property of the PSALM Corp.:
(a) The generation assets, real estate, IPP contracts, other disposable assets of NPC, proceeds from the
sale or disposition of such assets and the residual assets from B-O-T, R-O-T, and other variations
thereof;
(b) Transfers from the National Government;
(c) Proceeds from loans incurred to restructure or refinance NPC’s transferred liabilities: Provided,
however, That all borrowings shall be fully paid for by the end of the life of the PSALM Corp.;
(d) Proceeds from the universal charge allocated for stranded contract costs and the stranded debts of
NPC;
(e) Net profit of NPC;
(f) Net profit of TRANSCO;
(g) Official assistance, grants, and donations from external sources; and
(h) Other sources of funds as may be determined by PSALM Corp. necessary for the abovementioned
purposes.

SEC. 56. Claims Against the PSALM Corp. – The following shall constitute the claims against the PSALM
Corp.:
(a) NPC liabilities transferred to the PSALM Corp.;
(b) Transfers from the national government;
(c) New loans; and
(d) NPC stranded contract costs.

CHAPTER VII
PROMOTION OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
SEC. 57. Conversion of Electric Cooperatives. –Electric cooperatives are hereby given the option to
convert into either stock cooperative under the Cooperatives Development Act or stock corporation
under the Corporation Code. Nothing contained in this Act shall deprive electric cooperatives of any
privilege or right granted to them under Presidential Decree No. 269, as amended, and other existing
laws.

SEC. 58. Additional Mandate of the National Electrification Administration (NEA). – NEA shall develop
and implement programs:
(a) To prepare electric cooperatives in operating and competing under the deregulated electric market
within five (5) years from the effectivity of this Act, specifically in an environment of open access
and retail wheeling;
(b) To strengthen the technical capability and financial viability of rural electric cooperatives; and
(c) To review and upgrade regulatory policies with a view to enhancing the viability of rural electric
cooperatives as electric utilities.
NEA shall continue to be under the supervision of the DOE and shall exercise its functions under
Presidential Decree No. 269, as amended by Presidential Decree No. 1645 insofar as they are consistent
with this Act.

SEC. 59. Alternative Electric Service for Isolated Villages. – The provision of electric service in remote and
unviable villages that the franchised utility is unable to service for any reason shall be opened to other
qualified third parties.

SEC. 60. Debts of Electric Cooperatives. – Upon the effectivity of this Act, all outstanding financial
obligations of electric cooperatives to NEA and other government agencies incurred for the purpose of
financing the rural electrification program shall be assumed by the PSALM Corp. in accordance with the
program approved by the President of the Philippines within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act
which shall be implemented and completed within three (3) years from the effectivity of this Act. The
ERC shall ensure a reduction in the rates of electric cooperatives commensurate with the resulting
savings due to the removal of the amortization payments of their loans. Within five (5) years from the
condonation of debt, any electric cooperative which shall transfer ownership or control of its assets,
franchise or operations thereof shall repay PSALM Corp. the total debts including accrued interests
thereon.

CHAPTER VIII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
SEC. 61. Reportorial Requirements. –The DOE shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the
provisions of this Act are properly implemented, and shall submit to the Power Commission a
semiannual report on the implementation of this Act, on or before the last week of April and October of
each year.

