1.

0: Aim of Micro-Project: Terrestrial Ecosystem: A study

A terrestrial ecosystem is a type of ecosystem found only on landforms. Seven

primary terrestrial ecosystems exist: tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous
forest, tropical rain forest, grassland, deserts. A community of organisms and
their environment that occurs on the land masses of continents and islands,
terrestrial ecosystems are distinguished from aquatic ecosystems by the lower
availability of water and the consequent importance of water as a limiting factor.

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2.0: Course Outcomes Addressed:
A).Develop public awareness about the environment .

B).Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.

C).Conserve ecosystem and biodiversity.

D).Apply techniques to reduce environmental pollution.

E).Manage social issues and environmental ethics as lifelong learning

2
3.0: Proposed Methodology:

A community of organisms and their environment that occurs on the land masses
of continents and islands, terrestrial ecosystems are distinguished from
aquatic ecosystems by the lower availability of water and the consequent
importance of water as a limiting factor.

A terrestrial ecosystem is a type of ecosystem found only on landforms. Seven

primary terrestrial ecosystems exist: tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous
forest, tropical rain forest, grassland, deserts. A community of organisms and
their environment that occurs on the land masses of continents and islands,
terrestrial ecosystems are distinguished from aquatic ecosystems by the lower
availability of water and the consequent importance of water as a limiting factor.
Terrestrial ecosystems are characterized by greater temperature fluctuations on
both a diurnal and seasonal basis that occur in aquatic ecosystems in similar
climates. The availability of light is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in
aquatic ecosystems because the atmosphere is more transparent inland than in
water. Gases are more available in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic
ecosystems. Those gases include carbon dioxide that serves as a substrate
for photosynthesis, oxygen that serves as a substrate in aerobic respiration,
and nitrogen that serves as a substrate for nitrogen fixation.

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4.0: Action Plan:

SR. Details of Activity Planned Date Finished Date Name of Responsible

NO. Team Members

1 Searched topic for the 05/08/19 05/08/19 Sarvesh,Dhruv,Tanvi,

micro-project Shubhayu
2 Took the topics for micro- 14/08/19 14/08/19 Sarvesh,Dhruv
project
3 Discussed the topic with 15/08/19 19/08/19 Shubhayu,Dhruv,Tanvi
group members and teacher
4 Collected the required 28/08/19 09/09/19 Sarvesh,Dhruv,Tanvi
materials.
5 Confirming the material with 12/09/19 12/09/19 Sarvesh,Dhruv
faculty
6 Made the required changes 16/09/19 18/09/19 Shubhayu,Dhruv,Tanvi
under the guidance of
teacher
7 Planned the outline of the 23/09/19 25/09/19 Shubhayu,Tanvi
micro-project
8 Working on micro-project 26/09/19 30/09/19 Sarvesh,Dhruv,Shubhayu,
Tanvi

4
5.0: Actual Resources Used:

SR. Name of Specification Qty. Remarks

NO Resources
. / Material
1 Internet 1. http://www.ihatepsm.com/blog/hospital-waste- 1
management-bio-–-medical-waste-management
2. https://www.aiims.edu/en/departments-and-
centers/central-facilities/265-biomedical/7346-bio-
medical-waste-management.html
2 Book 1. Solid And Liquid Waste Management Waste To 1
Wealth :Paperback – 2016

2. A HANDBOOK ON BIOMEDICAL WASTE : Dr. Shahnawaz

Hamid

Names of Team Members with Roll Nos.:

1. Sarvesh Sonawane -03

2. Dhruv Pawar -12

3. Shubhayu Gaikwad -33

4. Tanvi Patil -35

(To be approved by the concerned teacher)

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1.0: Rationale:

Terrestrial ecosystems occupy 55,660,000 mi² (144,150,000 km²), or 28.26% of

Earth's surface. Although they are comparatively recent in the history of life (the
first terrestrial organisms appeared in the Alchi period, about 425 million years
ago) and occupy a much smaller portion of Earth's surface than marine
ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems have been a major site of adaptive radiation of
both plants and animals. Major plant taxa in terrestrial ecosystems are members
of the division Magnoliophyta (flowering plants), of which there are about
275,000 species, and the division Pinophyta (conifers), of which there are about
500 species. Members of the division Bryophyta (mosses and liverworts), of which
there are about 24,000 species, are also important in some terrestrial ecosystems.
Major animal taxa in terrestrial ecosystems include the classes Insecta (insects)
with about 900,000 species, Aves (birds) with 8,500 species,
and Mammalia (mammals) with approximately 4,100 species

