When Pedagogical Fads Trump Priorities
When Pedagogical Fads Trump Priorities
When Pedagogical Fads Trump Priorities
June 18, 2017
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Published Online: September 27, 2010
Published in Print: September 29, 2010, as When Pedagogic Fads Trump Priorities
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When Pedagogic Fads Trump Priorities Email
By Mike Schmoker Password
Several years ago, I had a courteous, if troubling, email
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exchange with the architect of a hugely popular instructional
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innovation. She had heard that I had been criticizing this
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approach. (I had.) In a series of emails, I explained my REGISTER NOW
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strong evidence to support its widespread adoption. I asked, with
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increasing importunity, for any such evidence. Only after multiple
requests did I finally receive an answer: There was no solid Data retrieving error
research or school evidence.
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The innovationDifferentiated Instructionwent on to become one of the most widely
Viewed
adopted instructional orthodoxies of our time. It claims that students learn best when
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(despite some semantically creative denial) grouped by ability, as well as by their
Emailed
personal interests and "learning styles."
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I had seen this innovation in action. In every case, it seemed to complicate teachers'
Commented
work, requiring them to procure and assemble multiple sets of materials. I saw
frustrated teachers trying to provide materials that matched each student's or group's Data retrieving error
presumed ability level, interest, preferred "modality" and learning style. The attempt
often devolved into a frantically assembled collection of worksheets, coloring exercises, SPONSORED WHITEPAPERS
and specious "kinesthetic" activities. And it dumbed down instruction: In English, • Assess and Support the Whole Child
"creative" students made things or drew pictures; "analytical" students got to read and • What Is the Right Time to Benchmark and
Monitor Progress?
write.
• How to Keep Up With School Tech Challenges
in the Digital Age
In these ways, Differentiated Instruction, or DI, corrupted both curriculum and effective
• 6 Ways to Cultivate Growth Mindset
instruction. With so many groups to teach, instructors found it almost impossible to
• Leveraging Digital Content to Differentiate
provide sustained, properly executed lessons for every child or groupand in a single Learning
class period. It profoundly impeded the teacher's ability to incorporate those protean, • How to Develop a Successful Personalized or
Blended Learning Program
decadesold elements of a good lesson which have a titanic impact on learning, even in
• How to Make Your Case for EarlyChildhood
mixedability classrooms (more on this in a moment). Education
When I shared these reasons with
educators, many were glad to hear their
suspicions affirmed. They had often been Special Services Director / School Psychologist
SJISD, Friday Harbor, WA
required to integrate DI into all their lessonsagainst their best instinctsas the program
Chief Financial Officer
morphed, without any reliable evidence of its effectiveness, into established orthodoxy. Dallas ISD, Dallas, TX
Others, however, were angered by any criticism of DI. Their reactions stopped some of Mandarin Dual Language Immersion
Kindergarten Teacher
my presentations dead in their tracks. These educators, and their districts, had invested Batesville Community School Corporation, Batesville, IN
enormous amounts of time, treasure, and hope in this pedagogical approach. Athletic Director
Newburgh Enlarged City School District, Newburgh, NY
We now have evidence that the investment in DI, despite the hype and priority it Director of Special Education and Student
received, was never fully warranted. It is on no list, short or long, of the most effective Services, PK12
Fairfield Public Schools, Fairfield, CT
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scholars in the field demonstrate that the concept has been running largely on
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enthusiasm and a certain superficial logic. As Bryan Goodwin of Midcontinent
Research for Education and Learning, or MCREL, has written, there is "no empirical
research" whatsoever for schools to adopt DI if they wish to avail themselves of the
best ways to promote learning or close achievement gaps. Literally hundreds of studies
confirm this. In fact, the very notion that DI put so much stock inthat every student has
a distinct learning style or "modality" and must be taught accordinglyhas been roundly
debunked by New Zealand's John Hattie and the University of Virginia's Daniel T.
Willingham, both education researchers of the first rank.
Of course, Differentiated Instruction is only one among many prominent detours поменять
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American education has taken, none more pernicious than the choplogic and excesses
of what is now being advocated in the name of "21stcentury education" or the simplistic
requirement for teachers to mindlessly "incorporate technology" into their lessonsas
though that will rescue poor instructional plans from failure.
What, then, should be our priorities? I would contend that we already know them. They
are essential to an education for the 21st century, but are in fact old friends. Three
simple things matter more than all else if we want better schools.
First, we need coherent, contentrich guaranteed curriculumthat is, a curriculum which
ensures that the actual intellectual skills and subject matter of a course don't depend on
which teacher a student happens to get. Such a curriculum need not be perfect, and it
should make some allowances for individual teachers' preferences. In a majority of
schools, we do not yet have such curricula, even though this may have more impact on
learning than any other factor.
Secondand just as importantwe need to ensure that students read, write, and discuss,
in the analytic and argumentative modes, for hundreds of hours per school year, across
the curriculum. We aren't even close to that now. All students should be reading deeply,
discussing, arguing, and writing about what they read every day in multiple courses. We
can do this: Consider that students spend about 1,000 hours per year in school.
Third, we need to honor, beyond lip service, the nearly halfcenturyold model for good
lessons that all of us know, but so few consistently implement (except, notably, when
being formally evaluated).
Good lessons start with a clear, curriculumbased objective and The consistent
delivery of lessons
assessment, followed by multiple cycles of instruction, guided
that include multiple
practice, checks for understanding (the soul of a good lesson), checks for
and ongoing adjustments to instruction. Thanks to the British understanding may
be the most
educator Dylan Wiliam and others, we now know that the
powerful, cost
consistent delivery of lessons that include multiple checks for effective action we
understanding may be the most powerful, costeffective action can take to ensure
learning.
we can take to ensure learning. Solid research demonstrates
that students learn as much as four times as quickly from such lessons.
Nothing rivals these three considerations. Mountains of evidence proclaim their
centrality. They should, therefore, be education's nearexclusive focus, our highest
priority for at least a period of yearsor until they are satisfactorily and routinely
implemented. Then we can innovatejudiciouslystarting with pilots and sensible
monitoring before we expand promiscuously on the basis of superficial appeal.
For decades, we have put novelty and the false god of innovation above our most
obvious, proven priorities. If we gave these priorities the chance they deserve, we
would achieve perhaps the most swift and dramatic progress toward improvement in our
history. We could make breathtaking strides toward ensuring a high quality of education
for all.
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Mike Schmoker is an author, speaker, and consultant in education. His most recent book
is Results NOW: How We Can Achieve Unprecedented Improvements in Teaching and
Learning (ASCD, 2006). He can be reached at schmoker@futureone.com.
Vol. 30, Issue 05, Pages 2223
RELATED STORIES
“Chat: Exploring Differentiated Instruction,” May 15, 2009.
"Differentiated Learning," (On Special Education Blog) February 25, 2008.
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