SEC. 62. Joint Congressional Power Commission. – Upon the effectivity of this Act, a congressional
commission, hereinafter referred to as the “Power Commission”, is hereby constituted. The Power
Commission shall be composed of fourteen (14) members with the chairmen of the Committee on
Energy of the Senate and the House of Representatives and six (6) additional members from each
House, to be designated by the Senate President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives,
respectively. The minority shall be entitled to pro rata representation but shall have at least one (1)
representative in the Power Commission.
The Commission shall, in aid of legislation, perform the following functions, among others:
(a) Set the guidelines and overall framework to monitor and ensure the proper implementation of this
Act;
 (b) Endorse the initial privatization plan within one (1) month from submission of such plan to the
Power Commission by PSALM Corp. for approval by the President of the Philippines;
(c) To ensure transparency, require the submission of reports from government agencies concerned
on the conduct of public bidding procedures regarding privatization of NPC generation and
transmission assets;
(d) Review and evaluate the performance of the industry participants in relation to the objectives and
timelines set forth in this Act;
(e) Approve the budget for the programs of the Power Commission and all disbursements therefrom,
including compensation of all personnel;
(f) Submit periodic reports to the President of the Philippines and Congress;
(g) Determine inherent weaknesses in the law and recommend necessary remedial legislation or
executive measures; and
(h) Perform such other duties and functions as may be necessary to attain its objectives. In
furtherance hereof, the Power Commission is hereby empowered to require the DOE, ERC, NEA,
TRANSCO, generation companies, distribution utilities, suppliers and other electric power industry
participants to submit reports and all pertinent data and information relating to the performance
of their respective functions in the industry. Any person who willfully and deliberately refuses
without just cause to extend the support and assistance required by the Power Commission to
effectively attain its objectives shall, upon conviction, be punished by imprisonment of not less
than one (1) year but not more than six (6) years or a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos
(P50,000.00) but not more than Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) or both at the
discretion of the court.
The Power Commission shall adopt its internal rules of procedures; conduct hearings and receive
testimonies, reports and technical advice; invite or summon by subpoena ad testificandum any public
official, private citizen or any other person to testify before it, or require any person by subpoena
ducestecum to produce before it such records, reports, documents or other materials as it may require;
and generally require all the powers necessary to attain the purposes for which it is created. The Power
Commission shall be assisted by a secretariat to be composed of personnel who may be seconded from
the Senate and the House of Representatives and may retain consultants. The secretariat shall be
headed by an executive director who has sufficient background and competence on the policies and
issues relating to electricity industry reforms as provided in this Act. To carry out its powers and
functions, the initial sum of twenty- five million pesos (P25,000,000.00) shall be charged against the
current appropriations of the Senate. Thereafter, such amount necessary for its continued operation
shall be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.
The Power Commission shall exist for period of ten (10) years from the effectivity of this Act and may be
extended by a joint concurrent resolution.

SEC. 63. Separation Benefits of Officials and Employees of Affected Agencies. – National government
employees displaced or separated from the service as a result of the restructuring of the electricity
industry and privatization of NPC assets pursuant to this Act, shall be entitled to either a separation pay
and other benefits in accordance with existing laws, rules or regulations or be entitled to avail of the
privileges provided under a separation plan which shall be one and one-half month salary for every year
of service in the government: Provided, however, That those who avail of such privilege shall start their
government service anew if absorbed by any government-owned successor company. In no case shall
there be any diminution of benefits under the separation plan until the full implementation of the
restructuring and privatization.
Displaced or separated personnel as a result of the privatization, if qualified, shall be given preference in
the hiring of the manpower requirements of the privatized companies. The salaries of employees of NPC
shall continue to be exempt from the coverage of Republic Act No. 6758, otherwise known as “The
Salary Standardization Act”.
With respect to employees who are not retained by NPC, the government, through the Department of
Labor and Employment, shall endeavor to implement re-training, job counseling, and job placement
programs.

SEC. 64. Fiscal Prudence. – To promote the prudent management of government resources, the creation
of new positions and the levels of or increase in salaries and all other emoluments and benefits of
TRANSCO and PSALM Corp. personnel shall be subject to the approval of the President of the
Philippines. The compensation and all other emoluments and benefits of the officials and members of
the Board of the TRANSCO and PSALM Corp. shall be subject to the approval of the President of the
Philippines.

SEC. 65. Environmental Protection. – Participants in the generation, distribution and transmission sub-
sectors of the industry shall comply with all environmental laws, rules, regulations and standards
promulgated by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources including, in appropriate cases,
the establishment of an environmental guarantee fund.

SEC. 66. Benefits to Host Communities. – The obligations of generation companies and energy resource
developers to communities hosting energy generating facilities and/or energy resource developers as
defined under Chapter II, Sections 289 to 294 of the Local Government Code and Section 5(i) of Republic
Act No. 7638 and their implementing rules and regulations and applicable orders and circulars
consistent with this Act shall continue: Provided, That the obligations mandated under Chapter II,
Section 291 of Republic Act No. 7160, shall apply to privately-owned corporations or entities utilizing the
national wealth of the locality.
To ensure the effective implementation of the reduction in cost of electricity in the communities where
the source of energy is located, the mechanics and procedures prescribed in the Department of the
Interior and Local Government (DILG)-DOE Circulars No. 95-01 and 98-01 dated October 31, 1995 and
September 30, 1998, respectively and other issuances related thereto shall be pursued. Towards this
end, the fund generated from the eighty percent (80%) of the national wealth tax shall, in no case, be
used by any local government unit for any purpose other than those for which it was intended.
In case of any violation or noncompliance by any local government official of any provision thereof, the
DILG shall, upon prior notice and hearing, order the project operator, through the DOE, to withhold the
remittance of the royalty payment to the host community concerned pending completion of the
investigation. The unremitted funds shall be deposited in a government bank under a trust fund.