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2.0: Literature Review:

Transpiration—the movement of water from the soil, through plants, and intothe
atmosphere—is the dominant water flux from the earth's terrestrial surface. The
evolution of vascular plants, while increasing terrestrial primary productivity, led
to higher transpiration rates and widespread alterations in the global climate
system. Similarly, anthropogenic influences on transpiration rates are already
influencing terrestrial hydrologic cycles, with an even greater potential for
changes lying ahead. Intricate linkages among anthropogenic activities, terrestrial
productivity, the hydrologic cycle, and global demand for ecosystem services will
lead to increased pressures on ecosystem water demands. Here, we focus on
identifying the key drivers of ecosystem water use as they relate to plant
physiological function, the role of predicted global changes in ecosystem water
uses, trade-offs between ecosystem water use and carbon uptake, and
knowledge gaps.

7
3.1 : Actual Methodology Followed:

What Is Terrestrial Ecosystem?

• An ecosystem is a collection of communities of both living and non-living
things that are interrelated.
• Terrestrial ecosystems are those that are found only on land. The biotic, or
living things found in an ecosystem, include various life forms, such as plants
and animals.
• The abiotic, or non-living things found in an ecosystem, include the various
land-forms and the climate.

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• A terrestrial ecosystem is an ecosystem found only on a landform. there are
many types of terrestrial ecosystem are
1) Tropical rainforest
2) Taiga
3) Tundra
4) Desert
5) Grasslands
6) Chapparal
7) Temperate rainforest
8) Polar

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4.0 What Are theDifferent Types Of Ecosystems?

1) Tropical Rainforest

• Tropical rainforests are rainforests in the tropical regions of the world.

These rainforests receive a high volume of annual rainfall, and nearly
every month receives at least 60 mm rainfall.
• In this article we discuss the different layers of the tropical rainforest and
some of the animals living in these layers.
• As a result, many species live in the trees and canopy, or uppermost
reaches, of the rainforest.
• The jungles of South and Central America are examples of tropical
rainforests

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2) Taiga

• Colder than temperate deciduous forests, often below freezing for six
months of the year, taigas experience a fairly warm summer, which leads
to an abundance of plant life.
• evergreen trees that produce cones, are dominant, pine and hemlock.
Lichens and moss are common, and lakes and wetlands are plentiful in
taigas.
• British Columbia, Canada, and parts of Alaska are taiga ecosystems.

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3) Tundra

• Temperatures are so low in tundra biome ecosystems that the ground

never fully thaws, even during the summer.
• Plant life grows less luxuriantly, and many species of birds and mammals
migrate south during the harsh winter; caribou are well known for
migrating.
• Tundra ecosystems are treeless regions found in the Arctic and on the
tops of mountains, where the climate is cold and windy
• Lichen, grass, and annual plants grow and reproduce quickly during the
short summer.
• Northern Canada and northern Russia are largely tundra ecosystems.

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4) Desert

• Annual rainfall in a desert is less than 10 inches, or 25 cm, per year. Plants,
such as sagebrush and cacti, have developed adaptations to allow them to
conserve and store water during dry spells.
• Animals, such as snakes and small mammals, have adapted to burrow
underground to escape the daytime sun. Rainfall plays a larger role than
temperature when determining a desert.
• The Sahara Desert in northern Africa is a desert.

13
5) Grasslands

• Prairies and plains are grassland ecosystems. Grasslands receive more

rainfall than the desert, but less rainfall than the chaparral.
• Light rains allow minerals to remain in surface soil, rather than being
washed deeper into the soil; shallow-rooted grasses grow well, while deep-
rooted trees are unable to establish themselves.
• Mammals tend to be swift moving herbivores, such as antelopes and
giraffes, or predators, such as lions.
• The Midwestern United States and much of central Africa are grassland
ecosystems.

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6) Chaparral

• Rainfall in chaparral biome ecosystems is slightly higher than in grassland

ecosystems, and falls almost entirely during the winter, resulting in dry,
and often hot, summers.
• Yucca, scrub oak, cacti, and some hardy trees are found in chaparral,
alongside coyotes, jack rabbits and lizards. Grapes, olives, figs, eucalyptus
trees also flourish in chaparral.
• Mediterranean southern Europe and the California coast are two examples
of chaparral.