SEC. 67. NPC Offer of Transition Supply Contracts. – Within six (6) months from the effectivity of this Act,
NPC shall file with the ERC for its approval a transition supply contract duly negotiated with the
distribution utilities containing the terms and conditions of supply and a corresponding schedule of
rates, consistent with the provisions hereof, including adjustments and/or indexation formulas which
shall apply to the term of such contracts. The term of the transition supply contracts shall not extend
beyond one (1) year from the introduction of open access. Such contracts shall be based on the
projected demand of such utilities less any of their currently committed quantities under eligible IPP
contracts as defined in Section 33 hereof: Provided, That the total generation capacity of such signed
transition supply contracts shall not exceed the level of NPC owned, controlled or committed capacity as
of the effectivity of this Act. Such transition supply contracts shall be assignable to the NPC successor
generating companies.
Within six (6) months from the date of submission of the transition supply contract by NPC, the ERC shall
notify NPC of their approval of the rates contained therein.
The ERC shall maintain a record of the contract terms and rates offered by NPC. Likewise, the ERC shall
update monthly, the rates using the appropriate adjustment and/or indexation formula.
Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 25 hereof, the rates charged by a distribution utility for the
generation component of the supply of electricity in their distribution retail supply rate shall, for the
term of the transition supply contracts, not exceed the transition supply contract rates, as updated
monthly.
The recovery of costs incurred by a distribution utility for any generation component in excess of the
transition supply contract rates shall be disallowed by the ERC, except for eligible contracts as defined
under Section 33 hereof: Provided, That such limitation on the recovery of generation component costs
by a distribution utility shall apply only to the equivalent quality and quantity of electricity still available
to the distribution utility from NPC.

SEC. 68. Review of IPP Contracts – An inter-agency committee chaired by the Secretary of Finance, with
the Secretary of the Department of Justice and the Director General of the National Economic
Development Authority as members thereof is hereby created upon the effectivity of this Act. The
Committee shall immediately undertake a thorough review of all IPP contracts. In cases where such
contracts are found to have provisions which are grossly disadvantageous, or onerous to the
Government, the Committee shall cause the appropriate government agency to file an action under the
arbitration clauses provided in said contracts or initiate any appropriate action under Philippine laws.
The PSALM Corporation shall diligently seek to reduce stranded costs, if any.

SEC. 69. Renegotiation of Power Purchase and Energy Conversion Agreements between Government
Entities. – Within three (3) months from the effectivity of this Act, all power purchase and energy
conversion agreements between the PNOC-Energy Development Corporation (PNOC-EDC) and NPC,
including but not limited to the Palimpinon, Tongonan and Mt. Apo Geothermal complexes, shall be
reviewed by the ERC and the terms thereof amended to remove any hidden costs or extraordinary
mark-ups in the cost of power or steam above their true costs. All amended contracts shall be submitted
to the Joint Congressional Power Commission for approval. The ERC shall ensure that all savings realized
from the reduction of said mark-ups shall be passed on to all end-users.

SEC. 70. Missionary Electrification. – Notwithstanding the divestment and/or privatization of NPC assets,
IPP contracts and spun-off corporations, NPC shall remain as a National Government-owned and -
controlled corporation to perform the missionary electrification function through the Small Power
Utilities Group (SPUG) and shall be responsible for providing power generation and its associated power
delivery systems in areas that are not connected to the transmission system. The missionary
electrification function shall be funded from the revenues from sales in missionary areas and from the
universal charge to be collected from all electricity end-users as determined by the ERC.

SEC. 71. Electric Power Crisis Provision – Upon the determination by the President of the Philippines of
an imminent shortage of the supply of electricity, Congress may authorize, through a joint resolution,
the establishment of additional generating capacity under such terms and conditions as it may approve.
SEC. 72. Mandated Rate Reduction. – Upon the effectivity of this Act, residential end-users shall be
granted a rate reduction from NPC rates of thirty centavos per kilowatt-hour (P0.30/kWh). Such
reduction shall be reflected as a separate item in the consumer billing statement.
Sec. 73. Lifeline Rate – A socialized pricing mechanism called a lifeline rate for the marginalized end-
users shall be set by the ERC, which shall be exempted from the cross subsidy phase-out under this Act
for a period often (10) years, unless extended by law. The level of consumption and the rate shall be
determined by the ERC after due notice and hearing.

Sec. 74. Cross Subsidies – Cross subsidies within a grid between grids and / or classes of customers shall
be phased out in a period not exceeding three (3) years from the establishment by the ERC of a universal
charge which shall be collected form all electricity end-users. Such level of cross subsidies shall be made
transparent and identified separately in the billing statements provided to end-users by the suppliers.
The ERC may extend the period for the removal of cross subsidies for a maximum period of one (1) year
upon finding that cessation of such mechanism would have a material adverse effect upon the public
interest, particularly the residential end-user; or would have an immediate, irreparable, and adverse
financial effect on distribution utility.

CHAPTER SIX
FINAL PROVISIONS
SEC. 75. Statutory Construction – This Act shall, unless the context indicates otherwise, be construed in
favor of the establishment, promotion, preservation of competition and people empowerment so that
the widest participation of the people, whether directly or indirectly, is ensured. With respect to NPC’s
debts and IPP and related contracts, nothing in this Act shall be construed as: (1) an implied waiver of
any right, action or claim, against any person or entity, of NPC or the Philippine Government arising from
or relating to any such contracts; or (2) a conferment of new or better rights to creditors and IPP
contractors in addition to subsisting rights granted by the NPC or the Philippine Government under
existing contracts.

SEC. 76. Education and Protection of End Users.- End-users shall be educated about the implementation
of retail access and its impact on end-users and on the proper use of electric power. Such education
shall include, but not limited to, the existence of competitive electricity suppliers, choice of competitive
electricity services, regulated transmission and distribution services, systems reliability, aggregation,
market, itemized billing, stranded cost, uniform disclosure requirements, low-income bill payment,
energy conservation and safety measures.
The DOE, in coordination with the NPC, NEA, ERC and the Office of Press Secretary-Philippine
Information Agency (OPS-PIA), shall undertake an information campaign to educate the public on the
restructuring of the electric power industry and privatization of NPC.

SEC. 77. Implementing Rules and Regulations. – The DOE shall, in consultation with relevant government
agencies, the electric power industry participants, non-government organization and end-users,
promulgate the Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR) of the Act within six (6) months from the
effectivity of this Act, subject to the approval by the Power Commission.

SEC. 78. Injunction and Restraining Order. – The implementation of the provisions of the Act shall not be
restrained or enjoined except by an order issued by the Supreme Court of the Philippines.

SEC. 79. Separability Clause – If for any reason, any provision of this act is declared unconstitutional or
invalid, the other parts or provisions hereof which are not affected thereby shall continue to be in full
force and effect.
SEC. 80. Applicability and Repealing Clause – The applicability provisions of Commonwealth Act No. 146,
as amended, otherwise known as the “Public Service Act”; Republic Act 6395, as amended, revising the
charter of NPC; Presidential Decree 269, as amended, referred to as the National Electrification Decree;
Republic Act 7638, otherwise known as the “Department of Energy Act of 1992”; Executive Order 172,
as amended, creating the ERB; Republic Act 7832 otherwise known as the “Anti-Electricity and Electric
Transmission Lines / Materials Pilferage Act of 1994”, shall continue to have full force and effect except
insofar as they are inconsistent with this Act.
The provision with respect to electric power of Section 11(c) of Republic Act 7916, as amended, and
Section 5(f) of Republic Act 7227, are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
Presidential Decree No. 40 and all laws, decrees, rules and regulations, or portion thereof, inconsistent
with this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

SEC. 81. Effectivity Clause .- This Act shall take effect on the fifteenth day following its publication in at
least two (2) national paper of general circulation.

Approved,
AQUILINO Q. PIMENTEL JR. FELICIANO BELMONTE JR.
President of the Senate Speaker of the House
of Representatives

This Act which is a consolidation of House Bill No. 8457 and Senate Bills No. 1712, 1621, 1943 and 2000
was finally passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate on May 31, 2001 and June 4, 2001,
respectively.
LUTGARDO B. BARBO ROBERTO P. NAZARENO
Secretary of the Senate Secretary General
House of Representatives

Approved: JUN 08 2001

GLORIA MACAPAGAL – ARROYO
President of the Philippines