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7) Temperate Rainforest

• Precipitation is the dominant feature of temperate rainforests, with some

temperate rainforests receiving more than 100 inches of rain per year.
• The climate of temperate rain forests is mild, with annual temperatures
averaging 50 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit. Coniferous trees are dominant,
although many deciduous trees grow as well. Moss, lichen, and fungi are
common.
• Deer, bear, slugs, and a wide range of birds are just a few of the species
that live in temperate rain forests. The Olympic Peninsula in Washington
state is a temperate rainforest

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8) Polar

• Polar ecosystems are located on the top and bottom of Earth. These
ecosystems often have flat surfaces covered by ice for much of the year.
• The precipitation is typically snow, although it is possible to see hail or sleet
on warmer days.
• The animals in polar ecosystems are specially adapted to extreme cold.
• Polar animals include penguins, polar bears, seals and arctic birds.

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5.0 SALIENT FEATURES:

Terrestrial ecosystems are governed by the yearly difference of temperature,

rainfall, soil condition, availability of nutrients and of sunlight and many other
Abiotic as well as Biotic factors of the environment. The five major
Terrestrial ecosystems are as under.

1. Tundra
The tundra biome lies between the arctic ocean and the coniferous forests and it
stretches over an area about 5 million across North America, Europe and Asia
beyond 60°N latitude. The animals are arctic fox, polar bear, snowy bear,
lemming, reptiles, amphibians, etc are almost absent.

2. Taiga
They extend in a giant circle around northern Europe, Asia, and North America
but in areas of more moderate temperatures than tundras. The dominating
vegetation is coniferous evergreens with some pine and firs. The animals are
small seed-eating birds and predators such as hawks, fur-bearing Carnivores, little
mink, Elka, puma, Siberian tiger, wolves, etc.

3. Temperate Deciduous Forest

They extend over central and southern Europe, eastern North America, Western
China, Japan, New Zealand, etc. the flora includes trees like beech, oak, maple,
and cherry. Most animals are familiar vertebrates and invertebrates.

4. Tropical Rain Forest

They are found in the Tropical areas of high rainfall in the equatorial regions of
Central America and northern South America. They dominated multiple stories of
broad-leafed evergreen species. Animals are found annelids, arthropods,
amphibians, and reptiles.

5. Savanna
Tropical region dominated by grasses with scattered trees and fire resisting
thorny shrubs. The fauna includes a great diversity of grazers and browsers such
as antelopes, buffaloes, zebras, elephants, and rhinoceros.

18
6.0:Actual Resources Used:

SR. Name of Specification Qty. Remarks

NO Resources
. / Material
1 Internet 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_ecosystem 1
4. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-terrestrial-
ecosystem-definition-examples-types.html
5. https://sciencing.com/major-types-terrestrial-ecosystems-
8248888.html
2 Book 3. Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology 1
Authors: Chapin III, F. Stuart, Matson, Pamela A., Vitousek,
Peter

4. Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology: Principles and Applications

F. Andersson

19
7.0: Output:

20
21
8.1 : Skills Developed:

The Wildlife Conservation Module is designed to help students understand

the ecological, cultural and social significance of our nature reserves.
This module is designed to tie into the curriculum and educate the students
about biodiversity, field research, park administration, geography,
communities and conservation initiatives through hands on activities.

9.1 : Application of Micro Project:

• Using this many people learn detailed information about terrestrial

ecosystem such as tundra,grasslands,tropical rainforest

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 Micro-Project Evaluation sheet (PART-A)
Name of Student: Enrollment No. :

Name of Program: Computer Engineering Semester: V

Course Title: Environmental Studies Code: 22447

Title of the Micro-Project: Terrestrial Ecosystem: A Study

Course Outcomes Achieved:

A).Develop public awareness about the environment .

B).Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.

C).Conserve ecosyatem and biodiversity.

D).Apply techniques to reduce environmental pollution.

E).Manage social issues and environmental ethics as lifelong learning

Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project

Sr. Characteristic to be Poor Average Good Excellent
No. assessed (Marks 1-3) (Marks 4-5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks 9-10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment(Convert above total marks out of 6 Marks)
1 Relevance to the course
2 Literature Survey /
Information Collection
3 Completion of Target as
per project proposal
4 Analysis of Data and
representation
5 Quality of Prototype/
Model
6 Report Preparation
(B)Individual Presentation /Viva (Convert above total marks out of 4 Marks)
7 Presentation

8 Defense

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 Micro-Project Evaluation sheet (PART-B)

(A) (B) Total Marks

Process and Individual Presentation / 10
Product Assessment Viva
(6 Marks) (4 Marks)

Comment/ Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

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Any Other Comment:

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Name and designation of the Faculty Member: Mrs. Rushali Navale(Lecturer)

Signature:

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